CN103210070B - 润滑脂组合物 - Google Patents

润滑脂组合物 Download PDF

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CN103210070B
CN103210070B CN201180050808.5A CN201180050808A CN103210070B CN 103210070 B CN103210070 B CN 103210070B CN 201180050808 A CN201180050808 A CN 201180050808A CN 103210070 B CN103210070 B CN 103210070B
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今井裕
相田亮
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Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种润滑脂组合物,其含有(A)基础油、(B)下述式(1)所示的增稠剂及(C)烯基琥珀酸酐及/或有机磺酸锌;所述(A)基础油是合成烃油和倾点为-35℃以下的高精制矿物油的质量比为100∶0~30∶70的调和油;R1-NHCONH-R2-NHCONH-R3(1)式中,R2表示碳原子数6~15的2价的芳香族烃基,R1及R3为相同或不同的基团,表示环己基或碳原子数8~18的直链或支链烷基,{[(所述烷基的摩尔数)/(所述烷基的摩尔数+环己基的摩尔数)]×100}=30~100%。本发明的润滑脂组合物的低扭矩性及防锈性优异。

Description

润滑脂组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车的电装或辅机用滚动轴承的润滑脂组合物。
背景技术
作为用于汽车的电装或辅机用滚动轴承的润滑脂,主要从耐热性的观点考虑,多使用二脲润滑脂。在二脲润滑脂中,特别是由于高温耐久性而多使用芳香族二脲。
然而,芳香族二脲与芳香族二脲以外的二脲化合物相比,为了得到相同的硬度的润滑脂,需要大量地配合。其结果,润滑脂的搅拌阻力升高,无法满足低扭矩性。
作为使用芳香族二脲以外的增稠剂的例子,在专利文献1中提出有一种润滑脂,其特征在于,在含有超过50质量%的量的醚系合成油的基础油中含有凝胶化剂作为必需成分,其中的凝胶化剂由下述通式:
R2-NHCONH-R1-NHCONH-R3
所示的二脲化合物的至少一种构成,式中,R1表示碳原子数6~15的2价的芳香族烃基,R2及R3为相同或者不同的基团,表示环己基、碳原子数7~12的环己基衍生物基团或碳原子数8~20的烷基。且该凝胶化剂中环己基或其衍生物基团的含有率{[(环己基或其衍生物基团数)/(环己基或其衍生物基团数+烷基数)]×100}为50~100%。
但是,作为基础油的苯醚油的倾点为-30℃左右,一定不满足低温性,因此,低温时的扭矩高。
作为使用芳香族二脲以外的增稠剂的其它的例子,在专利文献2中,提出有一种润滑脂组合物,其特征在于,在含有酯系合成油的基础油中含有下述通式:
R1-NHCONH-R2-NHCONH-R3
所示的增稠剂作为必需成分,式中,R2表示碳原子数6~15的2价的芳香族烃基。R1及R3为相同或不同的基团,表示环己基或碳原子数8~22的烷基,环己基的含有率{[(环己基数)/(环己基数+烷基数)]×100}为60~95%。
但是,酯系合成油从外部混入水分时而会水解,有可能因生成的酸成分而导致生成锈,从该方面考虑,不优选。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平6-17079号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2008-239706号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明解决的课题在于,提供一种低扭矩性及防锈性优异的润滑脂组合物。
用于解决课题的手段
如上所述,为了确保低扭矩性,需要尽可能减少作为润滑脂的搅拌阻力的主要原因的增稠剂的量,但若过度减少,则存在如下问题:无法得到目标硬度,另外,受到剪切时的稠度变化大且润滑脂软化,因此,从轴承向外部泄漏。
在本发明中,通过含有基础油中的30质量%以上的倾点低的合成烃油,确保低温时的低扭矩性。在并用合成烃油以外的其它基础油的情况下,使用倾点低的高精制矿物油。
作为增稠剂,通过单独使用脂肪族二脲或并用脂肪族二脲和脂环式二脲,即使增稠剂量少量也可以制成适度硬度的润滑脂组合物。
如上所述,本发明人等通过选择并组合特定的基础油、增稠剂及防锈剂,解决了上述课题。即,根据本发明,提供以下的润滑脂组合物。
1.一种润滑脂组合物,其特征在于,含有(A)基础油、(B)增稠剂及(C)烯基琥珀酸酐及/或有机磺酸锌;其中,所述(A)基础油是合成烃油和倾点为-35℃以下的高精制矿物油的质量比为100∶0~30∶70的调和油;(B)增稠剂是下述式(1)所示的增稠剂,
R1-NHCONH-R2-NHCONH-R3    (1)
式中,R2表示碳原子数6~15的2价的芳香族烃基,R1及R3为相同或不同的基团,表示环己基或碳原子数8~18的直链或支链烷基,{[(所述烷基的摩尔数)/(所述烷基的摩尔数+环己基的摩尔数)]×100}=30~100%。
2.根据上述1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,基础油在40℃时的运动粘度为80~150mm2/s。
3.根据上述1或2所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,合成烃油含有40℃时的运动粘度为300mm2/s以上的合成烃油。
4.根据上述1~3中任一项所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,润滑脂组合物中的增稠剂的含量为10~20质量%。
5.根据上述1~4中任一项所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,所述润滑脂组合物用于滚动轴承。
6.根据上述5所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,滚动轴承为汽车的电装或辅机用滚动轴承。
发明效果
本发明的润滑脂组合物由于在宽温度范围中低扭矩性优异,因此,可有助于燃耗率提高带来的CO2削减。本发明的润滑脂组合物的防锈性优异。本发明的润滑脂组合物的耐蒸发性也优异。
具体实施方式
(A)基础油
在本发明中使用的基础油为合成烃油和倾点为-35℃以下的高精制矿物油的调和油。合成烃油和倾点为-35℃以下的高精制矿物油的质量比为100∶0~30∶70。若基础油中的合成烃油的比例为30质量%以上,则可以满足低温时的低扭矩性。
作为合成烃油,可以举出:聚-α-烯烃、聚丁烯、乙烯-α-烯烃低聚物等。其中,优选聚-α-烯烃。
本发明中使用高精制矿物油是指通过脱蜡处理降低低温时的蜡成分的析出,由此,降低倾点使其比未精制的矿物油的倾点(-5℃~-20℃程度)低的矿物油。通过含有倾点为-35℃以下的高精制矿物油,可以不对低温时的低扭矩性造成不良影响地进行使用。另外,耐蒸发性也可以没有问题地进行使用。
40℃时的基础油的运动粘度优选为80~150mm2/s。更优选为85~140mm2/s,进一步优选为90~130mm2/s。若40℃时的基础油的运动粘度比150mm2/s高,则润滑脂的粘性变高,不能满足低扭矩性。另一方面,若40℃时的基础油的运动粘度比80mm2/s低,则虽然满足低扭矩性,但耐蒸发性差,故不优选。
合成烃油优选含有40℃时的运动粘度为300mm2/s以上的合成烃油。由此,可以满足低温时的低扭矩性,同时不牺牲耐蒸发性地将基础油运动粘度设定为规定的范围。
高精制矿物油优选含有40℃时的运动粘度为80~130mm2/s的矿物油,更优选80~110的矿物油。由此,能够满足低扭矩性。耐蒸发性也提高。
合成烃油的倾点优选为-35℃以下。由此,可以满足低温时的低扭矩性。
作为可与合成烃油并用的其它的基础油,可以举出:二酯油、聚醇酯所代表的酯系合成油,烷基二苯醚所代表的醚系合成油,聚丙二醇所代表的聚二醇系合成油,硅酮系合成油、氟系合成油。但是,如上所述,酯系合成油有可能在从外部混入水分时发生水解,从该方面考虑,不优选。另外,醚系合成油的倾点高达-30℃左右,低温时的扭矩高。聚二醇系合成油、硅酮系合成油、氟系合成油的润滑性不足且高价。
(B)增稠剂
通常,作为用于润滑脂组合物的增稠剂,可以举出:含有Li或Na等的金属皂类、膨润土、硅胶、二脲化合物、聚四氟乙烯所代表的氟系增稠剂等非皂类。但是,金属皂类的耐热性,即高温下的轴承润滑寿命无法令人满意,膨润土、硅胶的耐水性差,氟素系增稠剂虽然耐热性令人满意,但非常高价,缺乏通用性。
因此,本发明的润滑脂组合物使用上述式(1)所示的增稠剂。
若式(1)中的烷基的含有率,即[(烷基的摩尔数)/(烷基的摩尔数+环己基的摩尔数)]×100为30~100%,若烷基的含有率低于30%,则增稠剂量变多,低扭矩性变差,故不优选。
从低扭矩性的观点考虑,本发明的润滑脂组合物中的(B)增稠剂的量优选为10~20质量%,更优选为12~17质量%。
(C)防锈剂
本发明的润滑脂组合物含有有机磺酸锌及/或烯基琥珀酸酐作为防锈剂。即使在从外部混入水分的情况下,这些防锈剂也有使水分分散的效果。
有机磺酸锌为具有作为亲油基的有机基团的磺酸的锌盐。作为磺酸,有如通过润滑油馏分中的芳香族烃成分、石油高沸点馏分的磺化而得到的石油磺酸、二壬基萘磺酸及重质烷基苯磺酸之类的合成磺酸等。
优选下述通式(2)所示的有机磺酸锌。
[R4-SO3]2Zn  (2)
式中,R4表示烷基、烯基、烷基萘基、二烷基萘基、烷基苯基及石油高沸点馏分残基。所述烷基或烯基为直链或支链,碳原子数为2~22。
具体而言,可以举出:二辛基萘磺酸锌、二壬基萘磺酸锌、二癸基萘磺酸锌、石油磺酸锌、高碱性烷基苯磺酸锌等。其中,最优选二壬基萘磺酸锌。
作为烯基琥珀酸酐,可优选使用具有碳原子数6~18的烯基的烯基琥珀酸酐。特别优选具有碳原子数10~15的烯基的烯基琥珀酸酐。
从确保盐水可混入的环境下的防锈性的观点考虑,本发明的润滑脂组合物中的(C)防锈剂的量优选为0.1~3质量%,更优选为0.5~2质量%。
本发明的润滑脂组合物可根据需要含有润滑脂组合物中通常使用的添加剂。作为例子,可以举出:胺系、酚系所代表的抗氧化剂,亚硝酸钠等无机钝化剂,胺系、羧酸盐所代表的防锈剂,苯并三唑所代表的金属防蚀剂,脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、磷酸酯所代表的油性剂,磷系、硫系、有机金属系所代表的耐磨剂、极压剂,氧化金属盐、二硫化钼所代表的固体润滑剂等。
本发明的润滑脂组合物可用作滚动轴承,特别是汽车电装或辅机用滚动轴承。作为汽车电装或辅机用滚动轴承,可以举出:汽车空调用电磁离合器、中间轮、导轮、张紧轮、交流发电机、水泵等中所使用的轴承。特别是在高温下使用的情况下,由于润滑脂组合物氧化劣化,因此,抗氧化剂与单独使用胺系、酚系相比,优选并用。
实施例
试验润滑脂
使用表1所示的(A)基础油、表2所示的(B)增稠剂及表3所示的(C)防锈剂,制备表4所示的配合量的实施例及比较例的润滑脂组合物。具体而言,在基础油中使二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和规定的胺反应,用基础油稀释以使混和稠度(试验方法JIS K2220 7.)为240~280,在其中添加添加剂,由此制备实施例及比较例的润滑脂组合物。另外,40℃时的基础油的运动粘度依据JIS K2220 23.进行测定。
表1
(A)基础油
合成烃油A:40℃的运动粘度为70.2mm2/s、倾点为-55℃的聚-α-烯烃
合成烃油B:40℃的运动粘度为395mm2/s、倾点为-35℃的聚-α-烯烃
矿物油C:40℃的运动粘度为91.0mm2/s、倾点为-35℃的高精制矿物油
矿物油C:40℃的运动粘度为96.6mm2/s、倾点为-15℃的矿物油
表2
(B)增稠剂
表3
(C)防锈剂
防锈剂a 二壬基萘磺酸锌
防锈剂b 烯基琥珀酸酐(烯基的碳原子数12)
防锈剂c 山梨醇酐三油酸酯
试验方法
1.低扭矩性
低扭矩性依据JIS K2220 18.中规定的低温扭矩试验进行。
轴承形式:6204
试验温度:25℃及-30℃
转数:1rpm
测量项目:旋转扭矩(旋转10分钟的最后的15秒中的平均扭矩)
评价基准
旋转扭矩(25℃)  低于40mNm:合格(○)
                40mNm以上:不合格(×)
旋转扭矩(-30℃) 低于200mNm:合格(○)
                200mNm以上:不合格(×)
2.防锈性
防锈性依据ASTM D1743-73中规定的轴承防锈试验进行。
轴承形式:HR32304J
试验条件:52℃、48h、0.1%盐水
测量项目:确认锈的产生状态
#1…没有锈錆
#2…点锈3个以内
#3…比#2差
评价基准 轴承防锈 #1:合格(○)
                  #2及#3:不合格(×)
3.综合评价
·旋转扭矩(25℃)、旋转扭矩(-30℃)、轴承防锈均合格:合格(○)
·旋转扭矩(25℃)、旋转扭矩(-30℃)、轴承防锈即使为一个也不合格:不合格(×)
表4
实施例1~6的低扭矩性、防锈性均在合格基准内。
对此,合成烃油为30质量%以下的比较例1的低扭矩性不合格。另外,含有不是高精制矿物油的矿物油的比较例2、3的低扭矩性也不合格。烷基的含有率为30%以下的比较例4、5的低扭矩性不合格。
作为防锈剂,添加山梨醇酐三油酸酯代替烯基琥珀酸酐或有机磺酸锌的比较例6、未添加的比较例7的防锈性不合格。
由以上的结果可知,本发明的润滑脂组合物的低扭矩性及防锈性均优异。

Claims (4)

1.一种润滑脂组合物在作为汽车的电装或辅机用滚动轴承中的应用,其特征在于,含有(A)基础油、(B)下述式(1)所示的增稠剂及(C)烯基琥珀酸酐;
所述(A)基础油是合成烃油和倾点为-35℃以下的高精制矿物油的质量比为100∶0~30∶70的调和油;
R1-NHCONH-R2-NHCONH-R3           (1)
式中,R2表示碳原子数6~15的2价的芳香族烃基,R1及R3为相同或不同的基团,表示环己基或碳原子数8~18的直链或支链烷基,{[(所述烷基的摩尔数)/(所述烷基的摩尔数+环己基的摩尔数)]×100}=30~100%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,基础油在40℃时的运动粘度为80~150mm2/s。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其中,合成烃油含有40℃时的运动粘度为300mm2/s以上的合成烃油。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的应用,其中,润滑脂组合物中的增稠剂的含量为10~20质量%。
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