CN102649935A - Novel efficient compound microbial agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel efficient compound microbial agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102649935A CN102649935A CN201110044173XA CN201110044173A CN102649935A CN 102649935 A CN102649935 A CN 102649935A CN 201110044173X A CN201110044173X A CN 201110044173XA CN 201110044173 A CN201110044173 A CN 201110044173A CN 102649935 A CN102649935 A CN 102649935A
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Abstract
The invention provides novel efficient compound microbial agent and a preparation method thereof. The compound microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus stearothermophilus, streptomyces albus and trichoderma viride, can effectively solve the problems of slow straw decomposition temperature increment and not obvious effect in straw returning to soil, shortens the decomposition cycle, and realizes the effective utilization of straw waste resource. The compound microbial agent has the advantages of simplicity in preparation, low cost, high pertinence, quickness in decomposition, zero environment pollution, no adverse effect on next-stubble crops, flexible, simple and convenient using method, remarkable change of organic matters, favorable yield increase effect and the like, and is dedicated to straw decomposing and returning to soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new microbe agent that stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed and preparation method thereof that is used for, relate in particular to a kind of complex micro organism fungicide that utilizes the stalk preparation method that field also utilizes that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Background technology
In recent years, along with applying of each item new cultivation technology, crop yield increases substantially, and stalk quantity also increases thereupon.Stalk except part is used for feed, makes compost, the deep processing, most abandoneds are in the field or directly burned, the stalk resource waste is very serious.The using microbe technology is carried out the stalk also field of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and is a kind of agricultural waste material resource circulation utilization mode of novel high-efficiency environment friendly, and at present, large-scale popularization is used in China.Microbiobacterial agent is used for playing an important role for straw resource utilization after the straw-returning, has corrected the wasting phenomenon of crop straw burning to a great extent; Topsoil and ecological damage have been reduced; Simultaneously, the soil fertility of having fostered and apply fertilizer has effectively promoted soil organic matter content.
Stalk mainly partly is made up of Mierocrystalline cellulose, semicellulose, xylogen etc.; Be difficult to by microbiological degradation under the natural situation; Being used for the microbiobacterial agent product that stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed in the market also exists mushroom single to a great extent; It is low to produce enzyme efficient, a little less than the resolving power to the Mierocrystalline cellulose weave construction, can not effectively become thoroughly decomposed to the composition constructional feature of crops stalks; Because crops for rotation are arranged nervous, the plantation quiescent interval is short, and the microbiobacterial agent of using single mushroom carries out stalk when becoming thoroughly decomposed; The first crop stalk does not become thoroughly decomposed as yet fully, and sowing when second stubble crop will be robbed, the growth of second stubble crop also are subject to the influence (comprising the root system murder by poisoning) of this environment that do not become thoroughly decomposed; In addition, because institute's mikrobe flexibility in the microbiobacterial agent of using is not strong, and the weather used of various places, edatope difference; Cause microorganism active not enough, the mikrobe efficacy exertion is not good.
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are to provide a kind of microbiobacterial agent that stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed and preparation method thereof that is used for, to overcome the defective that prior art exists.
The preparation method of microbiobacterial agent of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) dilatation of microbial strains, cultivation;
With the dilatation respectively of subtilis, stearothermophilus ground bacillus, streptomyces albus and trichoderma viride, cultivation;
Bacillus subtilis bacterial classification, stearothermophilus ground bacillus kind adopt the common bacteria substratum, slant culture, and in the 1000ml water, each components contents is following:
The yeast extract paste consumption is 1-5g, and the peptone consumption is 3-5g, and the white sugar consumption is 5-12g, and the NaCl consumption is 0.5-1g, and agar consumption is 15-18g, and the pH value is 7.2-7.5;
Said substratum is not limited to above-mentioned prescription, and the available substratum all has detailed description in " the outstanding Bacteria Identification handbook of uncle the 8th edition " (Science Press, 1984), " microbiology experiment " (Science Press, 2002.8).
The streptomyces albus kind adopts No. 1 substratum of Gao Shi, and in the 1000ml water, each components contents is following:
KNO
3Consumption is 1.5-3g, MgSO
4Consumption is 0.5-2g, and the NaCl consumption is 0.5-2g, K
2HPO
4Consumption is 0.5-2g, FeSO
4Consumption is 0.01-0.05g, and the Zulkovsky starch consumption is 15-25g, and agar consumption is 15-18g, and the pH value is 7.2-7.4;
The viride bacterial classification adopts the PDA culture medium culturing, and in the 1000ml water, each components contents is following:
Yam filtrating consumption is 200g, and the sucrose consumption is 20g, and agar consumption is 20g;
In addition, the content of the liquid SCS nutrient media components of viride bacterial classification is following:
The sucrose consumption is 30g, and the Semen Maydis powder consumption is 15-20g, and the analysis for soybean powder consumption is 15g, and water consumption is 1000ml;
Cultivated 10-20 hour for subtilis 22-38 ℃; Cultivated 45-55 hour for streptomyces albus 22-38 ℃; The stearothermophilus ground bacillus was cultivated 30-50 hour for 55-68 ℃, cultivated 48-60 hour for trichoderma viride 25-30 ℃; Except that trichoderma viride with the liquid SCS culture medium culturing; Subtilis, streptomyces albus, the stearothermophilus ground bacillus that will pass through slant culture change liquid nutrient medium over to and cultivate; Prescription is removed outside the agar, and other compositions, culture temperature and time and slant culture are just the same; All bacterial classifications are all cultivated with 150-180 rev/min rotating speed with shaking table during the liquid dilatation;
Related subtilis, stearothermophilus ground bacillus, streptomyces albus, trichoderma viride are Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica and provide.
(2) carrier of microbial strains absorption;
With the nutrient solution after the dilatation, be carrier with zeyssatite (40-80 order) respectively, by 1: the culture of the weight ratio of 2.5-4 and step (1) mixes, and forced air drying in 32-45 ℃ environment, and be 40-50 hour time of drying;
(3) mixing of microbial strains;
Microbial strains after the absorption is mixed, with following volume parts mixed:
Subtilis 1-3 part;
Streptomyces albus 1-1.5 part;
Stearothermophilus ground bacillus 1-2 part;
Trichoderma viride 0.5-1 part;
Can obtain microbiobacterial agent of the present invention;
Microbiobacterial agent of the present invention can be widely used in becoming thoroughly decomposed of paddy rice, wheat, corn and cole crop stalk, and method of use and consumption are following:
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, become thoroughly decomposed powerfully, decomposed period is short.Utilized the stearothermophilus ground bacillus, the efficient of becoming thoroughly decomposed height impels digest process to be rapidly heated in earlier stage, is beneficial to become thoroughly decomposed fully;
2, antagonism not mutually between this complex micro organism fungicide bacterial classification, and can the symbiosis synergy;
3, this complex micro organism fungicide is made up of four kinds of bacterium, forms simply than other stalk decomposing microbial inoculums, and cost is low, and the production operation process is simple;
4, safe in utilization; Pollution-free; The second stubble crop seedling is not had injury,, in soil, can not produce Secondary Fermentation because the treating processes material has obtained becoming thoroughly decomposed completely; Can not produce burning root burning seedling phenomenon, use as safe as a house because of striving oxygen in the generation Secondary Fermentation between quick mikrobe that breeds and the crop root.And it is residual effectively to reduce in the soil harmful germ;
5, effective; Not only stalk there is the powerful effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed; And can be good at impelling the organic a large amount of also fields in the stalk, also breed a large amount of functional microorganisms during the fermentation and produce multiple special efficacy meta-bolites (like plant hormone, microbiotic etc.), thereby stimulate crop growth; Improve crop disease-resistant, drought resisting, cold tolerance, research shows the residual nutrient of functional microorganism activating soil, the structure of improving the soil, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio;
6, do carrier with zeyssatite and carry out microbial inoculum absorption, not only nontoxic, can reduce production costs, and can regulate water cut through proportioning, and be beneficial to microbial inoculum and preserve, guarantee the living bacteria count amount of the microbial inoculum of producing.
The practical implementation instance:
(1) dilatation of microbial strains, cultivation;
With the dilatation respectively of subtilis, stearothermophilus ground bacillus, streptomyces albus and trichoderma viride, cultivation;
(2) carrier of microbial strains absorption;
With the nutrient solution after the dilatation, be carrier with zeyssatite (40-80 order) respectively, by 1: the culture of the weight ratio of 2.5-4 and step (1) mixes, and forced air drying in 32-45 ℃ environment, and be 40-50 hour time of drying;
(3) mixing of microbial strains;
Microbial strains after the absorption is mixed, with following volume parts mixed:
Subtilis 1-3 part;
Streptomyces albus 1-1.5 part;
Stearothermophilus ground bacillus 1-2 part;
Trichoderma viride 0.5-1 part;
The microbiobacterial agent of making according to the method described above, the following instance of contrast makes an experiment:
Instance 1, the rotten comparison test of stack of rice straw:
Test design:
Contrast 1:50kg straw, it is rotten with the agent stalk heap that becomes thoroughly decomposed not add urea;
Contrast 2:50kg straw+2.4kg urea, it is rotten not add the agent stalk heap that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
Handle: 50kg straw+2.4kg urea and this microbial inoculum
The condition in test Zhong Ge district is basic identical, and stalk consumption, moisture, working method are consistent with other measure, and the employing random alignment is provided with three repetitions, is main with observation survey.
TP: used straw soaks drenched in will testing earlier with the 200kg clear water; The specification that is about 1m * 1.5m * 1.5m according to length * wide * height again forms square haystack with stalk; In the composting process, evenly be sprinkling upon on the straw according to every 500kg straw with the ratio of 2kg microbial inoculum this microbial inoculum; Employing contrasts composting with quadrat method, at last the test haystack of composting is covered the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed of the thick plastics film of 8mm.After 12 days, carry out a turning in the whole process, contrast simultaneously and each moisturizing 60kg of processing.
The result observes
1 colour-change
The prolongation in time of test stalk color is respectively by yellow → tawny → brown → beige → Vandyke brown → brown-black.Contrast with processing stalk colour-change speed order is successively: this microbial inoculum → contrast CK2 → contrast CK1
2 smells (ordorless peculiar smell is arranged) change
Handle with the contrast digest process in all do not have tangible foul odour, handling with contrast 2 has the ammonium nitrogen smell because of using in the urea stalk digest process, contrasting 1 does not then have this smell and takes place, contrast and the processing article that become thoroughly decomposed all have slight acid smell to distinguish the flavor of.
3 pliabilitys (feel test) change
Stack retting begins to handle with the contrast stalk is hard directly, elasticity is strong and difficulty fractures, and along with the lengthening of the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed, stalk is deliquescing gradually; Elasticity weakens, and stalk becomes the prolate type by the circle elongated, soft, the poor flexibility of stalk after stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed; Frangible, stalk become irregular broken nodal pattern.Experimental observation is handled the stalk colour-change faster than contrast, and the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is handled and is better than contrast, and the effect process of becoming thoroughly decomposed is variant with contrast 2, contrasts 1 obvious difference.
Stalk stack retting experimental test (three repetitions)
Conclusion (of pressure testing): use this microbial inoculum the temperature of stack retting is obviously raise, quicken rice straw variable color and softening rate, reduce the tensile strength of stalk, shorten the time that stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Instance 2, corn straw are pulverized the buried also field test in back:
Supply the examination material: the stalk agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed is microbial inoculum of the present invention, corn variety: by Gansu Agriculture University,, and the Yuyu No.22 that Gansu rich peasant's high-tech kind industry ltd produces.
Test design:
Handle 1: per mu yield corn straw+urea 5kg
Handle 2: per mu yield corn straw+mu is executed microbial inoculum 2kg+ urea 5kg of the present invention
TP:
Handle 1: except that not adding the decomposing microbial inoculum, other modes are same as handles 2.
Handle 2: corn straw is pulverized also field; By every mu of this microbial inoculum of 2kg consumption,, then stalk is ploughed deeply being sprinkling upon equably on the corn straw behind this microbial inoculum and urea and an amount of moist fine sand soil mixing; More than the tilth 25cm, corn straw is all ploughed deeply underground layer.
Data analysis:
The corn straw of the table 1 different treatment situation of becoming thoroughly decomposed
Can find out that from last table after these decomposing microbial inoculums were added in processing 2, the corn straw decomposition cycle handled 1 and obviously shortens.
Go back field soil after stalk uses microbial inoculum of the present invention to become thoroughly decomposed and more do not use the soil weight of the agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed to reduce, porosity improves.Explain that using microbial inoculum of the present invention to carry out become thoroughly decomposed field also of stalk has improved the physical behavior of soil.The soil weight descends, and porosity increases, and makes loosing soil and permeability good, helps retaining, protects fertilizer, promotes high crop yield.
The unit weight of soil and porosity change behind table 2 maize straw
| Handle | Get count (individual) | Unit weight (g/cm 3) | Porosity (%) |
| Handle 1 (nothing become thoroughly decomposed agent) | 200 | 1.61 | 0.39 |
| Handle 2 (adding this microbial inoculum) | 200 | 1.43 | 0.45 |
Conclusion is analyzed: show that through test use this microbial inoculum and can quicken rotting of corn straw, the time of rotting fully can improve more than 5 days.Simultaneously, use this microbial inoculum and can reduce the soil weight, increase porosity, strengthen the permeability of soil, improve fertile, the water retention capacity of guarantor of soil.
Instance 3, stalk directly become thoroughly decomposed also field test relatively:
Test materials: Gaozhou City, Jiexi County's rice straw, this microbial inoculum
Test design: three test points are set, and three processing are established in each test point, and each treatment zone area is not less than 0.5 mu, handle random alignment, and the warranty test condition is basic identical.
Handle 1: contrast (no rice straw is the conventional fertilizer application in field also)
Handle 2: do not add the agent rice straw also field (400 kilograms/mu of conventional fertilizer application+rice straws are done meter, down together) that becomes thoroughly decomposed
Handle 3: add the agent rice straw also field (400 kilograms/mu+microbial inoculum of the present invention of conventional fertilizer application+rice straw) that becomes thoroughly decomposed
Each handles field agronomic measures (implantation time, crop varieties, every mu of amount of application, irrigation quantity, pesticide dosage) unanimity.
The method of becoming thoroughly decomposed: with rice straw tile the field or pulverize after be scattered in the field, evenly be sprinkled into for 2 kilograms by the every mu of agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed, become thoroughly decomposed in rice straw and the agent soaked in water of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Interpretation of result:
Observe for unified, the rotten degree of rice straw be decided to be approximately:
Rice straw putresces: it is water stain that rice straw is brown, and rice straw occurs loose;
Rice straw is rotten basically: rice straw is Vandyke brown, and it is thread that diffusing bar appears in rice straw;
Rice straw is rotten fully: rice straw is chocolate or black, and rice straw occurs thread, frowziness.
| Time | Rice straw putresces | Rice straw is rotten basically | Rotten fully |
| Gaozhou City | ? | ? | ? |
| Handle 2 (nothing become thoroughly decomposed agent) | 6-12 days | 12-28 days | 28-35 days |
| Handle 3 (agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed is arranged) | 4-8 days | 8-21 days | 21-30 |
| Jiexi County | ? | ? | ? |
| Handle 2 (nothing become thoroughly decomposed agent) | 8-16 days | 16-26 days | 26-38 days |
| Handle 3 (agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed is arranged) | 3-9 days | 9-22 days | 22-29 days |
(annotate: the above time, all also the initial day in field was 0 day in rice straw)
Through relatively finding, use this microbial inoculum and carry out rice straw all the shifting to an earlier date to some extent of agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed of becoming thoroughly decomposed than using, wherein rice straw putresces about in advance 4 days of time, rots about in advance 4 days of time basically, rots about in advance 5 days of time fully.
The change of soil nutrient situation of different treatment
Compare with processing, the processing soil physical and chemical property of using this microbial inoculum changes like following table:
Use this microbial inoculum and carry out rice straw and also can effectively increase the soil organism, full nitrogen, soil available potassium equal size in the field, can be good at promoting that rice straw becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Above-mentioned instance is that foregoing of the present invention is described further, but should this be interpreted as that the scope of application of the present invention only limits to above-mentioned instance.All technology that realizes based on foregoing all belong to category of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is used for new microbe agent that stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) dilatation of microbial strains, cultivation;
With the dilatation respectively of subtilis, stearothermophilus ground bacillus, streptomyces albus and trichoderma viride, cultivation;
(2) carrier of microbial strains absorption;
With the nutrient solution after the dilatation, be carrier with zeyssatite (40-80 order) respectively, by 1: the culture of the weight ratio of 2.5-4 and step (1) mixes, and forced air drying in 32-45 ℃ environment, and be 40-50 hour time of drying;
(3) mixing of microbial strains;
Microbial strains after the absorption is mixed, with following volume parts mixed:
Subtilis 1-3 part;
Streptomyces albus 1-1.5 part;
Stearothermophilus ground bacillus 1-2 part;
Trichoderma viride 0.5-1 part.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this complex micro organism fungicide comprises totally four kinds of subtilis, stearothermophilus ground bacillus, streptomyces albus and trichoderma virides.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this complex micro organism fungicide blended volume parts ratio is:
Subtilis 1-3 part;
Streptomyces albus 1-1.5 part;
Stearothermophilus ground bacillus 1-2 part;
Trichoderma viride 0.5-1 part.
4. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The carrier adsorption process of this complex micro organism fungicide is: with the nutrient solution after the dilatation, be carrier with zeyssatite respectively, by 1: the culture of the weight ratio of 2.5-4 and step (1) mixes; And forced air drying in 32-45 ℃ environment, be 40-50 hour time of drying.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, bacillus subtilis bacterial classification, stearothermophilus ground bacillus kind adopt the common bacteria substratum, slant culture, and in the 1000ml water, each components contents is following:
The yeast extract paste consumption is 1-5g, and the peptone consumption is 3-5g, and the white sugar consumption is 5-12g, and the NaCl consumption is 0.5-1g, and agar consumption is 15-18g, and the pH value is 7.2-7.5;
Said substratum is not limited to above-mentioned prescription, and the available substratum all has detailed description in " the outstanding Bacteria Identification handbook of uncle the 8th edition " (Science Press, 1984), " microbiology experiment " (Science Press, 2002.8).
The streptomyces albus kind adopts No. 1 substratum of Gao Shi, and in the 1000ml water, each components contents is following:
KNO
3Consumption is 1.5-3g, MgSO
4Consumption is 0.5-2g, and the NaCl consumption is 0.5-2g, K
2HPO
4Consumption is 0.5-2g,
FeSO
4Consumption is 0.01-0.05g, and the Zulkovsky starch consumption is 15-25g, and agar consumption is 15-18g, and the pH value is 7.2-7.4;
The viride bacterial classification adopts the PDA culture medium culturing, and in the 1000ml water, each components contents is following:
Yam filtrating consumption is 200g, and the sucrose consumption is 20g, and agar consumption is 20g;
In addition, the liquid SCS nutrient media components of trichoderma viride is following:
The sucrose consumption is 30g, and the Semen Maydis powder consumption is 15g, and the analysis for soybean powder consumption is 15g, and water consumption is 1000ml;
Incubation time and temperature:
Cultivated 10-20 hour for subtilis 22-38 ℃; Cultivated 45-55 hour for streptomyces albus 22-38 ℃; The stearothermophilus ground bacillus was cultivated 30-50 hour for 55-68 ℃, cultivated 48-60 hour for trichoderma viride 25-30 ℃;
The liquid dilatation: except that trichoderma viride with the liquid SCS culture medium culturing; Subtilis, streptomyces albus, the stearothermophilus ground bacillus that will pass through slant culture change liquid nutrient medium over to and cultivate; Prescription is removed outside the agar, and other compositions, culture temperature and time and slant culture are just the same;
Training method: all bacterial classifications are all cultivated with 150-180 rev/min rotating speed with shaking table during the liquid dilatation.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, related subtilis, stearothermophilus ground bacillus, streptomyces albus and trichoderma viride are Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica to be provided.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, related complex micro organism fungicide is a pulvis, and the main physical and chemical index of its each item is:
8. the application of microbiobacterial agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be used for becoming thoroughly decomposed of paddy rice, wheat, corn and cole crop stalk.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103351188A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-10-16 | 苏州荣基生态生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of agricultural organic fertilizer by treating pure straws as raw material |
| CN104803720A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-29 | 上海联业农业科技有限公司 | Production method and use method of water lipid two-phase liquid straw composting agent |
| CN104909853A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-16 | 天津海泰市政绿化有限公司 | Microbial catalyst and sterile fermentation organic fertilizer prepared by applying same |
| CN105036823A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Thermophilic sporotrichum decomposition accelerator and application of thermophilic sporotrichum in saline-alkali soil straw decaying soil improvement |
| CN105039219A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Streptomyces albus decomposition accelerator and application thereof in saline-alkali soil straw decay soil condition improvement |
| CN107022512A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-08 | 寿光市固本培园农业科技有限公司 | Greenhouse crops straw-returning bacteria agent and biofermentation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103351188A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-10-16 | 苏州荣基生态生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of agricultural organic fertilizer by treating pure straws as raw material |
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| CN104803720A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-29 | 上海联业农业科技有限公司 | Production method and use method of water lipid two-phase liquid straw composting agent |
| CN104909853A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-16 | 天津海泰市政绿化有限公司 | Microbial catalyst and sterile fermentation organic fertilizer prepared by applying same |
| CN105036823A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Thermophilic sporotrichum decomposition accelerator and application of thermophilic sporotrichum in saline-alkali soil straw decaying soil improvement |
| CN105039219A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Streptomyces albus decomposition accelerator and application thereof in saline-alkali soil straw decay soil condition improvement |
| CN107022512A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-08 | 寿光市固本培园农业科技有限公司 | Greenhouse crops straw-returning bacteria agent and biofermentation method |
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Application publication date: 20120829 |