CN103069589A - 用于半导体发光器件的钝化 - Google Patents

用于半导体发光器件的钝化 Download PDF

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CN103069589A
CN103069589A CN2011800282178A CN201180028217A CN103069589A CN 103069589 A CN103069589 A CN 103069589A CN 2011800282178 A CN2011800282178 A CN 2011800282178A CN 201180028217 A CN201180028217 A CN 201180028217A CN 103069589 A CN103069589 A CN 103069589A
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passivation layer
layer
light emitting
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CN103069589B (zh
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F.S.迪雅纳
H.K-H.朝
Q.莫
S.L.鲁达滋
F.L.韦
D.A.斯泰格瓦尔德
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Koninklijke Philips NV
Lumileds LLC
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Philips Lumileds Lighing Co LLC
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Abstract

钝化层(34)设置在半导体结构(20)的一侧上,所述半导体结构包括设置在n型区域(22)和p型区域(26)之间的发光层(24)。配置为粘附到底部填充物(58)的材料(38)设置在半导体结构的蚀刻表面上。

Description

用于半导体发光器件的钝化
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体发光器件上的钝化层。
背景技术
半导体发光器件是当前可用的最有效率的光源之一,包括发光二极管(LED)、谐振腔发光二极管(RCLED)、垂直腔激光二极管(VCSEL)和边发射激光器。在制造能够跨越可见光谱工作的高亮度发光器件时当前感兴趣的材料系统包括III-V族半导体,尤其是镓、铝、铟和氮的二元、三元和四元合金,也称为III-氮化物材料。典型地,通过金属有机化学气相淀积(MOCVD)、分子束外延(MBE)或其他外延技术在蓝宝石、碳化硅、III-氮化物或其他适当衬底上外延生长成分和掺杂剂浓度不同的半导体层叠层,从而制造III-氮化物发光器件。叠层常常包括形成于衬底上、掺杂有例如Si的一个或多个n型层,形成于n型层上的有源区中的一个或多个发光层,以及形成于有源区上、掺杂有例如Mg的一个或多个p型层。在n和p型区域上形成电接触。
US 2006/0281203描述了“用于安装LED以用于封装以及用于去除LED的生长衬底的技术”。在载体和管芯之间注入底部填充材料从而在去除衬底期间提供对于外延结构的支撑。半导体结构的一部分通过管芯和载体之间的互连来支撑,一部分通过底部填充物来支撑。为了防止在半导体结构暴露于应力时(例如在去除衬底期间)的破裂,互连和底部填充物的机械柔度和热膨胀系数优选是匹配的。适当的底部填充材料的实例包括从Henkel Corporation能够获得的FB4511环氧树脂,以及载有比如硅石或氧化铝之类的无机材料从而达到期望的热膨胀系数和机械柔度的硅树脂和其它环氧树脂。由于底部填充物为外延层提供支撑,所以希望底部填充物能够填充互连之间的所有间隙并避免空气气泡的形成,所述空气气泡可能在去除衬底期间促使外延结构破裂。因此,底部填充材料的表面张力可以选择为使得底部填充物填充互连之间的所有间隙。替换性地,可以在与注入底部填充物的那侧相对的载体和管芯之间的间隙那侧上产生局部真空,从而将底部填充物抽吸至互连之间的所有间隙中。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于半导体发光器件的钝化层。
在根据本发明的一些实施例的方法中,提供一种结构。该结构包括晶片,该晶片包括多个半导体发光器件,每个发光器件包括设置在n型区域和p型区域之间的发光层。该结构还包括设置在各半导体发光器件中至少一个的一侧上的钝化层以及设置在两个半导体发光器件之间的晶片上的第一材料。该方法还包括在所述结构和底座之间设置第二材料。所述第一材料配置为粘附到所述第二材料。将所述结构附接到所述底座。
在本发明的一些实施例中,器件包括半导体结构,其包括设置在n型区域和p型区域之间的发光层。钝化层设置在所述半导体结构的侧壁的至少一部分上。配置为粘附到底部填充物的材料设置在所述半导体结构的蚀刻表面上。
在本发明的一些实施例中,结构包括晶片,其包括多个半导体发光器件,每个发光器件包括设置在n型区域和p型区域之间的发光层。钝化层设置在各半导体发光器件中至少一个的一侧上。配置为粘附到底部填充物的材料设置在两个半导体发光器件之间的晶片上。
在一些实施例中,所述钝化层可以是底部填充物、电介质层或多层叠层。所述钝化层可以配置为防止污染物接触所述半导体发光器件,这可以改善器件的性能并避免器件故障。设置在两个半导体发光器件之间的晶片上的材料改善了底部填充物到晶片的粘附,这还可以改善器件的钝化。
附图说明
图1示出具有设置在相邻器件(相邻器件未示出)之间的通道中的电介质层的倒装芯片发光器件的晶片的一部分;
图2示出具有设置在相邻器件(相邻器件未示出)之间的通道中和接合金属上的电介质层的倒装芯片发光器件的晶片的一部分;
图3示出具有设置在相邻器件(相邻器件未示出)之间的通道中的反射电介质叠层的倒装芯片发光器件的晶片的一部分。
具体实施方式
尽管在下面的实例中,半导体发光器件是发射蓝色或UV光的III-氮化物LED,但可以使用除LED之外的半导体器件,例如由其他材料系统制造的激光二极管和半导体器件,其他材料系统例如是其他III-V材料、III-磷化物、III-砷化物、II-VI材料或Si基材料。
图1示出薄膜倒装芯片发光器件的晶片的一部分。为了形成图1中所示的结构,首先在生长衬底上生长半导体结构20。半导体结构20包括夹在n型和p型区域22和26之间的发光区或有源区24。典型地首先在生长衬底上生长n型区域22,n型区域22可以包括多个不同成分和掺杂剂浓度的层,例如包括准备层,如缓冲层或成核层,其可以是n型或非故意掺杂的,以及n型或甚至p型器件层,其被设计用于实现发光区期望的特定光学或电学性质而设计,以有效率地发光。在n型区域22上生长发光区或有源区24。适当发光区的实例包括单个厚的或薄的发光层,或者包括多个由势垒层分开的薄或厚发光层的多量子阱发光区。在发光区24上生长p型区域26。像n型区域22那样,p型区域26可以包括多个不同成分、厚度和掺杂剂浓度的层,包括非故意掺杂的层或n型层。
在p型区域26上沉积例如银之类的一个或多个p接触金属28,然后蚀刻掉p型区域和有源区的一部分从而露出之后要在其上形成n接触40的n型层的部分35。p接触28可以被设置在p接触28旁边和其上的一个或多个防护层30和32所密封。防护层30和32可以是例如具有露出p接触28的开口的电介质层,或者,如图1中所示,是比如TiW之类的一个或多个金属层。在防护层30上设置通过例如等离子体增强化学气相淀积(PECVD)形成的例如Si3N-4之类的一个或多个电介质层34,从而将连接到p型区域的导电结构(包括p接触28和防护层30和32)与n接触40电隔离。在n接触40电接触n型区域22的区域35中的电介质层34中形成开口,然后形成例如铝之类的n接触金属40。在n接触40上形成例如金之类的接合金属42,从而有助于将每个器件接合到底座56以及与底座的电接触。
在半导体结构的同一侧上形成p接触28和n接触40。在一些实施例中,n接触40和p接触28中的任一个或这两者是反射性的,并且器件被安装为使得光通过呈图1中所示取向的器件的顶部被提取出来。在一些实施例中,接触可以在范围上受限或者被制成透明的,并且器件可以被安装为使得光通过其上形成接触的表面被提取出来。
例如通过将接合层42超声接合、热超声接合或热压接合到形成在底座56上的接合层(图1中未示出)而将器件的晶片附接到底座56。在将晶片10附接到底座56之前、期间或之后,可以在半导体器件晶片10和底座56之间半导体器件晶片10未被接合层支撑的任意区域中设置底部填充物58。底部填充物58可以是例如沉积在晶片10或底座56上并且被图案化的电介质层或其它固体层,或者是在接合之后被注入到晶片10和底座56之间然后固化成固体的比如硅树脂、环氧树脂或任何其它适当材料之类的材料。底部填充物58在半导体器件的处理和操作期间、特别是在去除生长衬底期间支撑晶片10。例如,可以经由照射激光通过衬底以熔化与衬底直接接触的半导体材料层来去除蓝宝石衬底,这一工艺可能在半导体结构中产生应力。在一些实施例中,通过去除生长衬底而露出的半导体层被图案化或粗糙化,这可以改善从器件的光提取。在一些实施例中,生长衬底可以保持为器件的一部分。
如在图1中所示,在两个器件之间的区域36(称为“通道”)中,留下了如上所述的电介质层34的一部分38。如图1所示,通道中的电介质层34的该部分38设置在半导体结构20的被蚀刻表面之上;即,通过蚀刻台面区而露出的n型区域22的表面。通道可以是例如宽度在1和10微米之间,并且宽度通常是大约5微米。通道例如通过锯切、通过激光划片或者通过激光划片和断开而被切割,从而将晶片单一化为单独的各管芯。晶片可以例如在器件的晶片附接到底座的晶片之后或者在附接到底座之前被切割。电介质部分38可以改善底部填充物58到晶片10的粘附,特别是在半导体材料(n型区域22)和底部填充物58之间的界面处。改善底部填充物到晶片的粘附可以通过形成防止污染物到达器件的密封来改善半导体器件的可靠性,并且可以减少损坏或避免由对于晶片10的不充分支撑造成的故障。
图2示出薄膜倒装芯片发光器件的晶片的一部分。图2中所示的结构包括钝化层44。生长半导体结构20,然后如以上参照图1所描述形成并图案化p接触28、防护层30和32、电介质34、n接触40和接合层42。钝化层44沉积在接合层42上。钝化层44可以是通过例如任何适当的方法(包括溅射、电子束蒸镀、CVD、PECVD或者利用适当的前体材料旋转涂布或浸渍涂布所述结构然后固化所述前体材料以形成高密度绝缘电介质)形成的任何适当的材料,例如绝缘或电介质层、AlN、TiN、SiO2、SiN-xOy、SiN-x或Si3N4。钝化层44可以是单层或多层结构。钝化层44通过常规的光刻技术被图案化以形成一个或多个开口46,所述开口允许所述结构通过例如将接合层42附接至形成在底座上的接合层而连接到底座(图2中未示出),如以上参照图1所描述的。钝化层44可以留在相邻器件之间的通道36中。
除了在需要导电通路以用于附接至底座上的电极的区域中之外,钝化层44覆盖器件。钝化层44通过涂布接合层42和n接触40的那侧而密封器件的该侧。在其所形成的区域中,钝化层44通过保护器件免受腐蚀、蚀刻、氧化和在操作或处理期间可能损害器件的其它工艺的影响而使所述结构钝化。例如,钝化层44可以减少或防止比如水蒸汽之类的腐蚀性物质的侵入,这可以改善器件的性能和/或降低故障率。在一些实施例中,钝化层44的厚度被选择为反射由有源区24发射的可能入射在钝化层44上的任何光。钝化层44可以改善底部填充物到晶片的粘附,如以上参照图1所描述的。
在图3中,用多层电介质叠层48来替换图2的钝化层44。多层电介质叠层48可以包括具有不同折射率的两种材料50和52的数个交替层对。适当的材料的实例例如包括通过例如用于形成图2的钝化层44的以上描述的技术或任何其它适当的技术形成的SiN-x、Si3N-4和SiO2。材料50和52被选择为形成叠层48,该叠层48反射来自有源区24的入射在叠层48上的任何光。在与接合层42进行电和/或物理接触所必需的叠层48中形成开口54。多层叠层48可以改善底部填充物到晶片的粘附,如以上参照图1所描述的。
在一些实施例中,如图3所示,在通道36中或与其相邻,可以去除在台面区蚀刻之后留下的半导体结构的全部或一部分35,从而露出生长衬底(图3中未示出)。钝化层(图1中的底部填充物58、图2中的钝化层44和图3中的叠层48)可以在去除了半导体结构20的整个厚度的半导体结构的那侧上延伸,如图3所示。通过反射入射在n型区域22和叠层48之间的界面上的光,使钝化层在半导体结构20的边缘上延伸可以进一步改善结构的钝化和从器件的提取。
已经详细描述了本发明,本领域的技术人员将认识到,在给定本公开的情况下,可以对本发明做出修改而不脱离这里描述的发明构思的精神。因此,本发明的范围并非旨在被限于图示和描述的具体实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种方法,包括:
提供结构,该结构包括:
      晶片,包括多个半导体发光器件,每个发光器件包括设置在n型区域和p型区域之间的发光层;
      钝化层,设置在各半导体发光器件中至少一个的一侧上;以及
      第一材料,设置在两个半导体发光器件之间的晶片上;
在所述结构和底座之间设置第二材料,其中所述第一材料配置为粘附到所述第二材料;以及
将所述结构附接到所述底座。
2.权利要求1的方法,还包括通过在设置所述第一材料的区域中使所述晶片单一化而分开所述两个半导体发光器件。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述第一材料是绝缘层、电介质层、AlN、TiN、SiO2、SiNxOy、SiN-x和Si3N-4之一。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述第一材料是所述钝化层。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述钝化层配置为反射由所述发光层发射的光。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述钝化层是多层电介质叠层。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述钝化层配置为防止污染物接触所述半导体发光器件。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中所述钝化层是所述第二材料。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中单一化包括锯切以及激光划片和断开之一。
10.一种器件,包括:
半导体结构,包括设置在n型区域和p型区域之间的发光层;
钝化层,设置在所述半导体结构的侧壁的至少一部分上;以及
设置在所述半导体结构的蚀刻表面上的材料,其中所述材料配置为粘附到底部填充物。
11.权利要求10的器件,还包括附接到所述半导体结构的底座,其中所述底部填充物设置在所述半导体结构和所述底座之间。
12.权利要求10的器件,其中所述材料是绝缘层、电介质层、AlN、TiN、SiO2、SiN-xOy、SiN-x和Si3N-4之一。
13.权利要求10的器件,其中所述材料是钝化层。
14.权利要求10的器件,其中所述钝化层配置为反射所述发光层发射的光。
15.权利要求10的器件,其中所述钝化层是多层电介质叠层。
16.权利要求10的器件,其中所述钝化层配置为防止污染物接触所述半导体结构。
17.权利要求10的器件,还包括生长衬底,其中所述半导体结构生长在所述生长衬底上。
18.一种结构,包括:
晶片,包括多个半导体发光器件,每个发光器件包括设置在n型区域和p型区域之间的发光层;
钝化层,设置在各半导体发光器件中至少一个的一侧上;以及
设置在两个半导体发光器件之间的晶片上的材料,其中所述材料配置为粘附到底部填充物。
19.权利要求18的结构,其中所述材料是所述钝化层的一部分。
20.权利要求18的结构,其中所述钝化层配置为反射所述发光层发射的光。
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