CN103080173A - 甲硅烷基封端的聚合物 - Google Patents
甲硅烷基封端的聚合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103080173A CN103080173A CN2011800421170A CN201180042117A CN103080173A CN 103080173 A CN103080173 A CN 103080173A CN 2011800421170 A CN2011800421170 A CN 2011800421170A CN 201180042117 A CN201180042117 A CN 201180042117A CN 103080173 A CN103080173 A CN 103080173A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- approximately
- polymkeric substance
- polyvalent alcohol
- hydrosilylation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- -1 polytetramethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012675 alcoholic extract Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PKTOVQRKCNPVKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(methyl)silicon Chemical compound CO[Si](C)OC PKTOVQRKCNPVKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PISLZQACAJMAIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethyl-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(CC)=C1N PISLZQACAJMAIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- GAURFLBIDLSLQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(methyl)silicon Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)OCC GAURFLBIDLSLQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQKZEKVKJUIRGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound OCC(C)OCC=C BQKZEKVKJUIRGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IBOFVQJTBBUKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline) Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C(Cl)=C1 IBOFVQJTBBUKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NFVPEIKDMMISQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NFVPEIKDMMISQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SZTOPCQGHONLJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C1=C(C(=O)O)C(=CC(=C1C(=O)O)C)CC Chemical compound C(C)C1=C(C(=O)O)C(=CC(=C1C(=O)O)C)CC SZTOPCQGHONLJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HGWMRAZZDPSNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxysilyloxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)O[Si](C)(C)C HGWMRAZZDPSNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CIQDYIQMZXESRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 CIQDYIQMZXESRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 3
- FOYHNROGBXVLLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diethylaniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1N FOYHNROGBXVLLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003707 silyl modified polymer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WTFAGPBUAGFMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-aminopropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(N)COCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)N WTFAGPBUAGFMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn]CCCC AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 8
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HXTDAUGEZTYMGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-nitrosochromen-2-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C=CC2=CC(N=O)=CC=C21 HXTDAUGEZTYMGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 101001015936 Homo sapiens Probable rRNA-processing protein EBP2 Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102100032223 Probable rRNA-processing protein EBP2 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 5
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明的实施方式提供了包括一种可交联硅烷封端聚合物的组合物,该聚合物在每个分子上具有至少一个可交联的甲硅烷基。该可交联硅烷封端聚合物包含至少一种异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物和标称官能度至少为2的多元醇的反应产物,其中该多元醇为聚碳酸酯多元醇、基于天然油的多元醇、聚氧亚烷基胺、双官能芳香族胺、聚丁基氧化物聚醚多元醇和聚丁二醇中的至少一种。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求2010年6月30日提交的美国临时专利申请61/359,992的权利,并且其在此全部引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明的实施方式涉及甲硅烷基改性的聚合物和生产其的方法。
发明背景
含可交联甲硅烷基的聚氧化烯聚合物作为原料聚合物广泛用于建筑或工业用途的密封材料、粘合剂、涂布材料等。该含可交联甲硅烷基聚合物可以根据以下多种方法生产,例如经由Williamson醚合成的乙烯基封端聚醚的氢化硅烷化,由异氰酸酯封端的预聚物聚醚的氨基硅烷反应,或由羟基封端的预聚物聚醚的异氰酸基硅烷反应。然而,一些方法(特别是由异氰酸酯封端的预聚物聚醚的氨基硅烷反应和由羟基封端的预聚物聚醚的异氰酸基硅烷反应)可以导致产物具有高的粘度,在产物配制期间需要大量的稀释溶剂。此外,Williamson醚合成可产生作为副产物的盐,由于可能需要除去该盐,因此增加处理步骤。
因此,需要使用非典型(non-typical)聚醚多元醇制备含可交联甲硅烷基的聚合物。
发明概述
本发明的实施方式提供了使用非典型聚醚多元醇制备的可交联甲硅烷基聚合物。
在一种实施方式中,存在一种包含可交联硅烷封端的聚合物的组合物,该聚合物在每个分子中具有至少一个可交联甲硅烷基。该可交联硅烷封端聚合物包含至少一种标称官能度至少为2的多元醇和异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物的反应产物,其中该多元醇为聚碳酸酯多元醇、基于天然油的多元醇、聚氧亚烷基胺、双官能芳香族胺、聚丁基氧化物聚醚多元醇和聚丁二醇中的至少一种。该异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物包含至少一种异氰酸酯和氢化硅烷化聚合物在约100至约250的异氰酸酯指数下反应的反应产物。该氢化硅烷化聚合物包含氢化硅烷化效率(由1H-NMR测定)为至少约70%的氢化硅烷化反应的反应产物,并且该聚合物包含以下至少一种a)和b)的反应,a)在每个分子上具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物,其数均分子量在约100至约5000之间,b)在每个分子上具有氢硅键和可交联甲硅烷基的化合物。
在本发明的另一种实施方式中,存在一种生产如下组合物的方法,该组合物包含在每个分子中具有至少一个可交联甲硅烷基的可交联硅烷封端的聚合物。该方法包括:提供一种聚合物,其在每个分子上均具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基,并且数均分子量在约100至约5000之间;在该聚合物中加入一种在每个分子上均具有氢硅键和可交联甲硅烷基的化合物以及氢化硅烷化催化剂从而进行氢化硅烷化反应以形成包含氢化硅烷化聚氧化烯聚合物的组合物,其中该氢化硅烷化反应的氢化硅烷化效率至少为约70%,其通过1H-NMR测定;通过将该氢化硅烷化聚合物暴露于至少一种异氰酸酯指数在约100至约250之间的异氰酸酯,使氢化硅烷化聚氧化烯聚合物封端从而形成包含异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物的组合物;和使该异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物与标称官能度至少为2的多元醇反应从而形成包含可交联硅烷封端的聚合物组合物,其中该多元醇包含聚碳酸酯多元醇、基于天然油的多元醇、聚氧亚烷基胺、双官能芳香族胺、聚丁基氧化物聚醚多元醇和聚丁二醇中的至少一种。
本发明实施方式的说明
本发明的实施方式提供了使用多种多元醇制备的甲硅烷基封端的聚合物(STP)以及生产其的方法。在本发明的实施方式中,STP可以通过在每个分子中具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物的氢化硅烷化获得。然后,通过将氢化硅烷化聚合物暴露至至少一种异氰酸酯中可以将该氢化硅烷化聚合物封端,从而形成包括异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物的组合物。然后,将该异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物与标称官能度至少为2的多元醇反应从而形成STP。
对于该具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物没有特殊限定,其可以包括任意聚合物,只要它们包括至少一个不饱和基(例如碳-碳双键或碳-碳三键)和至少一个醇羟基即可。
在每个分子上均具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物可以具有的数均分子量在约100至约5000之间。此处包括并公开了从100至5000的全部单个数值以及子范围;例如,数均分子量可以独立地从下限100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800、900、1000、1250、1500或1750到上限1000、1250、1500、1750、2000、2500、3000、3500、4000、4500或5000。
在一种实施方式中,每个分子中具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物可以是2010年5月27日提交、名称为“含可交联甲硅烷基聚氧化烯聚合物的生产方法”的未决的美国临时专利申请61/348996(其全部内容此处引入作为参考)公开的聚氧化烯聚合物。
在一种实施方式中,该在每个分子中具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物可以通过以下方式制备,即在催化剂存在下,使用含有不饱和基和活性氢的化合物作为聚合引发剂,将环氧化合物进行开环聚合。使用催化剂进行聚合反应的催化作用可以是阴离子的或阳离子的,催化剂可以是例如KOH、CsOH、三氟化硼或双氰化物络合物(DMC)催化剂,例如六氰钴酸锌或者季鏻鎓(quaternary phosphazenium)化合物。可以用作聚合引发剂的含活性氢化合物没有限制,但是可以是适用于与双金属氰化物络合物结合的任何化合物,例如包括醇羟基、酚羟基或羧基的化合物。
所述含醇羟基的化合物可以包括烯丙醇、甲代烯丙醇、三羟甲基丙烷单烯丙醚、三羟甲基丙烷二烯丙基醚、丙三醇单烯丙醚、丙三醇二烯丙基醚;其环氧乙烷加成物或环氧丙烷加成物和每个分子中包含至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的类似化合物;羟基封端烃化合物例如羟基封端聚丁二烯等。该用作聚合引发剂的含活性氢化合物可以单独使用或多种组合使用。
可以用于开环聚合的单环氧化物可以包括没有不饱和基的单环氧化物例如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、环氧异丁烷、表氯醇和氧化苯乙烯;以及含不饱和基单环氧化物例如烯丙基缩水甘油醚、甲代烯丙基缩水甘油醚、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、一氧化丁二烯和环戊二烯一氧化物。这些可以单独使用或多种组合使用。
在一种实施方式中,该在每个分子中具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物可以是丙二醇单烯丙醚,其数均分子量在约600至约100之间,羟值在约50至约90之间。
在氢化硅烷化催化剂的存在下,可以通过聚合物与具有氢硅键和可交联甲硅烷基的化合物反应,氢化硅烷化该在每个分子上具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物。
可以用如下所示的通式(I)代表在每个分子中具有氢硅键和可交联甲硅烷基的化合物:
H-(Si(R1 2-b)(Xb)OmSi(R2 3-a)Xa (I)
其中R1和R2是相同或不同的,每个代表包含1至20个碳原子的烷基,包含6至20个碳原子的芳基或包含7至20个碳原子的芳烷基或由R3 3SiO–代表的三有机基甲硅烷氧基,当存在多个R1或R2基团时,它们可以是相同或不同的;R3是包含1至20个碳原子的一价烃基,并且所述三个R3基可以是相同或不同的;X代表羟基或可水解基团,当存在两个或更多个X基团时,它们可以互相相同或不同;a代表0、1、2或3,b代表0、1或2;–Si R1 2-b)(Xb)O–基团的m中b可以是相同或不同的;m代表整数0至19,条件是应该满足关系a+Σb≥1。
X代表的可水解基可以是本领域已知的任何可水解基,例如卤原子和烷氧基、酰氧基、酮肟、氨基、酰氨基、酰胺基、氨氧基、巯基和链烯氧基。其中,考虑到它们的温和水解性能和容易处理,优选烷氧基例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基和异丙氧基。一至三个该可水解基可以键连至一个硅原子,总和(a+Σb)优选是1至5。当存在两个或更多个可水解基时,它们互相或彼此可以是相同或不同的。可交联甲硅烷基中硅原子的数量可以是约1至30。
在一些实施方式中,上述通式(I)代表的在每个分子中具有氢硅键和可交联甲硅烷基的化合物可以包括通式(II)代表的化合物:
H-Si(R4 3-c)(Xc)
其中R4代表包含1至20个碳原子的烷基、包含6至20个碳原子的芳基或包含7至20个碳原子的芳烷基或由R3 3SiO–代表的三有机基甲硅烷氧基,当存在多个R4基时,它们可以是相同或不同的;R3是包含1至20个碳原子的一价烃基,三个R3基可以彼此相同或不同;X代表羟基或可水解基团,当存在两个或更多个X基时,它们互相或彼此可以是相同或不同的;c代表1、2或3。
至于每个分子中具有氢硅键和可交联甲硅烷基的化合物的具体实例,可以提到卤代硅烷例如三氯硅烷、甲基二氯硅烷、二甲基氯硅烷、苯基二氯硅烷、三甲基甲硅烷氧基甲基氯代硅烷和1,1,3,3-四甲基-1-溴代二硅氧烷;烷氧基硅烷例如三甲氧硅烷、三乙氧基甲硅烷、甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基二甲氧基硅烷、苯基二甲氧基硅烷、三甲基甲硅烷氧基甲基甲氧基硅烷和三甲基甲硅烷氧基二乙氧基硅烷;酰氧基硅烷例如甲基双乙酰氧基硅烷、苯基二乙酰氧基硅烷、三乙酰氧基甲硅烷、三甲基甲硅烷氧基甲基乙酸基硅烷和三甲基甲硅烷氧基二乙酰氧基硅烷;酮肟硅烷例如二(二甲基酮肟基)甲基硅烷、二(环已基酮肟基)甲基硅烷、二(二乙基酮肟基)三甲基甲硅烷氧基硅烷、二(甲乙基酮肟基)甲基硅烷和三(丙酮肟基)硅烷;烯氧基硅烷例如甲基异丙烯氧基硅烷;等。从反应性温和和容易处理方面考虑,其中优选烷氧基硅烷例如甲基二甲氧基硅烷、三甲氧硅烷、甲基二乙氧基硅烷和三乙氧基硅烷;和卤代硅烷例如三氯硅烷和甲基二氯硅烷。
在以氢化硅烷化的方式与不饱和基团反应后,通过本领域已知的合适方法与含有活性氢的化合物例如羧酸、肟、酰胺或羟胺或酮衍生的碱金属烯醇盐反应,卤代硅烷中的卤原子可以转化为其他的可水解基团。
氢化硅烷化催化剂可以是任何金属络合物,其中金属选自VIII过渡金属例如铂、铑、钴、钯和镍。从氢化硅烷化反应性的观点考虑,优选H2PtCl6.6H2O,铂-二乙烯基硅氧烷络合物,铂-烯烃络合物,铂金属,RhCl(PPh3)3,RhCl3,Rh/Al2O3,RuCl3,IrCl3,FeCl3,AlCl3,PdCl2.2H2O,NiCl2,TiCl4等,更优选H2PtCl6.6H2O,铂-乙烯基硅氧烷络合物和铂-烯烃络合物,特别优选铂-乙烯基硅氧烷络合物和铂-烯烃络合物。铂-乙烯基硅氧烷络合物概括起来说是指从含分子内乙烯基硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷或环硅氧烷作为配体配位到铂原子得到的化合物。至于所述配体的典型实例,可以是1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二乙烯基硅氧烷等。铂-烯烃络合物中烯烃配体的具体实例可以是1,5-已二烯、1,7-辛二烯、1,9-癸二烯、1,11-十二烷二烯和1,5-环辛二烯。上述具体配体中,考虑到氢化硅烷化反应性,优选1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二乙烯基硅氧烷和1,9-癸二烯。用于本发明实践的氢化硅烷化催化剂可以单独使用或多种组合使用。
使用的氢化硅烷化催化剂的量没有特别限制,但是通常是0.00001至1重量份,优选0.00005至0.05重量份,更加优选0.0001至0.01重量份,基于催化剂中金属的重量,每100重量份每个分子中具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚氧化烯聚合物。如果所述量小于0.00001重量份,在有些情况下可能无法获得任何足够的反应活性,超过1重量份的量可能是经济不利的或在某些情况中可导致聚合物变色。
在上述反应中,基本上不需要使用溶剂。然而,为了均匀溶解所述催化剂和/或基质,控制反应体系温度和/或用于便于添加基质和/或催化剂组分,可以使用溶剂。适用于这些用途的溶剂包括但是不局限于烃类化合物例如己烷、环己烷、乙基环己烷、庚烷、辛烷、十二烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和十二烷基苯;卤代烃化合物例如三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、氯苯和邻二氯苯;和醚例如乙醚、四氢呋喃和乙二醇二甲醚。可以用于聚氧化烯聚合物的增塑剂的那些增塑剂,例如酞酸酯和聚醚也可以用作反应溶剂。这些可以单独使用或多种组合使用。
所述氢化硅烷化反应温度没有特别限制,但是可以例如是0℃至150℃,或20℃至100℃。在低于0℃时,一些实例中反应速率可能较低,在高于150℃时,某些实例中可能发生包括羟基、氢硅键和/或可交联甲硅烷基的副反应。在一种实施方式中,所述氢化硅烷化反应温度为约60℃。
在本发明的实施方式中,对该在每个分子中具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物进行氢化硅烷化,其氢化硅烷化效率至少为约70%,例如约70%至约100%。此处包括和公开从约70至约100的全部单个数值和子范围;例如氢化硅烷化效率可以独立地从下限约70、75、80、90或92%到上限约80、85、90、92、94、95、96、98、99或100%。这包括氢化硅烷化效率为80至95%的氢化硅烷化不饱和聚亚烷基氧化物聚合物,进一步包括氢化硅烷化效率85至95%封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物。此处使用的“氢化硅烷化效率”=[100x((氢化硅烷化多元醇上的不饱和基团数)/(多元醇上最初氢化硅烷化有效不饱和基团总数)],可以使用1H-NMR测量。
上述方法产生的在每个分子中具有至少一个可交联甲硅烷基和至少一个羟基的氢化硅烷化聚合物(以下简称“氢化硅烷化聚合物”)可以与水或大气水分反应,得到交联固化产物,因此可用作建筑或工业用途密封剂、粘合剂、涂层和类似材料的原料或原料中间体。然而,在每个分子中具有至少一个可交联甲硅烷基和至少一个羟基的聚合物的高残留羟基百分率可以使用多异氰酸酯化合物封端。
可用于本发明实施方式的实践中的封端剂中,多异氰酸酯化合物,即每个分子中具有两个或更多个异氰酸基的化合物包括但是不局限于脂肪族、环脂族、芳脂族和芳香族异氰酸酯。
合适的芳香族异氰酸酯实例包括二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的4,4'-、2,4'和2,2'-异构体、其共混物和聚合和单体MDI共混物、甲苯-2,4-和2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、间亚苯基二异氰酸酯和对亚苯基二异氰酸酯、氯代亚苯基-2,4-二异氰酸酯、二亚苯基-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二异氰酸酯-3,3'-二甲基二苯基、3-甲基二苯甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯和二苯醚二异氰酸酯和2,4,6-三异氰酸基甲苯和2,4,4'-三异氰酸基二苯基醚。
可以使用异氰酸酯的混合物,例如可商购的甲苯二异氰酸酯的2,4-和2,6-异构体的混合物。未加工的多异氰酸酯也可以用于本发明实施方式的实践,例如通过光气化甲苯二胺混合物得到的未加工的甲苯异氰酸酯或通过光气化未加工的亚甲基二苯胺得到的未加工的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯。还可以使用TDI/MDI共混物。
脂肪族多异氰酸酯的实例包括亚乙基二异氰酸酯、1,6-己撑二异氰酸酯、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、环己烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二环己甲烷二异氰酸酯、1,3-双(异氰酸基甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(异氰酸基甲基)环己烷、上述芳香族异氰酸酯的饱和同系物,和其混合物。
偶联反应可以在异氰酸酯指数在约100至约250下进行。此处包括和公开100至250的全部单个数值和子范围;例如,该异氰酸酯指数可以独立地从下限100、105、110、125、140、150、160、170、175、180、190、200、225到上限150、175、200、225、或250。在一些实施方式中,该指数可以在约160至约200之间,在约140至约170之间,或在约150至约180之间。
在本发明实施方式的实践中,当氢化硅烷化聚合物与偶联剂例如每个分子中具有两个或更多个异氰酸基的化合物反应时,并不总是需要使用催化剂。然而为了提高反应速率或改进转化率,可以使用催化剂。用于进行多异氰酸酯化合物的偶联反应的催化剂包括但是不局限于例如Polyurethanes:Chemistry and Technology第I部分,表30,第4章,Saunders andFrisch,Interscience Publishers,New York,1963年中提及的催化剂。
因为具有高活性,优选可用于使用多异氰酸酯化合物进行偶联反应的氨基甲酸酯形成反应催化剂是锡催化剂例如辛酸亚锡、硬脂酸亚锡、二辛酸二丁基锡、二油烯基马来酸二丁基锡、二丁基马来酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁锡、1,1,3,3-四丁基-1,3-二月桂基氧基羰基二锡氧烷、二乙酸二丁基锡、二乙酰基丙酮酸二丁基锡、二丁基锡双(邻苯基酚盐)、二丁基锡氧化物、二丁基锡双(三乙氧基硅酸盐)、二硬脂酸二丁锡、二丁基锡双(异壬基3-巯基丙酸酯)、双二丁基锡(异辛基硫代羟乙酸盐)、二辛基锡氧化物、二月桂酸二辛基锡、二辛基锡双乙酸酯和二碳酸二辛基锡(dioctyltin diversatate)。此外,优选使用对可交联甲硅烷基低活性的催化剂,因此,特别优选含硫原子的锡催化剂,例如二丁基锡双(异壬基3-巯基丙酸酯)和二丁基锡双(异辛基硫代羟乙酸盐)。
该异氰酸酯封端的聚合物可以与标称官能度至少为2的多元醇偶合,从而形成最终甲硅烷基封端的聚合物。该多元醇可以是聚碳酸酯多元醇、基于天然油的多元醇、聚氧亚烷基胺、双官能芳香族胺、聚丁基氧化物聚醚多元醇、聚丁二醇(PTMEG或聚四氢呋喃)中的至少一种,或其组合。
合适的聚碳酸酯多元醇没有特别限制,其可以包括任何现有技术已知的聚碳酸酯多元醇,例如公开于美国专利5,621,065;6,767,986;6,818,784;和7,238,825以及未决的美国临时专利申请61/324,076中的那些,这些专利文献的内容在此全部引入作为参考。通常,可以加入酯交换催化剂,使二烷基碳酸酯例如二甲基碳酸酯与二醇组分反应,该二醇可以是脂肪族二醇或脂肪族二醇的混合物,或脂肪族二醇与内酯的混合物。该反应可以在大气压或高压例如3至6巴的压力下,以及在50至200℃,优选100至200℃的温度下进行。可以将二烷基碳酸酯连续引入反应混合物的液相中,可以通过蒸馏连续除去反应混合物中的醇例如使用二甲基碳酸酯时的甲醇。聚碳酸酯多元醇是可商购于例如Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation的DURANOL,Perstop Chemicals的OXYMER,和Arch Chemicals的POLY CD。
基于天然油的多元醇(NOBP)是基于或衍生自可再生原料资源例如天然植物菜籽油的多元醇。该可再生的原料资源还可以包括转基因的(GMO)植物菜籽油和/或动物源脂肪。该油和/或脂肪通常包括甘油三酯,也就是与丙三醇连接的脂肪酸。优选的植物油是在甘油三酯中具有至少约70%不饱和脂肪酸的植物油。优选天然产品包含至少约85重量%的不饱和脂肪酸。优选的植物油实例包括例如蓖麻、大豆、橄榄、花生、油菜籽、玉米、芝麻、棉纱、canola、红花、亚麻籽、棕榈、葡萄籽、黑色葛缕子、南瓜仁、琉璃苣籽、木材胚芽、杏仁(apricot kernel)、阿月浑子、杏仁(almond)、昆士兰果、鳄梨、沙棘、大麻纤维、榛子、夜来香、蔷薇、蓟、胡桃、向日葵、麻风树属籽油或其组合。动物产品的实例包括猪油、牛脂、鱼油和其混合物。另外,也可以使用从生物体得到的油。还可以使用蔬菜、藻类和动物基油类/脂肪的组合。
为了用于生产聚氨酯产品,可以将天然材料改性以得到材料的异氰酸酯反应性基团或以提高材料上的异氰酸酯反应性基团的数量。优选该反应性基团是羟基。
可以通过多步方法获得改性天然油衍生多元醇,其中对动物或植物油/脂肪进行酯交换和回收组分脂肪酸。该步骤之后通过加氢甲酰化成分脂肪酸中的碳-碳双键,随后还原形成羟甲基。合适的加氢甲酰化/还原法例如公开于美国专利4,731,486、4,633,021和7,615,658。此处羟甲基化脂肪酸或其酯标记为形成基于天然油的多元醇构成嵌段之一的“单体”。所述单体可以是单一种类的羟甲基化脂肪酸和/或羟甲基化脂肪酸甲酯,例如羟甲基化油酸或其甲基酯,羟甲基化亚油酸或其甲基酯、羟甲基化亚麻酸或其甲基酯、α-和γ-亚麻酸或其甲酯、肉豆蔻脑酸或其甲酯、棕榈油酸或其甲酯、油酸或其甲酯、11-十八碳烯酸或其甲酯、岩芹酸或其甲酯、鳕烯酸或其甲酯、芥酸或其甲酯、神经酸或其甲酯、十八碳四烯酸或其甲酯、花生四烯酸或其甲酯、二十碳五烯酸或其甲酯、鲶鱼酸或其甲酯、cervonic酸或其甲酯、或羟甲基化蓖麻醇酸或其甲基酯。在一种实施方式中,所述单体是氢甲基化油酸甲酯(methyloelate)。可替代地,所述单体可以是从动物或植物油/脂肪经酯交换方法中回收的脂肪酸混合物的加氢甲酰化产物,以形成羟甲基化脂肪酸或其甲酯。在一种实施方式中,所述单体是羟甲基化大豆脂肪酸或其甲酯,其可以具有约0.9至约1.1每脂肪酸的平均OH官能度,优选所述官能度是约1。在另一种实施方式中,所述单体是蓖麻子脂肪酸。在另一种实施方式中,所述单体可以是选择羟甲基化脂肪酸或其甲基酯的混合物。
可替代地,所述NOBP包含某些多元醇,其包含基于甲基9-(10)-羟基硬脂酸甲酯(MHMS多元醇)的基体单元(mer unit)。本发明实施方式可以包括具有相对高含量的甲基9(10)羟甲基硬脂酸酯(以下简称“MHMS”)的NOBP。该NOBP可以包含基于脂肪酸的基体单元,其中至少约50重量%、至少约60重量%、至少约70重量%、至少约80重量%、至少约85重量%、至少约90或至少约95重量%基于脂肪酸的基体单元来自甲基9(10)羟甲基硬脂酸酯。通过购买、直接合成或从天然油类合成甲基羟甲基硬脂酸酯(CAS登记号346706-54-5)。合成方法包括本领域技术人员已知的,例如Behr,Arno;Fiene,Martin;Buss,Christian;Eilbracht,Peter,公开的用伯胺和仲胺将脂肪酸进行氢氨基甲基化-感兴趣的表面活性剂基材的新方法。European Journal of LipidScience and Technology(2000),102(7),467-471;或DeWitt,Elmer J.;Ramp,Floyd L.;Backderf,Richard H.羟甲基硬脂酸聚酯共聚物,美国专利3210325(1965)。
可替代地,例如利用碱例如氢氧化钠皂化天然油,其产生脂肪酸,包括皂化油酸。然后用本领域技术人员已知的方法纯化或精制脂肪酸,例如采用转膜蒸发器、蒸馏装置、模拟移动床(SMB)等,或其组合,以获得得到的提纯油中至少约80重量%油酸,优选至少约85重量%,更优选至少约90重量%,最优选至少约95重量%油酸。
然后用任何有效方法例如本领域已知方法从得到的脂肪酸形成烷基酯,以产生脂肪酸的羟基烷基酯。例如,可以如上所述方法通过氢甲酰化引入羟甲基团。
可替代地,通过用低级链烷醇对包含油酸或纯化油酸的种子油进行酯交换获得脂肪酸酯原料。酯交换产生低级链烷醇脂肪酸酯的相应混合物。优选,所述低级醇具有1至约15个碳原子。所述醇链段中碳原子任选直链排列或支化结构排列,并且任选惰性取代。所述醇可以是直链或支化C1-8链烷醇,或C1-4链烷醇。在一些实施方式中,所述低级链烷醇选自甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇。
可以适当地采用任何已知酯交换方法,条件是获得所述低级链烷醇的酯产物。现有技术充分公开了种子油的酯交换(例如甲醇分解、乙醇分解);例如,WO2001/012581、DE19908978和BR953081。通常,该方法中,所述低级链烷醇在约30℃至约100℃之间的温度接触碱金属优选钠,以制备相应金属醇盐。然后,将所述植物油加入所述醇盐混合物,并在约30℃至约100℃之间的温度加热得到的反应混合物,直至发生酯交换。
可替代地,从具有低于所需油酸酯含量的植物油产生脂肪酸的羟甲基化物酯,并用本领域熟练技术人员已知方式纯化得到的羟甲基化脂肪酸酯,以包含所需水平的油酸羟甲基酯。该方法包括2008年6月20日提交的未决申请“羰基化和氢化脂肪族烷基酯组合物的纯化”,申请号PCT/US08/67585,公开号WO2009/009271中公开的内容,此处按照法律允许的程度并入其内容作为参考。可替代地,从纯化化学试剂的反应制备多元醇,例如油酸与一氧化碳通过加氢甲酰化反应,随后氢化产生羟甲基硬脂酸甲酯,随后形成多元醇。
至少一种NOBP可以是通过将羟甲基化物单体与合适的引发剂化合物反应以形成聚酯或聚醚/聚酯多元醇得到的多元醇。该多步方法是本领域普遍知道的,例如公开于PCT公开号WO2004/096882和2004/096883。该多步方法导致产生具有疏水性和亲水性两部分的多元醇,其导致与水和常规石油基多元醇增强的溶混性。
用于生产天然油衍生多元醇的多步方法中的引发剂可以是用于生产常规石油基多元醇的任何引发剂。该引发剂可以选自新戊二醇;1,2-丙二醇;三羟甲基丙烷;季戊四醇;山梨醇;蔗糖;丙三醇;氨基醇例如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺;链烷二醇例如1,6-己二醇、1,4-丁二醇;1,4-环己烷二醇;1,3-环己烷二甲醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、2,5-己二醇;乙二醇;二甘醇、三甘醇;双-3-氨基丙基甲胺;乙二胺;二亚乙基三胺;9(1)-羟甲基十八碳醇、1,4-双羟甲基环己烷;8,8-二(羟甲基)三环[5,2,1,02,6]癸烯;Dimerol醇(36碳二醇,可以从Henkel Corporation获得);氢化双酚;9,9(10,10)-双羟基甲基十八碳醇;1,2,6-己三醇和其组合物。在一种实施方式中,所述引发剂是1,3-环己烷二甲醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇的混合物,并且可以商品名UNOXOL从TheDow Chemical Company商购,其是(顺,反)1,3-环己烷二甲醇和(顺,反)1,4-环己烷二甲醇的大约1:1混合物。其它引发剂包括其它含胺的线型和环状化合物。示例性多胺引发剂包括乙二胺、新戊基二胺、1,6-二氨基己烷;双氨基甲基三环癸烷;双氨基环己烷;二亚乙基三胺;双-3-氨基丙基甲胺;三亚乙基四胺;甲苯二胺的多种异构体;二苯甲烷二胺;N-甲基-1,2-乙烷二胺、N-甲基-1,3-丙二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,3-二氨基丙烷、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、3,3’-二氨基-N-甲基二丙胺、N,N-二甲基二亚丙基三胺、氨基丙基咪唑。
在一种实施方式中,所述引发剂是用环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、或乙烯和至少一种其它氧化烯的混合物进行烷氧基本化,以得到烷氧基化引发剂,分子量为约200至约6000。
所述聚氧亚烷基胺可以用以下通式定义H2NCH(CH3)CH2O(CH2CH(R)O)nCH2CH(CH3)NH2,,其中每个CH2CH(R)O单元中R是H,形成环氧乙烷单元,或是CH3,形成环氧丙烷单元,n可以是约1至约70。在一个实例中,n是1至2,R是CH3。一种这样的合适的可商购的聚氧亚烷基二胺是JEFFAMINE D-230,可以从Huntsman International LLC获得。另一个实例中,n是4至5,R是CH3。一种这样的合适的可商购的聚氧亚烷基二胺是JEFFAMINE D-400。另一个实例中,n是约32,R是CH3。一种这样的合适的可商购的二胺是JEFFAMINE D-2000。另一个实例中,n是约67,R是CH3。一种这样的合适的可商购的二胺是JEFFAMINE D-4000。又一个实例中,n是约41,R是H。一种这样的合适的可商购的二胺是JEFFAMINEXTJ-502。另一个实例中,n是2,R是H。一种这样的合适的可商购聚氧亚烷基二胺是JEFFAMINEXTJ-511。
所述聚氧亚烷基胺可以是聚氧亚烷基三胺,并可以是基于环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷或环氧丁烷或其混合物的,并且可以通过与三醇引发剂例如丙三醇或三羟甲基丙烷反应,随后胺化末端羟基制备。该聚氧亚烷基三胺的实例是JEFFAMINE T-403、JEFFAMINE T-5000和JEFFAMINE XTJ-509。
合适的芳族二胺包括4,4'-亚甲基双2-氯苯胺、2,2',3,3'-四氯-4,4'-二氨基苯基甲烷、p,p'-亚甲基二苯胺、对苯二胺或4,4'-二氨基联苯;和2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚、2,4-二乙基-6-甲基-1,3-苯二胺、4,4'-亚甲基二(2,6-二乙基苯胺)、二甲基硫代甲苯二胺(DMTDA)例如来自Albermarle Corporation的E-300(3,5-二甲基硫-2,6-甲苯二胺和3,5-二甲基硫-2,4-甲苯二胺的混合物)、二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA)例如得自Albermarle的E-100Ethacure(3,5-二乙基甲苯-2,4-二胺和3,5-二乙基甲苯-2,6-二胺的混合物)。芳香二胺具有比脂肪族或环脂族二胺提供更硬(即具有更高门尼粘度)产物的倾向。芳族二胺可以单独使用或以混合物的形式使用。
可以通过用于生产NOBP的相同引发剂的环氧丁烷烷氧基化作用,利用DMC催化剂制备合适的聚二丁醚聚醚多醇,如美国专利5,482,908中所述的。在一种实施方式中,所述引发剂是390MW丙二醇均聚物。
合适的聚丁二醇(PTMEG)可从Invista以商品名TERATHANE商购,或以商品名POLYTHF从BASF商购,并可以通过酸催化聚合四氢呋喃制备。
根据本发明实施方式,得到的甲硅烷基封端聚合物可以尤其用于互相反应,以进一步延长分子链用于诸如密封剂、粘合剂和涂层以及其组合。当甲硅烷基聚合物暴露至水分时,例如来自环境的水分,键连至硅原子的可水解基团水解,被硅键连的羟基取代。羟基进而互相反应或与其它可水解基团反应,形成硅氧烷(Si-O-Si)键。通过该方法本发明实施方式的组合物的聚合物分子键连形成不熔性弹性体材料。为了防止过早固化,本发明实施方式的组合物可以储存并保持没有水分,直至需要固化。如果需要固化,所述聚合物可以暴露至大气或其它水分。
此外,可以通过使用硅醇缩合催化剂或固化促进剂进行固化甲硅烷基聚合物的反应。硅醇缩合催化剂或促进剂是本领域已知的,例如公开于US6355127,包括下列:钛酸酯,例如四丁基钛酸酯,四丙基钛酸酯等;有机锡化合物,例如二月桂酸二丁锡、马来酸二丁锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、辛酸锡、环烷酸锡、二丁基锡氧化物和苯二甲酸酯的反应产物、双乙酰丙酮酸二烷基锡,例如二(乙酰基丙酮酸)二丁基锡;二烃基锡氧化物,例如氧化二丁锡;有机铝化合物,例如三乙酰基丙酮酸铝、三乙基丙酮酸铝等;反应产物,例如铋盐和有机羧酸,例如三(2-乙基己酸)铋、三(新癸酸)铋等;螯合物,例如四乙酰基丙酮酸锆、四乙酰基丙酮酸钛等;胺化合物,例如丁胺、辛胺、二丁胺、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二亚乙基三胺、环己胺、苯甲基胺等,或其羧酸盐等。这些化合物是非限定的;可以使用任何通用的硅醇缩合催化剂。这些硅醇缩合催化剂可以单独使用或组合使用。该催化剂和促进剂包括四丁基钛酸盐、二月桂酸二丁锡、二丁基锡二(乙酰基丙酮酸)等。聚合物中催化剂存在量至少是约0.1重量%聚合物,至少约0.5重量%聚合物,至少约1重量%聚合物,至少约1.5重量%聚合物,至少约2重量%聚合物,至多约8重量%聚合物,至多约6重量%聚合物,至多约5重量%聚合物,至多约4重量%聚合物,或至多约3.5%聚合物重量。在配制密封剂、涂层或粘合剂期间,该催化剂可以本领域技术人员已知方式与聚合物结合。
得到的固化甲硅烷基聚合物也是本发明的实施方式。类似地,本发明实施方式包括密封剂、粘合剂和涂层以及其它包含这些聚合物或预聚物的用途。优选甲硅烷基聚合物的性质对于每个最终用途可以不同,随着组合物中任选存在的其它组分改变。
实施例
提供下列实施例说明本发明的实施方式,但是这些实施例并不试图限定本发明的范围。除非另有陈述,全部份数和百分率均按照重量计算。
使用下列材料:
*ISONATE和VORANATE是The Dow Chemical Company的商标。
测试方法
根据ASTM标准测试D1708测量拉伸强度。根据ASTM标准测试D1708测量断裂伸长率。根据ASTM标准测试D1708测量100%割线模量。根据ASTM标准测试D1708制备4个八字试块(dog bone)样品,并分析机械性能。报告4个样品的平均值和标准偏差。根据ASTM标准测试D5296使用PEG标准物通过凝胶渗透色谱测定数均分子量。使用TA Instruments的流变仪AR2000测量粘度。将大约1mL样品分布到60mm直径、60度锥板几何结构体中。除去任何过量材料后,通过以3℃/分钟将样品从20℃加热至100℃,进行粘性试验。测试的剪切速率保持恒定在0.1s-1。
氢化硅烷化
通过将烯丙基单醇2(343.20g)装入装有机械搅拌器的4-颈250mL预干燥玻璃反应器进行氢化硅烷化反应。然后将karstedt催化剂(大约0.03g)加入反应器,并在连续氮气吹扫下混合2分钟。最后加入甲基二甲氧基硅烷(50.02g)并混合5分钟,之后加热整个反应器至60℃,持续2小时。使用1H分析氢化硅烷化产品(以下简称氢化硅烷化聚醚)表明氢化硅烷化效率>95%。
预聚物合成(NCO封端):
然后在DABCO T-12或辛酸锌催化剂的存在下,所述氢化硅烷化聚醚与过量ISONATE50OP或VORANATE T-80以300rpm搅拌速度在70℃反应5小时,制备MDI或TDI预聚物。
表1
MDI预聚物 | TDI预聚物1 | TDI预聚物2 | |
氢化硅烷化聚醚(g) | 56.5 | 299.8 | 299.8 |
ISONATE50OP(g) | 15.7 | ||
VORANATE T-80(g) | 49.0 | 49.0 | |
DABCO T-12(g) | 0.015 | ||
辛酸锌 | 0.03 | 0.015 |
偶联和固化
对上述得到的预聚物进行偶联反应,其中在催化剂存在下,所述预聚物与多元醇或聚氧亚烷基胺在70℃,根据下表中给出配方和反应时间反应。
在水汽的存在下,通过加入SnAcAc、十二烷基DDBSA或DB-30丙烯酸封端胺催化剂完成对所述材料的固化。在75℃液化所述聚脲材料(基于JEFFAMINE D4000),并注入模具(E1和E2),或在聚丙烯片材上以25密耳预牵伸(draw down)薄膜(E3),并在25℃和50%相对湿度固化两个星期。对于全部其它材料,在聚丙烯片材上以25密耳拉伸薄膜,并以25℃和50%相对湿度固化两个星期。
一些薄膜样品浸入在100℃水中1星期,并测量幸存样品的物理性能。
实施例E1-E3,聚氧亚烷基胺多元醇
E1 | E2 | E3 | |
氨基甲酸酯偶联反应 | |||
MDI预聚物(g) | 25 | ||
TDI预聚物2(g) | 348.8 | 25 | |
JEFFAMINE D4000(g) | 463.2 | 43.21 | 34.9 |
辛酸锌(g) | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
反应时间 | 10分钟 | 10分钟 | 2小时 |
主要GPC分子量峰值 | 20148,16713 | 固体 | 9992,5685 |
25℃粘度(cP) | 475000 | 固体 | 7000 |
固化 | |||
甲硅烷基聚合物量(g) | 12 | 12 | 12 |
SnAcAc(g) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
割线模量(磅/平方英寸) | 26.8±0.6 | 23.9±3.0 | 2.5±0.8 |
断裂伸长率(%) | 288.1±99.2 | 224.4±17.4 | 1161.9±73.9 |
拉伸强度(磅/平方英寸) | 55.7±5.5 | 33.6±2.5 | 31.5±3.9 |
因为胺相对羟基官能度与异氰酸酯的反应性更快,与甲硅烷基化氨基甲酸酯体系相比,聚氧亚烷基胺多元醇偶联甲硅烷基封端聚合物表明固化时间明显更快。如实施例E2可见,未固化的甲硅烷基封端聚合物在室温下是固体。
实施例E4-E6,聚碳酸酯多元醇,对比实施例CE1-CE3
使用SnAcAc固化的聚碳酸酯多元醇偶联甲硅烷基封端聚合物暴露至100℃水一个星期时,损失全部机械完整性。然而,使用TOYOCAT-DB30固化的聚碳酸酯偶联甲硅烷基封端聚合物幸存于水处理。此外,在50℃紫外线暴露24小时幸存的聚碳酸酯偶联甲硅烷基封端聚合物仅表现出轻微的黄色,而ACCLAIM(聚醚多元醇)偶联甲硅烷基封端聚合物转变成液体。在白色预牵伸盘上对制备的薄膜进行紫外线测试。将含固化催化剂的样品倾注到所述盘上并固化1星期。然后在紫外线腔室中使固化薄膜在50℃暴露UV光24小时。
实施例E7-E9,聚氧化丁烯聚醚多元醇,对比实施例CE4和CE5
在50℃暴露于紫外线24小时幸存的聚氧化丁烯聚醚多元醇偶联甲硅烷基封端聚合物仅表现出轻微的黄色,而ACCLAIM(聚醚多元醇)偶联甲硅烷基封端聚合物转变成液体。
实施例E10-E14,NOBP,和对比实施例CE6和CE7
*四个八字试块样品中仅一个得到数值结果,其它三个样品没有得到数值。
**样品损失机械完整性,不能测量物理性能。
虽然前面提供了本发明的实施方式,但是在不偏离本发明的基本范围下可以想到其它和进一步的实施方式,本发明的范围由所附权利要求书确定。
Claims (21)
1.一种组合物,其包含在每个分子上具有至少一个可交联甲硅烷基的可交联硅烷封端的聚合物,其中:
该可交联硅烷封端的聚合物包含至少一种标称官能度至少为2的多元醇和异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物的反应产物,其中该多元醇为聚碳酸酯多元醇、基于天然油的多元醇、聚氧亚烷基胺、双官能芳香族胺、聚丁基氧化物聚醚多元醇和聚丁二醇中的至少一种;
该异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物包含至少一种异氰酸酯和氢化硅烷化聚合物在约100至约250的异氰酸酯指数下反应的反应产物;和
该氢化硅烷化聚合物包含氢化硅烷化反应的反应产物,该氢化硅烷化反应具有1H-NMR测定的至少约70%的氢化硅烷化效率,并包含以下至少a)和b)的反应:a)在每个分子上具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物,且其数均分子量为约100至约5000,和b)在每个分子上具有氢硅键和可交联甲硅烷基的化合物。
2.一种生产包含可交联硅烷封端聚合物的组合物的方法,其中该聚合物在每个分子上具有至少一个可交联甲硅烷基,该方法包含:
提供聚合物,该聚合物在每个分子上均具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基,并且数均分子量为约100至约5000;
在该聚合物中加入在每个分子上具有氢硅键和可交联甲硅烷基的化合物和氢化硅烷化催化剂从而进行氢化硅烷化反应以形成包含氢化硅烷化聚氧化烯聚合物的组合物,其中该氢化硅烷化反应的氢化硅烷化效率为至少约70%,其通过1H-NMR测定;
将所述氢化硅烷化聚合物以约100至约250的异氰酸酯指数暴露于至少一种异氰酸酯,使该氢化硅烷化聚氧化烯聚合物封端,从而形成包含异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物的组合物;以及
使该异氰酸酯封端的氢化硅烷化聚合物与标称官能度至少为2的多元醇反应从而形成包含可交联硅烷封端的聚合物的组合物,其中该多元醇包含聚碳酸酯多元醇、基于天然油的多元醇、聚氧亚烷基胺、双官能芳香族胺、聚丁基氧化物聚醚多元醇和聚丁二醇中的至少一种。
3.权利要求1的组合物或权利要求2的方法,其中该在每个分子上具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物的数均分子量为约200至约2000。
4.权利要求1-3任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该在每个分子上具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物包含聚氧化烯聚合物。
5.权利要求1-4任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该在每个分子上具有至少一个不饱和基和至少一个醇羟基的聚合物包含数均分子量为约600至约100和羟值为约50至约90的丙二醇单烯丙醚。
6.权利要求1-5任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该异氰酸酯指数为约160至约200。
7.权利要求1-6任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该氢化硅烷化效率为至少约85%。
8.权利要求1-7任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该具有氢硅键和可交联甲硅烷基的化合物包含三甲氧硅烷、三乙氧基硅烷、甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基二甲氧基硅烷、苯基二甲氧基硅烷、三甲基甲硅烷氧基甲基甲氧基硅烷和三甲基甲硅烷氧基二乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
9.权利要求1-8任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该异氰酸酯包含二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的4,4'-、2,4'和2,2'-异构体,2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯和20%的2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯中的至少一种,或其共混物。
10.权利要求1-9任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该多元醇包含聚碳酸酯多元醇。
11.权利要求10任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该聚碳酸酯多元醇包含1,6-己二醇和己内酯的共聚物,并且其数均分子量为约2000。
12.权利要求1-9任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该多元醇包含基于天然油的多元醇。
13.权利要求12的组合物或方法,其中该基于天然油的多元醇包含羟甲基化的脂肪酸或其与引发剂反应的酯。
14.权利要求1-9任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该多元醇包含聚氧亚烷基胺。
15.权利要求14的组合物或方法,其中该聚氧亚烷基胺由以下通式定义,H2NCH(CH3)CH2O(CH2CH(R)O)nCH2CH(CH3)NH2,其中每个CH2CH(R)O单元中的R是形成环氧乙烷单元的H,或者是形成环氧丙烷单元的CH3,n是约1至约70。
16.权利要求1-9任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该多元醇包含双官能芳香族胺,其选自4,4'-亚甲基双-2-氯苯胺、2,2',3,3'-四氯-4,4'-二氨基苯基甲烷、p,p'-亚甲基二苯胺、对苯二胺或4,4'-二氨基联苯;和2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚、2,4-二乙基-6-甲基-1,3-苯二胺、4,4’-亚甲基二(2,6-二乙基苯胺)、二甲基硫代甲苯二胺和二乙基甲苯二胺。
17.权利要求1-9任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该多元醇包含聚丁基氧化物聚醚多元醇。
18.权利要求1-9任何一项的组合物或方法,其中该多元醇包含聚丁二醇。
19.权利要求1-18任何一项的方法或组合物,其中使用水对该可交联硅烷封端聚合物进行固化以形成固化聚合物。
20.包含权利要求19的聚合物的制品。
21.权利要求20的制品,其中该制品为弹性体、密封剂、粘合剂、涂料或其组合。
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Also Published As
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CN103080173B (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
JP5918230B2 (ja) | 2016-05-18 |
BR112012033611B1 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
US8822626B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 |
US20130096274A1 (en) | 2013-04-18 |
EP2588508B2 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
JP2013532226A (ja) | 2013-08-15 |
BR112012033611A2 (pt) | 2017-03-01 |
ES2534519T3 (es) | 2015-04-23 |
ES2534519T5 (es) | 2020-12-29 |
EP2588508B1 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
EP2588508A1 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
WO2012003187A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
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