CN105875335B - A kind of more major branches of red bayberry downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body framework - Google Patents
A kind of more major branches of red bayberry downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body framework Download PDFInfo
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- CN105875335B CN105875335B CN201610330092.9A CN201610330092A CN105875335B CN 105875335 B CN105875335 B CN 105875335B CN 201610330092 A CN201610330092 A CN 201610330092A CN 105875335 B CN105875335 B CN 105875335B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses the shaping and trimming methods that a kind of more major branches of red bayberry downgrade brachycephalic tree body framework, pass through the field planting of 4 years raw saplings, and its horizontal base angle was controlled by support branch, drawing branch to major branch at the 1st year to the 2nd year to the sapling after field planting, and cultivate secondary main branch and big side shoot, after the 3rd year, weak stay by force is gone to the early autumn growth after the spring tip, retraction 1/3, appropriate dredge is deleted, the strong prosperous tip, Winter hardness are all wiped out, overstocked, intersection and the side shoot far from skeleton branch are removed and are bounced back in time, keep inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light；After the 5th year, into the best fruiting period, high control is set in 2.5 m to 3.0 m, hat width controls the more major branches maintained in 3.0 m to 3.5 m and downgrades brachycephalic tree body framework.The present invention has the advantages that downgrading tree body so that tree body height be effectively reduced by field planting, trimming, the shaping to 4 years raw saplings, picking difficulty and management cost are reduced, promotes red bayberry high and stable yield, improves the quality of red bayberry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree shaping technical field, in particular to a kind of more major branches of red bayberry downgrade brachycephalic tree body framework
Shaping and trimming method.
Background technique
Red bayberry is China's local product fruits, and Ningbo City is one of source area of red bayberry, counts office data according to Ningbo City in 2015,
26.5 ten thousand mu of area of the whole city, the whole city in 2014 red bayberry garden, accounts for the 34.8% of whole city's orchard area, is the maximum fruit kind of cultivated area
Class.City's red bayberry cultivation history is long, and currently still based on traditional extensive management pattern, the most tree body of red bayberry is tall and big, Gao Zheke
Up to 10m or more, tree body is tall and big to lead to that red bayberry beginning fruiting period is slow, yield and quality is unstable, modern production technology is difficult to apply, increases picking
Cost and picking difficulty, and the red bayberry maturity period happens rainy season, tree body is wet and slippery, causes security risk, all has every year because red bayberry is picked
Injury to personnel event is caused to occur.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to be directed to state of the art, a kind of more major branches dwarfing circles of red bayberry are provided
The shaping and trimming method of head dummy tree body framework is constructed more major branches and is downgraded according to red bayberry tree body growth characteristics by pruning
Brachycephalic tree body framework, downgrades tree body, promotes red bayberry early fruiting and high yield, while convenient for red bayberry picking and daily management.
The technical scheme of the invention to solve the technical problem is:
A kind of more major branches of red bayberry downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body framework, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, chooses raw sapling field planting in 4 years, and field planting sapling requires are as follows: sapling well developed root system, fibrous root are more；Trunk is sturdy,
3 cm of trunk diameter to 4 cm, trunk high 15 cm to 20 cm, graft union healing is good, the firm connection of anvil fringe；Branch is healthy and strong, no disease pest
Evil, mechanical damage, tree-like complete, tree up to arrives 1m, and crown diameter reaches 1.2m；It is main using 4 to 6, major branch of strong prosperous branch culture
Branch is evenly distributed, and horizontal base angle is in 35 ° to 55 °；
Step 2 the 1st year to the 2nd year after sapling field planting, to the equally distributed major branch selected and remain, by support branch, draws branch,
Make major branch and horizontal base angle in 30 ° to 45 °；To major branch after appropriate retraction at 50 cm to 60 cm, the preferable side in position is utilized
Raw enriching shoot culture secondary main branch, culture is big side shoot after remaining Johnson & Johnson branch is spaced 30cm or so cutting back 2/3, extra and back strong
Raw branch is deleted；
Step 3, after the 3rd year, the early autumn growth after the spring tip, retraction 1/3 go it is weak stay strong, appropriate dredge is deleted, the strong prosperous tip, Winter hardness
It all wipes out, overstocked, intersection and the side shoot far from skeleton branch are removed and bounced back in time, keep inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light；
Step 4 after the 5th year, into the best fruiting period, repeats step 3, makes to set high control in 2.5 m to 3.0 m, hat width control
For system in 3.0 m to 3.5 m, the more major branches maintained downgrade brachycephalic tree body framework.
To optimize above-mentioned technical proposal, the concrete measure taken further include:
When passing through support branch to major branch in above-mentioned step two, draw branch, the spreading angle of lower section major branch is made to be greater than top major branch
Spreading angle.
In above-mentioned step two, each major branch is equipped with 2 to 3 secondary main branches, and the spreading angle of secondary main branch is horizontal base angle
15 ° to 30 °, less than the spreading angle of major branch at the same level, and the horizontal sextant angle with 30 ° to 45 ° of major branch at the same level formation.
In above-mentioned step two, each secondary main branch stays 3 to 5 big side shoots.
In above-mentioned step three, decline side shoot and the branch of excessive growth, early autumn growth on descending branch make innovation shoot, appropriate to bounce back.
In above-mentioned step three, overstocked branch, crossing branch, sick branch are cut off from base portion.
The trimming of above-mentioned step two branch into step 4, is cut with the summer of the spring pruning in April, July and is cut with the autumn and winter in November
Based on.
Above-mentioned more major branches downgrade brachycephalic tree body framework, and trunk high 20 cm to 25 cm, is distributed by 4 to 6, major branch
In 55 cm to 65cm wide shaping strip, major branch and horizontal base angle are in 30 ° to 45 °, are uniformly distributed, do not overlap；On each major branch
Secondary main branch 2 to 3 are equipped with, 15 ° to 30 ° of horizontal base angle；It is distributed greatly on major branch or secondary main branch using gap and space uniform
Side shoot 3 to 5；Skeleton branch length at different levels are appropriate, and subordinate relation is obvious.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by field planting, trimming, the shaping to 4 years raw saplings, so that tree body be effectively reduced
Highly, it controls the height of adult tree body in 2.5m to 3m, is downgraded by tree body, reduce picking difficulty and management cost, promote
Red bayberry high and stable yield improves the quality of red bayberry.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is 4 years raw field planting sapling tree body framework schematic diagrames in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that more major branches downgrade brachycephalic bearing tree body frame schematic diagram in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
A kind of more major branches of red bayberry of the present invention downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body framework, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, chooses raw sapling (Fig. 1) field planting in 4 years, and field planting sapling requires are as follows: sapling well developed root system, fibrous root are more；Trunk
Sturdy, trunk diameter is up to 3 cm to 4 cm, trunk high 15 cm to 20 cm, and graft union healing is good, the firm connection of anvil fringe；Branch is strong
Strong, no disease and pests harm, mechanical damage, tree-like complete, tree up to arrives 1m, and crown diameter reaches 1.2m；Utilize 4, major branch of strong prosperous branch culture
To 6, major branch is evenly distributed, and horizontal base angle is in 35 ° to 55 °；
Step 2 the 1st year to the 2nd year after sapling field planting, to the equally distributed major branch selected and remain, by support branch, draws branch,
Make major branch and horizontal base angle in 30 ° to 45 °, and makes the major branch spreading angle of lower section greater than the major branch of top；To major branch in 50 cm
At to 60 cm after appropriate retraction, using the raw enriching shoot culture secondary main branch in the preferable side in position, it is main that each major branch is equipped with 2 to 3 pairs
Branch, the spreading angle of secondary main branch are 15 ° to 30 ° of horizontal base angle, and are less than the spreading angle of major branch at the same level, and with major branch shape at the same level
At 30 ° to 45 ° of horizontal sextant angle；Culture is big side shoot after remaining Johnson & Johnson branch interval 30cm or so cutting back 2/3, and each secondary main branch is stayed
3 to 5 big side shoots, extra and back Johnson & Johnson's branch are deleted；
Step 3, after the 3rd year, the early autumn growth after the spring tip, retraction 1/3 go it is weak stay strong, appropriate dredge is deleted, the strong prosperous tip, Winter hardness
It all wipes out, overstocked, intersection and the side shoot far from skeleton branch are removed and bounced back in time, keep inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light；Decline
The branch of excessive growth, early autumn growth on side shoot and descending branch make innovation shoot, appropriate to bounce back, and overstocked branch, crossing branch, sick branch are cut off from base portion；
Step 4 after the 5th year, into the best fruiting period, repeats step 3, makes to set high control in 2.5 m to 3.0 m, hat width control
For system in 3.0 m to 3.5 m, the more major branches maintained downgrade brachycephalic tree body framework.
Shaping and trimming method: growth period trimmed in April~October, and dormant pruning is in March November to next year, with April
Spring pruning, the summer in July cut to be cut to lead with the autumn and winter in November.
Above-mentioned more major branches downgrade brachycephalic tree body framework (Fig. 2), trunk high 20 cm to 25 cm, and 4 to 6, major branch
It is a, it is distributed in the wide shaping strip of 55 cm to 65cm (about 60cm), major branch and horizontal base angle are in 30 ° to 45 °, are uniformly distributed, mutually not
Overlapping；Secondary main branch 2 to 3 are equipped on each major branch, 15 ° to 30 ° of horizontal base angle；On major branch or secondary main branch using gap and
Space uniform distribution is side shoot 3 to 5 big；Skeleton branch length at different levels are appropriate, and subordinate relation is obvious.
Embodiment one:
4 years raw field planting saplings: trunk diameter 4cm, trunk high 20cm, plant height 1.1m, crown diameter 1.2m, 5, major branch, horizontal base angle divides
Wei not be 40 °, 42 °, 42 °, 50 °, 53 °；When raw to 10 years after downgrading pruning: trunk diameter 13.2cm, the high 22cm of trunk, plant height
2.5m, crown diameter 2.6m, 4, major branch, horizontal base angle is respectively 35 °, and 40 °, 40 °, 44 °, the secondary main branch on every major branch is respectively 3
It is a, 4,3,3.
Embodiment two:
4 years raw field planting saplings: trunk diameter 3.5cm, trunk high 18cm, plant height 1m, crown diameter 1.2m, 6, major branch, horizontal base angle is
42 °, 45 °, 43 °, 50 °, 52 °, 54 °: when raw to 10 years after downgrading pruning: trunk diameter 12.6cm, the high 23cm of trunk, tree are high
2.6m, crown diameter 2.6m, 5, major branch, 30 ° of horizontal base angle, 32 °, 35 °, 35 °, 41 °, 44 °, the secondary main branch difference 4 on every major branch
It is a, 3,4,3,5,3.
Highly preferred embodiment of the present invention has been elucidated with, and the various change or remodeling made by those of ordinary skill in the art are all
It is without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of more major branches of red bayberry downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body framework, it is characterized in that: the following steps are included:
Step 1, chooses raw sapling field planting in 4 years, and field planting sapling requires are as follows: sapling well developed root system, fibrous root are more；Trunk is sturdy, trunk diameter
Up to 3 cm to 4 cm, trunk high 15 cm to 20 cm, graft union healing is good, the firm connection of anvil fringe；Branch is healthy and strong, no disease pest
Evil, mechanical damage, tree-like complete, tree up to arrives 1m, and crown diameter reaches 1 .2m；It is main using 4 to 6, major branch of strong prosperous branch culture
Branch is evenly distributed, and horizontal base angle is in 35 ° to 55 °；
Step 2 the 1st year to the 2nd year after sapling field planting, to the equally distributed major branch selected and remain, by support branch, draws branch, makes to lead
Branch is in 30 ° to 45 ° with horizontal base angle, and makes the major branch spreading angle of lower section greater than the major branch of top；To major branch in 50 cm to 60
At cm after appropriate retraction, using the raw enriching shoot culture secondary main branch in the preferable side in position, each major branch is equipped with 2 to 3 secondary main branches, secondary
The spreading angle of major branch is 15 ° to 30 ° of horizontal base angle, and is less than the spreading angle of major branch at the same level, and forms 30 ° with major branch at the same level
To 45 ° of horizontal sextant angle；Culture is big side shoot after 30cm or so the cutting back 2/3 of remaining Johnson & Johnson branch interval, each secondary main branch stay 3 extremely
5 big side shoots, extra and back Johnson & Johnson's branch are deleted；
Step 3, after the 3rd year, the early autumn growth after the spring tip, retraction 1/3 go it is weak stay strong, appropriate dredge is deleted, and the strong prosperous tip, Winter hardness are whole
It wipes out, overstocked, intersection and the side shoot far from skeleton branch are removed and bounced back in time, keep inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light；Fail side shoot
Make innovation shoot with the branch of excessive growth, the early autumn growth on descending branch, fit retraction, overstocked branch, crossing branch, sick branch are cut off from base portion；
Step 4 after the 5th year, into the best fruiting period, repeats step 3, makes to set high control in 2 .5 m to 3 .0 m, hat width control
In 3 .0 m to 3 .5 m, the more major branches maintained downgrade brachycephalic tree body framework；
The trimming of the branch into step 4 of above-mentioned steps two, is cut with the summer of the spring pruning in April, July and is cut to lead with the autumn and winter in November；
The major branch is distributed in 55 cm to 65cm wide shaping strip；Gap and space uniform are utilized on major branch or secondary main branch
It is distributed big side shoot 3 to 5；Skeleton branch length at different levels are appropriate, and subordinate relation is obvious.
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| CN106941996A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-07-14 | 丽江市古城区班美课种养殖有限公司 | The shaping and trimming method that one seed pod Japanese apricot is stingless |
| CN107466787A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-15 | 无为县雲桃家庭农场 | The pruning method of one planting fruit-trees |
| CN108174709B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-12-29 | 湖北民族学院 | Method for shaping and trimming dwarf tree form of idesia polycarpa |
| CN114097458A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-03-01 | 烟台现代果业发展有限公司 | Apple shaping and trimming method |
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Effective date of registration: 20210616 Address after: No. 220, Baoshan Road, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000 Patentee after: NINGBO AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION MASTER STATION Address before: 315012 Zhejiang Province, Ningbo city Haishu District Baoshan Road 143 Lane 85 Patentee before: TECHNOLOGY EXTENSION CENTER FOR FORESTRY AND SPECIALTY FOREST PRODUCTS |