CN103229295A - 动力模块 - Google Patents

动力模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103229295A
CN103229295A CN2010800704141A CN201080070414A CN103229295A CN 103229295 A CN103229295 A CN 103229295A CN 2010800704141 A CN2010800704141 A CN 2010800704141A CN 201080070414 A CN201080070414 A CN 201080070414A CN 103229295 A CN103229295 A CN 103229295A
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China
Prior art keywords
leading part
base portion
thin plate
semiconductor element
signal lead
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Granted
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CN2010800704141A
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CN103229295B (zh
Inventor
门口卓矢
川岛崇功
奥村知巳
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Denso Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication of CN103229295A publication Critical patent/CN103229295A/zh
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Abstract

根据本发明而设定的动力模块的特征在于,具备:半导体元件;基部,其由具有导电性的材料构成,并装载有半导体元件;信号引线部,其由与基部相同的材料构成,并与半导体元件电连接;引线部,其由与基部相同的材料构成,并从基部起连续地形成,且与基部相比板厚较薄,并且相对于基部向与信号引线部相同的一侧延伸,引线部经由基部而与半导体元件的预定端子电连接,并且构成用于对该半导体元件的预定端子上的电位进行检测的电位检测用端子。

Description

动力模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种动力模块。
背景技术
一直以来,已知一种利用了如下的引线框架(异型材料引线框架)的动力模块,所述引线框架具备安装有半导体元件的岛部、经由接合线而与半导体元件电连接及机械连接的引线部、和将岛部与引线部连结为一体的连结部。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2009-141053号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
但是,在专利文献1所记载的结构中,由于悬吊引线被截断,因此在从与半导体元件的背面相连接的岛部抽出高电压的信号线时,需要将汇流条焊接在从岛部起延伸的动力引线(与IGBT的集电极侧的电极相连接的端子3b,参照专利文献1的图1)上,并通过连接器等而从该汇流条引出信号线,从而向控制基板进行连接。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种不需要从动力引线抽出信号线便能够从半导体元件抽出高电压的信号线的动力模块。
用于解决课题的方法
根据本发明的一个方面,而提供了如下的方法。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够获得不需要从动力引线抽出信号线便能够从半导体元件抽出高电压的信号线的动力模块。
附图说明
图1为表示电动汽车用驱动装置100的一个实施例的概要结构的图。
图2为简要地表示根据本发明的一个实施例(实施例1)而设定的半导体模块(动力模块)1的主要部分结构的俯视图。
图3为沿着图1的半导体模块1的各线的剖视图,(A)为沿着A-A线的剖视图,(B)为沿着B-B线的剖视图。
图4为表示根据实施例1而设定的半导体模块1与控制基板90的连接方法的一个示例的图,(A)为沿着图2的A-A线的剖视图,(B)为沿着图2的B-B线的剖视图。
图5为表示在制造半导体模块1时的、树脂模压部60的模压成形前的异型材料引线框架30的状态的图,(A)表示剖视图,(B)表示俯视图。
图6为表示本实施例1的半导体模块1的制造方法的一个实施例的主要部分的流程的图。
图7为表示根据本发明的另一个实施例(实施例2)而设定的半导体模块2的主要部分的俯视图。
图8为表示根据实施例2而设定的半导体模块2与控制基板90的连接方法的一个示例的基板剖视图。
图9为表示根据本发明的另一个实施例(实施例3)而设定的半导体模块3的主要部分的外观的立体图。
图10为表示上桥臂300A与下桥臂300B的连接方法的一个示例的、沿着图9的A-A线的剖视图。
图11为表示上桥臂300A与下桥臂300B的连接方法的另一个示例的、沿着图9的A-A线的剖视图。
图12为更加具体地表示半导体模块4与控制基板90的连接方式的一个示例的图。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图,对用于实施本发明的优选的方式进行说明。
在此,首先对如下的电动汽车用驱动装置进行说明,所述电动汽车用驱动装置只需为应用根据在下文中详细说明的本发明的一个实施例而设定的半导体模块的装置即可。
图1为表示电动汽车用驱动装置100的一个实施例的简要结构的图。电动汽车用驱动装置100为,通过利用蓄电池101的电力而对行驶用电动机104进行驱动从而驱动车辆的装置。另外,电动汽车只要为通过利用电力而对行驶用电动机104进行驱动从而行驶的汽车,则其详细的方式与结构为任意的方式与结构。典型的情况为,电动汽车包括动力源为发动机和行驶用电动机104的混合动力汽车(HV)、以及动力源仅为行驶用电动机104的电动汽车。
如图1所示,电动汽车用驱动装置100具备蓄电池101、DC/DC转换器102、逆变器103、行驶用电动机104以及控制装置105。
蓄电池101为积蓄电力而输出直流电压的任意的蓄电装置,且可以由镍氢蓄电池、锂离子蓄电池及双电荷层电容器等的电容性负载而构成。
DC/DC转换器102为双向的DC/DC转换器(可逆换流方式的升压DC/DC转换器),例如能够进行从14V向42V的升压转换、以及从42V向14V的降压转换。DC/DC转换器102包括开关元件Q1、Q2、二极管D1、D2、电抗器L1。
开关元件Q1、Q2虽然在本例中为IGBT(Insulated Gate BipolarTransistor:绝缘栅双极性晶体管),但是也可以使用如MOSFET(metal oxidesemiconductor field-effect transistor:金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)这样的其他的开关元件。
开关元件Q1、Q2被串联连接在逆变器103的正极线与负极线之间。上桥臂的开关元件Q1的集电极被连接在正极线上,下桥臂的开关元件Q2的发射极被连接在负极线上。在开关元件Q1、Q2的中间点、即开关元件Q1的发射极与开关元件Q2的集电极的连接点上,连接有电抗器L1的一端。该电抗器L1的另一端通过正极线而被连接在蓄电池101的正极上。此外,开关元件Q2的发射极通过负极线而被连接在蓄电池101的负极上。此外,在各开关元件Q1、Q2的集电极—发射极之间,以使电流从发射极侧向集电极侧流动的方式而配置有二极管(飞轮二极管)D1、D2。此外,在电抗器L1的另一端与负极线之间连接有平滑用电容器C1,在开关元件Q1的集电极与负极线之间连接有平滑用电容器C2。
逆变器103由相互并列地被配置在正极线与负极线之间的U相、V相、W相的各个桥臂而构成。U相由开关元件(在本例中为IGBT)Q3、Q4的串联连接而构成,V相由开关元件(在本例中为IGBT)Q5、Q6的串联连接而构成,W相由开关元件(在本例中为IGBT)Q7、Q8的串联连接而构成。此外,在各开关元件Q3~Q8的集电极—发射极之间,分别以使电流从发射极侧向集电极侧流动的方式配置有二极管(飞轮二极管)D3~D8。另外,逆变器103的上桥臂由各开关元件Q3、Q5、Q7和二极管D3、D5、D7构成,逆变器103的下桥臂由各开关元件Q4、Q6、Q8和二极管D4、D6、D8构成。
行驶用电动机104为三相永磁电动机,并在中点处将U、V、W相的三个线圈的一端共同连接在一起。U相线圈的另一端被连接在开关元件Q3、Q4的中间点上,V相线圈的另一端被连接在开关元件Q5、Q6的中间点上,W相线圈的另一端被连接在开关元件Q7、Q8的中间点上。
控制装置105对DC/DC转换器102及逆变器103进行控制。控制装置105例如包括CPU、ROM、主存储器等,通过将被记录在ROM等中的控制程序读出至主存储器中并通过CPU来执行,从而实现控制装置105的各种功能。但是,控制装置105的一部分或者全部也可以仅通过硬件而实现。此外,控制装置105也可以在物理上由多个装置构成。
图2为简要地表示根据本发明的一个实施例(实施例1)而设定的半导体模块(动力模块)1的主要部分结构的俯视图。图3为沿着图1的半导体模块1的各线的剖视图,(A)为沿着线A-A的剖视图,(B)为沿着线B-B的剖视图。另外,在图2及图3中,仅图示了主要部分,例如对动力引线部(后述)这样的各种配线部分等省略了图示。此外,在图2中,从易于理解的观点出发,对于树脂模压部60的内部以透视图而进行了图示(但是,省略了绝缘薄膜40和冷却板50的图示)。
半导体模块1可以为构成上述的逆变器103的构件。半导体模块1包括半导体元件10、异型材料引线框架30、绝缘薄膜40、冷却板50和树脂模压部60,以作为主要的构成要素。
另外,在图示的例中,半导体模块1构成上述的逆变器103(参照图1),半导体元件10可以为,构成在正极线与负极线之间相互并列配置的U相、V相、W相的上桥臂或下桥臂的、IGBT及二极管。另外,在此,将半导体元件10设为,构成上述的逆变器103(参照图1)的上桥臂的、一组IGBT及二极管。例如,将半导体元件10设为,上述的逆变器103(参照图1)的开关元件(IGBT)Q3以及二极管D3。
异型材料引线框架30具备厚度不同的两个部位、即厚部(基部)32和薄部34(参照图5)。典型的情况为,厚部32与薄部34的板厚之比为4:1。但是为了提高后述的散热装置功能,可以使厚部32具有薄部34的板厚的四倍以上的板厚。例如,厚部32与薄部34的板厚之比可以为6:1。
异型材料引线框架30的厚部32具备吸收并扩散热(瞬态热等)的散热装置功能。异型材料引线框架30只要为具有散热装置功能的材料则也可以由金属以外的材料构成,但是优选为,由如铜等具有优良的热扩散性的金属形成。在异型材料引线框架30的上表面上,通过焊料等而设置有半导体元件10。在图示的示例中,在异型材料引线框架30的上表面上,通过焊料层82而设置有半导体元件10。异型材料引线框架30主要吸收在半导体元件10的驱动时所产生的来自半导体元件10的热,并使之在内部扩散。
异型材料引线框架30的厚部32还与半导体元件10的背面侧的端子电导通。在本示例中,异型材料引线框架30的厚部32被连接在IGBT的集电极上。
异型材料引线框架30的薄部34构成各种配线部件和电压传感器用引线部333等。各种配线部件可以包括信号传递用的配线部件(信号引线部)322和电源线用的配线部件(动力引线部)。另外,在图2及图3中,省略了动力引线部的图示。由薄部34形成的动力引线部例如构成上述逆变器103(参照图1)的正极侧端子(输入端子)P1,并将逆变器103和蓄电池101连接在一起。另外,在下桥臂的情况下,由薄部34形成的动力引线部构成上述的逆变器103(参照图1)的U、V或W相的各端子,并将逆变器103和行驶用电动机104连接在一起。
在图3(A)中图示了信号传递用的配线部件322(以下称为信号引线部322)。信号引线部322具有针状的形态。如后文所述,信号引线部322在半导体模块1的制造过程中,从异型材料引线框架30的厚部32电分离。信号引线部322可以通过接合线(铝细线)24等而被连接在对应的半导体元件10的端子上。在本示例中,信号引线部322被连接在IGBT的栅电极等上。在图3(B)中图示了电压传感器用引线部333。电压传感器用引线部333从异型材料引线框架30的厚部32起连续地形成。因此,电压传感器用引线部333与异型材料引线框架30的厚部32为等电位,因而与IGBT的集电极为等电位。连接有电压传感器用引线部333的半导体元件10构成上述逆变器103(参照图1)的上桥臂。因此,电压传感器用引线部333能够检测出上述逆变器103的输入电压(图1的点P1的电压)。
绝缘薄膜40例如由树脂薄片构成,并且被设定为,能够在确保异型材料引线框架30的厚部32与冷却板50之间的电绝缘性的同时,实现从异型材料引线框架30的厚部32向冷却板50的较高的热传导。如图3等所示,绝缘薄膜40具有与异型材料引线框架30的厚部32的下表面相比而较大的外形。
另外,绝缘薄膜40优选为,在不使用焊料或金属膜等的条件下直接将异型材料引线框架30的厚部32与冷却板50接合在一起。由此,与使用焊料的情况相比,能够降低热电阻,并且能够简化工序。此外,在冷却板50侧,也不需要进行焊接用表面处理。例如,绝缘薄膜40由与后文所述的树脂模压部60相同的树脂材料(环氧树脂)构成,并且利用后文所述的树脂模压部60的模压时的压力及温度,而与异型材料引线框架30的厚部32及冷却板50相接合。
冷却板50由热传导性优良的材料形成,例如可以由铝等的金属形成。冷却板50在下表面侧具有散热片54。只要没有特别说明,则散热片54的数量与排列方式可以采用任意的数量和排列方式。此外,散热片54的结构(形状、高度等)也可以为任意的结构。散热片54例如也可以通过平直散热片与针状散热片的交错配置等而实现。在半导体模块1的安装状态下,散热片54与冷却水或冷却空气这样的冷却介质接触。通过这种方式,在半导体元件10驱动时所产生的来自半导体元件10的热经由异型材料引线框架30的厚部32、绝缘薄膜40以及冷却板50而从冷却板50的散热片54向冷却介质传递,从而实现了半导体元件10的冷却。
另外,散热片54既可以与冷却板50一体地形成(例如,铝压铸),也可以通过焊接等而和冷却板50一体化。此外,冷却板50也可以通过用螺栓等来将一块金属板与带有散热片的另一块金属板结合在一起而构成。
如图3等所示,树脂模压部60通过用树脂来对半导体元件10、信号引线部322等的配线部件的除端部之外的部分、电压传感器用引线部333的除端部之外的部分、异型材料引线框架30的厚部32、绝缘薄膜40以及冷却板50进行模压而形成。即,树脂模压部60为,面向冷却板50的上表面而将半导体模块1的主要构成要素(半导体元件10、信号引线部322等的配线部件的除端部之外的部分、电压传感器用引线部333的除端部之外的部分、异型材料引线框架30以及绝缘薄膜40)密封于内部的部位。另外,所使用的树脂例如可以为环氧树脂。但是,关于信号引线部322等的配线部件以及电压传感器用引线部333,与周围装置的连接用端子322a、333a以及用于将这些端子引出至预定位置为止的附属部分(以下,包括连接用端子及附属部分在内,简称为端部)从树脂模压部60中露出。另外,信号引线部322等的配线部件以及电压传感器用引线部333的各端部通过由树脂模压部60进行模压密封后的引线截断以及成形加工从而实现最终形状。对此,参照图5等而在下文中进行说明。
图4为表示控制基板90与半导体模块1的连接方法的一个示例的图,(A)为沿着图2的A-A线的剖视图(与图3(A)相对应的剖视图),(B)为沿着图2的B-B线的剖视图(与图3(B)相对应的剖视图)。
如图4(A)所示,从树脂模压部60中露出的信号引线部322的端子322a被连接在控制基板90上。控制基板90可以为构成图1中的控制装置105的构件。例如,信号引线部322的连接用端子322a穿过控制基板90的电镀通孔从而贯穿控制基板90,并通过焊料而被连接在控制基板90上。
同样,如图4(B)所示,从树脂模压部60中露出的电压传感器用引线部333的端部被连接在控制基板90上。具体而言,电压传感器用引线部333的连接用端子333a穿过控制基板90的电镀通孔从而贯穿控制基板90,并通过焊料而被连接在控制基板90上。由此,能够向控制装置105抽出表现出逆变器103的输入电压的信号线。即,能够使电压传感器用引线部333作为电压传感器(包括电压监视器)而发挥功能。控制装置105能够根据来自电压传感器用引线部333的连接用端子333a的信号(电压)来实施各种控制。例如,控制装置105可以根据来自电压传感器用引线部333的连接用端子333a的信号(电压),对逆变器103的输入电压进行监视,从而对半导体模块1是否存在异常进行监视。
如上所述,根据本实施例1,通过由异型材料引线框架30的薄部34构成电压传感器用引线部333,从而能够在不需要从动力引线部抽出信号线的条件下,从半导体元件10抽出高电压的信号线(对表示逆变器103的输入电压的信号进行传送的线)。即,因为能够以与信号引线部322相同的方式,通过焊接而将电压传感器用引线部333连接在控制基板90上,所以无需从汇流条抽出信号线,从而无需采用将信号线连接在控制基板90上的连接器。由此,既能够使控制基板90小型化,又能够实现低成本化。此外,由于电压传感器用引线部333由异型材料引线框架30的薄部34构成,因此能够减少部件个数,而且能够减少部件公差与制造公差的影响(例如,在使用其他的金属块来代替异型材料引线框架30的厚部32的结构中,将为金属块和引线部的位置精度带来与部件公差以及制造公差相对应的量的公差,从而使金属块和引线部的位置精度恶化,此外,还需要将这些构件接合在一起的工序)。此外,由于通过焊接而将电压传感器用引线部333连接在控制基板90上,由此使电压传感器用引线部333还作为加强部件而发挥功能(即,由于使控制基板90与异型材料引线框架30的接合面积增加),因此提高了耐振动性。
此外,根据本实施例1,由于异型材料引线框架30的厚部32发挥散热装置功能,因此无需为了确保所需的散热装置功能而另外设定金属块。
另外,可以由多个本实施例1的半导体模块1而构成上述的逆变器103,此时,可以在同一个控制基板90上以图4所示的形态而连接有多个半导体模块1。此时,可以仅针对多个半导体模块1中的、构成上桥臂的一个半导体模块1而设定电压传感器用引线部333。此时,在另外的半导体模块2中,相当于电压传感器用引线部333的部位可以省略,也可以以与后述的实施例2中的加强用部位335(参照后述的图7)相同的方式,作为加强用部件而发挥功能。
此外,虽然本实施例1的半导体模块1以相对于控制基板90而垂直的方式(即,以异型材料引线框架30的基本面的法线方向与控制基板90的基本面的法线方向正交的方式)被设置,但是相对于控制基板90的位置关系为任意的位置关系。例如,半导体模块1也可以被设置成,相对于控制基板90而平行。
接下来,参照图5及图6,对本实施例1的半导体模块1的制造方法的一个实施例的主要部分进行说明。
图5为表示制造半导体模块1时的、树脂模压部60模压成形前的异型材料引线框架30的状态的图,(A)表示剖视图,(B)表示俯视图。另外,在图5中,也仅图示了主要部分,对于例如动力引线部(后述)这样的各种配线部分等省略了图示。图6为表示本实施例1的半导体模块1的制造方法的一个实施例的主要部分的各阶段(A)、(B)及(C)的图。另外,虽然在图6中,(A)、(B)、(C)简要地图示了制造过程中的半导体模块1的俯视图,但是从容易理解的观点出发,以透视图的形式对树脂模压部60的内部进行了图示(但是,省略了绝缘薄膜40及冷却板50的图示)。
如图5所示,树脂模压部60的模压成形前的异型材料引线框架30具备构成信号引线部322的部位600(以下,称为信号引线构成部位600)。信号引线构成部位600通过所谓的悬吊引线602、604而被厚部32支承。即,虽然信号引线部322在半导体模块1的完成状态下没有被直接支承在厚部32上,但是信号引线构成部位600在制造半导体模块1的中途,会经由连结部605并通过悬吊引线602、604而被支承在厚部32上。
对于如图5所示的异型材料引线框架30,接下来如图6(A)所示,通过焊料等而设置有半导体元件10,并且通过接合线24而将信号引线构成部位600连接在半导体元件10上。此外,虽然未图示,但是异型材料引线框架30如上文所述,通过绝缘薄膜40而与冷却板50相结合。接下来,如图6(B)所示,执行树脂的模压成形,从而形成树脂模压部60。此时,信号引线构成部位600的一部分(端部)未被模压树脂,而是如图6(B)所示那样从树脂模压部60中露出。另一方面,信号引线构成部位600的另一端(连接有接合线24的一侧的端部)通过树脂模压部60而被密封并支承。因此,在该阶段不需要悬吊引线602、604的原来的作用(对信号引线构成部位600进行支承的作用)。因此,接下来,如图6(C)所示,去除异型材料引线框架30中不需要的部分。由此,信号引线构成部位600被形成为信号引线部322的形状。因此,信号引线部322在该阶段中不再有与异型材料引线框架30的厚部32之间的连接(经由悬吊引线604的连接)。此外,具备多个引线部的信号引线部322成为,各个引线部相对于彼此而不相连接的状态。另一方面,悬吊引线602没有被完全去除,而是被形成为电压传感器用引线部333的形状。即,在图5及图6所示的示例中,切除了悬吊引线604,而悬吊引线602仅被去除了与信号引线构成部位600之间的连结部605等。通过这种方式,该悬吊引线602被构成为,能够作为电压传感器用引线部333而进行利用。
根据以上的图5及图6所示的半导体模块1的制造方法,通过利用悬吊引线602,从而能够形成电压传感器用引线部333,其中,所述悬吊引线602具有如下的作用,即,对信号引线构成部位600进行支承,直至信号引线构成部位600相对于厚部32而被模压成形为止。
图7为,表示根据本发明的其他的实施例(实施例2)而决定的半导体模块2的主要部分的俯视图。图7以与上述实施例1的图6(C)的对比为目的,以最佳地表示出与根据上述的实施例1而设定的半导体模块1之间的不同点的方式而简要地图示了制造过程中的半导体模块2的俯视图。另外,在图7中,以与图6(C)相同的方式,从容易理解的观点出发,以透视图的形式对树脂模压部60的内部进行了图示(但是,省略了绝缘薄膜40和冷却板50的图示)。图8为,表示根据实施例2而设定的半导体模块2和控制基板90的连接方法的一个示例的基板剖视图。
如图7所示,在根据实施例2而设定的半导体模块2中,主要在电压传感器用引线部333的宽度w与信号引线部322的宽度(各引线部的宽度)相比而较宽的这一点上,与根据上述的实施例1而设定的半导体模块1有所不同。另外,在图示的示例中,图的右侧的悬吊引线604也未被切除,而是被形成为与电压传感器用引线部333为相同形状的部位335(以下,称为加强用部位335)。该加强用部位335为,如后文所述那样被设置成加强用的部位,且为任意的结构。
电压传感器用引线部333的宽度w与信号引线部322的宽度(各引线部的宽度)相比而较宽。电压传感器用引线部333的宽度w可以符合适于发挥后述的加强功能的宽度。但是,通常情况下,电压传感器用引线部333的宽度w与流动有大电流的动力引线部的宽度相比而较窄(参照图9)。
如图7所示,与根据上述的实施例1而设定的半导体模块1相同地,在根据实施例2而设定的半导体模块2中,从树脂模压部60中露出的信号引线部322的端子322a被连接在控制基板90上。控制基板90可以为构成图1的控制装置105的构件。例如,信号引线部322的连接用端子322a穿过控制基板90的电镀通孔从而贯穿控制基板90,并通过焊料而被连接在控制基板90上。
同样地,如图7所示,从树脂模压部60中露出的电压传感器用引线部333的端部被连接在控制基板90上。具体而言,电压传感器用引线部333的连接用端子333a穿过控制基板90的电镀通孔从而贯穿控制基板90,并通过焊料而被连接在控制基板90上。由此,能够向控制装置105抽出表现出逆变器103的输入电压的信号线。此外,从树脂模压部60中露出的加强用部位335的端部被连接在控制基板90上。具体而言,加强用部位335的端部穿过控制基板90的电镀通孔从而贯穿控制基板9,并通过焊料而被连接在控制基板90上。
如此,根据通过实施例2而设定的半导体模块2,因为与上述的实施例1的半导体模块1相同地,通过由异型材料引线框架30的薄部34而构成电压传感器用引线部333,从而能够将电压传感器用引线部333以与信号引线部322相同的方式通过焊接而连接在控制基板90上,所以无需从汇流条抽出信号线,从而无需采用将信号线连接在控制基板90上的连接器。由此,既能够使控制基板90小型化,又能够实现低成本化。此外,由于电压传感器用引线部333由异型材料引线框架30的薄部34而构成,因此能够减少部件个数,并且能够减少部件公差与制造公差的影响。此外,由于通过利用焊接而将电压传感器用引线部333连接在控制基板90上,从而使电压传感器用引线部333还作为加强部件而发挥功能,因此提高了耐振动性。尤其是,在本实施例2中,由于电压传感器用引线部333的宽度w被设定为,与信号引线部322相比而较宽,因此能够有效地提高耐振动性。此外,在通过焊接而将相同的加强用部位335连接在相同的控制基板90上时,能够更加有效地提高耐振动性。这些结构尤其适合于在振动剧烈的环境下使用半导体模块2的情况。这是因为,在这样的环境下,在控制基板90与信号引线部322的焊接接合部处,会由于振动和冲击的影响而使裂纹的发展加快。
此外,根据由实施例2而设定的半导体模块2,由于与根据上述的实施例1而设定的半导体模块1相同地,异型材料引线框架30的厚部32发挥散热装置功能,因此不需要为了确保必要的散热装置功能而另外设定金属块。
另外,可以由多个图7及图8所示的半导体模块2而构成上述的逆变器103,此时,可以在相同的控制基板90上以图8所示的形态而连接有多个半导体模块2。此时,可以仅针对于多个半导体模块2中的、构成上桥臂的一个半导体模块2设定电压传感器用引线部333。此时,在其他的半导体模块2中,相当于电压传感器用引线部333的部位可以省略,也可以作为加强用部位335而发挥功能。
此外,在本实施例2中,在设置有加强用部位335时,加强用部位335与电压传感器用引线部333并非必须为相同的宽度。例如,也可以将电压传感器用引线部333的宽度w设定为,与信号引线部322相比而较宽,而使加强用部位335的宽度与信号引线部322大致相同。此外,也可以与此相反,将加强用部位335的宽度设定为,与信号引线部322相比而较宽,并使电压传感器用引线部333的宽度w与信号引线部322大致相同。
此外,虽然根据实施例2而设定的半导体模块2被设为,相对于控制基板90而垂直,但是相对于控制基板90的位置关系为任意的位置关系。例如,半导体模块2可以被设为,相对于控制基板90而平行。
图9为,表示根据本发明的另一个实施例(实施例3)而设定的半导体模块3的主要部分外观的立体图。另外,在图9中,从容易理解的观点出发,以透视图的形式对树脂模压部60的内部进行了图示。
半导体模块3具有将上桥臂300A和下桥臂300B一体封装了的结构。如上所述,半导体模块3可以以任意的单位被封装。半导体模块3的上桥臂300A包括,与根据上述的实施例1或实施例2而设定的半导体模块1、2的异型材料引线框架30相关的结构。此外,半导体模块3的下桥臂300B包括如下的结构,即,除了去掉电压传感器用引线部333这一点之外,与根据上述的实施例1或实施例2而设定的半导体模块1、2的异型材料引线框架30的相关结构为相同的结构。另外,下桥臂300B利用上桥臂300A的异型材料引线框架30以外的另一个异型材料引线框架30B(参照图10)而构成。此外,上桥臂300A和下桥臂300B通过同一个树脂模压部60而被密封。
在图9所示的示例中,半导体模块3被设为,与控制基板90(用单点划线图示)平行(即,异型材料引线框架30的基本面的基本面的法线方向与控制基板90的基本面的法线方向为平行的状态)。电压传感器用引线部333朝向控制基板90弯曲并向上方延伸。另外,虽然省略了图示,但是可以以与上述的实施例1、2相同的方式,通过焊接而将电压传感器用引线部333连接在控制基板90上。
在图9所示的例中,与上述的逆变器103(参照图1)的正极侧端子(输入端子)P1相对应的动力引线部351,自半导体模块3的X方向上的一侧从树脂模压部60中露出并延伸。此外,与上述的逆变器103(参照图1)的负极侧端子P2相对应的动力引线部352,自半导体模块3的X方向上的一侧从树脂模压部60中露出并延伸。此外,上桥臂300A的信号引线部322和电压传感器用引线部333,自半导体模块3的X方向上的一侧从树脂模压部60中露出并延伸。另外,动力引线部351通过构成半导体模块3的上桥臂300A的异型材料引线框架30的薄部34而构成,动力引线部352由异型材料引线框架30以外的另一个引线框架31而构成。此外,与上述的逆变器103(参照图1)的U、V、W相的各端子相对应的动力引线部361、362、363,自半导体模块3的X方向上的另一侧从树脂模压部60中露出并延伸。此外,下桥臂300B的信号引线部322,自半导体模块3的X方向上的另一侧从树脂模压部60中露出并延伸。动力引线部361、362、363由构成下桥臂300B的异型材料引线框架30B的薄部而构成。另外,虽然在图示的示例中,与下桥臂300B的半导体元件10的发射极侧相连接的、另一个引线框架31的端子370从半导体模块3的Y方向上的一侧露出并延伸,但是端子370也可以与动力引线部361、362、363相同地,从半导体模块3的X方向上的另一侧露出并延伸。另外,虽然省略了图示,但是半导体模块3的向冷却水通道结合的结合部可以被设定在半导体模块3的Y方向上的端部侧。
图10为,表示上桥臂300A与下桥臂300B的连接方法的一个示例的、沿着图9的A-A线的剖视图。在图10中,从防止附图复杂化的观点出发,省略了绝缘薄膜40、冷却板50以及树脂模压部60的图示。
如图10所示,下桥臂300B的由异型材料引线框架30B的薄部形成的引线部342的连接部344具备,从水平方向趋向于斜下方向的弯曲部342a、和从斜下方向趋向于水平方向的弯曲部342b。引线部342的连接部344通过焊接而被连接在上桥臂300A的半导体元件10(IGBT10A、二极管10B)上。在此,当在焊接时产生了多余焊料84a的情况下,如在图10中示意性地表示那样,多余焊料84a爬上引线部342的背面从而形成焊脚。如上所述,通过像本例那样设定弯曲部342a、342b,从而能够用弯曲部342a、342b来吸收多余焊料84a。
图11为,表示上桥臂300A与下桥臂300B的连接方法的另一个示例的、沿着图9的A-A线的剖视图。在图11中,从防止附图复杂化的观点出发,省略了绝缘薄膜40、冷却板50以及树脂模压部60的图示。
如图11所示,下桥臂300B的由异型材料引线框架30B的薄部形成的引线部342的连接部344具备孔343。如图11所示,孔343被形成于将引线部342弯曲成凹状而形成的连接部344上。引线部342的连接部344通过焊接而被连接在上桥臂300A的半导体元件10(IGBT10A、二极管10B)上。更具体而言,通过在连接部344的孔343内进行焊接,从而使引线部342与上桥臂300A的半导体元件10(IGBT10A、二极管10B)相连接。在此,当在焊接时产生了多余焊料84a的情况下,如在图11中示意性地所表示的那样,多余焊料84a从孔343露出在连接部344的凹空间内。以这种方式,在本示例中,通过在引线部342上的、形成为凹状的连接部344的底部上设定孔343,从而能够吸收多余焊料84a。
如上所述,根据本实施例3的半导体模块3,在通过上述的实施例1或实施例2而获得的效果的基础上,能够额外获得如下的效果。由于上桥臂300A与下桥臂300B之间的连接通过由下桥臂300B的异型材料引线框架30B的薄部形成的引线部342而实现,因此能够减少部件个数,并且能够减少部件公差与制造公差的影响(例如,在使用其他的金属块来代替异型材料引线框架30B的厚部32B的结构中,将为金属块和引线部的位置精度带来与部件公差以及制造公差相对应的量的公差,从而使金属块和引线部的位置精度恶化,并且需要将这些构件接合在一起的工序)。此外,在本实施例3中,当采用了图10或图11所示的上桥臂300A与下桥臂300B的连接方法时,能够吸收因为公差而偏移了的多余焊料,并且能够提高焊料接合部的可靠性。此外,当采用了如图10或图11所示的上桥臂300A与下桥臂300B的连接方法时,能够实现由引线部342的弹性变形而带来的应力吸收,因此能够增加焊接接合部的寿命。
图12为,更具体地表示半导体模块4与控制基板90的连接方式的一个示例的图,(A)为半导体模块4的立体图,(B)为在半导体模块4上连接了控制基板90的状态下的该立体图,(C)为从与控制基板90和半导体模块4的双方平行的箭头A方向观察时的(B)的侧视图。
图12所示的半导体模块4可以利用根据上述的实施例1、2而设定的半导体模块1、2而构成。如图12(B)及(C)所示,半导体模块4与根据上述的实施例1、2而设定的半导体模块1、2相同地(参照图4等),被设置成相对于控制基板90而垂直。在半导体模块4中,一根电压传感器用引线部333和多个信号引线部322向控制基板90侧延伸。如图12(B)及(C)所示,一根电压传感器用引线部333和多个信号引线部322分别穿过控制基板90的电镀通孔而被连接在控制基板90上。另外,虽然省略了图示,但是电压传感器用引线部333也可以与上述的实施例1、2相同地,通过焊接而被连接在控制基板90上。
以上,虽然对本发明的优选的实施例进行了详细说明,但是本发明并不限定于上述的实施例,并且在不脱离本发明的范围的条件下,能够对上述的实施例施加各种变形及置换。
例如,虽然在上述的实施例中,电压传感器用引线部333被连接在IGBT的集电极上,但是在使用其他的开关元件的情况下,电压传感器用引线部333只需以能够检测出逆变器103的输入电压的方式而被连接在与其相对应的合适的端子上即可。例如,在开关元件为MOSFET的情况下,可以使异型材料引线框架30的厚部32被连接在MOSFET的漏极上,由此,使电压传感器用引线部333被连接在MOSFET的漏极上。
此外,虽然在上述的实施例中,电压传感器用引线部333作为对通过升压系统(DC/DC转换器102)而被升压了的逆变器103的输入电压(被升压了的电压)进行检测的电压传感器而进行利用,但是也可以为省略了DC/DC转换器102的结构。此时,电压传感器用引线部333可以作为对未被升压的逆变器103的输入电压进行检测的电压传感器而进行利用。
此外,虽然在上述的实施例3中,半导体模块3中的半导体元件10构成了U相、V相、W相的各个上桥臂及各个下桥臂的共计六个桥臂,但是被安装于半导体模块3内的桥臂数为任意个数。在将半导体模块3具体化为例如用于驱动两个行驶用电动机的逆变器时,半导体元件10可以构成第一行驶用电动机用的U相、V相、W相的各个上桥臂及各个下桥臂、以及第二行驶用电动机用的U相、V相、W相的各个上桥臂及各个下桥臂。此外,对于一个桥臂,可以以并列的方式安装多个半导体元件10。总之,只要对上桥臂应用与根据上述的实施例1或实施例2而设定的半导体模块1、2的异型材料引线框架30相关的结构即可。
此外,半导体模块1也可以包括其他结构(例如,行驶用电动机驱动用的DC/DC升压转换器的元件的一部分),而且半导体模块1可以在包括半导体元件10的同时包括其他的元件(电容器、电抗器等)。此外,半导体模块1并不被限定于构成逆变器的半导体模块。此外,半导体模块1并不限定于车辆用的逆变器,也可以作为在其他用途(铁路、空调、电梯、冰箱等)中使用的逆变器来实现。这一点对于上述的实施例2、3而言也相同。
符号说明
1、2、3、4 半导体模块;
10   半导体元件;
10A  IGBT;
10B  二极管;
24   接合线;
30   异型材料引线框架;
30B  异型材料引线框架;
32   厚部;
34   薄部;
40   绝缘薄膜;
50   冷却板;
54   散热片;
60   树脂模压部;
82   焊料层;
84a  多余焊料;
90   控制基板;
100  电动汽车用驱动装置;
101  蓄电池;
102  DC/DC转换器;
103  逆变器;
104  行驶用电动机;
105  控制装置;
300A 上桥臂;
300B 下桥臂;
322  信号引线部;
322a 连接用端子;
333  电压传感器用引线部;
333a 连接用端子;
335  加强用部位;
342  引线部;
342a、342b  弯曲部;
343 孔;
344 连接部;
351、352 动力引线部;
361、362、363 动力引线部;
600 信号引线构成部位;
602、604 悬吊引线;
605 连结部。

Claims (12)

1.一种动力模块,其特征在于,具备:
半导体元件;
基部,其由具有导电性的材料构成,并装载有所述半导体元件;
信号引线部,其由与所述基部相同的材料构成,并与所述半导体元件电连接;
薄板引线部,其由与所述基部相同的材料构成,并从所述基部起连续地形成,且与所述基部相比板厚较薄,并且相对于所述基部向与所述信号引线部相同的一侧延伸,
所述薄板引线部经由所述基部而与所述半导体元件的预定端子电连接,并且构成用于对该半导体元件的预定端子上的电位进行检测的电位检测用端子。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力模块,其中,
所述薄板引线部作为电压传感器而发挥功能。
3.如权利要求1所述的动力模块,其中,
所述薄板引线部与所述信号引线部相比宽度较宽。
4.如权利要求1所述的动力模块,其中,
具备树脂模压部,所述树脂模压部被设置成,对所述半导体元件、所述基部、所述薄板引线部中除端部以外的部分、以及所述信号引线部中除端部以外的部分进行覆盖,
所述薄板引线部的端部以及所述信号引线部的端部从所述树脂模压部中露出,
所述薄板引线部的端部以及所述信号引线部的端部被连接在用于对该动力模块进行控制的控制基板上。
5.如权利要求4所述的动力模块,其中,
所述薄板引线部的端部被焊接在所述控制基板上。
6.如权利要求5所述的动力模块,其中,
还具备另外的薄板引线部,所述另外的薄板引线部由与所述基部相同的材料构成,并与所述基部一体地形成,且与所述基部相比板厚较薄,并且从所述基部起连续地延伸,
所述另外的引线部以使所述信号引线部在所述薄板引线部与所述另外的薄板引线部之间延伸的形态而延伸,
所述另外的薄板引线部的端部从所述树脂模压部中露出,
所述另外的薄板引线部的端部被焊接在所述控制基板上。
7.如权利要求1所述的动力模块,其中,
所述半导体元件为绝缘栅双极性晶体管,
所述预定端子为集电极端子。
8.如权利要求1所述的动力模块,其中,
还具备动力引线部,所述动力引线部由与所述基部相同的材料构成,并从所述基部起连续地形成,且与所述基部相比板厚较薄,所述动力引线部用于将所述半导体元件的预定端子连接在电源的正极侧。
9.如权利要求8所述的动力模块,其中,
所述动力引线部相对于所述基部向与所述信号引线部相同的一侧延伸,
所述动力引线部的端部从所述树脂模压部中露出,
所述薄板引线部与所述动力引线部相比宽度较窄。
10.如权利要求1所述的动力模块,其中,
在所述基部以外不具有散热装置部。
11.如权利要求1至5中的任意一项所述的动力模块,其中,
所述基部、所述薄板引线部及所述信号引线部由具有厚度不同的薄部和厚部的异型材料引线框架形成,
所述基部由所述厚部形成,所述薄板引线部以及所述信号引线部由所述薄部形成。
12.如权利要求1所述的动力模块,其中,
所述动力模块具备第一桥臂部和第二桥臂部,
所述半导体元件、所述基部、所述信号引线部及所述薄板引线部构成所述第一桥臂部,
所述第二桥臂部具备:
第二半导体元件;
第二基部,其由具有导电性的材料构成,并装载有所述第二半导体元件;
第二薄板引线部,其由与所述第二基部相同的材料构成,并从所述第二基部起连续地形成,且与所述第二基部相比板厚较薄,
所述第二桥臂部的第二薄板引线部具有经由弯曲部而延伸的连接部、或者形成有孔的连接部,该连接部位被焊接在所述第一桥臂部的半导体元件上。
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US20130235636A1 (en) 2013-09-12
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