CN103238446A - Seedling growing method for Blumea balsamifera seeds - Google Patents
Seedling growing method for Blumea balsamifera seeds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling growing method for Blumea balsamifera seeds. The method includes that mature seed artificial culture technologies such as artificial beekeeping fertilization and seed water tank nutrition liquid culture are used for improving seed fertility and facilitating seed collection; effective and repeatedly-practiced sowing technologies such as a seedbed processing method, a substrate formula, sowing seasons and a seeding method are summarized, and seed emergence rate is improved to 10%-30%; and nutrition bag seedlings with equal culture quality are taken to a mountain to plant stocks, and pest control measures for different nursery stages, nursery temperature and humidity management key points and the like are systematically summarized. By means of the method, millions of nutrition bag seedlings with good quality and low price are cultured successfully, and the problem that a local government is prevented from developing a Blumea balsamfera industry due to lack of seedlings is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling-cultivating method of seed, particularly a kind of seedling-cultivating method of medicinal material seed.
Background technology
Composite family Compositae Blumea balsamifera belongs to the B1umea DC plant whole world. and kind surplus in the of about 80 is distributed in the torrid zone and semi-tropical Asia, Africa and Oceania; 30 kinds in China is distributed in each provinces and regions on the south the Yangtze river basin; Guizhou has 14 kinds, there are 8 kinds of Blumea balsamifera platymisciums the Luodian, wherein Blumea balsamifera Bl. balsamifera (L.) DC, thousand Blumea balsamifera Bl. lanceolarla Roxb, pubescence Blumea balsamifera Bl. mollis (D.Don) Merr., see that white yellow Bl. lacera (Burm.f.) DC., six ear bell Bl. Laciniata (Roxb.) DC all have medical value preferably.Blumea balsamifera is herbaceos perennial, and all herbal medicine cures mainly flu, rheumatic arthritis, postpartum wind pain, dysmenorrhoea; External application controls that traumatic injury, sore furuncle are swollen bitterly, eczema, dermatitis etc., is the raw material of important Chinese medicine material borneol.The Blumea balsamifera artificial planting has long history; before and after 1938; Luodian, two counties, Wangmo County custom that just has the plantation Blumea balsamifera to extract the Chinese mugwort powder among the people; the Luodian is Chinese Blumea balsamifera artificial planting original producton location in history; abundant Blumea balsamifera plant resources is arranged; at present, the sapling multiplication difficulty is the main cause of restriction Blumea balsamifera plant large-scale planting development utilization.
The Blumea balsamifera plantation is long-term based on the mitogenetic breeding of the seedling sprout of limb, root system.He Yuannong etc. carry out system research to type and the transplanting performance of the mitogenetic seedling of Blumea balsamifera, find that it is main seedling source that the Blumea balsamifera vegetative propagation is given birth to seedling with root, the uneven seedling seedbed point, limited for the controllability of seedling amount and time and seedling colony unified standard that causes of seedling matter is a big obstacle of Blumea balsamifera GAP scale construction of base; By nineteen ninety-five-2003, Luodian, the Libo area year lower reason of a plurality of Blumea balsamifera large-scale planting base seedling transplanting survival rate is inquired into, find stem rot be the main diseases that causes mitogenetic transplantation of seedlings death because of; A little less than the mitogenetic shoot root system, transporting at a distance that easy dehydration wilts also is to cause transplanting main causes of death.
Blumea balsamifera seed fertility is poor, the less not easily collecting of seed and the biological property of dormancy phenomenon is arranged is the basic reason that causes Blumea balsamifera plant resources sexual propagation functional deterioration, and wild plant resource is mainly the clone population.The Blumea balsamifera plant is capitulum, and the female flower multilayer of inflorescence periphery can be educated, and the hermaphrodite flower of central authorities is most or fewer, can educate or few not exclusively growth.Peripheral seed fertility is good, dies but easily rack after the maturation, is difficult for gathering; The internal layer seed is easily gathered, but fertility is poor, and the dormancy phenomenon is arranged.The Blumea balsamifera seed growth is longer growth cycle, generally the 9-10 month in the first year begin pregnant flower bud, late May next year seed maturity, He Yuannong etc. carry out the artificial breeding test to the Blumea balsamifera seed and find, the Blumea balsamifera seed has certain resting stage, low temperature helps to break seed dormancy, but germination rate is lower than 5.8%, and being difficult to artificial breeding provides a large amount of seedling from seed on producing.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of seed seedling-raising method of Blumea balsamifera, to improve the germination rate of Blumea balsamifera.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of seed seedling-raising method of Blumea balsamifera may further comprise the steps:
(1) the artificial culture technique of seed:
The maternal concentrated field planting of the high-quality provenance of a. collection being introduced a fine variety is raised 1-2 bucket honeybee every mu of the 3-4 florescence month;
B. the ripe method of tank nutrient solution seed system:
Spray is cultivated facility:Set up 1 of the high steelframe plastic tunnel that the skylight arranged of 150 ㎡ 4-5 rice, with the canopy bottom all around the shelter from heat or light sunshade net of rate 80% of the high usefulness of 2-3 rice surround, only stay the Yishanmen turnover, the built-in dark 20cm of canopy, wide 20cm tank 2-4 bar, tank covers with the plastic cover plate of wide 40-50cm, the boring of cover plate center, aperture 35mm, spacing 10cm;
The facility sterilization method:Quicklime, caustic soda or potassium permanganate solution with mass fraction 1% thoroughly spray tank facility and ground sterilization;
Nutrient solution prescription:30g/L sucrose+1g/L urea+1g/L spends the mixed aqueous solution of precious No. two+5g/L sodium chloride, the aqueous solution that configures is poured into tank, depth of water 16cm;
Spray is cultivated and seed collection:Flower all thanks to flower bud among the shearing procedure a, the sturdy spray that seed does not scatter, training is dipped the back with the concentration 500mg/L carbendazim aqueous solution and is moved in the steelframe booth, and branch is inserted tank cover plate mesopore, 1 in every hole, spray is limbered up, fully accept illumination, keep 20-35 ℃ of temperature of shed, after water planting 3-5 days, seed maturation successively is scattered on the cover board, is collected in the cloth bag with hairbrush in batches, preserves in 5-10 ℃ refrigerator;
(2) type of seeding:After seed taken out from 5-10 ℃ of refrigerator, soak 10-12hr with 1000mg/L potassium permanganate warm water solution, skim the empty flat seed that swims in the water surface, every square metre of bed surface 0.02kg-0.05kg seed+2kg is mixed thoroughly by the mixed-matrix that ash, vermiculite, humus soil volume ratio 1:2:1 form, uniform broadcasting is broadcasted sowing thickness 0.3-0.5cm on the seedbed, cover the jig saw wood chip of 0.5-1cm then, spray permeablely, broadcast sowing " Halizan " by 30 every square metre density again; Cost little shed with bamboo chip at last, temperature keeps 20～35 ℃ in overlay film and the 80% sunshade net, little shed, 18～25 ℃ of ground temperature, relative air humidity 75%-85%, soil moisture 80%;
(3) seedling management method:When 2-3 sheet true leaf occurring in after planting 15 days, remove between seedling that will be closeer; Take progressively to take off the method for film hardening then, namely open the shed two ends earlier film 2-3 days, open both sides again film 4-5 days, just all open film at last, during taking off film, alternately spray 1 carbendazim and first frost about concentration 300mg/L in every 3-5 days and dislike mould spirit, mainly prevent and treat the harm of seedling damping off;
(4) seedling field planting method:4-6 sheet true leaf will appear after will sowing 30-35 days, root system 5-7 root, and the seedling of long 2-3cm is taken out, select strong sprout, field planting is removed in the nutritious bag of 5cm * 10cm of particle diameter 1-2mm sandy loam of table soil every bag of 1 strain installing the Blumea balsamifera Proterozoic, irrigate normal root water after the field planting, 70-80% shelters from heat or light.
A whole set of Blumea balsamifera seed seedling-raising method provided by the invention, the more existing result of study emergence rate of growing seedlings improves 2-5 doubly; Select excellent and distant hybridization by female parent simultaneously, add that damage by disease and insect prevention, control put in place, one-level seedling rate reaches more than 70%; Adopt nutritional bag, the field planting that is conducive to go up a hill is convenient to remote transportation to the protection of seedlings root, and the field planting of can in good time going up a hill at any time is not subjected to the restriction in season.This method is successfully cultivated nearly 1,000,000 strain high-quality nutritious bag seedlings at present, and planting survival rates is more than 95%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The 1 seed system of manually cultivating is ripe
(1) in April, 2011, after the honeybee pollination of every mu of raising 1-2 bucket, cultivates sturdy spray 4000 racemosus that bud withered 7-8 days.
(2) tank is cultivated Facilities Construction and is disinfected
A. spray is cultivated Facilities Construction:Set up 1 of the 150 high steelframe plastic tunnel of ㎡ 4-5 rice (skylight is arranged), with the canopy bottom all around the shelter from heat or light sunshade net of rate 80% of the high usefulness of 2-3 rice surround, only stay the Yishanmen turnover.The built-in dark 20cm of canopy, wide 20cm, length is decided tank 2-4 bar on condition.Tank covers with the plastic cover plate of wide 40-50cm, the boring of cover plate center, aperture 35mm, spacing 10cm.
B. facility sterilization:Thoroughly spray tank facility and ground sterilization with the quicklime of mass fraction 1% or caustic soda or potassium permanganate solution.
C. nutrient solution preparation:Spend precious No. two+5g/L sodium chloride concentration preparation mixed aqueous solution according to 30g/L sucrose+1g/L urea+1g/L, the aqueous solution that configures is poured into tank, depth of water 16cm.
(3) spray is cultivated and seed collection:
Prune 4000 of the sturdy sprays that bud withered 7-8 days, training is dipped in the back immigration steelframe booth with the concentration 500mg/L carbendazim aqueous solution, and branch is inserted tank cover plate mesopore, 1 in every hole, spray is limbered up, fully accept illumination, keep 20-35 ℃ of temperature of shed.After the water planting 3 days, seed maturation successively is scattered on the cover board, is collected in the cloth bag with hairbrush in batches, dries in the cool.Collect seed after 20 days, on average each spray can be collected 750-1000 of mature seeds, seed ellipse, the about 0.1g of dry seeds thousand kernel weight.To collect seed and place 5-10 ℃ of stored refrigerated.
2. sowing
(1)Sowing time: on September 10th, 2011.
(2)About 600 ㎡ of area of nursery bed.Nursery lot is ploughed deeply 40-50cm, convert suitable quantity of water with the chlorophos wetting powder of 100g content 80% and spray, make wide 1.0m then, the high ridge of high 20cm, the soil rake is thin, waters permeablely, uses plastic mulching after spraying the 2000mg/L carbendazim, and high temperature was exposed to the sun 15 days.About 300 ㎡ of seedbed area.
(3) seed treatment: after seed taken out, soak 10-12hr with 1000mg/L potassium permanganate warm water solution from refrigerator, skim the empty flat seed that swims in the water surface, obtain the about 15kg of full seed, the about 0.375g of wet kind thousand kernel weight.
(4) sowing: will disinfect seed according to every square metre of bed surface 0.05kg seed (about 1.5 ten thousand of seed)+2kg mixed-matrix (ash+vermiculite+humus soil, volume ratio 1:2:1) mixes thoroughly, uniform broadcasting is on the seedbed, broadcast sowing thickness 0.3-0.5cm, cover the jig saw wood chip of 0.5-1cm then, spray permeablely, broadcast sowing " Halizan " by 30 every square metre density again.Cost little shed with bamboo chip at last, overlay film and 80% sunshade net.Temperature keeps 25～35 ℃ in the little shed, 21～25 ℃ of ground temperature, and relative air humidity 75%-85%, soil moisture 80% checks temp. and humidity situation in the canopy every day.
3. seedling management
(1) thinning:Sow after 5 days, seed begins rudiment, and cotyledon is unearthed successively after 8-10 days, occurs 2-3 sheet true leaf in 15 days.According to statistics, the every square metre of strain more than 4000 of emerging approximately, emergence rate is more than 30%.Remove between seedling that will be closeer, more weak, every square metre keeps strain more than 3000 strong sprout.
(2) seedling hardening:After 2-3 sheet true leaf appears in seedling, need take progressively to take off the method for film hardening, namely open the shed two ends earlier film 2-3 days, film 4-5 days of opening both sides were more just all opened film at last.During taking off film, alternately sprayed 1 carbendazim and mould spirit of first frost evil about concentration 300mg/L, and mainly prevented and treated the harm of seedling damping off in every 3-5 days.The death of can wilting of the seedling of 20-30% is arranged this moment, and every square metre has strain more than 2000 to retain strong sprout.
4. seedling field planting
(1)Nursery lot is sterilized wholely: plough deeply the nursery, sow control soil insect and fungal diseases such as quicklime or lime sulfur and fenaminosulf according to conventional amount used, spraying herbicide flattens the nursery then.Several sterilization method effects are all better.
(2)Nutritious bag matrix: remove the sandy loam of table soil with the Blumea balsamifera Proterozoic, sandstone particle diameter 1-2mm, this mechanism is water conservation but also ventilative not only, and weeds and damage by disease and insect harm are less, with low cost.
(3) seedling field planting: sow after 35 days, seedling has 4-6 sheet true leaf to sprout, root system 5-7 root, and long 2-3cm begins the seedling field planting this moment.Select transplant strong sprout, every bag of 1 strain irrigates normal root water after the field planting, and 70-80% shelters from heat or light.Height of seedling reaches 2-4cm after 30 days, leading thread 2-4mm, and true leaf 6-8 sheet, main root reaches 8-12cm, reaches the transplanting stock standard of going up a hill.According to statistics, survive more than 60 ten thousand strains of bag seedling altogether, planting survival rates is more than 95%, and one-level seedling rate is more than 70%.
Embodiment 2
1. seed source:2011 and the ripe seed of the embodiment artificial system of 1 employing same procedure, 5-10 ℃ of stored refrigerated.
2. sowing
(1) sowing time: on March 5th, 2012.
(2) about 600 ㎡ of area of nursery bed.Nursery lot is ploughed deeply 40-50cm, convert suitable quantity of water with the chlorophos wetting powder of 100g content 80% and spray, make wide 1.0m then, the high ridge of high 20cm, the soil rake is thin, waters permeablely, uses plastic mulching after spraying the 2000mg/L carbendazim, and high temperature was exposed to the sun 15 days.About 300 ㎡ of seedbed area.
(3) seed treatment: after seed taken out, soak 10-12hr with 1000mg/L potassium permanganate warm water solution from refrigerator, skim the empty flat seed that swims in the water surface, obtain the about 8.5kg of full seed, the about 0.94g of wet kind thousand kernel weight.
(4) sowing: will disinfect seed according to every square metre of bed surface 0.02kg seed (about 20,000 of seed)+2kg mixed-matrix (ash+vermiculite+humus soil, volume ratio 1:2:1) mixes thoroughly, uniform broadcasting is on the seedbed, broadcast sowing thickness 0.3-0.5cm, cover the jig saw wood chip of 0.5-1cm then, spray permeablely, broadcast sowing " Halizan " by 30 every square metre density again.Cost little shed with bamboo chip at last, overlay film and 80% sunshade net.Temperature keeps 20～30 ℃ in the little shed, 18～25 ℃ of ground temperature, and relative air humidity 75%-85%, soil moisture 80% checks temp. and humidity situation in the canopy every day.
3. seedling management
(1) thinning: sow after 5 days, seed begins rudiment, and cotyledon is unearthed successively after 8-10 days, occurs 2-3 sheet true leaf in 15 days.According to statistics, the every square metre of strain more than 2000 of emerging approximately, emergence rate is more than 10%.Remove between seedling that will be closeer, more weak, every square metre keeps strain more than 1500 strong sprout.
(2) seedling hardening: after 2-3 sheet true leaf appears in seedling, take progressively to connect the method for film hardening, during taking off film, alternately sprayed 1 carbendazim and mould spirit of first frost evil about concentration 300mg/L, and mainly prevented and treated the harm of seedling damping off in every 3-5 days.The death of can wilting of the seedling of 5-10% is arranged this moment, and every square metre has strain more than 1300 to retain strong sprout.
4. seedling field planting
(1) nursery lot is sterilized wholely: plough deeply the nursery, sow lime disinfection according to conventional amount used, spraying herbicide flattens the nursery then.
(2) nutritious bag matrix: remove the native sandy loam of table, sandstone particle diameter 1-2mm with the Blumea balsamifera Proterozoic.
(3) seedling field planting: sow after 30 days, seedling has 4-6 sheet true leaf to sprout, root system 5-7 root, and long 3-5cm begins the seedling field planting this moment.Select transplant strong sprout, every bag of 1 strain irrigates normal root water after the field planting, and 70-80% shelters from heat or light.Height of seedling reaches 3-5cm after 25 days, leading thread 3-5mm, and true leaf 6-8 sheet, main root reaches 10-14cm, reaches the transplanting stock standard of going up a hill.According to statistics, survive more than 40 ten thousand strains of bag seedling altogether, planting survival rates is more than 98%, and one-level seedling rate is more than 80%.
Claims (1)
1. the seed seedling-raising method of a Blumea balsamifera is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) the artificial culture technique of seed:
The maternal concentrated field planting of the high-quality provenance of a. collection being introduced a fine variety is raised 1-2 bucket honeybee every mu of the 3-4 florescence month;
B. the ripe method of tank nutrient solution seed system:
Spray is cultivated facility:Set up 1 of the high steelframe plastic tunnel that the skylight arranged of 150 ㎡ 4-5 rice, with the canopy bottom all around the shelter from heat or light sunshade net of rate 80% of the high usefulness of 2-3 rice surround, only stay the Yishanmen turnover, the built-in dark 20cm of canopy, wide 20cm tank 2-4 bar, tank covers with the plastic cover plate of wide 40-50cm, the boring of cover plate center, aperture 35mm, spacing 10cm;
The facility sterilization method:Quicklime, caustic soda or potassium permanganate solution with mass fraction 1% thoroughly spray tank facility and ground sterilization;
Nutrient solution prescription:30g/L sucrose+1g/L urea+1g/L spends the mixed aqueous solution of precious No. two+5g/L sodium chloride, the aqueous solution that configures is poured into tank, depth of water 16cm;
Spray is cultivated and seed collection:Flower all thanks to flower bud among the shearing procedure a, the sturdy spray that seed does not scatter, training is dipped the back with the concentration 500mg/L carbendazim aqueous solution and is moved in the steelframe booth, and branch is inserted tank cover plate mesopore, 1 in every hole, spray is limbered up, fully accept illumination, keep 20-35 ℃ of temperature of shed, after water planting 3-5 days, seed maturation successively is scattered on the cover board, is collected in the cloth bag with hairbrush in batches, preserves in 5-10 ℃ refrigerator;
(2) type of seeding:After seed taken out from 5-10 ℃ of refrigerator, soak 10-12hr with 1000mg/L potassium permanganate warm water solution, skim the empty flat seed that swims in the water surface, every square metre of bed surface 0.02kg-0.05kg seed+2kg is mixed thoroughly by the mixed-matrix that ash, vermiculite, humus soil volume ratio 1:2:1 form, uniform broadcasting is broadcasted sowing thickness 0.3-0.5cm on the seedbed, cover the jig saw wood chip of 0.5-1cm then, spray permeablely, broadcast sowing " Halizan " by 30 every square metre density again; Cost little shed with bamboo chip at last, temperature keeps 20～35 ℃ in overlay film and the 80% sunshade net, little shed, 18～25 ℃ of ground temperature, relative air humidity 75%-85%, soil moisture 80%;
(3) seedling management method:When 2-3 sheet true leaf occurring in after planting 15 days, remove between seedling that will be closeer; Take progressively to take off the method for film hardening then, namely open the shed two ends earlier film 2-3 days, open both sides again film 4-5 days, just all open film at last, during taking off film, alternately spray 1 carbendazim and first frost about concentration 300mg/L in every 3-5 days and dislike mould spirit, mainly prevent and treat the harm of seedling damping off;
(4) seedling field planting method:4-6 sheet true leaf will appear after will sowing 30-35 days, root system 5-7 root, and the seedling of long 2-3cm is taken out, select strong sprout, field planting is removed in the nutritious bag of 5cm * 10cm of particle diameter 1-2mm sandy loam of table soil every bag of 1 strain installing the Blumea balsamifera Proterozoic, irrigate normal root water after the field planting, 70-80% shelters from heat or light.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104025770A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-10 | 金寨县冠友盆景园艺有限公司 | Rapid propagation and sprouting method of gingko seeds |
| CN104541862A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-29 | 云南道地药业（集团）有限公司 | Herba laggerae seed seedling culture method |
| CN107094459A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-08-29 | 镇远县醉美果业有限公司 | A kind of plum interplanting Blumea balsamifera prevents and treats the implantation methods of plum disease |
| CN112292960A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-02 | 广东省中药研究所 | Method for improving germination rate of blumea balsamifera seeds |
| CN115067158A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-20 | 广东省中药研究所 | Cultivation method of blumea balsamifera |
-
2013
- 2013-05-23 CN CN201310194066.4A patent/CN103238446B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 何元农: "艾纳香繁殖苗类型及移栽性能研究", 《贵州农业科学》 * |
| 江兴龙: "艾纳香人工栽培技术", 《林业科技开发》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104025770A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-10 | 金寨县冠友盆景园艺有限公司 | Rapid propagation and sprouting method of gingko seeds |
| CN104541862A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-29 | 云南道地药业（集团）有限公司 | Herba laggerae seed seedling culture method |
| CN107094459A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-08-29 | 镇远县醉美果业有限公司 | A kind of plum interplanting Blumea balsamifera prevents and treats the implantation methods of plum disease |
| CN112292960A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-02 | 广东省中药研究所 | Method for improving germination rate of blumea balsamifera seeds |
| CN115067158A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-20 | 广东省中药研究所 | Cultivation method of blumea balsamifera |
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