CN103154563B - 减振机构 - Google Patents

减振机构 Download PDF

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CN103154563B
CN103154563B CN201180043560.XA CN201180043560A CN103154563B CN 103154563 B CN103154563 B CN 103154563B CN 201180043560 A CN201180043560 A CN 201180043560A CN 103154563 B CN103154563 B CN 103154563B
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CN103154563A (zh
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绪方达也
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Daishowa Seiki Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/08—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/002—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor with vibration damping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/007—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor for internal turning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/02—Boring bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/02—Boring bars
    • B23B29/022—Boring bars with vibration reducing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/14—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using masses freely rotating with the system, i.e. uninvolved in transmitting driveline torque, e.g. rotative dynamic dampers
    • F16F15/1407—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using masses freely rotating with the system, i.e. uninvolved in transmitting driveline torque, e.g. rotative dynamic dampers the rotation being limited with respect to the driving means
    • F16F15/1414—Masses driven by elastic elements
    • F16F15/1435—Elastomeric springs, i.e. made of plastic or rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/32—Correcting- or balancing-weights or equivalent means for balancing rotating bodies, e.g. vehicle wheels
    • F16F15/322—Correcting- or balancing-weights or equivalent means for balancing rotating bodies, e.g. vehicle wheels the rotating body being a shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/04—Friction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/76—Tool-carrier with vibration-damping means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304312—Milling with means to dampen vibration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304424—Means for internal milling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/309352—Cutter spindle or spindle support
    • Y10T409/309408—Cutter spindle or spindle support with cutter holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/30952—Milling with cutter holder

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
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Abstract

提供一种能够减少减振用的配重的制作成本变高的担忧和轴部的强度下降的担忧，并且增大振动能量的吸收量的减振机构。减振机构在轴部(1)的内部所形成的圆筒状的中空部(6)中容置有配重构件(14)，该配重构件(14)在围绕中空部的轴心的周向上被分割成多个，该减振机构具有施力构件(16)，该施力构件(16)以使相邻的配重构件的分割面(15)彼此面接触的方式朝向轴心施力。

Description

减振机构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种减振机构，该减振机构在工具保持架等的轴部的内部形成的圆筒状的中空部中，以与所述中空部的轴心成同心状的方式容置有减振用的配重（weight）。
背景技术
在金属的切削加工中，由于将在前端侧固定有切削用的刃部的工具保持架以悬臂状态安装于工作机器，所以在通过使工具保持架旋转来切削金属的切削加工中，存在若工具保持架产生所谓颤振则会导致加工精度下降的问题。
上述减振机构响应在切削加工中产生的颤振，使容置于中空部的减振用的配重振动来消除颤振，同时吸收颤振的能量来抑制该颤振，从而能够提高加工精度。
现有的减振机构构成为能够通过容置于中空部的减振用的一个配重与中空部内表面之间的摩擦、碰撞，吸收颤振的能量（例如，参照专利文献1）。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特表2003-521381号公报
发明内容
因此，振动能量的吸收量为与减振用的配重的重量对应的量，为了增大振动能量的吸收量，需要将重量大的配重容置于中空部。
在将重量大的减振用的配重容置于中空部的情况下，若容置比重大但价格昂贵的超硬合金制或重金属制的配重，则有可能导致减振用的配重的制作成本变高。另外，若容置比重小但价格低廉的金属制的配重，则有可能导致中空部大型化，工具保持架的强度下降。
本发明是鉴于上述实际情况而提出的，本发明的目的在于，提供一种能够减少减振用的配重的制作成本变高的担忧和轴部的强度下降的担忧，并且增大振动能量的吸收量的减振机构。
本发明的减振机构的第一特征结构在于，在轴部的内部所形成的圆筒状的中空部容置有配重构件，所述配重构件在围绕所述中空部的轴心的周向上被分割成多个；该减振机构具有施力构件，所述施力构件以使相邻的配重构件的分割面彼此面接触的方式朝向所述轴心施力。
本结构的减振机构在形成于轴部的内部的圆筒状的中空部容置有被分割成多个的配重构件。
因此，由于伴随轴部的颤振，能够使相邻的配重构件的分割面彼此滑动，所以能够吸收振动能量，转化为分割面彼此之间的摩擦能量、冲撞能量。
另外，由于在围绕中空部的轴心的周向上被分割成多个的配重构件容置于中空部，所以能够使配重构件的分割面沿着轴部径向彼此滑动，从而能够有效地减小在轴部径向上产生的颤振。
由于还具有朝向中空部的轴心施力以使相邻的配重构件的分割面彼此面接触而的施力构件，所以能够对分割面彼此的滑动积极地施加阻力，使分割面彼此之间的摩擦能量增大，从而能够进一步增大振动能量的吸收量。
因此，采用本结构的减振机构，能够减少减振用的配重的制作成本变高的担忧和轴部的强度下降的担忧，并且增大振动能量的吸收量。
本发明的第二特征结构在于，所述施力构件为环状的弹性构件，被夹入配置在多个所述配重构件的外周面与所述中空部的内周面之间。
采用本结构，能够对多个配重构件施力，使多个配重构件一律且简单地向轴心一侧移动。
本发明的第三特征结构在于，具有限制构件，所述限制构件用于限制多个所述配重构件向远离所述轴心一侧移动的位移量。
由于采用本结构，限制多个配重构件向远离轴心一侧移动的位移量，所以易于迅速地使伴随轴部的振动而向远离轴心一侧位移的配重构件向接近轴心一侧还原位移，从而能够使轴部的旋转稳定，并且能够提高通过分割面彼此的滑动吸收振动能量的吸收效果。
附图说明
图1是设置有减振机构的工具保持架的纵向剖视图。
图2是图1的II－II线的剖视图。
图3是减振机构的立体图。
图4是表示第二实施方式的减振机构的纵向剖视图。
图5是图4的V－V线的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面，基于附图，对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
〔第一实施方式〕
图1、图2表示本发明的设置有减振机构2的工具保持架（轴部的一个例子）1。
减振机构2安装于钢制的工具保持架1的内部，该工具保持架1具有横向剖面形状为圆形并且与旋转轴心X同心的外周部。
工具保持架1一体具有工具安装用的轴部主体1a和用于与工作机器的旋转轴（图中省略）连接的锥部1b，轴部主体1a与锥部1b成同心状，利用与锥部1b连接的旋转轴来驱动旋转该工具保持架1。
在轴部主体1a的前端部分形成有工具头3的安装孔4，如图1中的假想线所示，固定有具有切削用刃部的不重磨刀片（Throw away chip）5的工具头3以止脱状态固定于安装孔4。
在轴部主体1a的内部形成有中空部6，该中空部6与工具保持架1的旋转轴心X同心并且横向剖面形状为圆形，在该中空部6内安装有减振机构2。
中空部6利用塞构件8划分朝向轴部主体1a的前端一侧开口并且横向剖面形状为圆形的轴孔7，该塞构件8与轴孔7的内周面螺合，轴孔7形成在塞构件8的锥部1b一侧。
轴孔7的塞构件8的前端侧形成安装孔4。
在工具保持架1的轴部主体1a和锥部1b上与旋转轴心X同心地形成有冷却液供给路9，该冷却液供给路9用于经由安装孔4将切削油等的冷却液供给至工具头3。
在冷却液供给路9连接有与旋转轴心X同心并且贯穿中空部6的冷却液管10。冷却液管10与形成于塞构件8的贯穿孔8a连接，从而与安装孔4连通。
减振机构2构成为以如下的方式容置对WC（碳化钨：Tungsten carbide）等进行了烧结的超硬合金制的减振用的配重11，即，该配重11与旋转轴心X成同心状，并且该配重11与冷却液管10的外周面及中空部6的内周面分别间隔间隙12a、12b。
由于在冷却液管10与冷却液供给路9的连接部及冷却液管10与塞构件8的贯穿孔8a的连接部分别安装有弹性O形圈13，所以不用担心冷却液等的液体进入到减振用的配重11与冷却液管10的外周面及减振用的配重11与中空部6的内周面之间的间隙12a、12b，能够防止减振效果下降。
如图2、图3所示，在围绕旋转轴心X的周向上，减振用的配重11等间隔地分割成横向剖面形状为扇形的多个配重构件14，这些配重构件14呈圆筒状地排列在冷却液管10的周围，并容置于中空部6。
此外，塞构件8牢固地螺入减振用的配重11的一侧，给各配重构件14施加沿着旋转轴心X的方向的压缩力。
在旋转轴心X的方向的两端部具有施力构件16，该施力构件16以在将多个配重构件14排列成圆筒状来容置于中空部6的状态下相邻的配重构件14的分割面15彼此面接触的方式进行施力，使得相邻的配重构件14的分割面15伴随工具保持架1的颤振而彼此剧烈地(重负荷)滑动。
施力构件16由环状的作为弹性构件的弹性O形圈构成，且施力构件16夹入配置在多个配重构件14的外周面与中空部6的内周面之间。
〔第二实施方式〕
图4、图5表示本发明的减振机构的另一个实施方式。
本实施方式的减振机构在分割成多个配重构件14的减振用的配重11的旋转轴心X的方向上的中央位置安装有限制构件17，该限制构件17限制多个配重构件14向远离旋转轴心X的一侧移动的位移量。
限制构件17由具有比中空部6的内径小的内径和比中空部6的内径大的外径的金属制的环构成，使限制构件17的外周侧进入到形成于中空部6的内周面的周槽18，以不向配重构件14的一侧脱落的方式来安装该限制构件17。
其它的结构与第一实施方式相同。
〔其它的实施方式〕
1．本发明的减振机构的在围绕中空部的轴心的周向上等间隔分割成多个的配重构件，还可以在中空部的轴心的方向上进一步分割成多个。
在该情况下，由于伴随轴部的颤振，能够使在中空部的轴心的方向上相邻的配重构件的分割面彼此滑动，所以能够吸收振动能量，转化为分割面彼此之间的摩擦能量、冲撞能量。
另外，由于若在各配重构件的外周面与中空部的内周面之间插入配置环状的弹性构件，则能够对各配重构件进行施力，以使各配重构件向中空部的轴心一侧移动，所以能够减小轴部的转动惯量，使轴部顺利地旋转，从而能够防止减振效果下降。
2．本发明的减振机构不限于将在围绕中空部的轴心的周向上以等间隔被分割成多个的配重构件容置于中空部的结构，还可以为将以非等间隔被分割成多个的配重构件容置于中空部的结构。
3．就本发明的减振机构而言，除了在围绕中空部的轴心的周向上被分割成多个的配重构件以外，还可以将在中空部的轴心的方向上被分割成多个的配重构件容置在中空部的例如在轴心方向上的两端部侧或者一端部侧。
4．本发明的减振机构，还可以在除了工具保持架以外的轴部所形成的中空部中容置在围绕该中空部的轴心的周向上被分割成多个的配重构件。
5．本发明的减振机构的轴部可以不为旋转体，中空部的芯与轴部的芯可以不一致。
工业上的可利用性
本发明能够广泛地应用在形成于工具保持架等进行振动的构件的轴部的中空部。

Claims (3)

1.一种减振机构，其特征在于，
在轴部的内部所形成的圆筒状的中空部中容置有配重构件，所述配重构件在围绕所述中空部的轴心的周向上被分割成多个，
该减振机构具有施力构件，所述施力构件被夹入配置在多个所述配重构件的外周面与所述中空部的内周面之间，以使相邻的配重构件的分割面彼此面接触的方式朝向所述轴心施力。
2.如权利要求1所述的减振机构，其特征在于，所述施力构件为环状的弹性构件。
3.如权利要求1或者2所述的减振机构，其特征在于，该减振机构具有限制构件，所述限制构件用于限制多个所述配重构件向远离所述轴心一侧移动的位移量。
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