CN103330656B - 适合于作为压缩气体气溶胶分散的包含溶剂化活性剂的组合物 - Google Patents
适合于作为压缩气体气溶胶分散的包含溶剂化活性剂的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103330656B CN103330656B CN201310181880.2A CN201310181880A CN103330656B CN 103330656 B CN103330656 B CN 103330656B CN 201310181880 A CN201310181880 A CN 201310181880A CN 103330656 B CN103330656 B CN 103330656B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于使一种或多种活性剂溶剂化入水溶液中的组合物,该组合物适合于作为压缩气体气溶胶组合物分散。所述组合物包含至少一种表面活性剂、至少一种活性剂(例如芳香剂或杀虫剂)和压缩气体推进剂。所述至少一种表面活性剂优选以约0.1wt.%~约3wt.%的量存在。所述至少一种活性剂优选以约0.1wt.%~约2wt.%的量存在。所述压缩气体推进剂优选以约0.1wt.%~约1wt.%的量存在。对于该组合物,总表面活性剂与活性剂的重量比优选为约1:3~约5:1。本发明组合物采用降低量的表面活性剂与活性剂,从而便于更有效地加载活性剂,并降低使用期间所接触的表面上的粘性或胶粘性。
Description
本申请是分案申请,原申请的申请日为2009年6月8日,申请号为200980122116.X,发明名称为“适合于作为压缩气体气溶胶分散的包含溶剂化活性剂的组合物”。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使一种或多种活性剂成溶剂化物进入水溶液的组合物,从而以清澈稳定的微乳状液提供活性剂。更具体而言,本发明涉及一种用于使活性剂溶剂化入水中的组合物,该组合物适合于作为包含至少一种表面活性剂、至少一种活性剂和压缩气体推进剂的压缩气体气溶胶(compressedgasaerosol)组合物分散,其中所述组合物包含少量的至少一种表面活性剂和至少一种活性剂。总表面活性剂与活性剂的比例降低,便于更有效地加载活性剂,从而降低粘性。优选的活性剂是芳香剂和杀虫剂。
背景技术
活性成分或组合物,例如芳香剂油、杀虫剂、药物、清洁剂、抛光剂、发胶、化妆品和涂料等,通常由不溶于水的物质组成。这些活性成分和组合物以制造成气溶胶组合物的形式使用。这样的活性成分和组合物通常要求包含溶剂以制成在水中的均匀混合物。
此外,气溶胶组合物通常用碳氢化合物推进剂增压。因为很多原因,包括对环境的关注,工业上正用压缩气体代替气溶胶组合物中的碳氢化合物。然而,压缩气体气溶胶组合物通常存在一些问题,包括但不限于,不能够制备芳香剂油、杀虫剂、药物、清洁剂、抛光剂、发胶、化妆品和涂料的稳定的水性混合物。由于该问题,现今制备的大多数压缩气体气溶胶组合物包含有助于这些“活性”成分溶解或分散的物质。通常,这些物质是表面活性剂和溶剂的混合物。所述的溶剂常常是挥发性的有机化合物(VOC)。醇,如乙醇和异丙醇是在这些组合物中常用的溶剂。乙二醇及其衍生物也用作这些组合物中的溶剂。
由于芳香剂油、杀虫剂、清洁剂、抛光剂、发胶和化妆品等由不溶于水的物质组成,所以溶剂已预先加入到这样的组合物中以提高这些物质的总溶解性。
这些组合物可以通过包括气溶胶分配器或泵驱动分配器的多种机械装置来分配。所述组合物可包含推进剂,所述推进剂例如被认为是VOC的碳氢化合物推进剂。VOC在气溶胶组合物中的含量由联邦和/或国家管理机构规定,如由环境保护局(EPA)和加利福尼亚空气资源管理委员会(CaliforniaAirResourcesBoard(CARB))规定。一种降低这种气溶胶组合物中VOC含量的方法是降低用来分散液体产物的碳氢化合物推进剂的含量。此外,无VOC的气溶胶体系的愿望已带来对不含溶剂的稳定乳剂的需求。
目前,已知的气溶胶组合物如空气消毒杀菌剂包含约29.5%重量含量的碳氢化合物推进剂和6%~8.8%的乙二醇含量和纯醇溶剂。然而,碳氢化合物推进剂含量的降低对产品的性能影响不利。具体而言,降低气溶胶空气消毒杀菌剂中推进剂的含量,可导致在分散器组件使用期最后时过多的产物残留在容器中(产物滞留),以及增大分配产物的粒度(增大的粒度)。因此,希望在组合物中采用较少量的推进剂,从而也最终在组合物中使用较少量的表面活性剂和活性剂(如芳香剂或杀虫剂)。希望使用较少量的这些成分以降低昂贵化学成分的量,这样降低产品的制造成本,并减少释放到大气中的化学制品的量。
一种已知的非气溶胶空气清新剂组合物,其由约翰逊父子公司制造,包含水、芳香剂、乙氧基醇、聚乙氧基氢化蓖麻油、杀菌剂和消泡剂。表面活性剂相对于芳香剂以1.75:1的比例的量存在。
美国专利申请公开No.2002/0004033Al描述了一种乳剂型组合物,该组合物提供持续释放活性物质(例如空气清新剂、药物、驱避剂等)的气化物。这种组合物包含水、要被气化的活性空气处理组分和乳化剂,其中乳化剂的量保持活性组分以乳状液均一的形式在水中被乳化而不形成固体。所述乳化剂(表面活性剂、增粘剂(viscofier)、增稠剂、乳化剂)可以是形成水包油乳化液的单一试剂或试剂的混合物。所述乳化剂使油相的油滴稳定在水相中,且该乳化剂不使油溶解在水中形成溶液。芳香剂化学品可与多种溶剂、稀释剂、油、蜡、表面活性剂或其它物质混合,这些物质用来使芳香剂化学品溶解或改变它们的强度、稳定性、粘度、释放速率或其它物理或化学特性。
美国专利申请公开No.2004/0132831Al和美国专利No.7,053,124B2描述了一种气溶胶传递系统,据描述,该系统用来降低其中包含的表面活性剂的量。所述组合物包含0.1-10wt.%的双液泡沫、20-95wt.%的水相、5-40wt.%的推进剂和至少一种油-溶性功能性物质(例如芳香剂)。所述双液泡沫包含70-95wt.%的油-溶性功能性物质和5-30wt.%的连续相,该连续相优选是水相。一种表面活性剂可以以0.1-3wt.%的量被包含来使双液泡沫稳定。所披露的合适的表面活性剂是聚乙氧基氢化蓖麻油。可以选择表面活性剂来产生与推进剂的亲和性。据描述,所述气溶胶组合物消除了需要使用大量溶剂或表面活性剂和挥发性有机化合物。除了别的之外,所述组合物可以用作空气清新剂。该空气清新剂可以包含另外的常规组分。
美国专利No.6,984,617B2描述了一种组合物,其包含捕获物(entrapmentmaterial)与芳香剂的香气释放复合物和包裹物,该组合物提供了改进的香气捕获和保持。所述包裹物包裹香气释放复合物,来以复合物状态保留芳香剂。所述包裹物可以是非离子型表面活性剂,例如部分或全部氢化的聚氧乙烯蓖麻油醚。所述包裹物可以用来防止其它物质(通过使其溶解)取代芳香剂。所述捕获物用来通过物理包围和捕获细小的芳香剂液滴在坚固的壁内而控制芳香剂油的释放。该组合物被描述用于向头发和/或皮肤传递香气的个人护理品中。香气释放复合物与包裹物的重量比为1:0.1to1:0.9。所述组合物也可以包含水,在这种情况下挥发性的非水溶剂也会存在。
美国专利No.4,083,954描述了一种气溶胶组合物,其具有水-醇基质以向推进剂提供乳化液稳定性。该组合物包含(A)15-80wt.%的液体推进剂和(B)85-20wt.%的液体组合物,其中所述液体组合物包含:(i)30-80wt.%基于(B)重量的含有1-3个碳原子的烷醇,(ii)0.05-1.0wt.%基于(B)重量的乳化剂,该乳化剂由1-300摩尔的环氧乙烷与选自包括氢化蓖麻油组中的物质的加合物组成,(iii)0.01-20wt.%基于(B)重量的活性成分,和(iv)余量的水。所述烷醇据描述用来溶解组合物中水不溶性的活性成分。该组合物可以用作空气清新剂。
美国专利No.5,047,234描述了一种水性空气清新剂组合物,其包含无机盐以提供也存在于组合物中的香料的更均匀的挥发速率。该组合物可以包含0.01-0.5wt.%的盐、3-15wt.%的挥发性溶剂、2-15wt.%的乳化剂、1-20wt.%的芳香剂、余量的水和任选0-15wt.%的共溶剂。所述盐可以为碱金属(如钾)和阴离子部分(如磷酸根)。该盐据描述用于提供稳定作用,即抑制相分离和/或通过降低挥发速率而延长空气清新剂的使用寿命。因此,所披露的表面活性剂与溶剂的最低比例为6:1。
美国专利No.5,935,554描述了一种气溶胶空间喷雾剂(aerosolspacespray),其不是一种含有活性成分(如香料)和推进剂的乳剂。所述活性成分使推进剂成溶剂化物。溶剂可以存在或可以不存在。
美国专利No.4,965,063和No.5,064,635描述了一种用于表面的洗涤组合物,其包含一种可含有杀菌剂的消失性染料。所述染料是pH敏感性的,从而当暴露于空气中时该染料消失。所述组合物包含约0.1%-20.0%的表面活性剂或表面活性剂的混合物和0.05%-0.07%的染料。该组合物的剩余部分可以由水构成。所述组合物如果包装成合适的传递系统,则可以是起泡沫的。推进剂被加入到该系统。量约为5%-7%的推进剂体系可以将液体表面活性剂转变成泡沫。
美国专利No.5,091,111和No.5,145,604描述了一种包括泡囊结构的乳化液体系,所述泡囊结构可以用来提供用于气溶胶传递系统的推进剂组分的储藏作用。所述水性乳化液制剂可以用于从加压容器中传递气溶胶组合物。水性气溶胶传递系统包括水性乳化液态组分和推进剂组分,其中水性乳化液态组分按系统重量计以75%-98%之间的量存在,所述推进剂组分按系统重量计是在2%-25%之间。
美国专利No.5,679,324描述了一种低刺激性和低燃烧性的气溶胶发泡芳香剂组合物,在预分配状态是半透明的,当从气溶胶容器中释放时,形成迅速展开的泡沫。该组合物包含表面活性剂、推进剂、芳香剂、增稠剂和美容媒介物(cosmeticvehicle),其中表面活性剂与推进剂的比例为约1:1~约1:10。
美国专利No.6,875,732B2描述了一种微乳化的芳香剂组合物,该组合物当存在于洗衣用组合物中时或当从基质中被传递时,其提供有效的芳香剂传递系统。所述芳香剂传递系统包括(按重量):(a)2-50%的活性芳香剂,(b)50-98%的微乳液浓缩物,该微乳液浓缩物包含(i)0.03-80%的非离子型表面活性剂、(ii)0.00240%的N-C8-C18烷基吡咯烷酮、(iii)0-60%的N-C1-C4烷基吡咯烷酮、(iv)0-30%的环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物和(v)0-10%的乙氧基化磷酸酯。
美国专利申请公开No.2004/0147416Al描述了一种从织物中除去恶臭的方法、稳定的水性除臭组合物和包括该组合物的制品,以及对该方法和/或要得到的益处的说明。所述组合物包含如环糊精的除臭剂和/或任选的沸石、粘土、气味阻断剂、如第I类和/或第II类醛的气味反应物、包括类黄酮的精油、金属盐、水溶性阴离子型聚合物等以控制气味,其中防止所述环糊精与可能存在于该组合物中的任何其它物质相互作用,以使环糊精保持非复合的状态。任选地,该组合物也可包含低分子量的多元醇、螯合剂等。据描述该组合物优选基本上不含任何能弄脏或沾污织物的物质。
美国专利申请公开No.2005/0037945Al描述了利用气溶胶发生器来分散的芳香剂组合物。该芳香剂组合物包含30wt%或更多的第A类气味组分,其中该组分的特征在于感觉阈值浓度为1ng/1或更高,以及蒸气压为10μg/1或更高。
美国专利申请公开No.2006/0292111Al描述了一种用于从空气中消除臭味、与特定的喷雾阀组合的空气处理组合物,并描述了向空气中提供最大范围分散组合物中的活性成分的传动机构的要求和喷射性能参数。所述组合物的粒子细小以使活性成分以精细分散体被分散到空气中,而提供与臭气的更多接触和提供快速吸收臭气。所述组合物的粒度通过阀和传动机构尺寸的选择而被控制。该空气处理和臭味消除组合物包含水、低分子量多元醇、乳化剂和推进剂。所述组合物也可以包含附加的辅助剂,如溶剂、芳香剂、腐蚀抑制剂和pH调节剂等。
美国专利No.4,382,078描述了一种两相基于水的气溶胶组合物,该组合物包含活性成分、表面活性剂、稳定剂和二甲醚(DME)推进剂。所述表面活性剂是特定结构式的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物。香料、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、防霉剂、除草剂或除臭剂可以包含在该组合物中。
美国专利No.6,238,646Bl描述了用于传递雾化油(如芳香剂油、杀虫剂油和药用油)的水性气溶胶组合物。该组合物包含水、水溶性推进剂(如二甲醚)、在水中分散的油相、非离子型表面活性剂和聚合物乳化剂。非离子型表面活性剂据描述通过降低水中分散相的液滴大小而有助于油粒悬浮。
美国专利申请公开No.2004/0209795Al(其相当于WO2005/093836A2)描述了一种高度透明的无VOC的微乳液状的香料组合物。该微乳液包含油(如香料油)、含有一种或多种离子型表面活性剂和一种或多种非离子型表面活性剂的表面活性剂体系、增溶助剂和水。所述油可以含有溶剂。所述离子型表面活性剂可以是阴离子的、阳离子的或两性的。表面活性剂体系存在的量据描述基本上取决于存在的油和增溶助剂的量,是提供微乳液所需要的量。所述增溶助剂可以是有机或无机盐,例如选自由C1~C15一元羧酸和二元羧酸衍生物的铵、碱性和碱土金属盐、碳酸氢盐、卤化物、硫氰酸盐和这些盐的化合物组成的组中。
美国专利申请公开No.2005/0020698Al(其相当于WO2005/005264A2)描述了一种无蒸气开关并具有更稳定乳液的气溶胶产品,其中更稳定的乳液采用推进剂与产物的比例非常低。通过调整表面活性剂体系使其适合配方中的其它成分,同时采用降低推进剂的重量百分比和从阀中去除蒸气开关,而提供更稳定的乳液。所述气溶胶产品可以是飞虫杀虫剂、房屋喷雾器杀虫剂和空气消毒杀菌剂。功能性成分提供香味或杀虫性、杀菌性或其它功能。所公开的实例包含水、腐蚀抑制剂、芳香油、表面活性剂和碳氢化合物推进剂。
美国专利申请公开No.2003/0005522Al和美国专利No.6,451,065、No.6,248,135、No.6,077,318和No.5,670,475描述了一种用于减轻恶臭感受的水性组合物,该组合物包含香料和水性载体和任选的增溶助剂、环糊精和金属盐。所述增溶助剂是用来使任何过多的有机物溶解,特别是香料和其它任选加入的成分(如蚊虫驱避剂)溶解。适合的增溶助剂是表面活性剂,其可以是非离子型、阳离子型、两性的、两性离子的或其混合物。阴离子型表面活性剂据描述不被优选,是因为它们与金属盐的金属离子形成水不溶性盐。该组合物可由喷雾分配器来分配,其中所述喷雾分散器可以是采用如压缩空气的推进剂的气溶胶。
美国专利No.5,734,029、No.5,266,690、No.5,449,763、No.5,859,218和No.5,962,399描述了烷基多葡糖苷组合物,该组合物具有提高的表面活化性能,并含有不同烷基链长、不同聚合物度和不同表面活化性能的烷基多葡糖苷的混合物。所述表面活性剂烷基多葡糖苷据描述用于个人护理、化妆品、洗涤剂、家用和工业应用中。所述烷基多葡糖苷混合物据描述具有改进的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和界面张力(IFT)性质,这些性质在乳化和溶解中有用。
美国专利No.6,729,559B2描述了一种包括容纳气溶胶组合物的容器的气溶胶产品。所述气溶胶组合物是一种浓缩物(一种含有有效成分的液体)和一种推进剂。该有效成分可以是杀虫剂或芳香剂。所述推进剂可以是压缩气体,如二氧化碳、氮气、低氧化氮(nitrogensuboxide)或空气。所述浓缩物可以是含有发泡剂(如表面活性剂)的喷雾泡沫。
美国专利申请公开No.2005/0124512Al描述了一种可以包含香料和压缩气体(如空气)的空气和织物清新剂。所述香料成分和任何除臭成分可以包括任意合适的百分比,且余量可以是载体和任何非必需的成分(如表面活性剂)。
美国专利No.5,538,978、No.5,494,912和No.5,527,803描述了嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶抑制剂。这些化合物可以以化合物在生理学上可接受的稀释剂中可注射的剂量给药。所述稀释剂可以是表面活性剂,其可为如环氧乙烷与疏水性碱的高分子量加合物的单一成分或混合物。该化合物也可以以气溶胶或喷雾组合物的形式给药。所述喷雾组合物也可以包含表面活性剂,且在不使用气体推进剂的情况下利用加压下的推进剂或利用可压缩的塑料喷射瓶、雾化器或喷雾器来应用该组合物。
欧洲专利申请No.0488668Al描述了一种包含表面活性剂的含除草剂液体。所述表面活性剂是用来产生泡沫,并可为阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型或两性的。用于使除草剂和表面活性剂溶解或悬浮的稀释剂也可使用,例如水、醇、乙二醇和乙二醇醚。所述液体可以以气溶胶的形式应用。所述除草剂、表面活性剂和稀释剂与推进剂(如压缩气体,例如二氧化碳、氮气、一氧化二氮和空气)一起将封入气溶胶容器中。
美国专利No.5,489,433描述了一种包含羟基无环酸(作为活性物)和任意离子型或非离子型表面活性剂的杀虫剂组合物。该组合物可以以气溶胶形式递送。表面活性剂的目的据描述是降低杀虫剂组合物的表面张力,从而当该组合物作用于虫身体上时,促进羟基无环酸渗透到虫子的神经系统,而破坏虫子的正常呼吸功能,因此使虫子窒息。
美国专利No.3,829,578描述了一种活性抗病毒化合物,在加入或不加入表面活性剂的情况下,该化合物与常规药物载体(例如,水)一起使用。所述活性化合物采用常规辅剂(如溶剂或润湿剂)可以与气体或液化的推进剂(例如二氧化碳)包装成气溶胶。可以使用的代表性的表面活性成分包括高分子量的烷基聚乙二醇醚。
美国专利申请公开No.2005/0192197Al描述了一种用于减少微生物数量的过氧羧酸。各种增溶剂可以与该酸一起使用,该增溶剂包括各种表面活性剂。描述了一种发泡组合物,该发泡组合物包含该酸化合物和发泡表面活性剂(如醇乙氧基化物和烷基醚硫酸酯)。在使用时,压缩空气可注入该混合物中。
美国专利申请公开No.2005/0165042Al描述了一种可以通过注射给药的杂环化合物。要注射的组合物可以包含非离子型表面活性剂和该杂环化合物。所述表面活性剂可以是单一组分。
美国专利申请公开No.2005/0089540Al描述了一种用于提供装入微胶囊的活性成分(如香料)的可控释放的应用于表面的组合物。该组合物可以包含气溶胶推进剂,如压缩空气。除所述香料和推进剂外,该组合物还可以包含稳定剂(如肉豆蔻酸异丙酯)、分散剂和水性载体。所述分散剂用来使微胶囊悬浮在组合物中。所述组合物可以任选包含表面活性剂或表面活性剂的混合物。
上述组合物具有多方面的缺点。所述组合物的这些或其它缺点通过本发明得以解决。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种使一种或多种活性剂溶剂化入水溶液的组合物,以清澈稳定的微乳状液提供活性剂。该组合物尤其适合于作为压缩气体气溶胶组合物分散。关于存在于组合物中的总表面活性剂与活性剂的比例,该组合物使用减少量的表面活性剂和活性剂。基于重量,总表面活性剂与活性剂的比例优选为约1:3~约5:1,更优选约1.2:1~约3:2。这种减少保证了更有效的活性剂的加载。此外,由于组分量的减少,当通过压缩气体分散时,本发明的组合物的粘性降低。与标准气溶胶相比,通过常规已知的压缩气体分散装置分散的压缩气体分散组合物通常具有更大的粒度,从而导致该分散的喷雾组合物在长时间的使用期间的应用后,在与颗粒接触的表面上产生粘性或粘着性。采用本发明的组合物,减小了这种影响。
所述组合物优选包含约0.1wt.%~约3wt.%的至少一种表面活性剂、约0.1wt.%~约2wt.%的至少一种活性剂和约0.1wt.%~约1wt.%的压缩气体推进剂。所述活性剂优选是芳香剂、杀虫剂、药物、杀菌剂、驱避剂和/或除臭剂等。这些活性剂通常是水不溶性或水不混溶的,因此需要使这些活性剂溶剂化。如果活性剂不被溶剂化,则活性剂造成不希望地产生游离油或混浊的乳液。优选的实施例是在活性剂为芳香剂或杀虫剂时。当活性剂为一种或多种芳香剂和/或杀虫剂时,该活性剂以约0.2~约2wt.%的总组合物的量存在。所述组合物也可以包含其它的辅剂,如腐蚀抑制剂、pH调节剂、溶剂、抗菌剂、载体溶剂、加工助剂、增稠剂、触变胶和/或染料等中的一种或多种。该组合物可以采用常规已知的压缩气体气溶胶装置来分散。
通过参考所附的详细描述,其中举例说明和描述了本发明优选的实施方案,可以更好地理解本发明的上述和其它观点、特征和优点。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种组合物,用于使该组合物的一种或多种活性剂(例如,水不溶性或水不混溶成分)溶剂化(即溶解或分散)进入水溶液,从而提供一种清澈或基本上清澈的稳定的活性剂的微乳液。该组合物优选为低(4%或更少)的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)或不含VOC的压缩气体气溶胶组合物。所述组合物包含至少一种表面活性剂、至少一种活性剂和至少一种压缩气体推进剂。该组合物使用减少量的表面活性剂和活性剂。表面活性剂和活性剂彼此以总表面活性剂重量百分数与活性剂重量百分数的比例为约1:3~约5:1,优选为约1:1~约3:2,存在。所述活性剂优选是芳香剂、杀虫剂、药物、杀菌剂、驱避剂、消毒杀菌剂和/或除臭剂等。由于组合物中表面活性剂的量减少,所以关于在长期使用期间的喷雾应用后该组合物所接触到的表面,该组合物具有大大降低的粘性或粘着性。
所述组合物特别适合于作为压缩气体气溶胶组合物分散,例如空气清新剂杀虫剂和/或虫子驱避剂等。所述组合物可以采用常规已知的压缩气体气溶胶装置来进行分散。因为压缩气体气溶胶装置通常产生具有比标准气溶胶包装更大粒度的喷雾,所以如上所述组合物粘性或粘着性的降低赋予优于先前已知的压缩气体气溶胶组合物的大大改进和优点。
所述组合物优选包含约0.1wt.%~约3wt.%的至少一种表面活性剂、约0.1wt.%~约2wt.%的至少一种活性剂和约0.1wt.%~约1wt.%的至少一种压缩气体推进剂。
所述组合物特别适合于将芳香剂分散到周围空气中。当所述活性剂是一种或多种芳香剂和/或一种或多种杀虫剂,该芳香剂或杀虫剂优选以总组合物的约0.1wt.%~约2wt.%的范围内存在,更优选为约0.3wt.%~约0.6wt.%,最优选为约0.5wt.%。
所述表面活性剂相对于活性剂,基于重量%,以约1:3~约5:1,更优选约1:1~约3:2的比例存在。这个比例范围保证了总表面活性剂相对于活性剂(如芳香剂)的量的降低,从而保证了更有效的活性剂的加载。所述组合物也可以包含其它的辅剂,比如腐蚀抑制剂、pH调节剂、溶剂、抗菌剂、加工助剂、增稠剂和/或触变胶等中的一种或多种。
在本发明的组合物中,至少一种表面活性剂可以是单一的表面活性剂或表面活性剂的混合物。所述至少一种表面活性剂以约0.1wt.%~约3wt.%,优选约0.3wt.%~约2wt.%,更优选约0.5wt.%~约1wt.%的量存在。所述活性剂以约0.1wt.%~约2wt.%,优选约0.1wt.%~约1wt.%,更优选约0.3wt.%~约0.6wt.%的量存在。所述压缩气体推进剂以约0.1wt.%~约1wt.%,优选约0.5wt.%~约1wt.%,更优选约0.6wt.%~约0.8wt.%的量存在。
此外,对于辅剂,其是非必需存在的,一般根据如下所述存在:腐蚀抑制剂以约0.05wt.%~约1wt.%的量存在;溶剂以约0.1wt.%~约10wt.%的量存在;抗菌剂以约0.05wt.%~约0.2wt.%的量存在;和pH调节剂以适合于达到所需要的pH值的量存在。如果其它辅剂存在,则它们各自一般以约0.0001wt.%到约4wt.%的量存在。
所述至少一种表面活性剂基于与活性成分的相容性,可以是任何合适的表面活性剂或表面活性剂的混合物,并可以包括非离子型、阳离子型、阴离子型和/或两性的。适于单独或以混合物的形式使用的具体表面活性剂包括但不限于:聚乙氧基氢化蓖麻油(例如,TAGAT-CH60(60环氧乙烷(EO)基团);TAGAT-CH40(40EO));氢化和乙氧基化蓖麻油混合物(例如,EUMULGINHPS(40EO));仲醇乙氧基化物(例如,TERGITOL15-S-12和TERGITOL15-S-7);聚甘油-10月桂酸酯(例如,DERMOFEELGlOL);聚甘油-6辛酸酯(例如,DERMOFEELG6CY);乙氧基化直链醇(例如,LUTENSOLA08(8EO));失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(例如,SPAN80);聚氧乙烯(20)失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(例如,TWEEN80);聚氧乙烯(20)失水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯(例如,TWEEN20);烷基C9-C11多葡糖苷(例如,APG325NK);二癸基二甲基氯化铵(例如,BTC1010);二癸基二甲基碳酸铵(例如,UNIQUAT22C50);聚环氧乙烷/聚环氧丙烷(例如,PLURONICF68,PLURONICF108);以及它们的混合物。
所述活性剂可以是任何合适的芳香剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、药物、消毒杀菌剂和/或除臭剂等。一种“活性”剂要理解为一种具有会发挥出某种效力或作用的活性的化学试剂。此外,该活性剂要理解为是水不溶解或与水不混溶的。
一种适合用作活性剂的芳香剂,基于单一组分或多组分混合物,可以是任何合适的天然或合成的芳香剂。芳香剂从芳香剂制造商(例如Takasago,InternationalFlavors&FragrancesInc.,Quest,Firmenich,Givaudan,Symrise等)商购得到。
所述杀虫剂可以是天然的除虫菊酯和除虫菊萃,以及合成的拟除虫菊酯。适于使用的杀虫剂包括但不限于:残杀威(propoxur);MGK264;炔咪菊酯(imiprothrin);苯醚菊酯(sumithrin); 氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin);苄氯菊酯(permethrin);氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin);氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin);丙烯除虫菊酯(allethrin),比如D-丙烯除虫菊酯;四氟苯菊酯(benfluthrin);联苯菊酯(bifenthrin);反丙烯除虫菊(bioallethrin),比如S-反丙烯除虫菊;杀蚊灵(esbiothrin);S-生物烯丙菊酯(esbiol);右旋反灭虫菊酯(bioresmethrin);乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin);β-氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin);三氟氯氰菊酯(cyhalothrin);lamda-三氟氯氰菊酯(lamda-cyhalothrin);氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin);α-氯氰菊酯;β-氯氰菊酯;苯醚氰菊酯(cyphenothrin);溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin);烯炔菊酯(empenthrin);顺式氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate);甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin);氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate);氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate);氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate);噻嗯菊酯(kadethrin);苯氧司林(phenothrin);普亚列宁(prallethrin),比如苄呋菊酯(resmethrin);七氟菊酯(tefluthrin);四甲司林(tetramethrin)或四溴菊酯(tralomethrin);也可以采用如美国专利No.4,439,415中描述的其它挥发性杀虫剂。
表1说明了各种杀虫剂添加剂及其物理状态。
表1:杀虫剂添加剂和物理状态
化学名称 | 物理状态 |
样品1-氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin) | 固态 |
样品2-残杀威(propoxur) | 粉末 |
样品3-MGK 264 | 液态 |
样品4-除虫菊萃 | 液态 |
样品5-苄氯菊酯(permethrin) | 结晶态 |
样品6-氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin) | 树脂 |
样品7-炔咪菊酯(imiprothrin) | 液态 |
样品8–Quest Q-9633 | 液态 |
样品9-似虫菊(Neo-pynamin) | 粉末 |
样品10-苯醚菊酯(Sumithrin) | 液态 |
样品11-Pynamin Forte | 液态 |
氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)是α-氰基-3-苯氧基-4-氟苄基-2,2-二甲基-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)环丙烷羧酸酯,其来自南京阿格罗万斯化学工业有限公司(NanjingAgrovanceChemicalIndustryLtd.)。
残杀威(propoxur)是2-(1-甲基乙氧基)苯基氨基甲酸甲酯,其来自莫贝化学公司(MobayChemicalCorporation)的农用化学品部,商标名BAYGONTECHNICAL。
MGK264是N-辛基双环庚烷二甲酰亚胺,其来自McLaughlinGormleyKingCompany。
除虫菊萃是一种从除虫菊(Chrysanthemumcinerariifolium)头状花序中的天然提取物,来自AJEGmbH。
苄氯菊酯(permethrin)是3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸(3-苯氧基苯基)甲基酯,即3-苯氧基苄基(1RS)-顺,反-3-(2,2二氯乙烯基)-2,2二甲基-环丙烷羧酸酯,其来自Sumitomo。
氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)是氰基(3-苯氧基苯基)甲基3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-羧酸酯,其来自南京阿格罗万斯化学工业有限公司。
炔咪菊酯(imiprothrin)是[2,5-二氧代-3-(2-丙炔基)-1-咪唑烷基]甲基(1R)-2,2-二甲基-3-(2-甲基-l-丙烯基)环丙烷羧酸酯,其来自Sumitomo。
QuestQ-9633是一种水调节剂和活化剂配制的混合物,设计成通过调整如pH和硬水的因素来增强杀虫剂性能,其来自海伦娜化学公司(HelenaChemicalCo.)。
Neopynamin是1,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-(1,3-二氧代-2H-异吲哚-2-基)甲基2,2-二甲基-3-(2-甲基-l-丙烯基)-环丙烷羧酸酯,其来自Sumitomo。
苯醚菊酯(Sumithrin)是3-苯氧基苄基2-二甲基-3-(甲基丙烯基)环丙烷羧酸酯,其来自Sumitomo。
Pynamin是(1R)-顺,反-菊酸与(RS)-丙烯醇酮(allethrolone)的酯,其来自Sumitomo。
所述压缩气体推进剂可以是任何合适的常规已知的压缩气体推进剂,包括但不限于空气、氮气、一氧化二氮、二氧化碳、氩气、甲烷、乙烷及其混合物。该压缩气体推进剂以约100~165psig,优选120~155psig,且更优选约135psig加压。
所述腐蚀抑制剂可以是任何适宜的腐蚀抑制剂,包括但不限于:磷酸盐,比如磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢钾、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸钾(一元的或二元的)、磷酸钠(一元的或二元的);亚硝酸盐,比如亚硝酸钠、亚硝酸钾和亚硝酸铵;以及氨基甲基丙醇。
所述抗菌剂可以是任何抗菌剂,包括但不限于2-甲基-2H-异噻唑啉-3-酮、1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3(2H)-酮、聚六亚甲基双胍、苯并异噻唑啉酮(benzo-iso-thiazolone)、2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和/或3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯。
所述溶剂可以是任何适宜的溶剂,包括但不限于:亚烷基二醇,比如丙二醇和三甘醇;丙三醇;乙醇;和/或丙醇。
所述载体溶剂可以是任何适宜的载体溶剂,包括但不限于水,比如去离子水、蒸馏水、反渗透水和/或自来水。
适于包含作为pH调节剂的化合物包括但不限于磷酸盐、碳酸盐、硼酸盐和有机酸。
本发明通用组合物的优选实施方案示于下面表2中。
表2
本发明组合物优选的实施例示于下面表中,其中活性剂是芳香剂。
表3
表3中组合物的总表面活性剂与芳香剂的比例为1.6:1。
表4
组分 | wt% |
去离子水 | 94.1 |
磷酸钾(50%) | 1 |
烷基多葡糖苷(50%) | 2.5 |
芳香剂 | 0.5 |
丙二醇 | 1 |
2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(5%) | 0.2 |
氮气 | 0.7 |
表4中组合物的总表面活性剂与芳香剂的比例为5:2。
表5
组分 | wt% |
去离子水 | 96.3 |
磷酸钾(50%) | 1 |
乙氧基(60)氢化蓖麻油(50%) | 0.5 |
C6-C17仲醇(3-6摩尔乙氧基化) | 0.3 |
二癸基二甲基氯化铵(50%) | 0.1 |
芳香剂 | 0.5 |
丙二醇 | 0.4 |
聚六亚甲基双胍 | 0.2 |
氮气 | 0.7 |
表5中组合物的总表面活性剂与芳香剂的比例为1.8:1。
表6
组分 | wt% |
去离子水 | 96.3 |
磷酸钾(50%) | 1 |
乙氧基(60)氢化蓖麻油(50%) | 0.5 |
C6-C17仲醇(3-6摩尔乙氧基化) | 0.3 |
二癸基二甲基氯化铵(50%) | 0.1 |
苄氯菊酯(permethrin) | 0.5 |
丙二醇 | 0.4 |
聚六亚甲基双胍 | 0.2 |
氮气 | 0.7 |
表6中组合物的总表面活性剂与杀虫剂的比例为1.8:1。
与标准气溶胶推进剂(例如碳氢化合物气体)相比,通过采用本发明中的压缩气体推进剂,本发明组合物能够采用较低量的推进剂,从而采用降低量的表面活性剂,以传递相同量的活性剂(当与使用标准气溶胶推进剂(例如碳氢化合物)所使用的表面活性剂和活性剂的量相比时)。因为在组合物中使用较少的表面活性剂、活性剂和推进剂降低了组合物的成本,且与来自标准气溶胶组合物的成分相比,较少量的化学品释放到大气中,因此采用较低量的表面活性剂、活性剂和推进剂是非常重要和有益的。如上所述,减少量的表面活性剂和活性剂,保证了在组合物粒子发生随后效用的表面上该组合物的粘性或粘着性降低。因为压缩气体气溶胶通常比常规非压缩气体气溶胶具有更大的粒度,所以上述是重要的。
在理解了多种组分组合以使活性剂基于与表面活性剂的组合而被溶剂化的情况下,本发明的组合物可以任何适合的方法和通过任何适合的手段来制备。在优选的实施方案中,通过制备基于活性剂的溶液(如基于芳香剂的溶液或基于杀虫剂的溶液),将该溶液与防腐剂、腐蚀抑制剂、水和压缩气体推进剂混合,而制成本发明组合物。对于表5的组合物,通过将乙氧基(60EO)氢化蓖麻油、具有3-6EO的C6-17仲醇、芳香剂、丙二醇和二癸基二甲基氯化铵混合,而配制成基于芳香剂的溶液。配制双胍防腐剂、磷酸钾腐蚀抑制剂和去离子水的混合物。然后基于芳香剂的溶液、包含防腐剂和腐蚀抑制剂的溶液和压缩气体推进剂混合,制成最终产物组合物,如表7作为实例示出。
表7
最终组合物 | wt% |
基于芳香剂的溶液 | 1.8 |
防腐剂腐蚀抑制剂/水 | 97.5 |
压缩气体推进剂 | 0.7 |
基于活性剂的溶液(如基于芳香剂的溶液或基于杀虫剂的溶液),防腐剂、腐蚀抑制剂和水的溶液与压缩气体组合,可以用来制成本发明的最终产物组合物。然而,本发明的组分可以以其它适合的方式组合,来制备本发明的组合物。
本文中所披露的代表性实施例不能理解为全部或限制本发明的范围。选择和描述这些代表性实施例是为了说明本发明的原理,以使本领域的技术人员可以实施本发明。对本领域的技术人员来说很显而易见的是,在上述描述的范围内可以进行多种修改。在本领域技术人员能力范围内的这些修改构成本发明的一部分,并被所附权利要求包括。
Claims (15)
1.一种采用压缩气体加压且包含至少一种活性剂的气溶胶组合物,该组合物包含:
基于活性剂的溶液,所述基于活性剂的溶液包括0.1wt.%~3wt.%的至少一种表面活性剂和0.1wt.%~2wt.%的至少一种水不溶性或水不混溶的活性剂的组合,其中,所述至少一种表面活性剂相对于所述至少一种水不溶性或水不混溶的活性剂,基于总表面活性剂重量百分数与活性剂重量百分数,以1:3~5:1的比例存在,从而提供所述溶液;
0.1wt.%~1wt.%的压缩气体推进剂,以及
水,
其中所述至少一种水不溶性或水不混溶的活性剂基于与所述至少一种表面活性剂的组合而被溶剂化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述至少一种水不溶性或水不混溶的活性剂包括芳香剂、杀虫剂、药物、驱避剂、杀菌剂、消毒杀菌剂或除臭剂中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述至少一种活性剂是至少一种芳香剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述至少一种活性剂是至少一种杀虫剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述至少一种表面活性剂是阴离子型、非离子型、阳离子型或两性表面活性剂中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述至少一种表面活性剂是非离子型表面活性剂和阳离子型表面活性剂的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述至少一种表面活性剂包括乙氧基氢化蓖麻油、乙氧基氢化蓖麻油混合物、乙氧基化直链醇、仲醇乙氧基化物、聚甘油-10月桂酸酯、聚甘油-6辛酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、烷基C9-C11多葡糖苷、二癸基二甲基氯化铵、二癸基二甲基碳酸铵、聚环氧乙烷/聚环氧丙烷及其混合物中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述压缩气体推进剂包括空气、氮气、一氧化二氮、氩气、二氧化碳、甲烷、乙烷及其混合物中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,该组合物进一步包含至少一种腐蚀抑制剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的组合物,其中,所述至少一种腐蚀抑制剂为磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐或氨基甲基丙醇。
11.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,该组合物进一步包含至少一种溶剂。
12.根据权利要求11所述的组合物,其中,所述至少一种溶剂是一种或多种亚烷基二醇或其混合物。
13.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,该组合物进一步包含至少一种抗菌剂。
14.根据权利要求13所述的组合物,其中,所述至少一种抗菌剂是甲基异噻唑啉酮、苯并异噻唑啉酮、聚六亚甲基双胍、氨基甲酸酯或其混合物。
15.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述比例为1:1~3:2。
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Patent Citations (1)
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CN1161002A (zh) * | 1994-08-12 | 1997-10-01 | 普罗格特-甘布尔公司 | 用于在无生命物表面降低臭味感觉的组合物 |
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US20150181891A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
AU2009258191B2 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
WO2009151572A2 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
US20090311195A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
CN102065824A (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
MX2010013679A (es) | 2011-03-15 |
BRPI0914412A2 (pt) | 2015-10-20 |
CN102065824B (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
JP6078229B2 (ja) | 2017-02-08 |
JP2015038216A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
JP2011522953A (ja) | 2011-08-04 |
US9364007B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 |
CA2727385A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
US20120213711A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
CA2727385C (en) | 2014-01-28 |
AR072123A1 (es) | 2010-08-04 |
EP2227215A2 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
WO2009151572A3 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
CN103330656A (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
TW201005079A (en) | 2010-02-01 |
ES2623928T3 (es) | 2017-07-12 |
KR20110028281A (ko) | 2011-03-17 |
EP2227215B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
US8178078B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
AU2009258191A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
US9044414B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 |
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