CN102691080A - 铝制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents

铝制品及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102691080A
CN102691080A CN2011100720386A CN201110072038A CN102691080A CN 102691080 A CN102691080 A CN 102691080A CN 2011100720386 A CN2011100720386 A CN 2011100720386A CN 201110072038 A CN201110072038 A CN 201110072038A CN 102691080 A CN102691080 A CN 102691080A
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aluminum
preparation
oxide film
aluminum products
porous surface
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CN102691080B (zh
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张新倍
陈文荣
蒋焕梧
陈正士
张超勇
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Guangdong Guangyun New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to TW100111741A priority patent/TW201239141A/zh
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    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/042Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02Anodisation
    • C25D11/04Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02Anodisation
    • C25D11/04Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/16Pretreatment, e.g. desmutting
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    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02Anodisation
    • C25D11/04Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/18After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
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    • C25D11/00Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02Anodisation
    • C25D11/04Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/18After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
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Abstract

本发明提供一种铝制品,包括铝基体、依次形成于该铝基体上的阳极氧化膜及颜色层,该铝基体包括经电化学蚀刻形成的多孔表面,该多孔表面分布有多个纳米孔,该纳米孔的孔径为8-20nm;该阳极氧化膜及颜色层依次形成于该多孔表面上,该颜色层通过真空镀膜的方式形成。本发明还提供一种上述铝制品的制备方法。

Description

铝制品及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铝制品及其制备方法。
背景技术
真空镀膜技术(PVD)是一个非常环保的成膜技术。以真空镀膜的方式所形成的膜层具有高硬度、高耐磨性、良好的化学稳定性、与基体结合牢固以及亮丽的金属外观等优点,因此真空镀膜在铝、铝合金及不锈钢等金属基材表面装饰性处理领域的应用越来越广。
然而,由于铝或铝合金的标准电极电位很低,且PVD装饰性涂层本身不可避免的会存在微小的孔隙,因此,直接于铝或铝合金基体表面镀覆诸如TiN层、TiNO层、TiCN层、CrN层、CrNO层、CrCN层或其他具有耐腐蚀性的PVD装饰性涂层,也不能有效防止所述铝或铝合金基体发生电化学腐蚀,同时该PVD装饰性涂层本身也会发生异色、脱落等现象。
发明内容
有鉴于此,有必要提供一种具有良好的耐腐蚀性及装饰性外观的铝制品。
另外,有必要提供一种上述铝制品的制备方法。
一种铝制品,包括铝基体、依次形成于该铝基体上的阳极氧化膜及颜色层,该铝基体包括经电化学蚀刻形成的多孔表面,该多孔表面分布有多个纳米孔,该纳米孔的孔径为8-20nm;该阳极氧化膜及颜色层依次形成于该多孔表面上,该颜色层通过真空镀膜的方式形成。
一种铝制品的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
提供铝基体;
通过电化学蚀刻处理,使该铝基体形成多孔表面,该多孔表面分布有多个纳米孔,该纳米孔的孔径为8-20nm;
通过阳极氧化处理,以于该多孔表面形成阳极氧化膜;
通过真空镀膜的方法,于该阳极氧化膜上形成颜色层。
所述铝制品先通过电化学蚀刻于铝基材上形成具有多个纳米孔的多孔表面,再于该多孔表面上依次形成阳极氧化膜及颜色层。所述多个纳米孔的形成可提高后续形成于铝基体的阳极氧化膜及颜色层的附着力。当所述铝制品处于腐蚀性介质中时,由于所述阳极氧化膜隔绝了铝基体与颜色层,使铝制品难以形成发生电化学腐蚀所需要的阴极与阳极,从而提高了铝制品的耐腐蚀性。所述铝制品耐腐蚀性及颜色层的附着力提高的同时,还可避免所述颜色层发生异色、脱落等失效现象,从而使该铝制品经长时间使用后仍具有较好的装饰性外观。
附图说明
图1为本发明较佳实施例在铝基体上形成纳米多孔后的剖视示意图;
图2为本发明较佳实施例的铝制品的剖视示意图。
主要元件符号说明
铝制品        100
铝基体        10
多孔表面      12
纳米孔        122
阳极氧化膜    20
颜色层        30
具体实施方式
请参阅图1及图2(图2标记有误,请修改),本发明较佳实施例的铝制品100包括铝基体10及依次形成于铝基体10上的阳极氧化膜20及颜色层30。该铝制品100可以为3C电子产品的壳体,也可为眼镜边框、建筑用件及汽车等交通工具的零部件等。
所述铝基体10的材料为铝或铝合金。该铝基体10经电化学蚀刻形成有一多孔表面12,该多孔表面12上均匀分布有多个纳米孔122。所述纳米孔122的孔径为8-20nm,较佳为10-15nm。所述纳米孔122的深度远小于所述颜色层30的厚度。
所述阳极氧化膜20形成于铝基体10的多孔表面12上。该阳极氧化膜20通过阳极氧化处理得到。该阳极氧化膜的厚度为5-20μm,较佳为10-15μm。
所述颜色层30通过真空镀膜的方式形成于阳极氧化膜20的表面上。所述颜色层30的厚度为0.5~2μm。所述颜色层30可为TiN层、TiNO层、TiCN层、CrN层、CrNO层、CrCN层或其他具有耐腐蚀性的装饰性膜层。
上述铝制品100的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
首先,提供铝基体10,该铝基体10的材料为铝或铝合金。该铝基体10可以通过冲压成型得到。
对铝基体10进行除油处理,将铝基体10依次置于去离子水及纯度大于99.9%的丙酮中进行超声波清洗3-5min。清洗后将该铝基体10干燥备用。
对经上述处理后的铝基体10进行碱蚀处理,以去除铝基体10表面的氧化膜,同时使该铝基体10表面变得平整。该碱蚀处理的条件为:以含有30-50g/L的氢氧化钠和1-2g/L的葡萄糖酸钠的水溶液为碱蚀液,所述碱蚀液温度为40-60℃,碱蚀时间为1-5min。
对经碱蚀蚀刻的铝基体10进行电化学蚀刻。该电化学蚀刻的条件为:以含有250-350g/L的硫酸、20-30g/L的盐酸及5-10的g/L的氢氟酸的水溶液为蚀刻液,所述电化学蚀刻液的温度为常温,电化学蚀刻时间为5-10min,电流密度为6-10A/dm2。经上述电化学蚀刻后形成具有所述多个纳米孔122的多孔表面12。
对经电化学蚀刻后的铝基体10进行阳极氧化处理,以于该多孔表面12上形成阳极氧化膜20。该阳极氧化处理的条件为:以含有180-220g/L的硫酸水溶液为电解液,所述电解液温度为19-21℃,电解时间为20-40min,电流密度为1-1.5A/m2
对该阳极氧化膜20进行封孔处理,以提高阳极氧化膜20的耐腐蚀性。该封孔处理的条件为:以5-10g/L醋酸镍为封孔液,该封孔液的温度为90-100℃,封孔时间为10-15min。
对经上述处理后的铝基体10进行真空镀膜处理,以在该阳极氧化膜20上形成颜色层30。该真空镀膜方法可采用溅镀、蒸镀或离子镀。该步骤具体工艺可采用相应方法的常规镀膜工艺,镀膜过程中通过控制镀膜时间来控制颜色层30的厚度在所述范围内,以保证使该颜色层30呈现出预定的色彩。
制备所述铝制品100的方法还包括在除油、碱蚀及电化学蚀刻后分别对铝基体10进行水洗的步骤。
本发明较佳实施方式的铝制品100的制造方法,通过电化学蚀刻的方法于铝基材10上形成具有多个纳米孔122的多孔表面12,再于该多孔表面12上依次形成阳极氧化膜20及颜色层30。所述多个纳米孔122的形成可提高后续形成于铝基体10的阳极氧化膜20及颜色层30的附着力。当所述铝制品100处于腐蚀性介质中时,由于所述阳极氧化膜20隔绝了铝基体10与颜色层30,使铝制品100难以形成发生电化学腐蚀所需要的阴极与阳极,从而提高了铝制品100的耐腐蚀性。所述铝制品100耐腐蚀性及颜色层30的附着力提高的同时,还可避免所述颜色层30发生异色、脱落等失效现象,从而使该铝制品100经长时间使用后仍具有较好的装饰性外观。

Claims (9)

1.一种铝制品,包括铝基体及形成于该铝基体上的颜色层,该颜色层通过真空镀膜的方式形成,其特征在于:该铝基体包括经电化学蚀刻形成的多孔表面,该多孔表面分布有多个纳米孔,该纳米孔的孔径为8-20nm;该铝制品还包括形成于基体与颜色层之间的阳极氧化膜,该阳极氧化膜及颜色层依次形成于该多孔表面上。
2.如权利要求1所述的铝制品,其特征在于:所述阳极氧化膜的厚度为5-20μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的铝制品,其特征在于:所述颜色层的厚度为0.5~2μm。
4.一种铝制品的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
提供铝基体;
通过电化学蚀刻处理,使该铝基体形成多孔表面,该多孔表面分布有多个纳米孔,该纳米孔的孔径为8-20nm;
通过阳极氧化处理,以于该多孔表面形成阳极氧化膜;
通过真空镀膜的方法,于该阳极氧化膜上形成颜色层。
5.如权利要求4所述的铝制品的制备方法,其特征在于:所述电化学蚀刻是以含有250-350g/L的硫酸、20-30g/L的盐酸及5-10的g/L的氢氟酸的水溶液为蚀刻液,蚀刻液温度为常温,蚀刻时间为5-10min,电流密度为6-10A/dm2
6.如权利要求4所述的铝制品的制备方法,其特征在于:所述阳极氧化处理以含有180-220g/L的硫酸水溶液为电解液,所述电解液温度为19-21℃,电解时间为20-40min,电流密度为1-1.5A/m2
7.如权利要求4或6所述的铝制品的制备方法,其特征在于:该铝制品的制备方法还包括对该阳极氧化膜进行封孔处理的步骤,该封孔处理以5-10g/L醋酸镍为封孔液,该封孔液的温度为90-100℃,封孔时间为10-15min。
8.如权利要求4所述的铝制品的制备方法,其特征在于:该铝制品的制备方法还包括在所述化学蚀刻处理前,对铝基体进行预处理的步骤,该预处理包括对铝基体除油及碱蚀处理。
9.如权利要求8所述的铝制品的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碱蚀是以含有30-50g/L的氢氧化钠和1-2g/L的葡萄糖酸钠的水溶液为碱蚀液,所述碱蚀液温度为40-60℃,碱蚀时间为1-5min。
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CN102896431A (zh) * 2012-10-17 2013-01-30 山东电力集团公司电力科学研究院 一种避免夹渣的提高铝合金激光吸光率的激光焊接方法
CN106702198A (zh) * 2016-12-22 2017-05-24 东南大学 一种铝介孔材料及其制备方法
CN108893739A (zh) * 2018-06-27 2018-11-27 歌尔股份有限公司 铝合金材料及其制备方法
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CN111051557A (zh) * 2017-08-29 2020-04-21 脸谱公司 具有可见晶粒的铝合金和通过双重阳极氧化着色的铝合金
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CN106702198B (zh) * 2016-12-22 2018-05-15 东南大学 一种铝介孔材料及其制备方法
CN111051557A (zh) * 2017-08-29 2020-04-21 脸谱公司 具有可见晶粒的铝合金和通过双重阳极氧化着色的铝合金
CN108893739A (zh) * 2018-06-27 2018-11-27 歌尔股份有限公司 铝合金材料及其制备方法
CN111334749A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-26 富智康精密电子(廊坊)有限公司 铝合金件的表面处理方法及铝制品
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CN112342603A (zh) * 2019-08-09 2021-02-09 深圳市裕展精密科技有限公司 金属制品和金属复合体,及其制备方法
CN112342603B (zh) * 2019-08-09 2022-08-02 富联裕展科技(深圳)有限公司 金属制品和金属复合体,及其制备方法
CN112442649A (zh) * 2019-09-05 2021-03-05 苹果公司 具有天然钛色的氮化钛表面
CN112389033A (zh) * 2020-10-10 2021-02-23 厦门大学 一种用于电池封装的彩色铝塑膜及其制备方法
CN115341169A (zh) * 2021-05-14 2022-11-15 北京小米移动软件有限公司 表面处理方法

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