CN102845001B - 基于光纤的分布式通信组件及系统中的定位服务以及相关方法 - Google Patents

基于光纤的分布式通信组件及系统中的定位服务以及相关方法 Download PDF

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CN102845001B
CN102845001B CN201180019718.XA CN201180019718A CN102845001B CN 102845001 B CN102845001 B CN 102845001B CN 201180019718 A CN201180019718 A CN 201180019718A CN 102845001 B CN102845001 B CN 102845001B
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CN102845001A (zh
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肯尼思·R·贝克
迈克尔·索尔
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Corning Research and Development Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/0226—Transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • H04B10/25754—Star network topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/18—Information format or content conversion, e.g. adaptation by the network of the transmitted or received information for the purpose of wireless delivery to users or terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices

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Abstract

本发明公开用以为客户端设备提供定位服务的基于光纤的分布式通信组件及系统和相关方法。定位服务允许提供和/或确定客户端设备的位置，所述客户端设备与基于光纤的分布式通信系统的一或多个组件通信。可基于对基于光纤的分布式通信系统中的一或多个组件的位置的了解来提供和/或确定客户端设备的位置，所述基于光纤的分布式通信系统与客户端设备通信。可使用此信息来确定或提供客户端设备的更精确位置区域或位置区域。本文所公开的基于光纤的分布式通信组件及系统和相关方法可能非常适合室内环境，在所述室内环境中，提供和/或确定客户端设备的位置的其它方法可能由于室内环境而受到妨碍或不可行。

Description

基于光纤的分布式通信组件及系统中的定位服务以及相关方法
相关申请案
本申请案请求2010年3月31日提出申请的题为“LOCALIZATIONSERVICESINOPTICALFIBER-BASEDDISTRIBUTEDCOMMUNICATIONSCOMPONENTSANDSYSTEMS,ANDRELATEDMETHODS”的美国临时专利申请案第61/319,659号的优先权，所述申请案全文通过引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本公开案的技术涉及用于通过光纤将射频（RF）信号分配到远程天线单元的基于光纤的分布式通信系统，以及相关控制系统和方法。
背景技术
随着对高速移动数据通信不断增长的需求，无线通信急速发展。例如，所谓的“无线保真”或“WiFi”系统和无线局域网（WLAN）正配置在许多不同类型的区域（例如，咖啡店、机场、图书馆等）中。分布式通信系统与称为“客户端”的无线设备通信，所述无线设备必须常驻于无线范围或“小区覆盖范围”内以与接入点设备通信。
一种配置分布式通信系统的方法包括使用射频（RF）天线覆盖区域，所述射频（RF）天线覆盖区域也被称为“天线覆盖区域”。例如，天线覆盖区域可能具有从几米到高达二十米范围中的半径。结合若干接入点设备形成天线覆盖区域阵列。因为天线覆盖区域各自覆盖小区域，所以每一天线覆盖区域通常仅存在一些用户（客户端）。这种情况允许最小化无线系统用户之间共享的带宽量。可能需要在建筑物或其它设施中提供天线覆盖区域，以提供对建筑物或设施中的客户端的分布式通信系统访问。然而，可能需要采用光纤来分配通信信号。光纤的益处包括增加带宽。
一种用于形成天线覆盖区域的分布式通信系统（称为“光纤无线电”或“RoF”）利用通过光纤发送的RF信号。所述系统可包括光学地耦接到多个远程天线单元的前端站，所述多个远程天线单元各自提供天线覆盖区域。远程天线单元可各自包括RF收发器，所述RF收发器耦接到天线以无线地传输RF信号，其中远程天线单元通过光纤链路耦接到前端站。远程天线单元中的RF收发器对RF信号来说是可穿透的。远程天线单元通过光电（O/E）转换器将来自光纤链路的输入光纤RF信号转换为电子RF信号，所述电子RF信号随后传递到RF收发器。RF收发器通过天线将电子RF信号转换为电磁信号，所述天线耦接到提供于远程天线单元中的RF收发器。天线还从天线覆盖区域中的客户端接收电磁信号（即电磁辐射）并将所述电磁信号转换为电子RF信号（即电线中的电子RF信号）。远程天线单元随后通过电光（E/O）转换器将电子RF信号转换为光学RF信号。随后通过光纤链路将光学RF信号发送到前端站。
可能要求提供在室内（例如在建筑物或其它设施内）的所述基于光纤的分布式通信系统，以为客户端提供室内无线通信。或者，对位于建筑物内的无线通信客户端来说，无线接收可能是不良的或不可行。就这点来说，远程天线单元可分布在建筑物内的所有位置以在整个建筑物中扩大无线通信覆盖。其它服务可能由于室内环境而受到负面影响或不可行。举例来说，可能要求或需要为客户端提供定位服务，例如，紧急情况911（E911）服务。如果客户端位于室内，那么技术（例如全球定位服务（GPS））可能不能提供或确定客户端的位置。另外，来自外部网络的三角测量技术可能不能确定客户端的位置。
发明内容
在详细描述中公开的实施方式包括用以为客户端设备提供定位服务的基于光纤的分布式通信组件及系统和相关方法。定位服务允许提供和/或确定客户端设备的位置，所述客户端设备与基于光纤的分布式通信系统的一或多个组件通信。可基于对基于光纤的分布式通信系统中的一或多个组件的位置的了解来提供和/或确定客户端设备的位置，所述基于光纤的分布式通信系统与客户端设备通信。在这种情况下，客户端设备将被视为处于所述一或多个组件的通信范围内。可使用此信息来确定或提供客户端设备的更精确位置区域。本文所公开的基于光纤的分布式通信组件及系统和相关方法可能非常适合室内环境，在所述室内环境中，提供和/或确定客户端设备的位置的其它方法可能由于室内环境而受到妨碍或不可行。
就这点来说，在本文所公开的某些实施方式中，提供分布式通信设备。分布式通信设备支持基于光纤的分布式通信服务。在此实施方式中的分布式通信设备也支持向远程天线单元（RAU）提供用于确定客户端设备的位置的信号（在本文中也被称为“追踪信号”），所述远程天线单元经配置以提供与客户端设备的通信。举例来说，可通过追踪信号发生器或导频或信标发生器产生追踪信号。追踪信号为可与基于光纤的分布式通信系统中的特定位置或区域相关联的独特信号。可通过使客户端设备识别信息与客户端设备接收追踪信号的能力相互关联来确定客户端设备的位置。可通过分布式通信设备或通过网络耦接到分布式通信设备的其它处理单元来确定客户端设备的位置。
就这点来说，分布式通信设备包括至少一个第一下行链路输入端，所述第一下行链路输入端经配置以接收下行链路电子射频（RF）通信信号。分布式通信设备还包括至少一个上行链路输出端，所述上行链路输出端经配置以接收和传送来自通信上行链路的上行链路电子RF通信信号。分布式通信设备还包括至少一个光学接口（OI），所述光学接口经配置以进行以下操作：接收下行链路电子RF通信信号并将所述下行链路电子RF通信信号转换为下行链路光学RF通信信号以提供给至少一个RAU；以及从通信上行链路上的至少一个RAU接收上行链路光学RF通信信号并将所述上行链路光学RF通信信号转换为提供给至少一个上行链路输出端的上行链路电子RF通信信号。分布式通信设备还包括至少一个第二下行链路输入端，所述第二下行链路输入端经配置以接收至少一个电子追踪信号。至少一个OI进一步经配置以接收至少一个电子追踪信号并将所述至少一个电子追踪信号转换为至少一个光学追踪信号以提供给至少一个RAU。分布式通信设备可经配置以不分解或不合成追踪信号，以使得追踪信号与基于光纤的分布式通信系统中的一或多个特定组件的相互关系的独特性不丢失且得以保留。本发明还公开相关方法。
在其它实施方式中，提供分布式通信设备，所述分布式通信设备经配置以支持从RAU接收客户端设备识别信息作为上行链路通信数据而不接收追踪信号且不向RAU提供追踪信号。通过了解和比对基于光纤的分布式通信系统内的特定组件的位置，分布式通信设备和/或通过网络耦接到分布式通信设备的其它系统能够确定和/或提供客户端设备的位置。与客户端设备通信的一或多个组件可与客户端设备的识别信息相关联。
就这点来说，分布式通信设备包括至少一个第一下行链路输入端，所述第一下行链路输入端经配置以接收下行链路电子RF通信信号。分布式通信设备还包括至少一个上行链路输出端，所述上行链路输出端经配置以接收和传送来自通信上行链路的上行链路电子RF通信信号。分布式通信设备还包括OI，所述OI经配置以进行以下操作：接收下行链路电子RF通信信号并将所述下行链路电子RF通信信号转换为下行链路光学RF通信信号以提供给至少一个RAU；以及从通信上行链路上的至少一个RAU接收上行链路光学RF通信信号并将所述上行链路光学RF通信信号转换为提供给至少一个上行链路输出端的上行链路电子RF通信信号，所述上行链路光学RF通信信号包括客户端设备识别信息。为保留来自用于提供定位服务的基于光纤的通信系统中的组件的通信特殊性，分布式通信设备可（例如）经配置以不将来自多个RAU中的RAU的上行链路电子RF通信信号与来自多个RAU中的另一RAU的上行链路电子RF通信信号分解或合成。或者，分布式通信设备可（例如）经配置以不将来自OI的上行链路电子RF通信信号与来自另一OI的上行链路电子RF通信信号分解或合成。
将在随后的具体实施方式中阐述另外的特征和优点，且对于所属领域的技术人员来说，另外的特征和优点将部分地根据描述显而易见，或通过实践本文所述的实施方式（包括随后的具体实施方式、权利要求书以及附图）来认识到。
应了解，前文一般描述和下文详细描述都呈现实施方式，所述实施方式意在提供用于了解本公开案的性质和特性的概述或框架。包括附图以提供进一步了解，且附图并入本说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分。图式图示各种实施方式并与描述一起用以解释本文所公开概念的原则和操作。
附图说明
图1为示例性的基于光纤的分布式通信系统的示意图；
图2为示例性建筑物基础结构的部分示意性剖示图，在所述示例性建筑物基础结构中，采用基于光纤的分布式通信系统；
图3为呈前端单元（HEU）形式的示例性前端设备的示例性示意图，所述前端单元（HEU）配置在图1和图2的基于光纤的分布式通信系统中；
图4为示例性的基于光纤的分布式通信系统的示意图，所述示例性的基于光纤的分布式通信系统经配置以传送追踪信号到追踪远程天线单元（RAU）以为客户端设备提供定位服务；
图5A为示例性替代前端设备的示意图，所述示例性替代前端设备经配置以向追踪RAU提供追踪信号以支持为客户端设备提供定位服务；
图5B为其它示例性替代前端设备的示意图，所述其它示例性替代前端设备经配置以向追踪RAU提供追踪信号以支持为客户端设备提供定位服务；
图6为其它示例性替代前端设备的示意图，所述其它示例性替代前端设备经配置以向RAU提供通信信号且向追踪RAU提供追踪信号以支持为客户端设备提供定位服务；
图7为图6中的前端设备的示意图，所述前端设备提供于每层含有至少一个追踪RAU的建筑物中的基于光纤的分布式通信系统中；
图8为含有上行链路光纤和下行链路光纤的光纤电缆的示意图，所述光纤电缆连接在一或多个光学接口卡（OIC）与RAU之间，其中RAU和追踪RAU共享共用天线；
图9为其它示例性替代前端设备的示意图，所述其它示例性替代前端设备经配置以向RAU提供通信信号且向追踪RAU提供追踪信号以支持为客户端设备提供定位服务；
图10为示例性光学接口卡（OIC）的示意图，所述示例性光学接口卡（OIC）经调适且经配置以支持在基于光纤的分布式通信系统中根据每个OIC分辨率为客户端设备提供定位服务；以及
图11为示例性OIC的示意图，所述示例性OIC经调适且经配置以支持在基于光纤的分布式通信系统中根据每个RAU分辨率为客户端设备提供定位服务。
具体实施方式
现将详细参阅实施方式，所述实施方式的实例在附随图式中加以图示，其中图示了一些但不是所有实施方式。事实上，可以许多不同形式来体现概念且所述概念不应视为限制本文；相反，提供所述实施方式以使得本公开案将符合适用法律要求。在可能的情况下，相同元件符号将用来指示相同组件或部分。
在详细描述中公开的实施方式包括用以为客户端设备提供定位服务的基于光纤的分布式通信组件及系统和相关方法。定位服务允许提供和/或确定客户端设备的位置，所述客户端设备与基于光纤的分布式通信系统的一或多个组件通信。可基于对基于光纤的分布式通信系统中的一或多个组件的位置的了解来提供和/或确定客户端设备的位置，所述基于光纤的分布式通信系统与客户端设备通信。在这种情况下，客户端设备将被视为处于所述一或多个组件的通信范围内。可使用此信息来确定或提供客户端设备的更精确位置区域。本文所公开的基于光纤的分布式通信组件及系统和相关方法可能非常适合室内环境，在所述室内环境中，提供和/或确定客户端设备的位置的其它方法可能由于室内环境而受到妨碍或不可行。
在论述在基于光纤的分布式通信系统中提供定位服务的示例性组件、系统及方法之前（所述论述开始于图4），首先关于图1到图3来描述示例性的一般性基于光纤的分布式通信。就这点来说，图1为基于光纤的分布式通信系统的一般性实施方式的示意图。在此实施方式中，所述系统为基于光纤的分布式通信系统10，所述基于光纤的分布式通信系统10经配置以产生一或多个天线覆盖区域，以用于建立与位于天线覆盖区域的射频（RF）范围中的无线客户端设备的通信。就这点来说，基于光纤的分布式通信系统10包括前端设备（例示为前端单元或HEU12）、一或多个远程天线单元（RAU）14和将HEU12光学地耦接到RAU14的光纤链路16。HEU12经配置以通过下行链路电子RF信号18D从一或多个源（例如网络或载体）接收通信，且经配置以向RAU14提供所述通信。HEU12还经配置以通过上行链路电子RF信号18U将从RAU14接收的通信返回到一或多个源。就这点来说，在此实施方式中，光纤链路16包括携载从HEU12传送到RAU14的信号的至少一个下行链路光纤16D和携载从RAU14传送回HEU12的信号的至少一个上行链路光纤16U。
基于光纤的无线系统10具有可实质上以RAU14为中心的天线覆盖区域20。RAU14的天线覆盖区域20形成RF覆盖区域21。HEU12经调适以执行或促进若干光纤无线电（RoF）应用中的任何一个应用，例如，射频（RF）识别（RFID）、无线局域网（WLAN）通信或蜂窝电话服务。例如，呈移动设备形式的客户端设备24图示于天线覆盖区域20内，所述客户端设备24可为（例如）蜂窝电话。客户端设备24可为能够接收RF通信信号的任何设备。客户端设备24包括经调适以接收和/或发送电磁RF信号的天线26（例如，无线卡）。
继续参阅图1，为通过下行链路光纤16D将电子RF信号传送到RAU14、又为将电子RF信号传送到由RAU14所形成的天线覆盖区域20中的客户端设备24，HEU12包括电光（E/O）转换器28。E/O转换器28将下行链路电子RF信号18D转换为下行链路光学RF信号22D，以通过下行链路光纤16D传送。RAU14包括光电（O/E）转换器30以将接收的下行链路光学RF信号22D转换回电子RF信号，以通过RAU14的天线32无线地传送到位于天线覆盖区域20中的客户端设备24。
类似地，天线32还经配置以从天线覆盖区域20中的客户端设备24接收无线RF通信。就这点来说，天线32从客户端设备24接收无线RF通信并将代表无线RF通信的电子RF信号传送到RAU14中的E/O转换器34。E/O转换器34将电子RF信号转换为上行链路光学RF信号22U，以通过上行链路光纤14U传送。提供于HEU12中的O/E转换器36将上行链路光学RF信号22U转换为上行链路电子RF信号，所述上行链路电子RF信号随后可作为上行链路电子RF信号18U传送回网络或其它源。此实施方式中的HEU12不能辨别此实施方式中的客户端设备24的位置。客户端设备24可处于由RAU14所形成的任何天线覆盖区域20的范围中。
为提供对可如何在室内配置基于光纤的分布式通信系统的进一步示例性说明，图2为采用图1的基于光纤的分布式通信系统10的建筑物基础结构40的部分示意性剖示图。建筑物基础结构40一般代表可配置基于光纤的分布式通信系统10的任何类型的建筑物。例如，如先前关于图1所论述，基于光纤的分布式通信系统10合并HEU12以向建筑物基础结构40内的覆盖区域提供各种类型的通信服务。举例来说，如下文更详细论述，此实施方式中的基于光纤的分布式通信系统10经配置以接收无线射频（RF）信号并将RF信号转换为光纤无线电（RoF）信号以通过光纤链路16传送到RAU14。此实施方式中的基于光纤的分布式通信系统10可为（例如）在建筑物基础结构40内提供无线服务的室内分布式天线系统（IDAS）。举例来说，所述无线信号可包括（但不限于）蜂窝服务、无线服务（例如RFID追踪、无线保真（WiFi））、局域网（LAN）和以上各者的组合。
继续参阅图2，建筑物基础结构40包括第一（楼）层42、第二层44和第三层46。层42、层44、层46由HEU12通过主配线架48服务，以在建筑物基础结构40中提供天线覆盖区域50。为简单说明起见，图2中仅图示了层42、层44、层46的天花板。在示例性实施方式中，主电缆52具有有助于在建筑物基础结构40中置放大量RAU14的若干不同部分。每一RAU14转而为天线覆盖区域50中自己的覆盖区域服务。主电缆52可包括（例如）升起部分54，所述升起部分54从HEU12携载所有下行链路光纤16D和上行链路光纤16U并将所有下行链路光纤16D和上行链路光纤16U携载到HEU12。主电缆52可包括一或多个多电缆（MC）连接器，所述一或多个多电缆（MC）连接器经调适以将所选的下行链路光纤16D和上行链路光纤16U与电线一起连接到若干光纤电缆56。
主电缆52使得多个光纤电缆56能够遍及建筑物基础结构40分布（例如，固定到每一层42、44、46的天花板或其它支撑表面），以为第一层42、第二层44和第三层46提供天线覆盖区域50。在示例性实施方式中，HEU12位于建筑物基础结构40内（例如，位于密室或控制室），而在另一示例性实施方式中，HEU12可能在远端位置处位于建筑物基础结构40外。基站收发信台（BTS）58连接到HEU12，且可共同定位或远离HEU12定位，所述基站收发信台（BYS）58可通过第二方（例如蜂窝服务提供者）提供。BTS为向HEU12提供输入信号且可从HEU12接收返回信号的任何信台或源。在典型蜂窝系统中，例如，多个BTS配置在多个远端位置处以提供无线电话覆盖。每一BTS为相应小区服务且当移动站进入小区时，BTS与移动站通信。每一BTS可包括至少一个无线收发器，所述至少一个无线收发器用于使与在相关联小区中操作的一或多个用户单元通信成为可能。
为提供关于示例性HEU12的组件的进一步细节，提供图3，所述示例性HEU12提供于图1和图2的基于光纤的分布式通信系统10中。图3为HEU12的示意图以提供进一步细节。如本文中所图示，此实施方式中的HEU12包括前端控制器（HEC）60，所述前端控制器（HEC）60管理HEU12组件的功能且通过（例如）接口（例如，RS-232端口62、通用串行总线（USB）端口64和以太网端口68）与外部设备通信。HEU12可通过输入端70和输出端72连接到多个BTS、收发器等等，所述输入端70可为BTS输入端或其它输入端，所述输出端72可为BTS输出端或其它输出端。输入端70为下行链路连接件且输出端72为上行链路连接件，所述输入端70和所述输出端72可提供于单向连接器中或可一起提供于双向连接器中。每一输入端70连接到位于HEU12中的下行链路BTS接口卡（BIC）74，且每一输出端72连接到同样位于HEU12中的上行链路BIC76。下行链路BIC74经配置以接收来自输入端70的输入信号或下行链路RF信号且将下行链路RF信号分解为副本以传送到RAU14，如图2中所示。上行链路BIC76经配置以接收并合成来自RAU14的输出信号或上行链路RF信号并将上行链路RF信号分解到作为返回通信路径的个别输入端70中。
在此实施方式中，下行链路BIC74连接到中面接口卡78面板。上行链路BIC76也连接到中面接口卡78。下行链路BIC74和上行链路BIC76可提供于印刷电路板（PCB）中，所述印刷电路板包括能直接插入中面接口卡78中的连接器。中面接口卡78与多个光学接口卡（OIC）80电气通信，所述多个光学接口卡（OIC）80通过下行链路光纤16D和上行链路光纤16U以及下行链路BIC74和上行链路BIC76在RAU14之间提供光学到电气通信接口，反之也提供电气到光学通信接口。OIC80包括图1的E/O转换器28，所述E/O转换器28将来自下行链路BIC74的电子RF信号转换为光学RF信号，所述光学RF信号随后通过下行链路光纤16D传送到RAU14且接着传送到客户端设备。OIC80还包括图1中的O/E转换器36，所述O/E转换器36转换通过上行链路光纤16U从RAU14传送到HEU12且随后传送到输出端72的光学RF信号。
此实施方式中的OIC80各自支持多达三（3）个RAU14。OIC80还可提供于PCB中，所述PCB包括可直接插入中面接口卡78中以将OIC80中的链路耦接到中面接口卡78的连接器。OIC80可由一或多个光学接口卡（OIC）构成。如此，在此实施方式中，由于HEU12可支持多达十二（12）个OIC80，所以HEU12可扩展到支持多达三十六（36）个RAU14。如果少于三十六（36）个RAU14待由HEU12支持，那么少于十二个OIC80可包括于HEU12中且少于十二个OIC80可插入中面接口卡78中。在此实施方式中，为由HEU12支持的每三（3）个RAU14提供一个OIC80。如果需要超越初始配置来支持额外RAU14，那么OIC80还可添加到HEU12且可连接到中面接口卡78。还可提供前端单元控制器（HEU）60，所述前端单元控制器（HEU）60经配置以能够与DL-BIC74、UL-BIC76和OIC80通信以提供各种功能，包括本文所提供的放大器和衰减器的配置。
举例来说，可能要求在图1和图2中所示的基于光纤的分布式通信系统10中提供定位服务。例如，可能要求了解或确定客户端设备24的位置。可能要求或需要定位服务提供某些服务，例如就蜂窝客户端设备而言的紧急情况911（E911）服务。定位服务可能需要一定比例的客户端设备24可定位在给定距离内以符合要求。举例来说，E911服务可能要求或需要能够将所有客户端设备用户中的给定比例的用户定位在（例如）一百（100）尺（ft.）内。除了蜂窝客户端之外，定位服务还可能要求或需要其它类型的无线客户端。如果客户端设备24定位在建筑物基础结构40内并建立了与HEU12的通信，那么可确定客户端设备24定位在至少离HEU12最远的RAU14之间的距离内。然而，可能不能以较大特异性和分辨率来确定客户端设备24的位置。举例来说，在室内环境中，提供在客户端设备24中的全球定位服务（GPS）可能不适用于报告位置。
如果可确定客户端设备24与基于光纤的通信系统10中的哪一特定组件建立通信，那么可使用此信息来确定客户端设备24的位置。客户端设备24将被视为处于所述组件的通信范围内。结合此信息和对HEU12位置的了解可用来确定或提供客户端设备24的更精确位置区域。本质上，除了HEU12的位置外，RAU14提供另一层面的位置确定。例如，蜂窝网络提供确定位置的方法。
就这点来说，在本文中公开某些实施方式以提供基于光纤的分布式通信系统，所述基于光纤的分布式通信系统支持客户端设备的定位服务，所述客户端设备位于由RAU产生的天线覆盖区域内。在本文中所公开的某些实施方式中，客户端设备经配置以在不接收经配置以提供定位服务的追踪信号或其它信号的情况下包括作为到RAU和到连接到HEU的HEU及网络的上行链路通信数据的客户端设备识别信息。举例来说，全球移动通信系统（GSM）网络兼容客户端设备经配置以通过网络自动开始提供客户端设备识别信息。RAU在系统中的位置也在HEU中配置并已知。通过了解并比对特定RAU，在所述特定RAU中，客户端建立通信，HEU能够确定和/或提供客户端设备在由特定RAU形成的天线覆盖区域内的位置。在传送到HEU时，来自客户端设备的客户端设备识别信息与RAU的位置的相互关系得以保留并通过与来自其它RAU的通信合成（例如通过分解器或容器）使所述相互关系不丢失。
在其它实施方式中，用于确定客户端设备的位置的信号（在本文中也被称为“追踪信号”）在基于光纤的分布式通信系统中通过HEU分配到RAU中的至少一个RAU，所述信号还可被称为导频信号、信标信号或导频信标信号。举例来说，可通过追踪信号发生器或导频或信标发生器产生追踪信号。追踪信号为可与基于光纤的分布式通信系统中的特定位置或区域相关联的独特信号。举例来说，在码分多址（CDMA）网络中，小区识别包括在与通信量分离的信道中，所述通信量可用作追踪信号。如此，通过RAU辐射追踪信号以传送到在由RAU形成的天线覆盖区域范围内的客户端设备。当客户端设备无线地接收追踪信号时，客户端设备将客户端设备识别信息和追踪信号的识别传送到RAU以传送回HEU。HEU可向网络或载体提供此信息。如此，客户端设备识别信息和追踪信号的识别可与特定RAU的位置相关联，所述特定RAU在基于光纤的通信系统中接收并传输追踪信号以提供或确定客户端设备的位置。
就这点来说，图4图示了示例性基于光纤的分布式通信系统90的示意图，所述示例性基于光纤的分布式通信系统90经配置以将追踪信号TS1-TS4从HEU91传送到某些追踪RAU94A-94D以提供定位服务。追踪RAU94A-94D可含有与RAU14相同的组件和配置。因此，基于光纤的分布式通信系统90的所述配置采用在下行链路上向RAU94A-94D提供的追踪信号以提供定位服务。不同之处在于追踪RAU94A-94D以通信方式耦接到由HEU91提供的信道或链路，所述信道或链路专用于携载追踪信号。在此实施方式中，每个追踪信号TS1-TS4具有与其它追踪信号TS1-TS4不同的独特的识别。经选择以接收追踪信号TS1-TS4的追踪RAU94A-94D可能战略性地位于建筑物98或其它基础结构中的不同追踪区域96内。举例来说，图4图示四个追踪区域96A-96D。每个追踪区域96A-96D可代表建筑物98内的楼层，其中追踪RAU94A-94D位于每一楼层上。在此实施方式中，追踪信号不用于通信，且客户端设备可在比通信范围大的距离范围内接收来自追踪RAU94A-94D的追踪信号。因此，当客户端设备定位在特定追踪RAU94A-94D的范围内时，客户端设备将接收为楼层指定的传送到追踪RAU94A-94D的特定追踪信号TS1-TS4。客户端设备随后可将有关所接收的追踪信号TS1-TS4的客户端设备识别信息传送回HEU91且通过网络100传送。因此，可提供或确定定位有客户端设备的特定楼层。注意，尽管追踪的实例图示四（4）个追踪区域96A-96D，但本文的公开案不限于提供特定数目的追踪区域或置于追踪区域中的追踪RAU以接收追踪信号并将追踪信号无线地传输到客户端设备。
继续参阅图4，经配置以接收并无线传输追踪信号TS1-TS4的其它通信RAU102A-102D还提供于基于光纤的分布式通信系统90中。在此实施方式中，所述通信RAU102A-102D在追踪区域96A-96D中的每一个追踪区域中形成天线覆盖区域，所述天线覆盖区域不与提供追踪信号或位置服务相关联。通信RAU102A-102D如同先前描述和在图1和图2中图示的RAU14，所述RAU14向在天线覆盖区域范围中的客户端设备提供下行链路网络通信并从客户端设备接收无线通信以将上行链路通信数据传送回HEU91且通过网络100传送。一个以上通信RAU102A-102D可提供于给定区域96A-96D中以在建筑物98内的客户端设备与网络100之间提供通信。
同样如图4中所示，追踪RAU94A-94D还可经配置以传输除了追踪信号TS1-TS4之外的下行链路通信数据到客户端设备。举例来说，追踪RAU94D经配置以从HEU91接收追踪信号TS3和下行链路通信数据并将所述追踪信号TS3和所述下行链路通信数据传输到在追踪RAU94D的范围中的客户端设备。当追踪RAU94D的范围中的客户端接收追踪信号和下行链路通信数据时，客户端设备可将客户端设备识别信息和上行链路通信数据传输回HEU91且通过网络100传输。追踪RAU94D可经配置以从客户端设备接收上行链路通信数据或可经配置以仅传输追踪信号和下行链路通信数据到客户端设备。在后一种情况下，定位为靠近追踪RAU94D的第二通信RAU102D可经配置以从客户端设备接收客户端设备识别信息和上行链路通信数据以提供到HEU91和网络100。
如先前所论述和图3中所示，HEU12包括下行链路BIC74，所述下行链路BIC74合成从输入端70接收的下行链路电子RF信号。另外，HEU12合成从OIC80接收的上行链路电子RF信号且然后将经合成的上行链路电子RF信号分解到个别输出端72，所述OIC80携载由RAU14接收的上行链路信息。因此，如果将图3中的HEU12用作图4中的HEU91以提供追踪信号TS1-TS4，从而提供定位服务，那么将丢失追踪信号TS1-TS4的独特性且因此不可使用所述独特性来将客户端设备的位置与特定RAU14相关联以提供定位服务。此情况是因为下行链路BIC74将使追踪信号TS1-TS4分解为副本且将追踪信号TS1-TS4的副本传送到RAU14中的每一个RAU14而不是特定RAU14。因此，客户端设备可在（例如）图4中的追踪区域96A-96D中的任一个追踪区域中接收追踪信号TS1-TS4。
本文所公开的实施方式可包括改良的HEU，所述改良的HEU提供示例性解决方案以在没有追踪信号的副本传送到每个RAU的情况下，独特地在下行链路上向某些指定追踪RAU提供追踪信号。追踪信号不与用于通信量的RF通信信号合成。客户端设备可不依赖于RF通信信号而从个别追踪RAU接收追踪信号且不会丢失将从客户端设备接收的特定客户端设备识别信息关联到特定追踪RAU的独特性，因此可确定和/或提供客户端设备相对于追踪RAU的位置。
就这点来说，图5A图示替代性HEU110的示例性实施方式的示意图，所述替代性HEU110经配置以向RAU14提供追踪信号而不将追踪信号分解为分配到多个RAU14的副本。HEU110可经提供作为图4中的HEU91。因此，就像在图3的HEU12中的情况一样，不会丢失追踪信号与特定RAU14的关联性，其中下行链路BIC74将下行链路电子RF信号分解为提供给每个RAU14的副本。HEU110确实包括与图3中所示的HEU12一些相同组件。在包括相同组件的情况下，在图5A中使用相同元件符号。
继续参阅图5A，已移除图3的HEU12的下行链路BIC74，以使得作为输入提供给输入端70的追踪信号TS1-TS3不会分解为提供给多个追踪RAU94的副本。向专用追踪RAU94提供追踪信号TS1-TS3，以使得接收给定追踪信号TS1-TS3的客户端设备被视为处于专用于接收给定追踪信号TS1-TS3的追踪RAU94的天线覆盖区域内。HEU110还经配置以接收通信信号CS（图6）以提供给通信RAU102，所述通信RAU102不用于接收和传送追踪信号TS1-TS3，同样如图4中所示。回应于从追踪RAU94接收追踪信号TS1-TS3，客户端设备可通过上行链路光纤16U将客户端设备识别信息返回到HEU110。就这点来说，已知客户端设备在从客户端设备接收通信的追踪RAU94的天线覆盖区域内。因此，可通过HEU110中的HEC60保留此信息和/或可向网络100（图4）提供此信息以确定和/或提供客户端在追踪RAU94的天线覆盖区域内的位置。
在图5A的实例HEU110中，向三个输入端70提供三个追踪信号TS1-TS3作为输入；然而，可提供更多或更少的追踪信号。若需要，则可向信号功率调整模块112提供在输入端70中接收的电子RF信号，以调整提供给不同输入端70的不同信号之间的功率。然而，追踪信号TS1-TS3不在信号功率调整模组112中合成或分解。连接器面板114还可提供于HEU110中以接收来自输入端70的电子RF信号且提供到OIC80的连接以将电子RF信号转换为光学RF信号，如先前所论述。例如，信号功率调整模块112和OIC80可布置在印刷电路板（PCB）卡中，所述印刷电路板（PCB）卡可插入布置在连接器面板114中的连接器中以分别将信号功率调整模块112的输出端和输入端连接到OIC80的输入端和输出端。连接器面板114还可为含有电路或其它组件的PCB卡。
图5B图示替代性HEU110’的示例性实施方式的示意图，所述替代性HEU110’经配置以向RAU14提供追踪信号而不将追踪信号分解为分配到多个RAU14的副本。因此，就像在图3的HEU12中的情况一样，不会丢失追踪信号与特定RAU14的关联性。HEU110’确实包括与图3中所示的HEU12一些相同组件。在包括相同组件的情况下，在图5B中使用相同元件符号。
继续参阅图5B，提供从输入端70接收下行链路电子RF信号以提供RF通信服务的无线电接口模块（RIM）113(1)-113(N)。符号“1到N”指示可提供的任何数目（1到N）的RIM。每个RIM113(1)-113(N)可支持给定频率或频率范围或频段的RF通信服务。随后在一或多个无线电分配卡（RDC）115中合成下行链路电子RF信号以提供给OIM80和RAU94，如先前所论述。RIM113(1)-113(N)经配置以在光学转换为下行链路光学RF信号前从输入端70接收并处理下行链路电子RF信号。
每个RIM113(1)-113(N)可经设计以支持特定类型的无线电来源或无线电来源或一系列无线电来源（即频率），以在配置HEU110’来支持所要的无线电来源方面提供灵活性。举例来说，一个RIM113可经配置以支持个人通信服务（PCS）无线电波段。另一RIM113可经配置以支持长期演进（LTE）700无线电波段。在此实例中，通过包括所述RIM113，HEU110’将经配置以支持RF信号并在PCS无线电波段和LTE700无线电波段上分配RF信号。RIM113可提供于HEU110’中，所述RIM113支持任何所要的其它无线电波段，包括（但不限于）PCS、LTE、CELL、GSM、CDMA、CDMA2000、TDMA、AWS、iDEN（例如，800MHz、900MHz和1.5GHz）、增强型数据GSM环境（EDGE）、演进数据最优化（EV-DO）、1xRTT（即，CDMA20001X(IS-2000)）、高速分组接入（HSPA）、3GGP1、3GGP2和蜂窝数字分组数据（CDPD）。更多特定实例包括（但不限于）在400MHz到2700MHz之间的无线电波段，包括（但不限于）700MHz(LTE)、698MHz到716MHz、728MHz到757MHz、776MHz到787MHz、806MHz到824MHz、824MHz到849MHz（USCellular）、851MHz到869MHz、869-894MHz（USCellular）、880MHz到915MHz（EUR）、925MHz到960MHz（TTE）、1930MHz到1990MHz（USPCS）、2110MHz到2155MHz（USAWS）、925MHz到960MHz（GSM900）、1710MHz到1755MHz、1850MHz到1915MHz、1805MHz到1880（GSM1800）、1920MHz到1995MHz和2110MHz到2170MHz（GSM2100）。
继续参阅图5B，注意，不向合成和分解追踪信号TS1-TSN的RDC115提供追踪信号TS1-TSN，而是向专用追踪RAU94提供追踪信号TS1-TSN以使得接收给定追踪信号TS1-TSN的客户端设备被视为处于专用于接收给定追踪信号TS1-TSN的追踪RAU94的天线覆盖区域内。就这点来说，HEU110’还经配置以接收通信信号CS（图6）以提供给通信RAU102，所述通信RAU102不用于接收和传送追踪信号TS1-TSN。回应于从追踪RAU94接收追踪信号TS1-TSN，客户端设备可通过上行链路光纤16U将客户端设备识别信息返回到HEU110’。就这点来说，已知客户端设备处于从客户端设备接收通信的追踪RAU94的天线覆盖区域内。因此，可通过HEU110’中的HEC60’保留此信息和/或可向网络100（图4）提供此信息以确定和/或提供客户端设备在追踪RAU94的天线覆盖区域内的位置。在图5A的HEU110中，从经过HEU110到RAU94、RAU102的追踪信号TS通信路径和通信信号CS通信路径移除来自图3的HEU12的下行链路BIC74和上行链路BIC76。然而，并非必须从通信信号CS通信路径移除下行链路BIC74和上行链路BIC76。在图5B的HEU110’中，追踪信号TS1-TSN不在RDC115中与下行链路RF信号合成及分解。就这点来说，图6图示示例性替代HEU120的示意图，所述示例性替代HEU120以混合配置来配置。图7图示提供在两个单独的HEU120A、HEU120B中的HEU120的功能，HEU120A和HEU120B中的每一个HEU专用于处理追踪信号TS或通信信号CS。HEU120A、HEU120B提供于基于光纤的分布式通信系统130中，其中RAU94、RAU102分布在类似于图2的基于光纤的分布式通信系统10的建筑物132的不同楼层中。为建筑物132中的每个楼层134(1)-134(N)提供一个追踪RAU94(1)-94(N)。
返回参阅图6，一些通信路径专用于追踪信号TS1-TSN且其它通信路径专用于通信信号CS1-CSN。就这点来说，为HEU120A、HEU120B的每一类型的通信路径提供单独的连接面板122A、122B。在HEU120A中的通信信号CS1-CSN通信路径中使用下行链路BIC74和上行链路BIC76以分解通信信号CS1-CSN的副本，以提供给通信RAU102，如先前所描述和在图3的HEU12中所图示。或者，在图6中，RIM可用于替代下行链路BIC74和上行链路BIC76。在此实例中，不在HEU120B中的追踪信号TS1-TSN通信路径中使用下行链路BIC74和上行链路BIC76，以使得不将追踪信号TS1-TSN的副本提供给多个追踪RAU94，或者，将追踪信号TS1-TSN与特定追踪RAU94关联的能力将在此实施方式中丢失。
追踪RAU94和通信RAU102可作为单独的RAU提供或可经配置以共享组件。举例来说，追踪RAU94可与通信RAU102共同定位且可共享同一天线。就这点来说，图8图示由连接到一或多个OIC80的下行链路光纤16D和上行链路光纤16U组成的光纤电缆138。在此实施方式中，提供与通信RAU102共同定位的追踪RAU94，如图8中所示。就这点来说，追踪RAU94和通信RAU102可经配置以共享一些相同组件。举例来说，在此实施方式中，追踪RAU94和共同定位的通信RAU102共享共用的单个天线140。提供功率合成器141以合成从用于下行链路通信的追踪RAU94和通信RAU102传输的电子RF信号且分解从客户端设备传输到用于追踪RAU94和通信RAU102的天线140的上行链路通信信号。或者，上行链路通信信号可不在追踪RAU94和通信RAU102之间分解。追踪RAU94和通信RAU102可从在天线140范围中的客户端设备接收所有上行链路通信信号且将所述信号传送回HEU120A、HEU120B。如果为需要的或要求的，则HEU120A、HEU120B可采用滤波器或其它处理技术来分离上行链路通信信号与上行链路客户端设备识别信息。
图9图示HEU142的示例性实施方式的示意图，所述HEU142具有端口配置以分离追踪信号输入与通信信号输入。就这点来说，提供单独的端口143以从追踪信号发生器接收追踪信号TS1-TSN以提供到追踪RAU94。追踪信号TS1-TSN绕过下行链路BIC74、上行链路BIC76和连接面板144并直接连接到OIC150中的端口。此情况可允许提供一个HEU142来分配追踪信号TS1-TSN和通信信号CS1-CSN而不是提供如图6和图7中所提供的两个单独的HEU。在此实施方式中，追踪信号TS1-TSN在OIC80中与通信信号CS1-CSN合成，所述OIC80经配置以接收两种信号。经合成的追踪信号TS1-TSN和通信信号CS1-CSN传送到追踪RAU94和通信RAU102。此实施不具有基于每个RAU的位置分辨率，如果追踪信号TS1-TSN不在OIC150中与通信信号CS1-CSN合成，那么将提供所述位置分辨率。在此实施方式中，位置分辨率是针对每个OIC150而不是针对每个RAU94、RAU102。然而，在此实施方式中，不需要单独的HEU。另外，追踪信号TS1-TSN与通信信号CS1-CSN之间的功率信号电平可相对于彼此变化。
图10图示OIC150的实例，所述OIC150可经提供作为图9中的OIC80的部分，以提供一个解决方案来防止由OIC150接收的追踪信号发送到由OIC150所支持的所有通信RAU102，以便不丢失追踪信息。在此实施方式中，提供OIC150且所述OIC150由单个PCB组成以支持此实施方式中的多达三（3）个RAU；然而，不需要此配置且所支持RAU的数目并非限制。举例来说，两个OIC150可提供于单个光学接口模块（OIM）中以支持此实施方式中的多达六（6）个RAU。OIC150图示为具有一个下行链路端口152和一个上行链路端口154。下行链路端口152向OIC150提供来自下行链路BIC74的经合成的下行链路电子RF信号，以将所述下行链路电子RF信号转换为下行链路光学RF信号以通过下行链路光纤16D传送到通信RAU102，如图9中所示。分解器156将下行链路RF信号分解为多个副本以提供给由OIC150支持的通信RAU102中的每个通信RAU102。上行链路端口154接收上行链路电子RF信号，所述上行链路电子RF信号由从通信RAU102接收的上行链路光学信号转换而来。上行链路电子RF信号通过合成器158合成且传递到上行链路端口154以传送到上行链路BIC76。
在图10的OIC150中，已经改良和调适OIC150以用于允许将追踪信号传送到由OIC150支持的所有通信RAU102，以提供每个OIC位置分辨率。如此，不需要OIC150的完全新颖的设计。就这点来说，下行链路分接头153提供于OIC150中以允许追踪信号发生器155绕过下行链路BIC74来直接向OIC150提供追踪信号TS。通过分解器156传送追踪信号TS以使得向由OIC150支持的每个RAU94、RAU102提供追踪信号TS的副本。因此，因为向由OIC150支持的所有RAU94、RAU102提供追踪信号，所以通过分配追踪信号TS提供的位置信息将仅允许基于OIC150的分辨率而不是基于每个RAU的位置确定。下行链路通信信号还可通过下行链路端口152传送到OIC150来同样向RAU94、RAU102提供通信信号。追踪信号TS和下行链路通信信号将通过分解器156分解为提供给每个RAU94、RAU102的副本。
类似地，提供上行链路分接头160以绕过提供于HEU中的上行链路BIC76，以便从RAU94、RAU102接收的客户端设备识别信息不与来自其它HEU的其它上行链路通信信号合成。通过合成器158合成从RAU94、RAU102接收的客户端设备识别信息；因此，在此实施方式中通过分配追踪信号TS提供的位置信息将仅允许基于OIC150的分辨率而不是基于每个RAU的位置确定。
图11图示替代性OIC170，所述替代性OIC170也已经改良和调适以允许来自追踪信号发生器的追踪信号和来自RAU的返回的客户端设备识别信息绕过下行链路BIC74和上行链路BIC76（如图10中的OIC150中所提供）。然而，在图11的OIC170中，可基于每个RAU而不是每个OIC来提供位置确定。这是因为分别为由OIC170支持的每个RAU94、RAU102提供用于接收追踪信号的下行链路分接头172和用于接收返回的客户端设备识别信息的上行链路分接头174。在此实施方式中，因为OIC170支持三（3）个RAU94、RAU102，所以提供三（3）个下行链路分接头172和三（3）个上行链路分接头174。下行链路分接头172和上行链路分接头174提供于分解器156和合成器158之后，以使得不将追踪信号复制到多个RAU94、RAU102，且以使得不合成从RAU94、RAU102返回的客户端设备识别信息。在此实施方式中，OIC170可收纳多达三（3）个追踪信号产生器155A-155C以向每个RAU94、RAU102提供独特的追踪信号。同样，可向三（3）个单独的输出端72A-72C个别地提供通过RAU94、RAU102返回到OIC170的客户端设备识别信号。
另外，如本文中所使用，意在使术语“光纤电缆”和/或“光纤”包括所有类型的单模光波导和多模光波导，包括一或多个光纤，所述一或多个光纤可经上涂覆、上色、缓冲、条带化和/或所述一或多个光纤可能在电缆中具有其它组织或保护结构，例如，一或多个管、强度构件、护套等等。同样，其它类型的合适的光纤包括弯曲不敏感光纤或用于传输光信号的任何其它介质。弯曲不敏感或抗弯光纤的实例为可购自CorningIncorporated的多模光纤。例如，在美国专利申请公开案第2008/0166094号和第2009/0169163号中公开这一类型的合适的光纤。
得益于前文描述和相关联图式中呈现的教示，所述实施方式所属领域的技术人员将想到本文所阐述的多种修改和其他实施方式。所述修改包括（但不限于）是否提供追踪信号、是否包括下行链路BIC和/或上行链路BIC、是否在同一分布式通信设备中提供追踪信号输入端以作为下行链路输入端、提供在分布式通信系统中的OIC和RAU的数目和类型等。因此，应了解，描述和权利要求书不受限于所公开的特定实施方式，且意在将修改和其它实施方式包括在附加权利要求书的范围中。本实施方式旨在涵盖所提供的在附加权利要求书和附加权利要求书的等效物的范围内的实施方式的修改和变化。尽管本文采用特定术语，但所述术语仅用于一般和描述意义而不用于限制目的。

Claims (21)

1.一种分布式通信设备，所述分布式通信设备包含：
至少一个第一下行链路输入端，所述第一下行链路输入端经配置以接收下行链路电子射频通信信号；
至少一个上行链路输出端，所述上行链路输出端经配置以接收和传送来自通信上行链路的上行链路电子射频通信信号；以及
至少一个光学接口，所述光学接口经配置以进行以下操作：
接收所述下行链路电子射频通信信号并将所述下行链路电子射频通信信号转换为下行链路光学射频通信信号以提供给至少一个通信远程天线单元；以及
从所述通信上行链路上的所述至少一个通信远程天线单元接收上行链路光学射频通信信号并将所述上行链路光学射频通信信号转换为提供给所述至少一个上行链路输出端的所述上行链路电子射频通信信号；以及
至少一个第二下行链路输入端，所述第二下行链路输入端经配置以接收用于识别至少一个不同位置区域的至少一个电子追踪信号；
其中所述至少一个光学接口进一步经配置以：
接收所述至少一个电子追踪信号并将所述至少一个电子追踪信号转换为至少一个光学追踪信号以提供给至少一个追踪远程天线单元，所述至少一个追踪远程天线单元经配置以识别所述至少一个不同位置区域；
向所述至少一个追踪远程天线单元提供所述至少一个光学追踪信号；以及
向所述至少一个通信远程天线单元提供所述下行链路光学射频通信信号；以及
进一步包含共用天线，所述共用天线耦接到所述至少一个通信远程天线单元和所述至少一个追踪远程天线单元。
2.如权利要求1所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个电子追踪信号未经分解或合成。
3.如权利要求1所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个光学接口经配置以向所述至少一个追踪远程天线单元提供所述至少一个光学追踪信号。
4.如权利要求1所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个电子追踪信号由多个电子追踪信号组成，其中所述至少一个光学接口经配置以接收所述多个电子追踪信号中的每一个电子追踪信号，并将所述电子追踪信号转换为多个光学追踪信号，并进一步配置以向多个远程天线单元中的远程天线单元提供所述多个光学追踪信号中的每一个光学追踪信号。
5.如权利要求4所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述多个电子追踪信号中的每一个电子追踪信号提供不同的位置区域。
6.如权利要求1所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个光学接口经配置以向多个远程天线单元提供所述至少一个光学追踪信号。
7.如权利要求1到5中任一项所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个光学接口经配置以接收含有客户端设备识别信息的所述上行链路光学射频通信信号，并将所述上行链路光学射频通信信号转换为提供给所述至少一个上行链路输出端的所述上行链路电子射频通信信号。
8.如权利要求1到5中任一项所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个光学接口经配置以向所述至少一个通信远程天线单元提供所述下行链路光学射频通信信号。
9.如权利要求8所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个光学接口经配置以向所述至少一个通信远程天线单元提供所述至少一个光学追踪信号。
10.如权利要求1所述的分布式通信设备，所述分布式通信设备进一步包含：
至少一个下行链路接口，所述下行链路接口经配置以从所述至少一个第一下行链路输入端接收所述下行链路电子射频通信信号；以及
至少一个上行链路接口，所述上行链路接口经配置以从所述通信上行链路接收所述上行链路电子射频通信信号并向所述至少一个上行链路输出端提供所述上行链路电子射频通信信号。
11.如权利要求10所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个光学接口经配置以从所述至少一个第二下行链路输入端接收所述至少一个电子追踪信号，所述至少一个第二下行链路输入端与所述至少一个第一下行链路输入端不同。
12.如权利要求11所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个光学接口由以下各者组成：
至少一个通信光学接口，所述至少一个通信光学接口经配置以接收所述下行链路电子射频通信信号并将所述下行链路电子射频通信信号转换为所述下行链路光学射频通信信号以提供给所述至少一个通信远程天线单元；以及
至少一个追踪光学接口，所述至少一个追踪光学接口经配置以从所述至少一个第二下行链路输入端接收所述至少一个电子追踪信号，并向所述至少一个追踪远程天线单元提供所述至少一个电子追踪信号。
13.如权利要求12所述的分布式通信设备，所述分布式通信设备进一步包含：
第一前端设备，所述第一前端设备包括所述至少一个下行链路接口、所述至少一个上行链路接口和所述至少一个通信光学接口；以及
第二前端设备，所述第二前端设备包括所述至少一个第二下行链路输入端。
14.如权利要求1所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个光学接口包含在分解器上的至少一个下行链路分接头，所述至少一个下行链路分接头输入到分解器且经配置以从所述至少一个第二下行链路输入端接收所述至少一个电子追踪信号。
15.如权利要求1所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个光学接口包含在合成器上的至少一个上行链路分接头，所述至少一个上行链路分接头从合成器输出且经配置以接收所述上行链路电子射频通信信号。
16.如权利要求1所述的分布式通信设备，其中所述至少一个光学接口包含在分解器上的至少一个下行链路分接头，所述至少一个下行链路分接头从分解器输出且经配置以从所述至少一个第二下行链路输入端接收所述至少一个电子追踪信号。
17.一种在基于光纤的分布式通信系统中提供定位服务的方法，所述方法包含以下步骤：
从至少一个第一下行链路输入端接收下行链路电子射频通信信号；
在至少一个光学接口中从所述至少一个第一下行链路输入端接收所述下行链路电子射频通信信号；
将所述下行链路电子射频通信信号转换为下行链路光学射频通信信号以提供给至少一个通信远程天线单元；
将从通信上行链路上的所述至少一个通信远程天线单元接收的上行链路光学射频通信信号转换为上行链路电子射频通信信号以提供给至少一个上行链路输出端；以及
从至少一个第二下行链路输入端接收用于识别至少一个不同位置区域的至少一个电子追踪信号，以提供给至少一个追踪远程天线单元，所述至少一个追踪远程天线单元经配置以识别所述至少一个不同位置区域；
所述至少一个电子追踪信号转换为至少一个光学追踪信号；以及
向所述至少一个追踪远程天线单元提供所述至少一个光学追踪信号。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，所述方法进一步包含以下步骤：不分解或不合成所述至少一个电子追踪信号。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法，所述方法进一步包含以下步骤：向多个远程单元之中的至少一个远程天线单元提供所述至少一个光学追踪信号。
20.如权利要求17到19中任一项所述的方法，所述方法进一步包含以下步骤：向所述多个远程天线单元提供所述至少一个光学追踪信号。
21.如权利要求17到19中任一项所述的方法，所述方法进一步包含以下步骤：接收含有客户端设备识别信息的所述上行链路光学射频通信信号，并将所述上行链路光学射频通信信号转换为提供给所述至少一个上行链路输出端的所述上行链路电子射频通信信号。
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