CN103039282A - Shaping and trimming method for promoting flower bud formation of Fuji apple saplings - Google Patents
Shaping and trimming method for promoting flower bud formation of Fuji apple saplings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shaping and trimming method for promoting flower bud formation of Fuji apple saplings. The shaping and trimming method includes steps of (1), fixing a sapling, performing steps (2) to (4) every year before a tree shape of the sapling is formed; (2), drawing a bough on a trunk of the sapling so that an opening angle between the trunk and the drawn bough of the sapling ranges from 105 degrees to 115 degrees; (3) trimming same-year spindling branches on the drawn bough and reserving same-year normally growing branches on two sides of the drawn bough; and (4), when the number of boughs on the trunk of the sapling reaches 9-11, 8-10 and 7-9 on the lower portion, the middle portion and the upper portion of the body of the sapling and the total number of the boughs reaches 24-30, trimming excessive boughs growing on the trunk. By drawing the bough downwardly and arranging the angle between the bough and the trunk and distribution positions of the boughs, ventilation and light-permeable conditions are improved, bud sprouts on the branches and growing of a great quantity of short branches and short fruiting branches are promoted, and flower bud formation is remarkably promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fruit tree planting technique field, relate in particular to a kind of shaping and trimming method that promotes that Loess Plateau young Fuji apple tree bud forms.
Background technology
China is one of major country of production of world's apple, and national cultivated area of the apple was 3,084 ten thousand mu in 2010, and 3,200 ten thousand tons of output account for 51.6% of 6194.6 ten thousand tons of world wide productions, occupy first place in the world.Apple Industry occupies an important position in Regional Economic Development and increasing peasant income." Fuji " apple variety is liked by everybody with its good quality and mouthfeel, " Fuji " apple variety has become the apple variety (Zhai Heng of China's cultivated area maximum, Zhao Zhengyang, Wang Zhiqiang, Deng. world's apple industry trend analysis [J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2005,22 (1): 44-50), its planting area in China reaches (Han Mingyu more than 65%, Zhang Fangfang, Zhang Lixin, etc. dwarfing interstock Fuji apple soil early summer is executed the absorption and distribution characteristic of 15N-urea. Scientia Agricultura Sinica [J] .2011,44 (023): 4841-4847).But the problem (Wang Jingyan such as " Fuji " apple sapling ubiquity is difficult for into flower in early days, it is of poor quality to become to spend, be difficult to bear fruit, the biennial bearing phenomenon is serious and virgin stage phase of Newly built orchard " Fuji " apple sapling is long, Liu Feng it, Cheng Cungang. 50 years reviews and prospects [J] of China's Apple Culture technology. orchard worker's friend, 2008, (11): 3-5).These problems have brought huge challenge for the management of " Fuji " Apple Culture, have limited to a great extent giving full play to of its economic benefit.
General adopt carved bud more, band girdle, the cultivation technique measures such as ring cutting promote " Fuji " apple sapling to become flower, " Fuji " apple sapling is difficult to into flower and the bud quality is poor although these technology have been alleviated to a certain extent, the difficulty problem such as bear fruit, but these technology have be difficult to the operation, labour intensity is large, the tree body shortcomings such as easily catch an illness after processing, these technology require high to operator's experience, and still do not form the technical regulation of standard, the most important thing is, these technology promote " Fuji " apple sapling to become the effect of flower not remarkable, fundamentally do not solve " Fuji " apple sapling Cheng Huanan problem.
Publication No. is the shaping technique of falling the weeping branch method that the patent documentation of CN101843206A discloses a kind of apple tree treelet, this technology adopts selects strong sprout, seedlings field planting, and 1.2m does surely, progressively cultivates one, two layer of major branch, to the major branch that pull open carve bud before germinateing spring, inspire and keep long shoot at major branch, slow putting twisted and warped these branches sagging earthward, then fix with cord or iron wire, make it become the weeping willow shape, 3 major branches are that 120 degree horizontal sextant angles extend and stagger with the lower floor major branch, draw branch autumn.When cutting, no longer stay the center to do in the winter.This technical operation is complicated, and the major branch that keeps is very few, is unfavorable for increasing the output of apple.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of shaping and trimming method that promotes that Loess Plateau young Fuji apple tree bud forms, the method can significantly promote the formation of apple sapling bud, is difficult for into flower, the poor problem of its formed limited the bud quality in early days to solve China's Loess Plateau " Fuji " apple sapling.
A kind of shaping and trimming method that promotes that the young Fuji apple tree bud forms may further comprise the steps:
(1) fixing treelet, annual operating procedure (2)～(4) before the tree structure of treelet forms;
(2) major branch on the treelet trunk is drawn branch, drawing a rear treelet trunk and the major branch spreading angle that draws is 105～115 °;
(3) cut off the then living excessive growth branch of vertical growth on drawing major branch, keep the then living normal branch that is grown in the major branch both sides of drawing;
(4) when the major branch quantity on the treelet trunk under the tree body, in, reach respectively 9～11,8～10,7～9 around the upper part, several 24～30 of total major branch then cuts off and gives birth to major branch unnecessary on trunk.
The method is by leaving behind tree body branch vertical, the angle of reasonable arrangement major branch and trunk and major branch distribution space position, inhibition is nourished and grown, relaxed tree vigo(u)r, having improved the tree body ventilates and the printing opacity condition, promoted each position bud on the branch sprouting and a large amount of in brachyplast, the formation of brachyplast as a result, bud formed have obvious facilitation.
The treelet of drawing branch should select the field planting time limit to be fit to carries out, as treelet below 3 years is drawn branch, because treelet does not have growth and development complete, it is weak to cause setting body, be unfavorable for that on the contrary its bud forms, and the treelet more than 6 years is drawn branch, then may be because the treelet degree of lignification be higher, be difficult for obtaining and well draw an effect, therefore preferred treelet is 3～6 years life " Fuji " apple saplings after the field planting.
Treelet is fixed guarantees that it sets body and keep stable in drawing a process, the phenomenon that can not skew, preferred, in the step (1), described fixing means ties treelet root and support bar for to insert support bar near the treelet root again with rope.Support bar should be selected and be difficult for viruliferous trunk, about high 3.5m, more than the diameter 6cm.
In the step (2), the described branch that draws is: first from top to bottom repeatedly kneading of branch, make branch that slight damage be arranged but do not fracture, then fag end is fixed on undergroundly, the other end is tied up with knot that can be undone by a pull at branch and is fixed.Draw the major branch length of branch should be greater than 60cm, draw branch after should waiting its length greater than 60cm such as not enough 60cm again, treelet trunk and the branch spreading angle that draws be 105～115 degree, most preferably are 110 and spend.
In the winter time and early spring, fruit tree is in hibernation, and resin is not yet mobile, and its limb is crisp hard, draw an easy damaged limb cortical tissue this moment, and base angle section is easy-to-draw splitting also, and tree body vigorous period draws branch, easily sprouting back vertical branch, and the branch of afterwards growth can come back again, loses and draws an effect.Therefore, preferably when branch is partly wooden, namely draw branch in annual mid-May or 8～September, branch is soft at this moment, plasticity is large, draws a rear branch easily fixing, and back no longer sprouts new buds, and can promote nutrient accumulation and bud formation.
The excessive growth branch is on the branch of growing trees, grow then the too vigorous growth branch of growth potential, the water sprout growth takes up space greatly rapidly, easily make canopy, consume large quantity of moisture and nutrient, very unfavorable to the fruit tree growth result, the water sprout result is late, though can change into the branch group through control, but it is longer to take time, and should remove early, generally greater than 15cm.
Mutually block for fear of between the branch, make all branches all can accept enough illumination, in the step (3), the then living normal branch of reservation and its are with growing female branch on same plane.
Preferably, in the step (4) under the tree body, in, the major branch length that distributes around the top is respectively 1～1.2m, 0.8～1m, 0.6～0.8m, can guarantee like this to set the major branch length of body for successively decreasing from top to bottom, avoid, the major branch length at middle part is long, shelter from the sunlight of bottom, growing of impact tree body controlled by the Divisional to major branch length, can improve preferably the tree body and ventilate and the printing opacity condition, formation has obvious facilitation to bud.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the method is by drawing branch to branch, and making between itself and the trunk has certain reasonable angle, and ventilation and the printing opacity condition of tree body can well be improved in the reasonable layout locus, bud are formed have obvious facilitation.
(2) the method is simple to operate, is easy to realize, is adapted at producing a large amount of applying.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that each the processing distance in the embodiment of the invention 2 is processed the new distributed number figure slightly of branch base portion different distance pumping;
Fig. 2 is the new distributed number figure slightly of different length on each processing branch of processing in the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 3 is each the brachyplast terminal bud soluble sugar content temporal evolution figure that processes in the embodiment of the invention 3;
Fig. 4 is each the brachyplast terminal bud content of starch temporal evolution figure that processes in the embodiment of the invention 3;
Fig. 5 is each the brachyplast terminal bud total nitrogen content temporal evolution figure that processes in the embodiment of the invention 3;
Fig. 6 is each brachyplast terminal bud C/N ratio (C/N) the value temporal evolution figure that processes in the embodiment of the invention 3.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Use pruning techniques of the present invention and promote " Fuji " treelet buds to form from 2007～2009 years to being colonizated in national experiment station, Apple Industry system Fengxiang and the peasant household orchard totally 10 mu of demonstration orchard apple saplings, evenly choose at random 72 tree (3 residential quarters, each residential quarter has 24), three processing are established in each residential quarter, each processes trunk and the branch spreading angle that draws is respectively 70 °, 90 ° and 110 °, and every kind is treated to 8 treelets.
107.39 ° of this area's longitudes, 34.53 ° in latitude, height above sea level 850m, 12.0～12.5 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, precipitation 601mm, 209 days frost-free seasons, day and night temperature is large." Fuji " apple sapling plantation spacing in this experiment is 2.0 * 3.5m, and basic anvil is midget crabapple, and interstock is M26, and tree vigo(u)r is healthy and strong, and irrigation conditions is arranged, and soil property is sandy loam, and the Cultivate administration level is high.
Carry out sampling determination analysis (measure content for soluble sugar, starch and the nitrogen content of brachyplast terminal bud, long shoot axillalry bud, Short branch leaf and the long shoot blade of " Fuji " apple sapling be analyzed research) in 2009～2010 until selected after for the material apple tree moulding of test, promote the effect that " Fuji " apple sapling becomes to spend with this pruning technique of evaluation comparison.
Specific as follows to the shaping and trimming method of " Fuji " apple sapling in this test:
(1) fixing treelet: this test is carried out 3 residential quarters, there is 24 strains " Fuji " apple sapling each residential quarter, all " Fuji " apple saplings are fixed, fixing means is to insert a high 3.5m near the root of treelet, the viruliferous support bar that is difficult for of diameter 6cm is fixed, and treelet root and support bar are tied with rope;
(2) major branch on the treelet trunk is drawn branch: this is tested in May, 2007～2009 the Fuji treelet is drawn branch, 3 processing are established in each residential quarter, each processes trunk and the branch spreading angle that draws is respectively 70 °, 90 ° and 110 °, and every kind is treated to 8 treelets;
(3) cut off the then living excessive growth branch of vertical growth on drawing major branch, keep the current-year branch that is grown in the major branch both sides of drawing;
(4) pruning and giving birth to major branch unnecessary on trunk, make major branch quantity on the treelet trunk under the tree body, in, reach respectively 9～11,8～10,7～9 around the upper part, several 24～30 of total major branch.
Soluble sugar, starch and nitrogen content to brachyplast terminal bud, long shoot axillalry bud, Short branch leaf and the long shoot blade of " Fuji " apple sapling under the different shaping and trimming methods are analyzed research, and the result is as follows:
Continuous increase along with branch angle, soluble sugar content constantly increases in bud and the blade, difference is (seeing Table 1) extremely significantly, when branch angle is increased to 110 °, the soluble sugar content of terminal bud, axillalry bud, brachyplast leaf and long shoot leaf all reaches maximum, the treelet sugar content is higher to be easy to into bow structure really, is conducive to nutrient accumulation and promotes into colored.
Table 1 Different branch angle is on the impact of bud and leaf soluble
Continuous increase along with branch angle, content of starch constantly increases in bud and the blade, and difference is (P＜0.01) (seeing Table 2) extremely significantly, and 110 ° of content of starch that draw branch to process are the highest, the treelet sugar content is higher to be easy to into bow structure really, is conducive to nutrient accumulation and promotes into colored.Table 2 Different branch angle is on the impact of bud and blade content of starch
As seen from Table 3, along with the increasing of branch angle, the content of nitrogen is on a declining curve in the bud of " Fuji " apple sapling, the leaf.
Table 3 Different branch angle is on the impact of bud and Leaf N content
As seen, increase along with branch angle, tree body polarity is slowed down, the top competitive advantage descends, and moisture and stored nutrient travelling speed slow down, and soluble sugar content increases, nitrogen content reduces, can obviously promote each position bud sprouting of branch and form more middle brachyplast, for condition has been created in flower bud differentiation, wherein 110 ° are drawn branch to be treated to the suitable branch angle that is conducive to flower bud differentiation.
Use pruning technique of the present invention from 2003～2006 years to 25 mu of demonstration apple saplings in the field planting Baoji agricultural science and technology fruit industry expert compound orchard, promote " Fuji " treelet bud to form, evenly choose at random 25 trees and (establish 5 processing, each processes 5 trees), each processes trunk and the branch spreading angle that draws is respectively 55 °, 70 °, 90 °, 110 ° and 120 °, and every kind is treated to 5 treelets.
Be analyzed research in 2006～2007 nutrition contents to the blade of " Fuji " apple sapling and branch, length and the quantity of extracting young sprout out until selected after for the material apple tree moulding of test, promote " Fuji " apple sapling to become the effect of flower with this pruning technique of evaluation comparison.
" Fuji " apple sapling plantation spacing in this experiment is 2.5m * 4.2m, and the tree vigo(u)r homogeneous has irrigation conditions, and soil property is sandy loam, manages meticulous.
Specific as follows to the shaping and trimming method of " Fuji " apple sapling in this test:
(1) fixing treelet: the object of this test is more consistent " Fuji " apple sapling 25 strains of growth potential, load capacity, all " Fuji " apple saplings are fixed, fixing means is to insert a high 3.5m near the root of treelet, the viruliferous support bar that is difficult for of diameter 6cm is fixed, and treelet root and support bar are tied with rope;
(2) major branch on the treelet trunk is drawn branch: this is tested in 2003～2006 year autumn the Fuji treelet is drawn branch, if 5 processing, each processes trunk and the branch spreading angle that draws is respectively 55 °, 70 °, 90 °, 110 ° and 120 °, and every kind is treated to 5 treelets;
(3) cut off the then living excessive growth branch of vertical growth on drawing major branch, keep the current-year branch that is grown in the major branch both sides of drawing;
(4) pruning and giving birth to major branch unnecessary on trunk, make major branch quantity on the treelet trunk under the tree body, in, reach respectively 9～11,8～10,7～9 around the upper part, several 24～30 of total major branch.
The blade of " Fuji " apple sapling under the different shaping and trimming methods and the nutrition content in the branch, length and the quantity of extracting young sprout out are analyzed research, and the result is as follows:
As can be seen from Table 4, when branch angle is too small, Leaf Nitrogen is lower, when branch angle is increased to 70 °, its content reaches the highest, along with the increase of branch angle, its content is tending towards descending subsequently, but Different branch angle affects difference not significantly (P＞0.05) to Leaf Nitrogen.Along with the carbon nutrition of the increase blade of branch angle increases thereupon, when being 110 °, branch angle reaches the highest, begin subsequently to descend, but the difference between each angle is processed is different, branch when 120 ° of branch angles and 70 ° process significant differences (P＜0.05), reach utmost point significance level (P＜0.01) between 110 ° of branch angles and 120 ° and 55 °, 110 ° and 90 °, 70 ° and 55 ° of processing.
Table 4 Different branch angle is on the impact of fruit tree leaf nutrition content
As can be seen from Table 5, after fruit tree was processed through different angles, it is maximum that the branch total nitrogen content reaches in the time of 110 °, secondly is 90 °, 70 °, 55 ° and 120 °, but each process between difference not significantly (p＞0.05).It is maximum that the branch total carbon content also reaches in the time of 110 °, next is 120 °, 90 °, 70 ° and 55 °, and significant difference (p＜0.05) between 110 ° and 120 ° and 90 °, 120 ° and 90 ° and 55 ° of processing, difference reaches utmost point significance level (p＜0.01) between 110 ° and 70 ° and 55 ° of processing.
Table 5 Different branch angle is on the impact of fruit tree nutrition content
As can be seen from Figure 1, after fruit tree is processed through different angles, also different apart from the quantity of processing branch base portion different distance pumping young sprout.The young sprout of pumping mainly concentrates on apart from the branch section more than the base portion 60cm on the branch of 55 ° of processing, the branch of 70 ° of processing mainly concentrates on the branch section of 90cm～120cm, 90 ° draw pumping on the branch that branch processes newly slightly substantially be distributed in whole branch section, 110 ° are drawn the young sprout of pumping on the branch of processing substantially to be distributed in the following branch section of 90cm, and the young sprout of pumping mainly concentrates on the section of 30～60cm on the branch of 120 ° of processing.As seen, the branch angle of branch difference, bud is sprouted and is taken out also difference of vimineous position on the branch, and 110 ° are drawn a position of the pumping young sprout of processing more reasonable, are beneficial to the even distribution of illumination and the formation of promotion bud.
As can be seen from Figure 2, after branch was processed through different angles, the length of pumping young sprout was also different, and the young sprout of pumping is mainly take the long shoot of＞30cm as main on the branch of 55 ° of processing; The young sprout of pumping is mainly take long shoot as main on the branch of 70 ° of processing, and certain middle long shoot is arranged, but quantity is fewer; 90 ° of young sprouts that draw pumping on the branch that branch processes are mainly take the middle long shoot of＞15cm as main; 110 ° of young sprouts that draw pumping on the branch of processing are mainly take 5～30cm as main, and quantity is relatively many; The young sprout of pumping is mainly take the middle long shoot of＞15cm as main on the branch of 120 ° of processing, and quantity is also fewer, as seen, the branch angle of Fuji's branch is different, the length of pumping young sprout is also different on the branch, 110 ° are drawn a Length Ratio of the pumping young sprout of processing more moderate, are beneficial to the maintenance of nutrient component and the formation of promotion bud.
As seen 110 ° are drawn moderate length and the reasonable quantity that the blade of " Fuji " apple sapling that branch processes and the nutrition content in the branch are high, extract young sprout out, more are conducive to promote the formation of bud.
Embodiment 3
Use pruning techniques of the present invention from 2009～2011 years to being colonizated in the experiment station, national Apple Industry system Fengxiang totally 15 mu of demonstration orchard apple saplings, promote " Fuji " treelet bud to form, evenly choose at random simultaneously 54 tree (3 residential quarters, each residential quarter has 18), three processing are established in each residential quarter, each processes trunk and the branch spreading angle that draws is respectively 70 °, 90 ° and 110 °, and every kind is treated to 6 treelets.
Carry out sampling determination analysis (measure content for " Fuji " apple sapling in soluble sugar, starch, total nitrogen content and the C/N ratio of different time sections brachyplast terminal bud be analyzed research) in 2011～2012 until selected after for the material apple tree moulding of test, promote the effect that " Fuji " apple sapling one-tenth is spent with this pruning technique of evaluation comparison.
" Fuji " apple sapling plantation spacing in this experiment is 2m * 3.5m, and the tree-like employing of apple improves high spindle, and tree vigo(u)r is relatively more balanced, and there is irrigation conditions in the orchard, and soil is yellow clay, and management condition is good." Fuji " apple variety is that Liquan brachyplast Fuji, basic anvil are eight rib Malus spectabilis, and dwarfing interstock wood is M26, and interstock only stays 5cm on ground, and all the other are buried in the earth.
Specific as follows to the shaping and trimming method of " Fuji " apple sapling in this test:
(1) fixing treelet: Liquan brachyplast Fuji 18 strains that the object select growth potential of this test is more consistent, all " Fuji " apple saplings are fixed, fixing means is to insert a high 3.5m near the root of treelet, the viruliferous support bar that is difficult for of diameter 6cm is fixed, and treelet root and support bar are tied with rope;
(2) major branch on the treelet trunk is drawn branch: this tests in 2009-2011 and draws branch (to establish 3 residential quarters to 54 Fuji treelets March, 18 trees in each residential quarter), 3 processing are established in each residential quarter, each processes trunk and the branch spreading angle that draws is respectively 70 °, 90 °, 110 °, and every kind of processing is 6 treelets;
(3) cut off the then living excessive growth branch of vertical growth on drawing major branch, keep the current-year branch that is grown in the major branch both sides of drawing;
(4) pruning and giving birth to major branch unnecessary on trunk, make major branch quantity on the treelet trunk under the tree body, in, reach respectively 9～11,8～10,7～9 around the upper part, several 24～30 of total major branch.
Soluble sugar, starch, total nitrogen content and C/N ratio to " Fuji " apple sapling brachyplast terminal bud in different time sections under the different shaping and trimming methods are analyzed research, and the result is as follows:
As seen from Figure 3, respectively draw in the Apple Spur terminal bud that branch processes soluble sugar content mid-May to late June integral body on a declining curve, but 110 ° draw branch process and 90 ° draw in the brachyplast terminal bud that branch processes soluble sugar contents three angles draw branch process between soluble sugar content just do not have evident regularity; Late June is to late September, 110 ° of interior soluble sugar contents of the brachyplast terminal bud that draws branch to process keep stable always, and maintain higher level, and 70 ° and the 90 ° interior Total Soluble Sugar content of the brachyplast terminal bud that draws branch to process tree are the trend that rises first and descend afterwards and raise in late June to late September; The results of analysis of variance shows, after June 15, except a brachyplast terminal bud soluble sugar content that draws 90 ° of July 25 branch to process is significantly higher than 70 °, although that 90 ° of soluble sugar contents that draw branch to process of other times draw branch to process than 70 ° is high, between the two without significant difference; This was put except July 25, after late June, 110 ° of brachyplast terminal bud dissolubility sugar content that draw branch to process will be higher than 70 ° and 90 ° and draw the branch processing, and difference reaches utmost point significance level (P＜0.01).
As shown in Figure 4, in this test processing, there is some difference for the interior content of starch variation of brachyplast terminal bud after apple sapling drew branch to process through difference.70 ° and 90 ° draw branch process mid-May to mid-June the brachyplast terminal bud content of starch on a declining curve, mid-June to late June rises rapidly again, tend towards stability gradually later on, late August, the starch accumulation amount in the brachyplast terminal bud significantly raise again to late September; 110 ° of content of starch risings that draw branch to process 8 brachyplast terminal buds at the beginning of mid-May to 6 month, later amplitude of variation is larger, is rapid decline and the trend that raises and alternately change rapidly; Result of the test shows that also except initial May 15,70 ° of brachyplast terminal bud content of starch that draw branch to process of other times section Fuji apple will be lower than 90 ° and 110 ° and draw branch to process; 110 ° are drawn content of starch that branch processes brachyplast terminal bud in the tree to draw a branch processing except at the beginning of 6 months and by the end of July other times all will be higher than 90 °.The results of analysis of variance shows that May 25, brachyplast terminal bud content of starch difference is not remarkable between three branch angles; Three's difference is extremely remarkable during June 25, and 110 ° of content of starch that draw branch to process are significantly higher than 90 ° and draw branch to process, and 90 ° of content of starch that draw branch to process are significantly higher than 70 ° and draw branch to process; When mid-May and mid-June, 90 ° and 110 ° draw branch process between difference not remarkable, but the two significantly is lower than 110 ° and draws branch to process during mid-May, and the two was significantly higher than 70 ° and drew branch to process mid-June; August and September, 70 ° and 90 ° brachyplast terminal bud content of starch differences of drawing branch to process were not remarkable, drew branch to process but all significantly be lower than 110 °.
As seen from Figure 5,70 ° and the 90 ° brachyplast terminal bud total nitrogen contents that draw branch to process all have a small amount of increase during mid-May to late May, but 110 ° are drawn the branch processing almost constant; Draw a processing variation consistent to 70 ° of mid-Junes with 90 ° by the end of May, total nitrogen content all sharply reduces, and 110 ° are drawn branch to process first sharply to reduce behind a small amount of the increasing; June 15 is afterwards until by the end of September, 90 ° are consistent with 110 ° of total nitrogen contents variations of drawing branch to process the brachyplast terminal bud, increase to some extent in the before this short time, and then be slowly to reduce for a long time, and 70 ° drawn branch to process slowly to reduce to last till by the end of August always, but have increased slightly during September; As seen the total nitrogen content of brachyplast terminal bud reduces along with the increase of branch angle.The results of analysis of variance shows, three of mid or late May and mid or late Junes draw branch process between the total nitrogen content difference of brachyplast terminal bud all reached utmost point significance level (P＜0.01), the total nitrogen content of 70 ° of processing is significantly higher than 90 ° and draws branch to process, and 90 ° of total nitrogen contents that draw branch to process are significantly higher than 110 ° and draw branch to process; At the beginning of 6 months and by the end of September 90 ° draw branch process and draw in 110 ° of October branch process between difference not remarkable, draw branch to process but significantly be lower than 70 °; 70 ° and 90 ° are drawn brachyplast terminal bud total nitrogen contents that branch processes without significant difference during by the end of July at the beginning of 8 months, draw branch to process but be significantly higher than 110 °.
As can be seen from Figure 6, the C/N of brachyplast terminal bud changes relatively steady when drawing branch to process for 70 °, and C/N reduces during mid-May, then up to by the end of September slowly increase, and reaches maximum; 90 ° of C/N fluctuations of drawing branch to process are large, be in to increase during May to September to reduce change procedure alternately, but C/N amplification are larger during last September always, and reach maximum; Although 110 ° of fluctuations when drawing branch to process a C/N to have 90 ° to draw branch to process are large, and the variation that reduces to increase was also arranged between sampling period, equally finally also by the end of September the time C/N reach maximum.As can be seen from the figure, brachyplast terminal bud C/N value increases along with the increase of branch angle, and 110 ° of C/N values of drawing branch to process will significantly draw branch to process greater than 90 ° and 70 °.The results of analysis of variance shows, 70 ° and 90 ° are drawn between the brachyplast terminal bud C/N value that branch processes without significant difference by the end of June and by the end of August the time, but significantly draw a branch processing less than 110 °; The difference of brachyplast terminal bud C/N value is all remarkable between three processing of other times section, and 70 ° of brachyplast terminal bud C/N values of drawing branch to process significantly draw branch to process less than 90 °, and 90 ° of brachyplast terminal bud C/N values of drawing branch to process significantly draw branch to process less than 110 °.
As seen 110 ° of sugared content and relative other processing of content of starch of drawing branch to process are higher, and brachyplast terminal bud C/N value is also higher, more is conducive to promote the formation of bud.
Claims (8)
1. a shaping and trimming method that promotes that the young Fuji apple tree bud forms is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) fixing treelet, annual operating procedure (2)～(4) before the tree structure of treelet forms;
(2) major branch on the treelet trunk is drawn branch, making treelet trunk and the major branch spreading angle that draws is 105～115 °;
(3) cut off the then living excessive growth branch of vertical growth on drawing major branch, keep the then living normal branch that is grown in the major branch both sides of drawing;
(4) when the major branch quantity on the treelet trunk under the tree body, in, reach respectively 9～11,8～10,7～9 around the upper part, several 24～30 of total major branch then cuts off and gives birth to major branch unnecessary on trunk.
2. the shaping and trimming method that forms of promotion young Fuji apple tree bud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (1), described fixing means ties treelet root and support bar for to insert support bar near the treelet root again with rope.
3. the shaping and trimming method of promotion young Fuji apple tree bud formation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (2), draw the major branch length of branch greater than 60cm.
4. the shaping and trimming method of promotion young Fuji apple tree bud formation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (2), draw the time of branch to be annual mid-May or 8～September.
5. the shaping and trimming method that forms of promotion young Fuji apple tree bud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (2), treelet trunk and the major branch spreading angle that draws are 110 °.
6. the shaping and trimming method that forms of promotion young Fuji apple tree bud according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (3), and the described length 〉=15cm that gives birth to then the excessive growth branch.
7. the shaping and trimming method that forms of promotion young Fuji apple tree bud according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (3), give birth to then normal branch with its with female of growth on same plane.
8. the shaping and trimming method that forms of promotion young Fuji apple tree bud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (4), under the tree body, in, the major branch length that distributes around the upper part is respectively 1～1.2m, 0.8～1m, 0.6～0.8m.
Priority Applications (1)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103202189A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-07-17 | 唐宗福 | Full crown regenerating method of defected apple tree form |
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| CN104472297A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | Y-shaped weeping willow-shaped apple tree and pruning method thereof |
| CN104472297B (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-08-17 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of Y word Salix babylonica L. shape apple tree form and pruning method thereof |
| CN106416883A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-02-22 | 塔里木大学 | Method for promoting generation of flower buds of apple in sandy land |
| CN111713291A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-09-29 | 昭通市苹果产业发展中心 | Remediation method for first-year shaping of apple trees and application |
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