CN102972255B - Crop sod culture management method and selenium-rich grape field management technology - Google Patents
Crop sod culture management method and selenium-rich grape field management technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a selenium-rich grape field management technology, and belongs to the technical field of crop management. The selenium-rich grape field management technology is characterized in that a sod culture method is adopted for management in the planting of selenium-rich grapes to finally obtain a field management technology for selenium-rich grapes which is less polluted and high in selenium content by being combined with fertilization management, supplement of microelements and spraying. Due to the implementation of a selenium richening technology, the growth is promoted, the leaf function is enhanced, cold resistance, drought resistance, disease and pest resistance and other resistance are improved, the fruit volume is promoted to be expanded, the content of sugar of the fruit is increased and the sweet and sour rate is improved; furthermore, the storing resistance and the transportation resistance are improved; the organic selenium content in the fruit is increased obviously (10 to 50 mcg/kg) in comparison with local ordinary grapes and the mouth feel is excellent; and the residual pesticides and the environmental pollution are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of field management method of selenium-rich grape, particularly a kind of selenium-rich grape field management method that adopts sod culture method, belongs to crop management technical field.
Background technology
Biology enzyme is indispensable active substance in vital movement, and selenium is exactly a kind of material of activated centre of biology enzyme wherein, if human body lacks selenium, the biologically active of this kind of enzyme is just very low so.Thus, selenium is a kind of oxidation resistant main component very necessary in human body.If lack selenium, people's immunocompetence will reduce greatly, and has a kind of viewpoint to think, virus will consume in a large number selenium in reproduction process can cause scarce selenium in human body.Be found in addition ubiquity in Susceptible population and lack selenium situation.
Research shows, the total amount of selenium in human body is 14-20mg, be distributed widely in a organized way and organ, concentration is high liver, pancreas, kidney, the heart, spleen and nail, adipose tissue is minimum.It is 50-200 microgram that the daily intaking amount of selenium is recommended by Chinese Soclety of Nutrition, according to 13 provinces and regions nutrition surveys, shows: adult's selenium intake every day is 26.6 micrograms only, lack selenium situation ubiquity, healthy being on the hazard.Scientist is " solemn appeal " more: if for a long time lower than microgram every days 50, just easily cause the various diseases that comprises cancer.Therefore every day, appropriate supplement selenium became instantly concerning note people ' s health, improved the major issue of quality of life.
Cultivating selenium-rich grape, is by biotechnology principle, implements the rich selenium fertile (agent) of appointment, by biological motion viny, by inorganic selenium element absorption and be converted into organic nutrition selenoprotein, is enriched in fruit.People table grapes enjoy delicious in, reaches and supplement Organic Selenium element and promote healthy object, but the grape selenium content of implantation methods results is lower routinely, can not reach people's requirement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of reduction residue of pesticide amount is provided, reduce environmental pollution, improve the crop sod culture method of Se content, a kind of a kind of selenium-rich grape field management method that utilizes the method to realize is also provided simultaneously.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Crop sod culture method, its special character is
By the mode naturally growing up to or manually reseed, make weed growth on the vacant lot in crop field, and guarantee that ground all has grass to cover and be accompanied by the developmental process of crop, in the time of more than weed growth to 20 centimeter, 5 centimeters of above weeds overhead are manually cut off, directly on the ground, weeds can increase organic matter after rotting to weeds after cutting off;
Described weeds refer to growth root system at 5～7 centimeters, do not climb climing weeds;
For reduce the impacts of 7 centimeters of above weeds on plant growth and nutrient absorption, manually pull out root system be 7 centimeters above and climb climing weeds.
Selenium-rich grape field management method, in the process that its special character is to grow in selenium-rich grape kind, adopted above-mentioned crop sod culture method, be equipped with that fertilizing management and trace element supplement and spray medicine simultaneously, finally obtain a kind of pollute few and Se content be 10-50 microgram/kilogram selenium-rich grape;
Described fertilizing management specifically comprises:
1, spraying of foliage fertilizer:
Select rich 5128 as fertilizer sources of selenium, in grape flower bud differentiation, in the time of one week, spray for the first time, water carries out spraying on female of result and trunk of uniform and delicate after 100 times of dilutions by selenium rich 5128; The season of growth be blade grow up to yield positive results last until before gathering 20 days during in, water carries out spraying on blade and fruit ear of uniform and delicate after 200 times of dilutions by selenium rich 5128, every 12-15 days, sprays once, at least guarantees to spray for 4 times;
Spraying requires to avoid high light and rainy day, if meet rain after spraying in 8 hours, should respray, and guarantees that each medicine rate is more than 95%;
When blade grows up to, 99 plant protection, proteoglycan foliage fertilizer illustrate that by it spraying is on blade face, 5-7 days one time, finish for three times, and it is even, careful to spray;
2, the use of base manure:
Grape is selected rear branch and is stopped growing to before freeze-up, composite bacteria agent 48kg/ mu, middle trace element fertilizer 25kg/ mu, borax 2-3kg/ mu and copper sulphate 1-1.5kg/ mu are stirred, disposable the applying of ditching between two row vines, ditch depth 20-30 centimetre;
After bearing fruit, use proteoglycan 15kg/ mu, be watered 150kg 8-15 centimetre of dark the watering of ditching and execute between two row vines, then flat ditch.After this respectively water and execute once with same method with early June at the end of May.
3, supplementing of trace element:
Supplementing of trace element is mainly to determine according to grape growth nutrition condition.Specifically by grape leave growing state, judge the Condition of abundance or deficiency of various elements, then in corresponding period, supplement respectively.
1) mend potassium
See Lao Ye: blade tip is first dry, dry proof potassium deficiency in from the edge of leaf to leaf, in soil potassium deficiency magnesium is absorbed bad, so the color and luster of grape is bad.
The time of mending potassium is: mid-term is mid-June namely, 5-7 days one time, finish for continuous three times, and it is even, careful to spray.
2) mend magnesium
See Lao Ye: mesophyll is first yellow, yellow from inside to outside, as long as there is green this leaf not fall to having proved magnesium deficiency, magnesium deficiency grape color and luster is bad.
The time of mending magnesium is: early June, and 5-7 days one time, connect and spray three times end, it is even, careful to spray.
3) replenish the calcium
See the leaf growing up to: the point of blade can't pump out, such blade is to return symptom the morning of calcium deficiency.Grape calcium deficiency dehiscent fruit, decayed fruit, fruit ear are not of uniform size, then boron deficiency flowering time is different, have the large granule can not be ripe together.
The time of replenishing the calcium is: flower bud differentiation starts for one week, 5-7 days one time, and connect and spray 3 times end, it is even, careful to spray.
4) mend sulphur
See the leaf growing up to: under the tip of blade, refer to, represented a lack of sulfur, the grape fruit ear of a lack of sulfur is irregular.
Mending sulphur is to complete by trace element fertilizer 25kg/ mu in adding in the step of above-mentioned basal dressing.
5) mend copper
See the leaf growing up to: the most advanced and sophisticated side of blade refers to, represent to have lacked copper, it is little that grape lacks copper fruit grain length.
Mending sulphur is that the copper sulphate 1-1.5kg/ mu adding in the step by above-mentioned basal dressing completes.
6) mend boron
See the leaf growing up to: the mesophyll epirelief of blade is recessed, represented boron deficiency, the formation of grape boron deficiency floral tube bud is grown bad, and flowering time is different, pollen poor quality, and forming large granule can not be ripe together.
The time of mending boron is from the dry branch of first pass spray, 5-7 days one time, and connect and spray 3 times end, it is even, careful to spray.
7) mend molybdenum
See the leaf growing up to: on the edge of blade, wrap, this explanation has lacked molybdenum, grape lacks molybdenum photosynthesis to be reduced, and nutrient is carried, accumulates bad.
The time of mending molybdenum be late May to early June, 5-7 days one time, connect and spray three times end, it is even, careful to spray.
4, spray medicine:
From spring, start to spray and need to spray 6-8 times altogether the whole year, medicine comprises two kinds, insecticide and bactericide, and insecticide divides to chew to be pecked and two kinds of pierce-suck types; Bactericide comprises again two kinds, fungi bactericide and bacterium bactericide.Concrete spray medicine is determined according to weather condition, and just having started early growth period, only to spray rich selenium 5128 just passable, needs dosing mid-term, as 800 times for the treatment of white rots of lucky star, anthracnose, sour rot, prevent and treat 1000 times of the easy guarantors of downy mildew, dehiscent fruit must be controlled 500 times of 1000 times, bleeding agent, 500 times, hydrogen peroxide; If rainwater need to spray too much in time, the position mainly spraying is fruit ear, blade, and spray medicine is even, careful, thoughtful.
The beneficial effect of sod culture management:
1, insect protected function, its leaf that pastures of most of worm, and do not eat grape leaf, if there is no grass in vineyard, that worm have to go to have eaten grape leaf, and blade of grass is nice more than grape leaf, when we find there is worm on grass, can on grass, just insect can be killed with insecticide spraying, and do like this us and just reached environmental protection, so grass has the effect of insect protected.
2, regulate vineyard humidity: in the time of dry days, grass can absorb airborne moisture at night, makes root moistening, to keep the moisture of soil; In the time of waterlogging sky, the blade of grass can be got rid of the moisture in soil, reaches the effect of water drainage, so grass has the function of the humidity that regulates soil.
3, regulate vineyard temperature: summer is not hot, keep vineyard nice and cool, be beneficial to the growth of grape, be more conducive to the absorption of grape nutrient; Have antifreeze function winter, as covered cotton-wadded quilt to vineyard, allow the root of grape utilize resting stage to absorb nutrient, to increase the accumulation of nutrient, make grape increase antifreeze function, the volume increase good harvest of giving the coming year is laid a good foundation.
4, chesson: increase the oxygen permeating amount of soil, be beneficial to the breathing of grape root, make root flourishing healthy and strong.
After the invention process technique of enriched selenium, promote growth, leaf increased functionality, increase the resistance such as cold-resistant, drought resisting, disease and insect resistance, promote fruit to expand, increase the content of the sugar of fruit, improve sour-sweet ratio; Improve the resistance to fortune performance of resistance to storage; Organic Selenium constituent content in fruit obviously increases (10-50 microgram/kilogram) and excellent taste than local common grape; Reduce residue of pesticide amount, reduced environmental pollution.
Embodiment
Below provide the specific embodiment of the present invention, be used for specific embodiment of the invention to be described further.
Embodiment
Crop sod culture method:
By the mode naturally growing up to or manually reseed, make weed growth on the vacant lot in crop field, and guarantee that ground all has grass to cover and be accompanied by the developmental process of crop, in the time of more than weed growth to 20 centimeter, 5 centimeters of above weeds overhead are manually cut off, directly on the ground, weeds can increase organic matter after rotting to weeds after cutting off;
Described weeds refer to growth root system at 5～7 centimeters, do not climb climing weeds;
For reduce the impacts of 7 centimeters of above weeds on plant growth and nutrient absorption, manually pull out root system be 7 centimeters above and climb climing weeds.
Selenium-rich grape field management method, in the process that its special character is to grow in selenium-rich grape kind, adopted above-mentioned crop sod culture method, be equipped with that fertilizing management and trace element supplement and spray medicine simultaneously, finally obtain a kind of pollute few and Se content be 10-50 microgram/kilogram selenium-rich grape;
Described fertilizing management specifically comprises:
1, spraying of foliage fertilizer:
Select rich 5128 as fertilizer sources of selenium, in grape flower bud differentiation, in the time of one week, spray for the first time, water carries out spraying on female of result and trunk of uniform and delicate after 100 times of dilutions by selenium rich 5128; The season of growth be blade grow up to yield positive results last until before gathering 20 days during in, water carries out spraying on blade and fruit ear of uniform and delicate after 200 times of dilutions by selenium rich 5128, every 12-15 days, sprays once, at least guarantees to spray for 4 times;
Spraying requires to avoid high light and rainy day, if meet rain after spraying in 8 hours, should respray, and guarantees that each medicine rate is more than 95%;
When blade grows up to, 99 plant protection, proteoglycan foliage fertilizer illustrate that by it spraying is on blade face, 5-7 days one time, finish for three times, and it is even, careful to spray;
2, the use of base manure:
Composite bacteria agent 48kg/ mu, middle trace element fertilizer 25kg/ mu, borax 2-3kg/ mu and copper sulphate 1-1.5kg/ mu are stirred, disposable the applying of ditching between two row vines, ditch depth 20-30 centimetre;
After bearing fruit, use proteoglycan 15kg/ mu, be watered 150kg 8-15 centimetre of dark the watering of ditching and execute between two row vines, then flat ditch.After this respectively water and execute once with same method with early June at the end of May.
3, supplementing of trace element:
Supplementing of trace element is mainly to determine according to grape growth nutrition condition.Specifically by grape leave growing state, judge the Condition of abundance or deficiency of various elements, then in corresponding period, supplement respectively.
1) mend potassium
See Lao Ye: blade tip is first dry, dry proof potassium deficiency in from the edge of leaf to leaf, in soil potassium deficiency magnesium is absorbed bad, so the color and luster of grape is bad.
The time of mending potassium is: mid-term is mid-June namely, 5-7 days one time, finish for continuous three times, and it is even, careful to spray.
2) mend magnesium
See Lao Ye: mesophyll is first yellow, yellow from inside to outside, as long as there is green this leaf not fall to having proved magnesium deficiency, magnesium deficiency grape color and luster is bad.
The time of mending magnesium is: early June, and 5-7 days one time, connect and spray three times end, it is even, careful to spray.
3) replenish the calcium
See the leaf growing up to: the point of blade can't pump out, such blade is to return symptom the morning of calcium deficiency.Grape calcium deficiency dehiscent fruit, decayed fruit, fruit ear are not of uniform size, then boron deficiency flowering time is different, have the large granule can not be ripe together.
The time of replenishing the calcium is: flower bud differentiation starts for one week, 5-7 days one time, and connect and spray 3 times end, it is even, careful to spray.
4) mend sulphur
See the leaf growing up to: under the tip of blade, refer to, represented a lack of sulfur, the grape fruit ear of a lack of sulfur is irregular.
Mending sulphur is to complete by trace element fertilizer 25kg/ mu in adding in the step of above-mentioned basal dressing.
5) mend copper
See the leaf growing up to: the most advanced and sophisticated side of blade refers to, represent to have lacked copper, it is little that grape lacks copper fruit grain length.
Mending sulphur is that the copper sulphate 1-1.5kg/ mu adding in the step by above-mentioned basal dressing completes.
6) mend boron
See the leaf growing up to: the mesophyll epirelief of blade is recessed, represented boron deficiency, the formation of grape boron deficiency floral tube bud is grown bad, and flowering time is different, pollen poor quality, and forming large granule can not be ripe together.
The time of mending boron is from the dry branch of first pass spray, 5-7 days one time, and connect and spray 3 times end, it is even, careful to spray.
7) mend molybdenum
See the leaf growing up to: on the edge of blade, wrap, this explanation has lacked molybdenum, grape lacks molybdenum photosynthesis to be reduced, and nutrient is carried, accumulates bad.
The time of mending molybdenum be late May to early June, 5-7 days one time, connect and spray three times end, it is even, careful to spray.
4, spray medicine:
From spring, start to spray and need to spray 6-8 times altogether the whole year, medicine comprises two kinds, insecticide and bactericide, and insecticide divides to chew to be pecked and two kinds of pierce-suck types; Bactericide comprises again two kinds, fungi bactericide and bacterium bactericide.Concrete spray medicine is determined according to weather condition, and just having started early growth period, only to spray rich selenium 5128 just passable, needs dosing mid-term, as 800 times for the treatment of white rots of lucky star, anthracnose, sour rot, prevent and treat 1000 times of the easy guarantors of downy mildew, dehiscent fruit must be controlled 500 times of 1000 times, bleeding agent, 500 times, hydrogen peroxide; If rainwater need to spray too much in time, the position mainly spraying is fruit ear, blade, and spray medicine is even, careful, thoughtful.
The beneficial effect of sod culture management:
1, insect protected function, its leaf that pastures of most of worm, and do not eat grape leaf, if there is no grass in vineyard, that worm have to go to have eaten grape leaf, and blade of grass is nice more than grape leaf, when we find there is worm on grass, can on grass, just insect can be killed with insecticide spraying, and do like this us and just reached environmental protection, so grass has the effect of insect protected.
2, regulate vineyard humidity: in the time of dry days, grass can absorb airborne moisture at night, makes root moistening, to keep the moisture of soil; In the time of waterlogging sky, the blade of grass can be got rid of the moisture in soil, reaches the effect of water drainage, so grass has the function of the humidity that regulates soil.
3, regulate vineyard temperature: summer is not hot, keep vineyard nice and cool, be beneficial to the growth of grape, be more conducive to the absorption of grape nutrient; Have antifreeze function winter, as covered cotton-wadded quilt to vineyard, allow the root of grape utilize resting stage to absorb nutrient, to increase the accumulation of nutrient, make grape increase antifreeze function, the volume increase good harvest of giving the coming year is laid a good foundation.
4, chesson: increase the oxygen permeating amount of soil, be beneficial to the breathing of grape root, make root flourishing healthy and strong.
After the invention process technique of enriched selenium, promote growth, leaf increased functionality, increase the resistance such as cold-resistant, drought resisting, disease and insect resistance, promote fruit to expand, increase the content of the sugar of fruit, improve sour-sweet ratio; Improve the resistance to fortune performance of resistance to storage; Organic Selenium constituent content in fruit obviously increases (10-50 microgram/kilogram) and excellent taste than local common grape; Reduce residue of pesticide amount, reduced environmental pollution.
Claims (4)
1. a selenium-rich grape field management method, in the process that it is characterized in that growing in selenium-rich grape kind, adopted crop sod culture method, be equipped with fertilizing management and trace element simultaneously and supplement and spray medicine, finally obtain a kind of pollute few and the high selenium-rich grape of Se content;
Described crop sod culture method refers to by the mode naturally growing up to or manually reseed and makes weed growth on the vacant lot in crop field, and guarantee that ground all has grass to cover and be accompanied by the developmental process of crop, in the time of more than weed growth to 20 centimeter, 5 centimeters of above weeds overhead are manually cut off, directly on the ground, weeds can increase organic matter after rotting to weeds after cutting off;
Described fertilizing management specifically comprises:
1), spraying of foliage fertilizer:
Select rich 5128 as fertilizer sources of selenium, in grape flower bud differentiation, in the time of one week, spray for the first time, water carries out spraying on female of result and trunk of uniform and delicate after 100 times of dilutions by selenium rich 5128; The season of growth be blade grow up to yield positive results last until before gathering 20 days during in, water carries out spraying on blade and fruit ear of uniform and delicate after 200 times of dilutions by selenium rich 5128, every 12-15 days, sprays once, at least guarantees to spray for 4 times;
If meet rain after spraying in 8 hours, should respray, guarantee that each medicine rate is more than 95%;
2), the use of base manure:
Grape is selected rear branch and is stopped growing to before freeze-up, composite bacteria agent 48kg/ mu, middle trace element fertilizer 25kg/ mu, borax 2-3kg/ mu and copper sulphate 1-1.5kg/ mu are stirred, disposable the applying of ditching between two row vines, ditch depth 20-30 centimetre;
After bearing fruit, use proteoglycan 15kg/ mu, be watered 150kg 8-15 centimetre of dark the watering of ditching and execute between two row vines, then flat ditch; After this respectively water and execute once with same method with early June at the end of May;
It is mainly to determine according to grape growth nutrition condition that described trace element supplements; Specifically by grape leave growing state, judge the Condition of abundance or deficiency of various elements, then in corresponding period, supplement respectively;
1) mend potassium
See Lao Ye: blade tip is first dry, dry proof potassium deficiency in from the edge of leaf to leaf, in soil potassium deficiency magnesium is absorbed bad, so the color and luster of grape is bad;
The time of mending potassium is: mid-term is mid-June namely, 5-7 days one time, finish for continuous 3 times, and it is even, careful to spray;
2) mend magnesium
See Lao Ye: mesophyll is first yellow, yellow from inside to outside, as long as there is green this leaf not fall to having proved magnesium deficiency, magnesium deficiency grape color and luster is bad;
The time of mending magnesium is: early June, and 5-7 days one time, connect and spray 3 times end, it is even, careful to spray;
3) replenish the calcium
See the leaf growing up to: the point of blade can't pump out, such blade is to return symptom the morning of calcium deficiency.Grape calcium deficiency dehiscent fruit, decayed fruit, fruit ear are not of uniform size, then boron deficiency flowering time is different, have the large granule can not be ripe together;
The time of replenishing the calcium is: flower bud differentiation starts for one week, 5-7 days one time, and connect and spray 3 times end, it is even, careful to spray;
4) mend sulphur
See the leaf growing up to: under the tip of blade, refer to, represented a lack of sulfur, the grape fruit ear of a lack of sulfur is irregular;
Mending sulphur is to complete by trace element fertilizer 25kg/ mu in adding in the use step of base manure in claim 5;
5) mend copper
See the leaf growing up to: the most advanced and sophisticated side of blade refers to, represent to have lacked copper, it is little that grape lacks copper fruit grain length;
Mending sulphur is that the copper sulphate 1-1.5kg/ mu adding in the step by above-mentioned basal dressing completes;
6) mend boron
See the leaf growing up to: the mesophyll epirelief of blade is recessed, represented boron deficiency, the formation of grape boron deficiency floral tube bud is grown bad, and flowering time is different, pollen poor quality, and forming large granule can not be ripe together;
The time of mending boron is from the dry branch of first pass spray, 5-7 days one time, and connect and spray 3 times end, it is even, careful to spray;
7) mend molybdenum
See the leaf growing up to: on the edge of blade, wrap, this explanation has lacked molybdenum, grape lacks molybdenum photosynthesis to be reduced, and nutrient is carried, accumulates bad;
The time of mending molybdenum be late May to early June, 5-7 days one time, connect and spray 3 times end, it is even, careful to spray;
Described spray medicine process is for to start to spray from spring, and need to spray 6-8 time the whole year altogether, and medicine comprises two kinds, insecticide and bactericide, and insecticide divides to chew to be pecked and two kinds of pierce-suck types; Bactericide comprises again two kinds, fungi bactericide and bacterium bactericide; Concrete spray medicine is determined according to weather condition, has just started early growth period and has only sprayed rich selenium 5128, and carry out dosing according to conventional means mid-term.
2. a kind of selenium-rich grape field management method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described weeds refer to that growth root system do not climb climing weeds at 5～7 centimeters.
3. a kind of selenium-rich grape field management method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that for reduce the impacts of 7 centimeters of above weeds on plant growth and nutrient absorption, manually pull out root system be 7 centimeters above and climb climing weeds.
4. a kind of selenium-rich grape field management method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that
The kind that carry out dosing according to conventional means mid-term comprises:
800 times of lucky stars treatment white rots, anthracnose, sour rot, prevent and treat 1000 times of the easy guarantors of downy mildew, and dehiscent fruit must be controlled 500 times of 1000 times, bleeding agent, 500 times, hydrogen peroxide.
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| CN105875344A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-08-24 | 湖北宏全农牧有限公司 | Production method of organic selenium-rich SOD grape |
| CN105875133A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-08-24 | 湖北宏全农牧有限公司 | Production method of organic selenium-rich SOD tomato |
| CN104705150B (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2017-04-05 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A kind of pollution of area source prevention and control cultural method in vineyard |
| CN105724133A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-07-06 | 云南同邦农业开发有限公司 | Grape disease and pest control method |
| CN106069560A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 云南同邦农业开发有限公司 | The implantation methods of grape maturity phase ahead of time |
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| CN102475030A (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-30 | 廖开志 | Strawberry and grape interplanting three-dimensional cultivation method |
| CN102792871A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-11-28 | 林光德 | Method for planting cyclone grape vines |
| CN102786349A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-21 | 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 | Selenium-rich watermelon seedling raising matrix and method of producing organic selenium-rich watermelon by using same |
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