CN102725263A - 双胍衍生物、其制备方法以及包含所述双胍衍生物作为活性成分的药物组合物 - Google Patents

双胍衍生物、其制备方法以及包含所述双胍衍生物作为活性成分的药物组合物 Download PDF

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CN102725263A
CN102725263A CN2011800056035A CN201180005603A CN102725263A CN 102725263 A CN102725263 A CN 102725263A CN 2011800056035 A CN2011800056035 A CN 2011800056035A CN 201180005603 A CN201180005603 A CN 201180005603A CN 102725263 A CN102725263 A CN 102725263A
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biguanides
acid
cancer
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heteroaryl
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金圣旭
田圣树
闵昌熙
金荣雄
姜旼锡
吴炳奎
朴世焕
金用恩
金德�
李枝鲜
吴柱勋
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Hanall Biopharma Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了具有N1-N5取代的式1所示的双胍衍生物或其可药用盐、其制备方法和包含所述双胍衍生物作为活性成分的药物组合物。与常规药物相比,甚至低剂量的本发明双胍衍生物也显示出极佳的AMPKα活化作用和癌细胞增殖抑制作用,这使其可用于治疗糖尿病、肥胖症、高血脂、高胆固醇血症、脂肪肝、冠状动脉病、骨质疏松、多囊卵巢综合征、代谢综合征、癌症等。

Description

双胍衍生物、其制备方法以及包含所述双胍衍生物作为活性成分的药物组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及与常规药物相比显示极佳5’-AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)活化作用和癌细胞增殖抑制作用的双胍衍生物、其制备方法以及包含其作为活性成分的药物组合物。
背景技术
糖尿病的特征为持续高血糖,它是影响碳水化合物和脂类代谢的疾病。该疾病因高血糖导致的血流异常和糖利用降低导致的全身并发症而恶化。糖尿病由胰岛素缺陷或胰岛素抗性诱导,将由胰岛素抗性引起的糖尿病称为2型糖尿病。
2型糖尿病由在递送糖到细胞过程的中胰岛素功能的失常所引起,该失常的原因是胰岛素受体数减少或经受体的信号转导系统缺陷,这种病症被称为胰岛素抗性,2型糖尿病因血液胰岛素过多而直接破坏血管并且加重代谢综合征。
已经使用多种药物来治疗2型糖尿病。但除甲福明二甲双胍外,药物在降低血糖方面仅部分有效,并且不足以有效预防严重并发症(例如失明、瘫痪、内出血、肾衰竭、外周神经病变、足溃疡等)。例如基于磺酰脲的药物使胰腺分泌胰岛素以降低血糖。基于磺酰脲的药物的治疗作用很快消失。而且,基于磺酰脲的药物诱导脂代谢异常,从而导致动脉硬化、增重和由低血糖引起的脑损伤。此外,由于基于格列酮的药物解决脂肪组织的胰岛素抗性问题而将其与甲福明联用,但它具有损伤视网膜血管的副作用。由于这些原因,使用基于格列酮的药物需要特别小心。
甲福明不诱导低血糖,而且其解决了脂肪组织、肝组织和肌肉组织的胰岛素抗性问题,它起到大大降低血糖并且降低糖基化血红蛋白水平的功能。
此外,已知甲福明使得对碳水化合物和脂类代谢进行生理学控制AMP活化的蛋白激酶活化,,并且已报道其降低血糖水平、改善脂类状态且使月经失调、排卵和妊娠正常化。此外,已证明在使用甲福明治疗p53基因缺陷的癌细胞时,甲福明活化癌细胞的AMPK酶并且改变代谢能量通路,从而使癌细胞因不能适应改变的代谢通路而最终死亡[MonicaBuzzai等,Systemic Treatment with the Antidiabetic drug MetforminSelectively Impairs p53-Deficient Tumor Cell Growth,Cancer Res 2007;67:(14)]。
此外,Josie MM Evans报道了以下结论的研究:与未用甲福明治疗的2型糖尿病患者对象相比,用甲福明治疗的对象患癌症的风险更低[Josie MM,Evans et al.BMJ.2005,330,1304-1305]。此外,Samantha L.Browker报道与口服磺酰脲或施用胰岛素的2型糖尿病对象相比,口服甲福明的患者的癌症死亡率更低[Samantha L等,Diabetes mellitus Care.2006,29,254-258]。
越来越多的临床证据表明癌症干细胞参与癌症的复发和转移。肿瘤组织中癌症干细胞的含量为0.2%以下,但癌症干细胞不能通过常规抗癌化学疗法去除。甲福明对癌症干细胞有抗癌作用并且有极佳的耐受性。针对甲福明的近期研究称,当单独施用抗癌药物多柔比星时,癌症干细胞几乎没有变化,但与甲福明一起施用时,它们去除癌症干细胞[Heather A.Hirsch等,Metformin Selectively Targets Cancer Stem Cells,and ActsTogether with Chemotherapy to Block Tumor Growth and ProlongRemission,Cancer Res 2009;69:(19)October 1,2009]。
然而,甲福明通常一天施用3次,单次剂量约为500mg或更高。因此,为了将甲福明制备为一天施用一次的持续释放片剂,该片剂应含有约1500mg或更高的甲福明,但这样的片剂对于大部分患者来说太大而无法服用。此外,由于目前上市的延长释放制剂包含约750mg的甲福明,所以应服用至少2片。由于这些原因,对于比常规甲福明显示更佳药理作用且具有改进的生理化学特性的基于甲福明的物质存在需要。
公开内容
技术问题
本发明旨在提供与常规药物相比以低剂量施用时显示极佳AMPK激活活化作用和癌细胞增殖抑制作用的新双胍衍生物或其可药用盐,以及其制备方法。
本发明还旨在提供包含上述化合物作为活性成分的药物组合物,以治疗糖尿病、肥胖症、高血脂、高胆固醇血症、脂肪肝、冠状动脉病、骨质疏松、多囊卵巢综合征、代谢综合征、癌症等。
技术方案
本发明的一个方面提供具有N1-N5取代的式1所示双胍衍生化合物或其可药用盐。
[式1]
Figure BDA00001861481400031
在式1中,R1、R2、R3和R4独立地为氢或选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代或被选自C3-10环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基、羟基、卤素和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-12烷基,C3-10环烷基,C1-12烷氧基,C5-12芳基,C5-12杂芳基,羟基和卤素,而且所述芳基和杂芳基是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代。
本文所用的“被取代”的基团是指其中至少一个氢原子被至少一个非氢原子基团替代的基团,前提是该基团必须满足化合价要求并且因该取代产生化学稳定的化合物。在本说明书中,除非特别描述为“未取代”,应理解所有取代基可以是取代或未取代的。本发明的双胍中的R1至R4取代基各自可以被至少一个上述取代基进一步取代。
“烷基”是指直链和支链的饱和烃基,通常具有特定数目的碳原子(例如,1至12个碳原子)。烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基和正庚基。烷基可以通过任何环原子连接到母体基团或基质上,除非这样的连接会破坏化合价要求。同样,烷基或烯基可以包含至少一个非氢取代基,除非这样的取代会破坏化合价要求。
“环烷基”是指饱和的单环和多环烃环,通常具有包括环的特定数目的碳原子(例如C3-10环烷基是指具有3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子作为环成员的环烷基)。环烷基可以通过任何环原子连接到母体或基质,除非这样的连接会破坏化合价要求。同样,环烷基可以包含至少一个非氢取代基,除非这样的取代会破坏化合价要求。
“芳基”是指一价和二价芳族基团,分别包括5元和6元单环芳族基团,“杂芳基”是指一价和二价芳族基团,分别包括含有独立地选自氮、氧和硫的1至4个杂原子的5元和6元单环芳族基团。单环芳基和杂芳基的实例包括但不限于苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、吡咯基、噻吩基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、四唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基等。芳基和杂芳基还包括二环基团、三环基团等,包括稠合的上述5元和6元环。多环芳基和杂芳基的实例包括但不限于异喹啉基、萘基、联苯基、蒽基、芘基、咔唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并二噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、嘌呤基、吲哚嗪基等。芳基和杂芳基可以通过任何环原子连接到母体基团或基质,除非这样的连接会破坏化合价要求。同样,芳基和杂芳基可以包含至少一个非氢取代基,除非这样的取代会破坏化合价要求。芳基和杂芳基的非氢取代基还可以被另外的非氢取代基取代。
“羰基”是指一C(O)R’。本文所用“(O)”是指通过双键与原子如碳或硫连接的氧。此处,“R”是指非氢取代基如低级烷基、低级烷氧基等。羰基的实例包括但不限于2-甲氧基氧代乙基、3-甲氧基氧代丙基等。羰基可以通过任何环原子连接到母体基团或基质,除非这样的连接会破坏化合价要求。同样,羰基可以包含至少一个非氢取代基,除非这样的取代会破坏化合价要求。
“烷氧基”是指烷基-O-。此处,烷基与以上定义的相同。烷氧基的实例包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基等。烷氧基可以通过任何环原子连接到母体基团或基质,除非这样的连接会破坏化合价要求。同样,烷氧基可以包含至少一个非氢取代基,除非这样的取代会破坏化合价要求。
“羟基”是指-OH,“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴和碘,“氧代”是指=O。
在本发明的式1化合物中,R1、R2、R3和R4独立地为氢或选自以下的非氢取代基:C1-12烷基、C3-10环烷基、C1-12烷氧基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基、羟基和卤素。
此处,C1-12烷基可以是直链或支链的C1-12烷基,其未被取代或者被至少一个非氢取代基取代。当烷基被非氢取代基取代时,烷基可以为但不限于具有1至12个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。此处,用于烷基的非氢取代基可以选自C3-10环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基、羟基、卤素和C1-4烷氧基羰基,但本发明不限于此。非氢取代基还可以被进一步取代或者是未取代的。例如芳基和杂芳基可以是未取代的或者被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代。
在一个实施方案中,R1、R2、R3和R4独立地为氢或选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代的C1-7烷基,被选自未取代的C3-7环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基、羟基、卤素和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-6烷基,未取代的C3-7环烷基,C1-6烷氧基,C5-12芳基,C5-12杂芳基,羟基,和卤素。所述芳基和杂芳基可以是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代。
在一个实施方案中,R1和R4独立地为选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代的C1-7烷基,被选自未取代的C3-7环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-6烷基,未取代的C3-7环烷基,C5-12芳基,和C5-12杂芳基;R2和R3为氢,未取代的C1-7烷基,C5-12芳基,或被C5-12杂芳基取代的C1-6烷基;而且所述芳基和杂芳基可以是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代。
在一个实施方案中,R1和R4独立地为选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代的C1-7烷基,被选自未取代的C3-7环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-4烷基,未取代的C3-7环烷基,C5-12芳基,和C5-12杂芳基;R2和R3为氢,未取代的C1-7烷基,C5-12芳基,或被C5-12杂芳基取代的C1-4烷基;而且所述芳基和杂芳基可以是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代,或者可以选自苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基和异喹啉基。
在一个实施方案中,R1是未取代的C1-7烷基,被C5-12芳基或C5-12杂芳基取代的C1-4烷基,C5-12芳基,或C5-12杂芳基;R2为氢,或未取代的C1-7烷基;R3为氢,未取代的C1-7烷基,C5-12芳基,或C5-12杂芳基;R4是选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代的C1-7烷基,被选自未取代的C3-7环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-4烷基,未取代的C3-7环烷基,C5-12芳基,和C5-12杂芳基。所述芳基和杂芳基可以是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代,或者可以选自苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基和异喹啉基。
在一个实施方案中,式1的化合物可以是N1-己基-N5-丙基双胍、N1-丙基-N5-环丙基甲基双胍、N1-己基-N5-环己基甲基双胍、N1-己基-N5-苄基双胍、N1,N5-双(4-氯苯基)双胍、N1,N5-双(3-氯苯基)双胍、N1-(4-氯)苯基-N5-(4-甲氧基)苯基双胍、N1,N5-双(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)双胍、N1,N5-双(3,4-二氯苯基)双胍、N1,N5-双(3,5-二氯苯基)双胍、N1,N5-双(4-溴苯基)双胍、N1-苄基-N5-(吡啶-3-基)甲基双胍、N1-(苯乙基)-N5-丙基双胍、N1-(苯乙基)-N5-环丙基甲基双胍、N1-(苯乙基)-N5-环庚基双胍、N1,N5-双(苯乙基)双胍、N1,N1,N5-三甲基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-丁基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(丁-2-基)双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-叔丁基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-戊基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-甲氧基羰乙基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-环庚基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-环丙基甲基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(4-溴)苯基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(呋喃-2-基)甲基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(吡啶-3-基)甲基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-苄基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(苯乙基)双胍、N1,N1-二乙基-N5-(3-氯)苯基双胍、N1,N1-二丙基-N5-(3-氯)苯基双胍、N1,N1-(乙基)(丙基)-N5-(4-氯)苯基双胍、N1,N1-二丙基-N5-(异喹啉-5-基)双胍、N1,N1-二己基-N5-(3-氯)苯基双胍、N1,N1,N5,N5-四乙基双胍、N1,N1-二乙基-N5,N5-(环己基)(甲基)双胍、N1,N1-二丙基-N5,N5-二乙基双胍、N1,N1-二丙基-N5,N5-(甲基)(苯乙基)双胍、N1,N1-二丙基-N5,N5-(4-羟基苯基)(苯基)双胍、或N1,N1,N5,N5-双((苄基)(甲基))双胍。
同时,本发明式1化合物的可药用盐可以是用有机酸或无机酸形成的酸加成盐。有机酸的例子包括甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、丁酸、异丁酸、三氟乙酸、苹果酸、马来酸、丙二酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、琥珀酸单酰胺、谷氨酸、酒石酸、草酸、柠檬酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖醛酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、苯二甲酸、水杨酸、蒽基酸、二氯乙酸、氨氧乙酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸和甲磺酸,无机酸的实例包括盐酸、溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、碳酸和硼酸。上述酸加成盐可以通过制备盐的常用方法制备,包括a)将式1化合物与酸直接混合,b)将化合物和酸之一溶解于溶剂或水化溶剂中,将所得溶液与其他要素混合,或c)分别将式1化合物和酸溶解在溶剂或水化溶剂中,然后将它们混合。
当式1化合物具有如羧基和磺酸基的酸性基团时,该化合物可以形成两性离子盐,这种盐的实例包括碱金属盐(即钠盐、钾盐等)、碱土金属盐(即钙盐、镁盐等)、基于无机酸的盐(即铝盐、铵盐等)和碱加成盐(即基于三甲胺、三乙胺、吡啶、甲基吡啶、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二环己胺、N,N’-二苄基乙烯二胺的盐等)。此外,式1化合物的盐可以是基于碱性氨基酸的盐(即基于精氨酸、赖氨酸或鸟氨酸的盐)或基于酸性氨基酸的盐(即基于阿斯巴甜的盐)。
在一个实施方案中,式1化合物的可药用盐可以是具有选自以下的酸的盐:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、丁酸、异丁酸、三氟乙酸、苹果酸、马来酸、丙二酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、琥珀酸单酰胺、谷氨酸、酒石酸、草酸、柠檬酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖醛酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、苯二甲酸、水杨酸、蒽基酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、二氯乙酸、氨氧乙酸、盐酸、溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、碳酸和硼酸。
本发明式1的化合物可以通过多种方法制备。
在一个实施方案中,式1化合物的制备方法包括使式2化合物与二氰基胺在至少一种有机溶剂中反应,得到式3的化合物;然后使式3的化合物与式4的化合物在至少一种有机溶剂中反应,得到式1的化合物。
[式1]
Figure BDA00001861481400071
[式2]
[式3]
Figure BDA00001861481400073
[式4]
Figure BDA00001861481400081
在这些式中,R1、R2、R3和R4与式1中定义的相同。该方法可以如反应方案1所示,将分步骤说明该方案。
[反应方案1]
在式1化合物的制备方法中,用作中间产物的式3化合物氰基胍可以通过如下方式制备:使式2的取代的胺与二氰酰胺(如二氰酰胺钠或二氰酰胺钾)在至少一种有机溶剂中反应以将取代的胺转化成式3的氰基胍化合物,然后将式3的氰基胍化合物与式4的化合物在至少一种有机溶剂中回流。
用于制备式3氰基胍化合物的氰酰胺钠的量相对于式2化合物为约1至2摩尔当量,本文所用有机溶剂的实例可以是乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇等。反应温度为60至150℃。
将以上获得的式3的氰基胍化合物溶于至少一种有机溶剂(即乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇或1,4-二噁烷)后,添加式4的化合物然后搅拌回流。在这里,式4化合物的量相对于式3化合物为约1至2摩尔当量,反应温度在所用溶剂的回流温度范围内(即,对于丁醇来说,室温至140℃)。当反应完成时,过滤所得产物,用酸(如盐酸)将反应溶液的pH控制为约4至5。浓缩并且纯化这样制备的溶液,从而得到式1化合物或其可药用盐。
与常规药物相比,仅低剂量的这样生成的式1化合物或其可药用盐可以显示AMPK活化作用和癌细胞增殖抑制作用,这可以在以下实施例中得到证实。如上所述,已知AMPK活化抑制癌症、降低血糖、降低脂类浓度。因此,式1化合物或其可药用盐可用于治疗糖尿病、肥胖症、高血脂、高胆固醇血症、脂肪肝、冠状动脉病、骨质疏松、多囊卵巢综合征、代谢综合征等,以及癌症。
本发明的另一方面提供包含式1化合物或其可药用盐作为活性成分的药物。
本发明的又一方面提供包含式1化合物或其可药用盐作为活性成分的药物组合物,以用于治疗选自以下的疾病:糖尿病、肥胖症、高血脂、高胆固醇血症、脂肪肝、冠状动脉病、骨质疏松、多囊卵巢综合征、代谢综合征、癌症、肌肉痛、肌细胞损伤和横纹肌溶解症,提供式1化合物或其可药用盐用于治疗上述疾病的用途,以及治疗疾病的方法,所述方法包括向对象施用治疗有效量的式1化合物或其可药用盐。
在一个实施方案中,糖尿病可以是非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。
在一个实施方案中,癌症可以是乳癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、血液癌症、前列腺癌、脑癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌或子宫内膜癌。
本发明的药物组合物除活性成分外还包含至少一种可药用载体。本发明所用“可药用载体”是指已知的可药用赋形剂,其可用于配制施用于对象的药用活性化合物,并且在使用条件下基本无毒且无刺激性。通过标准药学实践以及活性化合物的溶解性、化学特性和所选的施用途径确定赋形剂的准确量。
可以使用适合且生理可接受的辅剂(例如赋形剂、崩解剂、甜味剂、粘合剂、包衣剂、膨胀剂、润滑剂、光亮剂、调味剂等)将本发明的药物组合物配置为适当形式以用于期望的施用方法。
所述药物组合物可以配制为片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、粉剂、注射剂或液体剂,但不限于此。
同时,在本发明中,“对象”是指具有特定疾病、异常或病症的温血动物如哺乳动物,例如包括人、猩猩、小鼠、大鼠、狗、牛、鸡、猪、山羊等,但本发明不限于此。
此外,“治疗”包括暂时或永久缓解症状、消除症状起因以及预防或减少症状发生,疾病、异常或病症的进展,但本发明不限于此。
本发明药物组合物活性成分的有效量是指治疗疾病所需的量。因此,有效量可以被多种因素控制,如疾病的类型和严重性,活性成分和组合物中所含的其他成分的种类和含量,制剂类型,对象的年龄、体重、一般医疗状况、性别和饮食,施用的持续时间和途径,组合物的释放速率,治疗方案和同时施用的药物。例如,对于体重为60kg的成年男性,可以以0.5至100mg/kg体重的剂量范围每天一次至几次施用式1化合物。然而,剂量可以根据上述多种因素而异,在一些情况下,可以施用比上述组合物剂量更低或更高的剂量。
[有利作用]
与常规药物相比,本发明式1的双胍衍生物可在低剂量下显示极佳的AMPK活化作用和癌细胞增殖抑制作用,因此其可用于治疗糖尿病、肥胖症、高血脂、高胆固醇血症、脂肪肝、冠状动脉病、骨质疏松、多囊卵巢综合征、代谢综合征、癌症等。
[最佳实施方式]
本发明的优势和特征以及证明它们的方法将通过详细描述的以下实施例解释。但是,应明确理解本发明不限于此,本发明可以以其他方式多样地体现和实施。显然的是以下实施例是为了使本发明的公开内容完整并且向本领域技术人员完整解释本发明的范围,本发明仅由权利要求的范围限定。
实施例
实施例1:盐酸N1-己基-N5-丙基双胍的制备
Figure BDA00001861481400101
(1-1)1-己基-3-氰基胍的合成
在室温下伴随搅拌向通过将1-己胺(3.6g,35.9mmol)溶于正丁醇(30ml)而制备的溶液中添加二氰胺钠(3.5g,39.5mmol)和浓盐酸(3.4ml,39.5mmol)。将混合的溶液回流搅拌24小时。确认反应完成后,通过过滤反应混合物去除产生的氯化钠,然后将经过滤的溶液在减压下浓缩。过滤浓缩物后,用蒸馏水(30ml)洗涤滤饼。真空干燥滤饼,从而获得作为白色固体的目标化合物((3.4g,58%)。无需进行另外的纯化步骤将化合物用于随后的反应中。
(1-2)盐酸N1-己基-N5-丙基双胍的制备
向通过将1-丙胺(0.58g,5.84mmol)溶于正丁醇(10ml)而制备的溶液中添加浓盐酸(0.47ml,5.31mmol),在室温下搅拌混合的溶液30分钟。将以上步骤(1-1)中获得化合物(0.89g,5.31mmol)添加到反应混合物中并且回流搅拌24小时。在减压下浓缩混合物,使用快速柱色谱(二氯甲烷∶甲醇=9∶1)纯化浓缩物。添加6N甲醇盐酸溶液(1ml)以溶解化合物,在减压下浓缩混合物,从而获得作为白色固体的目标化合物(0.92g,65%)。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.46(br s,2H),6.81(br s,2H),3.05(m,4H),1.44(m,4H)1.25(m,6H),0.85(t,3H,J=7.2Hz);mP 148-149℃
通过与实施例1所述相同的方法制备以下实施例2至40的目标化合物,不同之处是使用了对应于目标化合物的胺化合物而非在实施例1的步骤(1-1)和(1-2)中分别使用的1-己胺和1-丙胺。
实施例2:盐酸N1-丙基-N5-环丙基甲基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400111
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.50(br s,2H),6.83(br s,3H),3.07(m,2H),2.97(m,2H),1.42(m,2H),1.26(m,6H),0.95(m,1H),0.85(t,3H,J=6.6Hz),0.42(m,2H),0.17(d,2H,J=4.8Hz);mp 162-163℃
实施例3:盐酸N1-己基-N5-环己基甲基双胍
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.22(br s,2H),3.12(m,2H),2.73(dd,2H,J=7.5,7.2Hz),1.96(m,2H),1.68(m,2H),1.50-1.59(m,7H),1.46(m,2H),1.38(m,2H),1.23-1.36(m,4H),0.87(t,3H,J=7.2Hz)
实施例4:盐酸N1-己基-N5-苄基双胍
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45(br s,1H),7.24-7.36(m,5H),6.92(br s,2H),4.33(d,2H,J=6.0Hz),3.08(m,2H),1.21-1.44(m,8H),0.86(m,3H):mp 121-123℃
实施例5:盐酸N1,N5-双(4-氯苯基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400122
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.02(br s,2H),7.54(br s,2H),7.38(d,4H,J=9.0Hz),7.32(d,4H,J=9.0Hz);mp 263-264℃
实施例6:盐酸N1,N5-双(3-氯苯基)双胍
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.23(br s,2H),7.54(dd,2H,J=2.0,2.0Hz),7.32(dd,2H,J=8.2,8.2Hz),7.23(ddd,2H,J=8.2,2.0,0.8Hz),7.15(br s,2H),7.11(ddd,2H,J=8.2,2.0,0.8Hz);mp 129-131℃
实施例7:盐酸N1-(4-氯)苯基-N5-(4-甲氧基)苯基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400124
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.87(br s,1H),9.75(br s,1H),7.49(brs,1H),7.35(d,2H,J=9.0Hz),7.33(d,2H,J=9.0Hz),7.30(br s,1H),7.20(d,2H,9.0Hz),6.91(d,2H,9.0Hz),3.72(s,3H);mp 247-249℃
实施例8:盐酸N1,N5-双(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400131
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.11(br s,1H),7.46(d,2H,J=2.4Hz),7.20(dd,2H,J=9.0,2.4Hz),7.09(d,2H,J=9.0Hz),7.05(br s,1H),3.83(s,6H);mp 203-204℃
实施例9:盐酸N1,N5-双(3,4-二氯苯基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400132
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.3(brs,1H),7.73(br s,1H),7.63(s,2H),7.59(d,2H,J=9.0Hz),7.28(d,2H,J=9.0Hz);mp 255-257℃
实施例10:盐酸N1,N5-双(3,5-二氯苯基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400133
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.48(br s,1H),7.85(br s,1H),7.40(d,4H,J=1.8Hz),7.35(d,2H,J=1.8Hz);mp 250-251℃
实施例11:盐酸N1,N5-双(4-溴苯基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400134
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.17(br s,1H),7.59(br s,1H),7.49(d,4H,J=7.2Hz),7.27(d,4H,J=7.2Hz);mp 242-243℃
实施例12:盐酸N1-苄基-N5-(吡啶-3-基)甲基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400141
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.67(s,1H),8.57(dd,1H,J=4.8,1.6Hz),8.45(brs,2H),7.93(dd,1H,J=7.6,1.6Hz),7.90(br a,1H),7.45(dd,1H,J=7.6,4.8Hz),7.18-7.34(m,5H),7.21(brs,1H),4.32(m,2H),4.06(s,2H);mp 138-140℃
实施例13:盐酸N1-(苯乙基)-N5-丙基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400142
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.33(br s,2H),7.21-7.37(m,5H),6.87(br s,2H),3.33(m,2H),2.79(m,2H),1.46(m,2H),0.87(t,3H,J=7.2Hz);mp 126-128℃
实施例14:盐酸N1-(苯乙基)-N5-环丙基甲基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400143
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.20-7.32(m,5H),3.32(m,2H),2.98(t,2H,J=6.0Hz),2.76(m,2H),0.96(m,1H),0.41(dd,2H,J=7.8,1.8Hz),0.19(dd,2H,J=4.8,1.8Hz);mp143-146℃
实施例15:盐酸N1-(苯乙基)-N5-环庚基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400144
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.08(br s,2H),7.10-7.38(m,5H),6.86(br s,2H),3.66(m,1H),3.33(m,4H),3.15(m,2H),2.77(m,2H),1.81(m,2H),1.36-1.57(m,6H);mp 135-137℃
实施例16:盐酸N1,N5-双(苯乙基)双胍
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.29(br s,2H),7.34(m,2H),7.26(m,3H),3.00(t,2H,J=9.0Hz),2.92(t,2H,J=9.0Hz);mp 204-205℃
实施例17:盐酸N1,N1,N5-三甲基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400152
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.98(br s,2H),6.91(br s,1H),2.82(s,9H);mp175-177℃
实施例18:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-丁基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400153
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.95(br s,2H),6.93(br s,1H),2.85(s,6H),2.72(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),1.49(m,2H),1.31(m,2H),0.86(t,3H,J=7.8Hz);mp 131-133℃
实施例19:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(丁-2-基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400154
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92(br s,2H),6.94(br s,1H),3.05(m,1H),2.87(s,6H),1.60(m,1H),1.43(m,1H),1.15(d,3H,J=5.4Hz),0.88(t,3H),J=7.2Hz);mP110-112℃
实施例20:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-叔丁基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400155
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.05(br s,2H),6.93(br s,1H),2.85(s,6H),1.23(s,9H);mp 186-187℃
实施例21:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-戊基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400161
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.94(br s,2H),6.95(br s,1H),2.86(s,6H),2.73(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),1.54(m,2H),1.27(m,4H),0.86(t,3H,J=7.2Hz);mp 131-133℃
实施例22:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(甲氧基羰乙基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400162
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.12(br s,2H),6.93(br s,1H),3.61(s,3H),2.97(t,2H,J=4.8Hz),2.69(t,2H,J=4.8Hz);mp 100-102℃
实施例23:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-环庚基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400163
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.01(br s,2H),6.93(br s,1H),3.10(m,1H),2.86(s,6H),1.91(m,2H),1.63(m,2H),1.38-1.53(m,6H),1.34(m,2H);mp 132-133℃
实施例24:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-环丙基甲基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400164
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.08(br s,2H),6.94(br s,1H),2.86(s,6H),2.63(d,2H,J=4.8Hz),1.01(m,1H),0.51(m,2H),0.31(m,2H);mp117-118℃
实施例25:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(4-溴)苯基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400171
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.07(br s,1H),7.68(br s,2H),7.40(d,2H,J=9.0Hz),7.35(d,2H,J=9.0Hz),2.92(s,6H);mp 272-273℃
实施例26:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(呋喃-2-基)甲基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400172
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.59(m,1H),7.38(br s,2H),6.77(br s,1H),6.40(dd,1H,J=2.7,1.5Hz),6.31(s,1H),4.31(d,2H,J=6.0Hz),2.92(s,6H);mp176-177℃
实施例27:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(吡啶-3-基)甲基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400173
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.65(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),8.62(br s,2H),8.52(dd,1H,J=4.8,1.8Hz),7.93(ddd,1H,J=7.8,1.8,1.8Hz),7.40(dd,1H,J=7.8,4.8Hz),4.01(s,2H),3.34(s,6H);mp 112-114℃
实施例28:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-苄基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400174
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.51(br s,2H),7.46(m,2H),7.36(m,3H),6.91(brs,1H),3.95(s,2H),2.83(s,6H);mp 151-152℃
实施例29:盐酸N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(苯乙基)双胍
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.24(br s,2H),7.20-7.34(m,6H),3.00(t,2H,J=7.8Hz),2.92(s,6H),2.91(t,2H,J=7.8Hz);mp 155-157℃
实施例30:盐酸N1,N1-二乙基-N5-(3-氯)苯基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400182
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.91(br s,1H),7.64(br s,2H),7.60(dd,1H,J=2.0,2.0Hz),7.29(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.26(ddd,1H,J=8.0,1.6,1.6Hz),7.05(ddd,1H,J=8.0,1.6,1.6Hz),6.92(br s,1H),3.31(m,4H),1.08(m,6H);mp 219-220℃
实施例31:盐酸N1,N1-二丙基-N5-(3-氯)苯基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400183
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.20(br s,1H),7.70(br s,2H),7.63(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),7.30(m,2H),7.05(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),3.27(m,4H),1.56(m,4H),0.85(m,6H);mp 201-202℃
实施例32:盐酸N1,N1-(乙基)(丙基)-N5-(4-氯)苯基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400184
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.71(br s,1H),8.69(br s,1H),7.42(d,2H,J=6.6Hz),7.35(d,2H,J=6.6Hz),7.23(br s,2H),2.90(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),2.80(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),1.61(m,2H),1.18(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),0.91(t,3H,J=7.2Hz);mp 110-112℃
实施例33:盐酸N1,N1-二丙基-N5-(异喹啉-5-基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400191
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.27(br s,2H),8.64(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.97(m,2H),7.78(ddd,1H,J=8.4,6.0,2.4Hz),7.71(d,1H,J=7.2Hz),7.38(br s,1H),7.23(d,1H,J=7.2Hz),3.21(t,2H,J=7.6Hz),0.85(t,3H,J=7.2Hz);mp 191-192℃
实施例34:盐酸N1,N1-二己基-N5-(3-氯)苯基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400192
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.07(br s,1H),7.67(br s,1H),7.62(dd,1H,J=2.4,1.8Hz),7.29(dd,1H,J=7.8,7.8Hz),7.25(ddd,1H,J=7.8,1.8,1.2Hz),7.05(ddd,1H,J=7.8,2.4,1.2Hz),3.27(t,4H,J=7.8Hz),1.52(m,4H),1.18-1.34(m,12H),0.82(m,6H);mp 187-188℃
实施例35:盐酸N1,N1,N5,N5-四乙基双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400193
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.76(br s,2H),6.90(br s,1H),2.87(q,8H,J=7.2Hz),1.17(t,12H,J=7.2Hz);mp 140-141℃
实施例36:盐酸N1,N1-二乙基-N5,N5-(环己基)(甲基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400201
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6δ8.73(brs,2H),6.90(br s,1H),3.26(q,4H,J=7.2Hz),2.86(m,1H),2.49(s,3H),1.99(m,2H),1.74(m,2H),1.20-1.30(m,6H),1.02(t,6H,J=7.2Hz);mp 115-117℃
实施例37:盐酸N1,N1-二丙基-N5,N5-二乙基双胍
1H NMR(600MHz,DMS0-d6)δ6.92(br s,1H),6.89(br s,1H),3.30(m,4H),3.21(m,4H),1.51(m,4H),1.08(t,6H,J=6.0Hz),0.84(t,6H,J=6.6Hz);mp 151-152℃
实施例38:盐酸N1,N1-二丙基-N5,N5-(甲基)(苯乙基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400203
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.16-7.30(m,5H),6.90(br s,2H),3.47(t,2H,J=7.8Hz),3.18(t,4H,J=7.2Hz),2.84(s,3H),2.76(t,2H,J=7.8Hz),1.49(m,4H),0.83(m,6H);mp 110-111℃
实施例39:盐酸N1,N1-二丙基-N5,N5-(4-羟基苯基)(苯基)双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400211
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.86(br s,1H),7.20-7.38(m,5H),7.16(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),6.84(br s,2H),6.81(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),3.10(t,4H,J=5.4Hz),1.54(m,4H),0.89(t,6H,J=7.2Hz);mp 189-190℃
实施例40:盐酸N1,N1,N5,N5-双((苄基)(甲基))双胍
Figure BDA00001861481400212
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.59(m,4H),7.41(m,6H),7.00(br s,2H),4.07(s,4H),2.47(s,6H);mp 141-142℃
[实验实施例]
根据以下实验实施例中所述方法,使用通过本发明实施例所述方法合成的化合物处理癌细胞,测量对癌细胞增殖的抑制作用。简要实验方法如下:
实验实施例1:测量抑制癌细胞增殖的作用
使用源自人结直肠癌的HCT116细胞,通过使用溴化3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑(MTT)试剂,测量50%的细胞生长被抑制时的浓度值(细胞生长抑制浓度,GIC50)来确定双胍衍生物对癌细胞增殖的抑制作用。
首先,将HCT116细胞放入96孔板,在含有10%牛血清的DMEM培养基中培养24小时,直至每孔的细胞计数为约5000。然后,为获得每种化合物的GIC50值,用100μM(或200μM)、25μM、6.25μM、1.56μM或0.39μM的化合物处理每个培养基,然后孵育48小时。为了确定化合物处理后存活的细胞,向每个培养基中添加MTT,再孵育3小时。用二甲亚砜(DMSO)溶解产生的甲臜晶体,在560nm测量溶液的吸光度。孵育48小时后,未用化合物处理之板孔的细胞计数与用实施例所合成化合物处理之板孔的细胞计数的比值表示每种施用浓度的细胞活力(%),用50%的生长被抑制时计算的化合物浓度值(GIC50)来确定对癌细胞增殖的抑制作用。
表1  示出癌细胞生长抑制作用的结果。
Figure BDA00001861481400221
实验实施例2:测量对AMPK活化的作用
使用源自人乳癌细胞的MCF7细胞,使用AMPKα免疫测定试剂盒(Invitrogen,货号KHO0651)来确认双胍衍生物对5’-AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的活化作用。
将MCF7细胞放入6孔板,于提供有5%CO2的孵育箱中在含有10%牛血清的DMEM培养基中孵育,直至细胞计数为约5×105。用50μM实施例中合成的衍生物处理每个培养基,孵育细胞24小时。然后,通过AMPKα免疫测定试剂盒操作手册中所示的方法裂解细胞,通过蛋白质测定产生20μg的细胞裂解物。通过AMPKα免疫测定试剂盒操作手册中所示的方法确定细胞裂解物中AMPKα第172位苏氨酸残基(Thr172)的磷酸化水平,从而获得结果。双胍衍生物的对AMPKα的活化程度表示为相对于未用双胍衍生物处理所培养的细胞中的磷酸化AMPKα,在实施例所合成化合物存在下的培养基中磷酸化AMPKα的程度。
此外,使用甲福明作为对照组用与实验实施例2所述相同的方式进行实验,将对AMPK活化的作用的结果与用1mM甲福明处理时对AMPK活化的作用相比较。
结果示于表2
Figure BDA00001861481400241
Figure BDA00001861481400251
因此,可见实施例中合成的衍生物在抑制癌细胞增殖的作用方面有效抑制癌细胞特别是结直肠癌细胞的活力。此外,观察到在浓度低于对照组甲福明20倍时显示更高AMPKα活化作用的化合物可具有比对照组至少强20倍的作用。

Claims (19)

1.式1的化合物或其可药用盐:
[式1]
Figure FDA00001861481300011
其中R1、R2、R3和R4独立地为氢或选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代或被选自C3-10环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基、羟基、卤素和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-12烷基,C3-10环烷基,C1-12烷氧基,C5-12芳基,C5-12杂芳基,羟基和卤素,而且
所述芳基和杂芳基是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代。
2.权利要求1的式1的化合物或其可药用盐,其中R1、R2、R3和R4独立地为氢或选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代的C1-7烷基,被选自未取代的C3-7环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基、羟基、卤素和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-6烷基,未取代的C3-7环烷基,C1-6烷氧基,C5-12芳基,C5-12杂芳基,羟基,和卤素,而且
所述芳基和杂芳基是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代。
3.权利要求2的式1的化合物或其可药用盐,其中R1和R4独立地为选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代的C1-7烷基,被选自未取代的C3-7环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-6烷基,未取代的C3-7环烷基,C5-12芳基,和C5-12杂芳基;
R2和R3为氢,未取代的C1-7烷基,C5-12芳基,或被C5-12杂芳基取代的C1-6烷基;而且
所述芳基和杂芳基是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代。
4.权利要求3的式1的化合物或其可药用盐,其中R1和R4独立地为选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代的C1-7烷基,被选自未取代的C3-7环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-4烷基,未取代的C3-7环烷基,C5-12芳基,和C5-12杂芳基,
R2和R3为氢,未取代的C1-7烷基,C5-12芳基,或被C5-12杂芳基取代的C1-4烷基,而且
所述芳基和杂芳基可以是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代,所述芳基和杂芳基选自苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基和异喹啉基。
5.权利要求4的式1的化合物或其可药用盐,其中R1是未取代的C1-7烷基,被C5-12芳基或C5-12杂芳基取代的C1-4烷基,C5-12芳基,或C5-12杂芳基;
R2为氢或未取代的C1-7烷基;
R3为氢,未取代的C1-7烷基,C5-12芳基或C5-12杂芳基;
R4是选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代的C1-7烷基,被选自未取代的C3-7环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-4烷基,未取代的C3-7环烷基,C5-12芳基,和C5-12杂芳基;而且
所述芳基和杂芳基可以是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代,或者选自苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基和异喹啉基。
6.权利要求1的式1的化合物或其可药用盐,其中所述式1的化合物为N1-己基-N5-丙基双胍、N1-丙基-N5-环丙基甲基双胍、N1-己基-N5-环己基甲基双胍、N1-己基-N5-苄基双胍、N1,N5-双(4-氯苯基)双胍、N1,N5-双(3-氯苯基)双胍、N1-(4-氯)苯基-N5-(4-甲氧基)苯基双胍、N1,N5-双(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)双胍、N1,N5-双(3,4-二氯苯基)双胍、N1,N5-双(3,5-二氯苯基)双胍、N1,N5-双(4-溴苯基)双胍、N1-苄基-N5-(吡啶-3-基)甲基双胍、N1-(苯乙基)-N5-丙基双胍、N1-(苯乙基)-N5-环丙基甲基双胍、N1-(苯乙基)-N5-环庚基双胍、N1,N5-双(苯乙基)双胍、N1,N1,N5-三甲基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-丁基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(丁-2-基)双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-叔丁基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-戊基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-甲氧基羰乙基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-环庚基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-环丙基甲基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(4-溴)苯基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(呋喃-2-基)甲基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(吡啶-3-基)甲基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-苄基双胍、N1,N1-二甲基-N5-(苯乙基)双胍、N1,N1-二乙基-N5-(3-氯)苯基双胍、N1,N1-二丙基-N5-(3-氯)苯基双胍、N1,N1-(乙基)(丙基)-N5-(4-氯)苯基双胍、N1,N1-二丙基-N5-(异喹啉-5-基)双胍、N1,N1-二己基-N5-(3-氯)苯基双胍、N1,N1,N5,N5-四乙基双胍、N1,N1-二乙基-N5,N5-(环己基)(甲基)双胍、N1,N1-二丙基-N5,N5-二乙基双胍、N1,N1-二丙基-N5,N5-(甲基)(苯乙基)双胍、N1,N1-二丙基-N5,N5-(4-羟基苯基)(苯基)双胍、或N1,N1,N5,N5-双((苄基)(甲基))双胍。
7.权利要求1的式1的化合物或其可药用盐,其中所述可药用盐是与选自以下的酸所成的盐:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、丁酸、异丁酸、三氟乙酸、苹果酸、马来酸、丙二酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、琥珀酸单酰胺、谷氨酸、酒石酸、草酸、柠檬酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖醛酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、苯二甲酸、水杨酸、蒽基酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、二氯乙酸、氨氧乙酸、盐酸、溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、碳酸和硼酸。
8.制备式1化合物的方法,其包括:
使式2化合物与二氰基胺在至少一种有机溶剂中反应,得到式3的化合物;以及
使式3的化合物与式4的化合物在至少一种有机溶剂中反应,得到式1的化合物:
[式1]
Figure FDA00001861481300031
[式2]
Figure FDA00001861481300032
[式3]
Figure FDA00001861481300041
[式4]
Figure FDA00001861481300042
其中,R1、R2、R3和R4独立地为氢或选自以下的非氢取代基:未取代或被选自C3-10环烷基、C5-12芳基、C5-12杂芳基、羟基、卤素和C1-4烷氧基羰基的至少一个非氢取代基取代的C1-12烷基,C3-10环烷基,C1-12烷氧基,C5-12芳基,C5-12杂芳基,羟基和卤素;而且
所述芳基和杂芳基是未取代的或被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基和卤素的至少一个非氢取代基取代。
9.药物,其包含式1化合物或其可药用盐作为活性成分。
10.药物组合物,其包含式1化合物或其可药用盐作为活性成分以治疗选自以下的疾病:糖尿病、肥胖症、高血脂、高胆固醇血症、脂肪肝、冠状动脉病、骨质疏松、多囊卵巢综合征、代谢综合征、癌症、肌肉痛、肌细胞损伤和横纹肌溶解症。
11.权利要求10的药物组合物,其中所述糖尿病是非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。
12.权利要求10的药物组合物,其中所述癌症是乳癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、血液癌症、前列腺癌、脑癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌或子宫内膜癌。
13.权利要求10的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物被配制为片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、粉剂、注射剂或液体剂。
14.式1化合物或其可药用盐在制备用于治疗选自以下之疾病的药物中的用途:糖尿病、肥胖症、高血脂、高胆固醇血症、脂肪肝、冠状动脉病、骨质疏松、多囊卵巢综合征、代谢综合征、癌症、肌肉痛、肌细胞损伤和横纹肌溶解症。
15.权利要求14的式1化合物或其可药用盐的用途,其中所述糖尿病是非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。
16.权利要求14的式1化合物或其可药用盐的用途,其中所述癌症是乳癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、血液癌症、前列腺癌、脑癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌或子宫内膜癌。
17.治疗选自下列的疾病的方法:糖尿病、肥胖症、高血脂、高胆固醇血症、脂肪肝、冠状动脉病、骨质疏松、多囊卵巢综合征、代谢综合征、癌症、肌肉痛、肌细胞损伤和横纹肌溶解症,所述方法包括:
向对象施用治疗有效量的式1化合物或其可药用盐。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述糖尿病是非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。
19.权利要求17的方法,其中所述癌症是乳癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、血液癌症、前列腺癌、脑癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌或子宫内膜癌。
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