CN103003746B - 具有改进的耐用性的spd薄膜和光阀叠层 - Google Patents
具有改进的耐用性的spd薄膜和光阀叠层 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103003746B CN103003746B CN201180034705.XA CN201180034705A CN103003746B CN 103003746 B CN103003746 B CN 103003746B CN 201180034705 A CN201180034705 A CN 201180034705A CN 103003746 B CN103003746 B CN 103003746B
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- moistureproof
- lamination
- latex
- suspended particulate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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Abstract
一种防潮悬浮颗粒设备薄膜,该薄膜包括:固化悬浮颗粒设备乳胶,该固化悬浮颗粒设备乳胶具有分布在所述固化乳胶中的多个液体光阀悬浮液非交联液滴;第一玻璃或塑料薄片和第二玻璃或塑料薄片,所述薄片从所述固化乳胶向外布置并且将所述固化乳胶夹在中间,其中位于所述第一薄片和所述第二薄片中的每一者的内面上的邻近所述固化乳胶的是薄的透明导电涂层,所述涂层用作电极以允许施加的电场通过所述固化乳胶;以及位于所述薄膜的整个外围边缘部分周围的防潮挡板,其中所述挡板由用于消除或至少减少湿气从所述薄膜外部进入到所述固化乳胶中的挡板材料组成,从而防止所述薄膜中由所述湿气引起的光帧图案的显影。本公开也公开了形成包括上述薄膜的叠层以及形成此薄膜和叠层的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于2010年7月13日提交的、名称为“SPDFILMSANDLIGHTVALVELAMINATESWITHIMPROVEDDURABILITY”的美国临时专利申请序列号No.61/363,934并要求该申请的优先权,该申请的全部内容通过引用合并到本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及在光阀中使用的薄膜和薄膜叠层,该光阀包括液体颗粒悬浮液(suspension),通常在本文中将光阀称为悬浮颗粒设备或SPD光阀,或简称为SPD。所述SPD薄膜被处理以移除捕获的湿气,随后应用用于防止湿气进入SPD薄膜预叠层和可选地后叠层的边缘的装置。
背景技术
已知SPD光阀已经应用于光的调制方面有70多年了。在这期间,这种光阀已经被应用于许多应用中,包括例如字母数字显示器和电视显示器;用于灯具、相机、显示器和光纤的滤波器;以及窗户、天窗、玩具、遮阳板、眼镜、护目镜、镜子、光导管等,用于控制通过其中或从其反射的光的量。窗户的示例包括但不限于商业建筑、温室和住宅的建筑窗户,车辆、船、火车、飞机和宇宙飞船的窗户、遮阳板和天窗,包括窥视孔的门的窗户,电器用具(例如包括隔室的烤箱和冰箱)的窗户。
如此处使用的,术语“光阀”描述了由具有小距离间隔的两个墙体所形成的单元,其中至少一个墙体是透明的。所述墙体上有电极,所述电极通常是透明的导电涂层的形式。可选地,所述墙体上的所述电极上可以具有薄的透明介电保护涂层(overcoating)。所述单元包含光调制元件(有时在本文中被称作可激活(activatable)材料),该光调制元件可以是但不限于液体颗粒悬浮液。可替换地,整个元件的全部或一部分可以包括塑料薄膜,在该塑料薄膜中分布着液体颗粒悬浮液液滴(droplet)。
所述液体悬浮液(有时在本文中被称作光阀悬浮液或液体光阀悬浮液)包括悬浮在液体悬浮介质中的小颗粒。在不存在被施加的电场的情况下,液体悬浮液中的颗粒由于布朗运动而呈现随机位置。所以,取决于颗粒的单元结构、性质和浓度以及光的内能(energycontent),进入单元中的光束被反射、传输或吸收。因此,所述光阀在关闭状态下是相对黑暗的。然而,当电场通过所述光阀中的液体光阀悬浮液而被施加时,所述颗粒变得被对准,从而对于许多悬浮液而言,大部分的光可以通过所述单元。因此,所述光阀在导通状态时是相对透明的。
对于许多应用,优选所有或部分的可激活材料即光调制元件是塑料薄膜而非液体悬浮液。例如,在被用作可变光传输窗的光阀中,由于流体静压力效应(例如,与光悬浮液的高列(highcolumnoflightsuspension)相关联的膨胀)能够通过使用薄膜来避免而且可能泄露的风险也能够被避免,所以其中分布着液体悬浮液的液滴的塑料薄膜比单独的液体悬浮液更可取。使用塑料薄膜的另一个优势是,在塑料薄膜中,所述颗粒通常仅仅存在于非常小的液滴中,因此,当用电压将所述薄膜反复激活时所述颗粒并不明显凝聚。
本文中使用的光阀薄膜(有时在本文中也称作SPD薄膜)是指薄膜或薄片或它们中的不止一者,所述薄膜或薄片包括用于或意欲在SPD光阀中使用的颗粒悬浮液。这种光阀薄膜通常包括液体的不连续非交联(uncrosslinked)相,该液体包括称为液体光阀悬浮液的分散颗粒,这种不连续相被分散在被封闭在一个或多个刚性或柔性固态薄膜或薄片内的固化的(cured)连续相各处。形成光阀薄膜的一部分的固化乳胶有时也被称作薄膜或薄膜层。所述光阀薄膜和/或光阀薄膜的叠层也可以包括一个或多个额外的层,例如但不限于薄膜、涂层或薄片或它们的组合,其可以提供具有下述特征中的一者或多者的光阀薄膜,例如:(1)抗划伤性;(2)防紫外线照射;(3)红外能的反射;(4)用于传输施加的电场或磁场到可激活材料的导电性;(5)介电保护涂层、着色和声控。
SPD薄膜的公共结构可以包括(但不限于)例如五层,也就是说按照次序从第一侧到与第一侧相对立的第二侧:(1)第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(“PET”)塑料薄片,一般为5-7mil(毫英寸)厚;(2)位于第一PET薄片上的非常薄的透明铟锡氧化物(“ITO”)导电涂层,其扮演或能够扮演电极;(3)固化的(即交联的)SPD乳胶层,通常为2-5mil厚;以及(4)第二ITO涂层,其扮演或能够扮演位于第二PET塑料基板上的电极;(5)第二PET塑料基板。如上所述,提供其他功能的额外的层可以可选地被添加到上面描述的五层SPD薄膜中。典型地,铜箔、导电织物等被粘贴到所述电极上,以便它们延伸到SPD薄膜的周边之外以方便地连接到适当的电压源。此外,所述SPD薄膜能够与例如透明的热熔粘结夹层薄膜和/或玻璃或更厚的透明塑料薄片层叠,以提供强度和刚度并且避免组合单元的各种部件遭受环境应力,该环境应力会以其他方式损害组合单元的性能特性。
美国专利No.5,409,734示出了一种通过从均质溶液的相分离制造的非交联光阀薄膜。由乳胶的交联(固化)制成的光阀薄膜是已知的。本发明的方法特别地涉及后一种类型薄膜(即包括由对乳胶进行交联所形成的层的薄膜)的使用,以及涉及用其产生的层叠薄膜。请见例如美国专利No.5,463,491和5,463,492以及美国专利7,361,252都被转让给本发明的受让人。各种类型的SPD乳胶以及对其进行固化的方法在美国专利No.6,301,040、6,416,827和6,900,923B2中描述,所有这些专利都被转让给本发明的受让人。
根据US6,900,923B2的示例5的薄膜的非限制性示例如下:0.002克的Irgacure819(汽巴精化有限公司(CibaSpecialtyChemicals))光敏引发剂(“PI”)被溶解到2毫升的氯仿中并且被添加到在示例1中描述的1克的母体(matrix)聚合物中。所述PI溶液完全地与所述母体聚合物混合并且通过放置所述混合物于60℃的真空干燥箱内30分钟来除去溶剂氯仿。然后向其中添加包含甲基丙烯酸月桂酯(laurylmethacrylate)/HEMA悬浮聚合物(0.56克,如在示例3中所合成的)的0.62克多碘化合物结晶糊(crystalpaste)。所得到的混合物被完全地混合以及通过使用刮墨刀将所获得的乳胶应用到导电涂层聚酯基板上作为2mil厚的涂层,该涂层与空白导电涂层聚酯基板紧密配合并且用紫外线(8600mJ/cm2/min)固化2分30秒。
这种薄膜和它的变型可以通过由将所述薄膜暴露于(1)紫外线、(2)电子束或(3)高温中而引起的交联进行固化。
在本申请中引用的所有专利和专利申请以及其它文献都通过引用合并到本申请中。
进一步讲,各种液体光阀悬浮液在本领域中是已知的,并且根据本领域技术人员所公知的技术容易地形成了这样的悬浮液。如上面指出的,术语“液体光阀悬浮液”当在本文中使用时意指液体悬浮介质,其中在该液体悬浮介质中分散着多个小颗粒。所述液体悬浮介质包括一种或多种无水的、耐电液体,其中在该无水的耐电液体中优选溶解至少一种类型的聚合物稳定剂,该聚合物稳定剂的作用是减少颗粒凝聚的趋势并且使颗粒保持分散和悬浮。
在本发明中有益的液体光阀悬浮液可以包括之前被提出用于光阀中以悬浮所述颗粒的所谓的现有技术液体悬浮介质中的任意一种,那些液体悬浮介质对于本领域技术人员而言是众所周知的。在本申请中有用的、本领域公知的液体悬浮介质包括但不限于在美国专利No.4,247,175、4,407,565、4,772,103、5,409,734、5,461,506、5,463,492以及6,936,193B2中公开的液体悬浮介质,这些申请的公开内容都通过引用合并到本申请中。总之,选择悬浮介质或典型地溶解于其中的聚合物稳定剂中的一者或两者,以使悬浮颗粒保持重力平衡。
所述聚合物稳定剂在被使用时能够是单个类型的固态聚合物,其键合到所述颗粒的表面上但是其也溶解在无水液体中,该无水液体包括液体悬浮介质。可替换地,可以存在着用作聚合物稳定剂系统的两种或更多种固态聚合物稳定剂。例如,所述颗粒能够涂覆有第一类型的固态聚合物稳定剂(例如硝化纤维),实际上,第一类型的固态聚合物稳定剂在溶解时能够与一种或多种其他类型的固态聚合物稳定剂一起为所述颗粒提供平面涂层,该一种或多种其他类型的固态聚合物稳定剂在被溶解时键合到或关联到第一类型的固态聚合物稳定剂而且也溶解在所述液体悬浮介质中以为所述颗粒提供分散和位阻保护作用(stericprotection)。而且,液体聚合物稳定剂可以用于提供益处,特别是在SPD光阀薄膜中,如例如在美国专利No.5,463,492中描述的。
无机或有机颗粒可以在光阀悬浮液中使用,以及这样的颗粒可以是电磁光谱可见部分中的光吸收或光反射。
传统的SPD光阀通常采用胶体(colloidal)大小的颗粒。如本文中使用的,术语“胶体”的意思是所述颗粒通常具有平均1微米或更少的最大尺寸。优选地,用于或意欲在SPD光阀悬浮液中使用的大部分多卤化物或非多卤化物类型的颗粒将具有平均0.3微米或更少的最大尺寸以及更优选地平均少于蓝光波长的一半,即少于2000埃,以使光散射保持非常低。
现有技术中的SPD薄膜和包括这种SPD薄膜的叠层能够在所述SPD薄膜的周边处显影图案,在该周边处浅蓝色区域或“光帧”是可见的。当所述SPD薄膜或所述SPD薄膜的叠层暴露于高温和/或湿气下时,所述光帧显影。
如上所述,所述SPD薄膜或SPD薄膜的叠层在升高的温度和/或湿度中的延长暴露能够引起光帧出现。被转让给本发明的受让人的美国专利No.7,361,252描述了用于密封所述SPD薄膜的边缘以防止热熔粘结夹层材料接触到固化SPD乳胶的胶带的使用。然而,在那种情况下的胶带被用作针对夹层材料的物理障碍,因而并不具有抗湿性能。
现有SPD薄膜的另一个缺陷是,如果没有采取措施将SPD薄膜与这种湿气的来源相隔离,则随着时间的变化,固化乳胶倾向于通过所述SPD薄膜的暴露边缘吸收湿气。SPD薄膜或SPD薄膜的叠层随后在升高的温度和/或湿度中的暴露能够导致诸如上述的光帧这样的缺陷。
PCT/GB2010/051566描述了将夹层干燥到预定的湿气含量以减少或消除SPD的恶化。然而,该申请没有考虑到所述SPD薄膜自身、用于防止湿气接触所述SPD薄膜的防潮挡板材料或用于防止湿气进入所述SPD叠层的防潮边框材料的湿气含量。
因此,本申请的发明人致力于开发一种用于制造在此描述的类型的光阀的技术,其中不期望光帧的出现被消除或至少被大幅地减少。
发明内容
因此,在第一实施方式中,通过下述方式来消除或至少大幅地减少光帧的出现:(1)除去SPD薄膜中捕获的至少一些湿气;以及(2)在将SPD薄膜合并到SPD叠层内之前在SPD薄膜的边缘周围提供防潮挡板。下列的非限制性示例使用了特殊牌子的防潮胶带,但是可以理解的是,具有或被描述成具有防潮性能的任意胶带(包括排斥水和湿气的斥水材料)都适合于用作围绕所述SPD薄膜的边缘的挡板,包括但不限于硅树脂、含氟聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物、聚氨酯橡胶和环氧树脂。本领域技术人员公知的叠层条件和实践以及具有多层夹层/玻璃或塑料基板并包括之前描述的附加层的SPD薄膜的各种配置能够被应用到在此描述的任何实施方式中。用于层叠SPD薄膜的过程的非限制性概括在被转让给本发明的受让人的美国专利No.7,361,252中描述。该过程涉及创建“堆叠”,该堆叠依次包括第一玻璃薄片、第一夹层薄片、所述SPD薄膜(其包括夹在两个涂覆ITO的PET基板薄片之间的固化SPD乳胶)、第二夹层薄片和第二玻璃薄片,所有这些都大体上彼此叠合放置。所述堆叠被放置在位于雕刻压机(CarverPress)内的真空袋中以及施加强真空(大于29英寸的水银)。所述压机的压盘之后被布置以接触未层叠堆叠的外部并且它们的温度被提升以影响所述堆叠内的夹层的熔化。然后,所述压盘被冷却以凝固用于将实施堆叠粘结到SPD叠层内的夹层。
在又一实施方式中,所述薄膜还被层叠到一个或多个从该薄膜向外布置的附加薄膜、层板等上,附加地采取用于保持在形成所述叠层中使用的夹层材料中的低湿气含量的步骤,所述叠层包括所述SPD薄膜,而且防潮键合材料被添加以形成用于密封如此产生的所述SPD叠层的边缘的边框。尽管特殊品牌的防潮键合材料在随后的非限制性示例中被使用,但是可以理解的是,包括排斥水和湿气的斥水材料的任意键合材料,包括但不限于硅树脂、含氟聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物、聚氨酯橡胶和环氧树脂,都适合于用作围绕所述SPD叠层的边缘的边框。因此,该实施方式包括:(1)从SPD薄膜中消除一些或所有的任意所捕获的湿气;(2)提供围绕所述薄膜的防潮挡板;(3)将所述薄膜层叠到一个或多个额外的薄膜、层板、层等上;以及(4)用额外的防潮键合材料来进一步密封所得到的SPD叠层的边缘。
如上面指出的,在形成所述SPD叠层时使用的夹层材料的湿气含量被尽可能可行地减小,以保护或至少减少湿气向所述薄膜的迁移。SPD叠层中使用的适当的夹层材料包括但不限于乙烯、聚乙烯丁醛和聚氨酯。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的SPD薄膜的平面视图,其中所述薄膜被防潮挡板材料层所围绕。
图2是层叠到从SPD薄膜向外布置的额外层板上的SPD薄膜的分解图。示出了实际上在所述薄膜的整个外边缘周围延伸的防潮挡板材料,为了方便仅仅展示出所述薄膜的“上”边缘;以及
图3是图2中所示的叠层的分解图,其中由防潮材料形成的边框层实际上在所述叠层的整个边缘周围延伸,为了方便仅展示出所述叠层的上边缘。
具体实施方式
SPD薄膜和包括这种SPD薄膜的叠层在给定条件下被暴露在升高的温度中以及观察到如下结果:
在环境湿度下暴露在100℃的炉中的SPD薄膜在4天内显影光帧。
被放置在大约.001托真空度的真空干燥器中的SPD薄膜被暴露在80℃炉中4天紧接着90℃炉中14天,因此没有发现光帧。这论证了湿气(来自空气)与升高的温度的组合是所述光帧出现的原因,同时湿气是主要因素。
通过使用在被转让给本发明的受让人的美国专利No.7,361,252中描述的层叠条件而被层叠在具有夹层材料薄片的两层玻璃之间的SPD薄膜没有显影光帧。然而,将这些SPD叠层暴露于100℃炉中确实导致在4天内出现所述光帧。
因此,为了进一步研究湿气对于SPD薄膜和SPD薄膜的叠层中光帧的出现的影响,具有不同配置的薄膜和叠层被放置于其下部中有水库的腔室的上部中。具有允许水蒸气通过的孔的陶瓷板避免了所述SPD薄膜和叠层与干燥器的底部中的液态水直接接触。将该腔室放置于60℃炉中在场中建立了SPD薄膜和SPD叠层将通常不被暴露到的高温、高湿度环境。然而,这些极端条件被建立,以便在合理的时段内获得有意义的测试结果。包含样本的湿气饱和腔室被放置在60℃炉中以及观察到如下结果:
被放置于60℃的湿气饱和腔室中的没有边缘保护的SPD薄膜在暴露22小时后显影光帧。
被放置于60℃的湿气饱和腔室中的将透明胶带作为边缘保护的SPD薄膜在暴露24小时后显影光帧。
被放置于60℃的湿气饱和干燥室中的将防潮透明共聚甲醛胶带(由McMaster-carr,Robbinsville,NJ制造的McMasterPart#3402A14)作为边缘保护的SPD薄膜在暴露48小时后显影光帧。
被放置于60℃的湿气饱和干燥室中的将具有硅酮粘结剂的特氟龙透明胶带(由McMaster-carr,Robbinsville,NJ制造的McMasterPart#7562A11)作为边缘保护的SPD薄膜在暴露48小时后显影光帧。
上述讨论的结果证明在SPD薄膜的边缘周围存在防潮胶带延迟了但不能阻止光帧。
为了进一步研究在在SPD薄膜和SPD薄膜的叠层中出现光帧的情况下从SPD薄膜和夹层中去除湿气的影响,SPD薄膜和夹层被放置于在底部有干燥剂库的干燥器的上部中。所述夹层之前被存储于相对湿度小于25%的湿度控制区域中。所述干燥剂可以是任何的已知类型,包括但不限于硅胶、氧化钙、硫酸钙和分子筛。有孔的陶瓷板防止所述SPD薄膜和叠层直接接触所述干燥器底部中的所述干燥剂。包含SPD薄膜和夹层的干燥的干燥器被抽空到.001托的压力并且保持在此真空3天。上面描述的干燥技术仅仅用于阐述本发明的目的。也就是说,用于实现相同目的的各种替换技术对于本领域普通技术人员而言是公知的,这些技术也被视作包含在本发明的范围中。这些干燥的SPD薄膜和包括这些干燥的SPD薄膜和干燥的夹层的具有不同配置的叠层被放置于在干燥器的底部有水库的干燥器的上部中。包含样本的湿气饱和干燥器被放置在60℃炉中以及观察到如下结果:
被放置于60℃的湿气饱和腔室中的用防潮透明共聚甲醛胶带(McMasterPart#3402A14)作为挡板的干燥的SPD薄膜在暴露72小时后显影光帧。
被放置于60℃的湿气饱和腔室中的将具有硅酮粘结剂的特氟龙透明胶带(McMasterPart#7562All)作为挡板的干燥的SPD薄膜在暴露48小时后显影光帧。
将具有硅酮粘结剂的特氟龙透明胶带(McMasterPart#7562All)作为挡板的另一个干燥的SPD薄膜通过两个干燥的乙烯脂(EVA)夹层薄片(SekisuiS-LECEN,16mil厚,由SekisuiAmerica,MountLaurelNJ制造)而被层叠到两层玻璃之间。产生的SPD叠层被放置于处于环境湿度中的85℃炉中,且在暴露394天后未显影光帧。
将具有硅酮粘结剂的特氟龙透明胶带(McMasterPart#7562All)作为挡板的另一个干燥的SPD薄膜通过两个干燥的聚氨酯夹层薄片(DeerfieldA4700,25mil厚,由DeerfieldUrethane,aBayer公司,WhatelyMA制造)而被层叠到两层玻璃之间。产生的SPD叠层被放置于60℃的湿气饱和腔室中,且仅在暴露78天后显影光帧。
将具有硅酮粘结剂的特氟龙透明胶带(McMasterPart#7562All)作为挡板的另一个干燥的SPD薄膜通过两个干燥的聚氨酯夹层薄片(DeerfieldA4700,25mil厚)而被层叠到两层玻璃之间。另外,所述SPD叠层的边缘用热熔胶(ThermogripGS12,由Wauwatosa,WI的Bostik制造)的边框密封。产生的SPD叠层被放置于60℃的湿气饱和腔室中,且仅在暴露116天后显影光帧。
本申请中所包括的附图用来阐述根据本发明生产的SPD薄膜和SPD叠层的若干可能的结构。然而,它们不应该被认为是用于限制本发明,因为许多可替换的布置(如,可选地利用在SPD领域中熟悉的已知的各种不同材料)可以很容易被至少本领域普通技术人员想起。
如上面指出的,图1提供了在一个可能的非限制性实施方式中的SPD薄膜(1)的平面图即俯视图(从第一侧到与第一侧相对立的第二侧):(a)第一聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(“PET”)塑料薄片,一般为5-7mil厚;(b)位于第一PET薄片上的非常薄的透明铟锡氧化物(“ITO”)导电涂层,其扮演或者可以扮演电极;(c)固化的(即交联的)SPD乳胶层,通常为2-5mil厚;以及(d)第二ITO涂层,其扮演或能够扮演位于第二PET塑料基板上的电极;(5)第二PET塑料基板。
所述薄膜在它的整个外部外围边缘周围被由至少一层防潮挡板材料形成的“密封层”(2)所环绕。密封层(2)可以由单个组件组成,完全围绕所述薄膜的外缘延伸,或密封层(2)可以由两个或更多个这种组件组成,如接合在一起的条以形成整体式密封层(2)组件。
根据本发明的在薄膜周围产生所述密封层(2)时有用的挡板材料的一个非限制性示例是上面所述的防潮透明胶带,其由McMasters根据Part#3402A14生产和销售。
图2提供了被层叠到从薄膜(1)开始并邻近薄膜(1)向外布置的若干额外层上的SPD薄膜(1)的分解图。如图1所示布置情况的薄膜(1)沿着它的外层边缘被由防潮挡板材料所形成的密封层(2)完全环绕。然而,为了方便,仅仅展示了所述挡板密封层(2)的上部,即沿着所述薄膜的上边缘。此外,通过使用诸如由乙烯脂(EVA)形成的粘结夹层(3)而被层叠到所述薄膜(1)的相对立的第一表面和第二表面上的是附加层(4),该附加层(4)可以是诸如玻璃或塑料薄片的形式。层(4)可以用于多种目的,包括例如(i)抗划伤性、(ii)防止紫外线照射、(iii)红外线能量反射等中的一者或多者。
图3所示的布置以图2所示的布置为基础,因为图3阐述了包含图2所示的叠层的布置,其中所述叠层还被额外的挡板(如防潮材料的边框(5))所环绕,以用作与挡板(4)相同的目的。边框(5)可以包含与用于形成挡板(4)的防潮材料相同或者不同的防潮材料。进一步地,以与挡板密封层(4)相类似的方式,边框(5)可以由围绕所述SPD叠层的整个外缘延伸的单个组件组成,或可以由接合在一起以形成边框(5)的多个条组成。许多防潮粘结材料在本领域中都是公知的,以及将用于期望目的的任何材料都在生产根据本发明的所述薄膜和叠层时被证明是有用的。以与图2类似的方式,在图3中,挡板密封层(4)和边框(5)被示出分别仅仅沿着所述薄膜和所述叠层的上外层边缘,但是这样仅仅是为了方便,实际上,挡板密封层(4)和边框(5)完全地围绕所述薄膜和叠层的外部外围边缘延伸。
Claims (22)
1.一种防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,包括:
a)固化悬浮颗粒设备乳胶,该固化悬浮颗粒设备乳胶具有分布在所述固化乳胶中的多个液体光阀悬浮液非交联液滴;
b)第一玻璃或塑料薄片和第二玻璃或塑料薄片,所述薄片从所述固化乳胶向外布置并且将所述固化乳胶夹在中间,其中位于所述第一薄片和所述第二薄片中的每一者的内面上的邻近所述固化乳胶的是薄的透明导电涂层,所述涂层用作电极以允许施加的电场通过所述固化乳胶,以及
c)位于所述薄膜的整个外围边缘部分周围的防潮挡板,其中所述挡板由胶带组成,该胶带包括从由硅树脂、含氟聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物、聚氨酯橡胶和环氧树脂组成的组中挑选的至少一种斥水材料,其中所述至少一种斥水材料用于消除或至少减少湿气从所述薄膜外部进入到所述固化乳胶中,从而防止所述薄膜中由所述湿气引起的光帧图案的显影。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中所述防潮挡板由完全围绕所述薄膜的外围边缘延伸的单个组件组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中所述防潮挡板由两个或更多个分离的组件组成,所述组件彼此相邻放置以形成完全围绕所述薄膜的外围边缘延伸的所述挡板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中所述第一薄片和所述第二薄片由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET塑料组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中所述导电涂层包括铟锡氧化物ITO。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中所述薄膜还包括被层叠到所述薄膜的外对立表面上的一个或多个额外的层,从而形成SPD叠层,所述额外的层包括由玻璃或塑料形成的薄片,所述额外的层向所述叠层提供从由抗划伤性、防紫外线照射和红外线能量反射构成的组中所选择的至少一者。
7.根据权利要求6所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中通过位于所述薄膜和每一个额外的层之间的至少一个粘结夹层将所述一个或多个额外的层层叠到所述薄膜。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中所述至少一个粘结夹层由从由乙烯、聚乙烯丁醛和聚氨酯组成的组中挑选的材料形成。
9.根据权利要求6所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中所述叠层还被边框沿着该叠层的整个外围边缘所环绕,所述边框由从由硅树脂、含氟聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物、聚氨酯橡胶和环氧树脂组成的组中挑选的至少一种斥水材料组成,其中所述边框减少或消除湿气从所述叠层的外部进入置层内。
10.根据权利要求9所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中所述边框材料是与用于形成环绕所述薄膜的挡板的防潮材料相同或不同的防潮材料。
11.根据权利要求9所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中所述边框由完全围绕所述叠层的外围边缘延伸的单个组件组成。
12.根据权利要求9所述的防潮悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜,其中所述边框由两个或更多个分离的组件组成,所述组件彼此相邻放置以形成完全围绕所述叠层的外围边缘延伸的所述边框。
13.一种用于防止在悬浮颗粒设备SPD薄膜上形成光帧的方法,所述方法包括:
a)提供固化悬浮颗粒设备薄膜,所述薄膜包括固化悬浮颗粒设备乳胶,该固化悬浮颗粒设备乳胶具有分布在所述固化乳胶中的多个液体光阀悬浮液非交联液滴,所述薄膜还包括第一玻璃或塑料薄片和第二玻璃或塑料薄片,所述薄片从所述固化乳胶向外布置并且将所述固化乳胶夹在中间,其中位于所述第一薄片和所述第二薄片两者的内面上的邻近所述固化乳胶的是薄的透明导电涂层,所述涂层用作电极以允许施加的电场通过所述固化乳胶;以及
b)提供防潮挡板,所述挡板由胶带组成,该胶带包括围绕所述薄膜的整个外围边缘的至少一种斥水材料,所述斥水材料从由硅树脂、含氟聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物、聚氨酯橡胶和环氧树脂组成的组中挑选,其中所述挡板由用于消除或至少减少湿气从所述薄膜外部进入到所述固化乳胶中的挡板材料组成,从而防止所述薄膜中由所述湿气引起的光帧图案的显影。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述防潮挡板由完全围绕所述薄膜的外围边缘延伸的单个组件组成。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述防潮挡板由两个或更多个分离的组件组成,所述组件彼此相邻放置以形成完全围绕所述薄膜的外围边缘延伸的所述挡板。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法,该方法还包括在提供围绕所述外围边缘的所述防潮挡板之前对所述薄膜进行干燥的步骤,其中所述干燥步骤在安装所述挡板之前,移除存在于所述薄膜内的所有或至少一部分湿气。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法,该方法还包括将所述薄膜合并为叠层,除了所述薄膜之外所述叠层还包括被层叠到所述薄膜的外部对立表面上的一个或多个额外的层,所述额外的层包括由玻璃或塑料形成的薄片,所述额外的层向所述叠层提供从由抗划伤性、防止紫外线照射和红外线能量反射构成的组中所选择的至少一者,以及将由至少一种斥水材料组成的防潮边框围绕在所述叠层的整个外围边缘部分周围,以消除或至少减少湿气从所述叠层的外部进入所述叠层,因此防止在所述叠层的薄膜部分中显影光帧图案;所述斥水材料从由硅树脂、含氟聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物、聚氨酯橡胶和环氧树脂组成的组中挑选。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中通过位于所述薄膜和每一个额外的层之间的至少一个粘结夹层将所述一个或多个额外的层层叠到所述薄膜上。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述至少一个粘结夹层由从乙烯、聚乙烯丁醛和聚氨酯组成的组中被挑选的材料形成。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,该方法还包括在提供围绕所述叠层的外围边缘的所述防潮边框之前对所述至少一个粘结夹层进行干燥的步骤,其中所述干燥步骤在安装所述边框之前,移除存在于所述叠层内的所有或至少一部分湿气。
21.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述防潮边框由完全围绕所述层叠的外围边缘延伸的单个组件组成。
22.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述防潮边框由两个或更多个分离的组件组成,所述组件彼此相邻放置以形成完全围绕所述叠层的外围边缘延伸的所述边框。
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PCT/US2011/043797 WO2012009399A1 (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2011-07-13 | Spd films and light valve laminates with improved durabiltiy |
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