CN102597889A - 用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法 - Google Patents

用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102597889A
CN102597889A CN2010800512086A CN201080051208A CN102597889A CN 102597889 A CN102597889 A CN 102597889A CN 2010800512086 A CN2010800512086 A CN 2010800512086A CN 201080051208 A CN201080051208 A CN 201080051208A CN 102597889 A CN102597889 A CN 102597889A
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China
Prior art keywords
base material
rubber
fluororesin
heat
shrinkable
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CN2010800512086A
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CN102597889B (zh
Inventor
上村广美
羽深正弘
原田真吾
福本泰博
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Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer Inc
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Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2053—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating
    • G03G15/2057—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating relating to the chemical composition of the heat element and layers thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/02—Thermal shrinking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/38—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses
    • B29C63/42—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses using tubular layers or sheathings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/5227—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles
    • B29C66/52271—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles one tubular article being placed inside the other
    • B29C66/52272—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles one tubular article being placed inside the other concentrically, e.g. for forming multilayer tubular articles
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115—Melting point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73711—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73715—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable heat-shrinkable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/91641—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91643—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile
    • B29C66/91645—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile by steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/91933—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined higher than said fusion temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/91935—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined lower than said fusion temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/0047—Preventing air-inclusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034—Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342—Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034—Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0344—Annealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7315—Mechanical properties
    • B29C66/73151—Hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316—Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161—Roughness or rugosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/735—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7352—Thickness, e.g. very thin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73711—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
    • B29C66/73712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented mono-axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73711—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
    • B29C66/73713—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented bi-axially or multi-axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81264—Mechanical properties, e.g. hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81265—Surface properties, e.g. surface roughness or rugosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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Abstract

本发明提供了制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，其中通过实施显著短时间的热处理就可以在基材上直接或者经过橡胶层形成热融合粘结的氟树脂被覆层，并且其中氟树脂被覆层几乎没有产生缺陷，并且下面的橡胶层的热劣化得到抑制。所述制备方法包括：将基材或橡胶被覆基材插入热收缩性氟树脂管的中空中的步骤，其中所述橡胶被覆基材是通过在所述基材的外周面上至少形成橡胶层而制备的；可任选的预收缩步骤；加压/融合粘结步骤，其中在加压下，使基材或橡胶被覆基材与被加热至250℃-400℃的温度范围内的热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材，从而将所述热收缩性氟树脂管热融合粘结到所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面上；以及可任选的再加热步骤和快速冷却步骤。

Description

用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法。具体而言，本发明涉及用于制备具有层状结构的经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，所述层状结构是通过直接在柱状、圆筒状、管状或环形带状的基材的外周面上形成氟树脂层或在位于基材上的橡胶层上形成氟树脂层而获得的。
背景技术
通常，诸如电子照相（包括静电记录）复印机、传真机和激光束打印机等成像装置通过进行一系列步骤形成图像，所述步骤包括：对感光体的表面进行均匀且均一地充电的充电步骤；使图像曝光以在所述感光体上形成静电潜像的步骤；使调色剂（显影剂）附着在静电潜像上以形成调色剂图像的显影步骤；将位于所述感光体上的调色剂图像转印到诸如纸或高架投影机（OHP）片材等记录介质上的转印步骤；以及将未定影的调色剂图像定影至所述记录介质的定影步骤。
通常，在定影步骤中，将在记录介质上未定影的调色剂图像加热并加压，以将调色剂图像定影到记录介质上。在定影步骤中，通常使用配备有对辊的定影单元（也称作“定影设备”），所述对辊包括具有内置式加热装置（如电加热器）的定影辊以及与定影辊相对设置的加压辊。使其上已经形成未定影的调色剂图像的记录介质穿过由这两个辊彼此接触而形成的夹持部分，从而在加压下加热记录介质并且使未定影的调色剂图像定影到记录介质上。在定影单元中，构成对辊的定影辊和加压辊分别被可旋转地支持和协同转动。
近年来，已经开发出这样一种定影技术，其中在加压下，通过基本上直接使用安装在薄壁管状或环形带状的定影带（其与加压辊或带相对设置）中的加热器来加热位于记录介质之上的未定影的调色剂图像。这项定影技术可以显著地缩短电源开启后的待机时间并且有助于成像装置的重量减轻和尺寸缩小。
在除了定影步骤之外的步骤中，成像装置使用各种类型的辊和带部件，例如充电辊、充电带、转印辊和转印带。在成像装置中使用的各种类型的辊和带部件需要具有适于各自应用的功能（例如，充电辊需要具有可充电性）。
在这些功能当中，常见的功能或特性之一是要求调色剂具有高防粘性，以防止调色剂附着至表面和避免产生调色剂膜。特别是，定影辊或带与位于记录介质之上的未定影的调色剂图像在加热和加压下密切接触，因此，特别要求定影辊或带在其表面处具有高的调色剂防粘性。如果残余的调色剂留在定影辊或带的表面上或在定影辊或带的表面上产生调色剂膜，则不能形成高品质的图像。
此外，有时要求这些辊或带部件在其表面具有足够的弹性度。例如，通常要求定影辊或带能够在未定影的调色剂图像周围变形的同时对位于记录介质之上的未定影的调色剂图像进行加热和加压。还要求与定影辊或带相对布置的加压辊或带也具有弹性表面。
成像装置的各种辊和带部件通常包括柱状、圆筒状、管状或环形带状的基材作为主要构成组件。为了使辊或带部件的表面具有调色剂防粘性，通常形成氟树脂层为基材的最外层。为了使辊或带部件的表面具有弹性，一般通过使用耐热橡胶材料（如氟橡胶和/或硅橡胶）在基材上形成橡胶层。
因此，使用经氟树脂被覆的辊或带（其在基材上直接具有氟树脂层或在设置于基材之上的橡胶层上具有氟树脂层）作为辊或带部件。氟树脂层通常具有高不粘性、耐磨性和耐热性。然而，为了直接在基材上或该基材上的橡胶层上形成氟树脂层，需要在高温下焙烧或在高温下进行长达数小时的加热以融合粘结氟树脂层。这样，不仅难以进一步改善制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的生产率，还存在下述问题：在氟树脂层形成期间，下方的橡胶层发生热劣化，从而使其耐久性降低。已经提出了多种制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，但是仍难以充分解决上述难题。
已知一种用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，采用所述方法，在基材上或基材上的橡胶层上形成氟树脂涂料的涂膜并且在高温下焙烧该涂膜。通过焙烧所述氟树脂涂膜可以形成具有光滑平坦表面的均质氟树脂层。
例如，专利No.3584682(PTL1)公开了一种定影部件，其包括载体、布置在该载体上的粘合剂层（该粘合剂层含有氟树脂和硅氧烷改性的聚酰亚胺）和由氟树脂构成的最外层。PTL1中公开的例子包括这样的试验例，其中通过采用四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物（PFA）的粉末涂料来静电涂敷粘合剂层，并且在375℃和30分钟的焙烧条件下进行固化处理和成膜处理，从而形成氟树脂层。
日本未审查专利申请公开No.10-198201(PTL2)公开了具有层状结构的定影带，所述层状结构包括薄壁管状基材、位于该基材的外周面上的耐热弹性体层和位于所述耐热弹性体层上的氟树脂层。PTL2的例子包括这样的试验例，其中通过加压成型在聚酰亚胺管的外周面上形成硅橡胶层，并且将氟树脂涂料施加至所述硅橡胶层上并进行烧结，从而形成氟树脂层。
根据PTL1和PTL2中公开的焙烧方法，必须在干燥加热气氛中在等于或高于氟树脂熔点的高温下进行长时间焙烧，以形成氟树脂层。当橡胶层位于氟树脂层下方时，在焙烧氟树脂层的过程中就会发生橡胶层的热劣化，原因是橡胶层的耐热温度低于氟树脂层的焙烧温度。特别是，橡胶层表面的热劣化易于在氟树脂层和橡胶层之间的界面处发生。因此，层间粘着性可能降低并且可能出现层间分离。其结果是，经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的耐久性下降。
另一种用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的已知方法是这样一种方法，其包括：在圆筒状模具的内表面上形成氟树脂层，在所述圆筒状模具的轴中心插入辊状基材，将橡胶材料注入氟树脂层与辊状基材之间的间隙中，并且使橡胶材料硫化。在硫化后，从圆筒状模具中取出具有“氟树脂层/橡胶层/基材”层状结构的经氟树脂被覆的辊。
例如，日本未审查专利申请公开No.11-336742(PTL3)和日本未审查专利申请公开No.2001-295830(PTL4)分别公开了用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，所述方法包括：将氟树脂涂料或氟树脂粉末涂料施加至圆筒状模具的内表面上以形成涂膜，并且焙烧该涂膜从而形成氟树脂膜的步骤1；在所述圆筒状模具的轴中心处插入辊状基材的步骤2；将橡胶材料注入氟树脂涂膜和辊状基材之间的间隙内并且使橡胶材料硫化的步骤3；和取走圆筒状模具的步骤4。
根据PTL3和PTL4中公开的铸造法，在第一步骤中焙烧形成最外层的氟树脂，随后进行橡胶层的硫化。由此，可以防止由焙烧氟树脂层引起的橡胶层的热劣化。然而，根据PTL3和PTL4中公开的铸造法，需要使用高精度的圆筒状模具并且难以将辊状基材的轴中心与圆筒状模具的轴中心精确对齐。另外，根据所述铸造法，可能出现问题，如难以形成薄的橡胶层、橡胶层的厚度变得不均一以及在取走模具过程中氟树脂膜可能会发生破裂。
另一种用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的已知方法是包括下述步骤的方法：在使氟树脂管的开口部分径向扩展的同时，将橡胶被覆辊基材插入不具有热收缩性的氟树脂管中。
例如，日本未审查专利申请公开No.2004-276290(PTL5)和日本未审查专利申请公开No.2008-257098(PTL6)分别公开了用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，所述方法包括将低粘度的粘合剂施加到橡胶被覆辊基材的外周面上，并且在使内径小于所述橡胶被覆辊基材外径的氟树脂管的一端径向扩展的同时，用所述氟树脂管包覆所述橡胶被覆辊基材。在包覆步骤后，进行对粘合剂层加热固化的步骤。
在PTL5和PTL6中公开的氟树脂管包覆方法存在以下问题：需要复杂、昂贵的机器来扩展氟树脂管的内径；必须将低粘度粘合剂施加到橡胶被覆辊基材的橡胶层表面上，以赋予润滑性使得基材能够被氟树脂管包覆；粘合剂层的厚度往往会变化；由于夹带空气而容易在氟树脂管和下面的层之间产生气泡；必须在高温下进行长时间的加热以固化所述粘合剂；并且由于不能将氟树脂管与橡胶层融合粘结，因此耐久性可能不足。
另一种用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的已知方法是包括下述步骤的方法：用热收缩性氟树脂管包覆基材或该基材上的橡胶层，进行加热以实施热收缩，并且进一步在高温下进行长时间的加热以进行融合粘结。
例如，日本未审查专利申请公开No.64-1534(PTL7)公开了用于制备经氟树脂被覆的柱状制品的方法，该方法包括：用热收缩性PFA管包覆经底漆处理的柱状制品，通过在80℃至250℃的温度范围内加热使该管原位收缩并固定，并且在330℃至400℃的温度范围内焙烧该管以进行融合粘结。
专利No.3112335(PTL8)公开了用于制备管状复合膜的方法，该方法包括用热收缩性PFA管包覆聚酰亚胺管的外周面，并且通过在280℃至400℃的温度下加热30分钟至60分钟（在实施例1中，在350℃下加热40分钟），以融合粘结所述热收缩性PFA管。
国际公开No.2008/126915(PTL9)公开了用于制备定影辊或带的方法，所述方法包括：在诸如不锈钢圆筒体等基材上形成弹性层，用热收缩性PFA管包覆该弹性层，在290℃至300℃的气氛中使该管热收缩以使该管与弹性层密切接触，以及在等于或高于PFA熔点的温度下进行加热以实现融合粘结。
在PTL7至PTL9中公开的用热收缩性氟树脂管包覆基材的方法存在以下问题：在基材和热收缩性氟树脂管之间或在橡胶层和热收缩性氟树脂管之间容易产生气泡；热收缩期间在热收缩性氟树脂中易于产生松弛部分和褶皱；必须在干热气氛中进行长时间的热处理以使热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结；以及在热收缩性氟树脂管的融合粘结期间，下方的橡胶层易于产生热劣化。
PTL7至PTL9中某些文献声称，通过进行相对短时间的加热，热收缩性氟树脂管可以融合粘结到基材或橡胶层的外周面上。然而，在实践中，为了使热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结，必须在干热气氛中在高温下进行长时间的加热。如果加热温度过低或加热时间过短，则热收缩性氟树脂管不能充分地融合粘结到基材或橡胶层的外周面上，并且损害经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的耐久性。
引文目录
专利文献
PTL1：日本专利No.3584682
PTL2：日本未审查专利申请公开No.10-198201
PTL3：日本未审查专利申请公开No.11-336742
PTL4：日本未审查专利申请公开No.2001-295830
PTL5：日本未审查专利申请公开No.2004-276290
PTL6：日本未审查专利申请公开No.2008-257098
PTL7：日本未审查专利申请公开No.64-1534
PTL8：日本专利No.3112335
PTL9：国际公开No.2008/126915
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种利用了热收缩性氟树脂管包覆法的制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，采用所述方法，可以通过进行相对短时间的加热而形成直接融合粘结在基材上或融合粘结在基材上的橡胶层上的氟树脂涂层，并且采用所述方法，可以防止在热收缩性氟树脂管与基材或橡胶层之间产生气泡并且防止热收缩性氟树脂管发生松弛和褶皱。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，采用所述方法，融合粘结热收缩性氟树脂管所需要的高温加热时间显著缩短，并且即便在使用在基材的外周面上具有橡胶层的橡胶被覆基材时，橡胶层的热劣化也明显得到抑制。
本发明的发明人已经进行了广泛的研究以解决上述问题，并且已经构思了将热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结到基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面上的方法，该方法是通过在加压下使在其外周面上布置有热收缩性氟树脂管的基材或橡胶被覆基材与被加热至特定温度的热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材来实现的。
根据本发明的方法，例如，即便在热收缩性氟树脂管和基材或橡胶层之间产生气泡并且在加热热收缩性氟树脂管的预收缩期间在热收缩性氟树脂管中产生松弛和褶皱时，这些气泡、松弛、褶皱等也可以通过以下步骤来消除，该步骤为：在加压下，使热收缩性氟树脂管与热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材。根据本发明的方法，可以获得具有高耐久性和高表面光滑性以及平坦性的经氟树脂被覆的辊或带。
当使用以下方法时，由于源自热板表面的优异导热性，热收缩性氟树脂管可以在短时间内被融合粘结至基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面，所述方法为：在加压下，使在其外周面上布置有热收缩性氟树脂管的基材或橡胶被覆基材与被加热至特定温度的热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材。结果，位于下方的橡胶层的热劣化可以被显著抑制。基于这些发现而实现本发明。
解决问题的方案
本发明提供了用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，所述经氟树脂被覆的辊或带包括：具有外周面的基材，所述外周面与沿纵向延伸的中心轴垂直的圆形截面，以及氟树脂层，其直接设置在所述基材上或设置在位于所述基材之上的橡胶层上，
所述方法包括：
（1）将所述基材或橡胶被覆基材插入热收缩性氟树脂管的中空中的步骤，所述橡胶被覆基材是通过在所述基材的外周面上至少形成橡胶层而制备的，所述热收缩性氟树脂管的内径大于所述基材或所述橡胶被覆基材的外径；以及
（2）加压融合粘结步骤：在加压下，使所述基材或橡胶被覆基材与被加热至250℃至400℃温度范围内的热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材，从而将所述热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结到所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面上。
另外，该方法优选包括在加压融合粘结步骤之后进行的再加热步骤，所述再加热步骤包括将氟树脂层加热至等于或高于构成氟树脂层的氟树脂的熔点的温度。
本发明的有益效果
根据本发明，可以通过加热相对短的时间形成直接融合粘结至基材或融合粘结至位于该基材上的橡胶层的氟树脂被覆层。根据本发明的制备方法，在热收缩性氟树脂管与基材或橡胶被覆基材的橡胶层之间没有产生气泡，并且在热收缩性氟树脂管中没有产生松弛和褶皱。根据本发明的制备方法，即使在使用其中在基材的外周面上形成橡胶层的橡胶被覆基材时，该橡胶层的热劣化也可以得到显著抑制。本发明的制备方法不需要使用复杂、昂贵的设施，并且每个步骤的操作是相对容易的。
附图简要说明
图1是示出制备步骤的例子的示意性剖视图，在所述制备步骤中，在加压下，使基材或橡胶被覆基材（它们具有与其外周面密切接触的热收缩性氟树脂管）与热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材。
图2是图1中所示制备步骤的例子的侧视图。
图3是经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的剖视图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于形成经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，所述经氟树脂被覆的辊或带包括：氟树脂层，其直接设置在基材上或设置在位于该基材之上的橡胶层上，所述基材的外周面具有与沿所述基材的纵向延伸的中心轴垂直的圆形截面。
本发明所用基材的外周面具有与沿所述基材的纵向延伸的中心轴垂直的圆形截面。具有这种结构的基材的实例包括柱状、圆筒状、管状和环形带状的基材。柱状基材通常是成型制品，它们整个是固体并且适于用作不需要在其中安装加热器的辊部件（如加压辊）的基材。
通常，圆筒状基材是指具有特定厚度的成型制品。被覆有氟树脂的圆筒状基材称作经氟树脂被覆的辊。通常，管状基材是由金属薄膜或合成树脂膜形成的管状成型制品。然而，由于圆筒状基材和管状基材的共同之处在于它们均是中空的，故二者之间的界限并不清晰。环形带状基材通常是指截面处具有大直径的那些制品，但是环形带状基材和管状部件间的界限并不清晰。因此，在本技术领域中，例如，经氟树脂被覆的管状基材可以称作经氟树脂被覆的带、经氟树脂被覆的辊或经氟树脂被覆的管。
基材优选是由能够承受温度为300℃至400℃长达60分钟或更长时间的热处理的材料构成的成型制品。柱状或圆筒状基材一般是由具有高导热性的金属（如铝、铝合金、铁或不锈钢）或者陶瓷（如氧化铝或碳化硅）构成的柱状或圆筒状成型制品。柱状或圆筒状基材可以具有在两端分别具有轴承部分的轴的形状。当柱状或圆筒状基材由金属构成时，其通常称作芯金属。
管状基材是称作金属管的成型制品，其由金属薄膜或由耐热树脂管（由合成树脂膜构成）组成，并且管状基材还可以称作环形带。用于金属管的材料的实例包括铁、镍和它们的合金。当使用电磁感应加热技术来加热定影带时，用于金属管的材料优选是铁、镍、它们的合金或铁氧体系不锈钢。当需要高效加热整个带部件时，所述金属管优选是具有低热容并且可以通过电磁感应加热法更快加热的镍带或不锈钢带。
优选使用具有高耐热性及低热容并且在使用期间可以被加热器快速加热的材料作为合成树脂管的材料。一般，使用耐热温度（例如熔点、热变形温度和热分解温度）为250℃或更高的耐热树脂。耐热树脂的具体实例包括聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚苯硫醚和聚苯并咪唑。在这些树脂当中，聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚苯并咪唑是优选的，聚酰亚胺是更优选的，并且就耐热性和耐久性而言，热固性聚酰亚胺是特别优选的。
根据截面的直径，环形带状基材是指具有小直径的管状成型制品和具有大直径的环形带（无缝带）。使用具有大直径截面的环形带状基材的经氟树脂被覆的带包括用作其中设置有多个辊的转印带的那些带。环形带状基材可以是由上述的金属薄膜或合成树脂膜形成的那些基材。
可以根据经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的用途适当地选择基材的厚度、直径和长度。例如，当经氟树脂被覆的辊或带被用作成像装置的定影部件时，可以基于记录介质（如转印纸）的宽度来确定基材的长度。可以根据经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的用途或成像装置的类型来适当地确定基材的直径。当经氟树脂被覆的辊或带用作定影部件时，直径通常选自一般10mm至150mm、优选为13mm至100mm并且更优选为15mm至40mm的范围。用于定影带中的基材的厚度通常选自20μm至100μm，优选25μm至80μm的范围。基材的形状可以是在整个长度方向上具有相同的直径的形状、冠状、倒冠状或锥形。
当管状基材或环形带状基材是由耐热树脂（如热固性聚酰亚胺）形成的成型制品时，则可以含有无机填料以提高导热性。无机填料的实例包括二氧化硅、氧化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、碳化钛、碳化钨、氮化硅、碳化硼、氮化铝、云母、钛酸钾、钛酸钡、碳酸钙、氧化镁、氧化锆和滑石。这些无机填料中，优选氧化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼和氮化硼，因为它们具有高导热性。
当将无机填料包含在构成基材的合成树脂中时，则它们所用的比例一般是50体积%或更小，通常是40体积%或更小。在许多情况中，下限值是5体积%。为了制造含有无机填料的热固性聚酰亚胺管或环形带，可以使用以下方法，其中使用含有分散的无机填料的聚酰亚胺前体清漆在柱状或圆筒状模具的内周表面或外周面上形成涂膜，并且加热该涂膜以进行酰亚胺化。
在基材上形成橡胶层。在形成橡胶层中所用的橡胶材料优选是耐热橡胶。耐热橡胶指这样的橡胶，其中当具有橡胶层的经氟树脂被覆的辊或带被安装在定影单元中时，所述橡胶具有足以承受在定影温度下连续使用的耐热性。优选硅橡胶或氟橡胶作为耐热橡胶。这些耐热橡胶可以单独或组合使用。所述橡胶层可以是单层（如硅橡胶层或氟树脂层）或是通过叠加（例如硅）橡胶层和氟树脂层所形成的复合层。
耐热橡胶优选是可混炼的或液体的硅橡胶、氟橡胶或其混合物，因为其耐热性高。耐热橡胶的具体实例包括：硅橡胶，如二甲基硅橡胶、氟硅橡胶、甲基苯基硅橡胶和乙烯基硅橡胶；和氟橡胶，如偏二氟乙烯橡胶、四氟乙烯-丙烯共聚物橡胶、四氟乙烯-全氟甲基乙烯基醚共聚物橡胶、磷腈氟橡胶（phosphazene fluororubber）和氟聚醚。这些耐热橡胶可以单独使用或组合使用。可以将硅橡胶和氟橡胶共混并使用。
当用导热填料高度填充液体硅橡胶和氟橡胶时，该液体硅橡胶和氟橡胶易于形成具有高导热性的橡胶层。液体硅橡胶的实例包括缩合型液体硅橡胶和加成型液体硅橡胶。其中，优选加成型液体硅橡胶。
加成型液体硅橡胶利用了下列机理：在铂催化剂存在下，通过具有乙烯基的聚硅氧烷和具有Si-H键的聚硅氧烷之间进行加成反应，从而使硅氧烷链交联。可以通过改变铂催化剂的类型和量或通过使用反应抑制剂（阻滞剂）来自由地改变固化速率。在室温下具有高固化速率的双组分型加成型液体硅橡胶是室温固化型的。通过调节铂催化剂的量或使用反应抑制剂以使之在100℃至200℃的温度下固化的双组分型加成型硅橡胶是热固化型的。下列单组分型加成型硅橡胶是单组分加热型的：其具有强化的抑制作用并且只要在低温下贮存就保持为液体状态，但在使用期间被加热时，其就变成橡胶状。在这些加成型液体硅橡胶当中，就层间粘着性和混合导热填料并形成橡胶层的易操作性而言，优选热固化型加成型液体硅橡胶。
可以通过添加导热填料来提高橡胶层的导热性。如果将经氟树脂被覆的辊或带用作置于定影单元中的定影部件，则橡胶层的导热率优选是0.2至4.0W/(m·K)，更优选是0.6至3.0W/(m·K)，并且最优选是1.0至2.5W/(m·K)。在要求橡胶层具有特别高的导热率的情况下，则橡胶层的导热率优选是1.1W/(m·K)或更大并且更优选是1.2W/(m·K)或更大。
优选使用下列的形成橡胶层的方法来提高橡胶层的导热率，所述方法使用含有导热填料和选自由硅橡胶和氟橡胶组成的组中的至少一种耐热橡胶的橡胶组合物。如果橡胶层的导热率过低并且将经氟树脂被覆的辊或带用作定影部件，则加热效率下降并且难以充分改善高速印刷或全彩色印刷中的定影性能。与此形成对比的是，如果橡胶层的导热率过高，则导热填料的掺和比例变得过高并且橡胶层的机械强度和弹性可能下降。
导热填料的优选实例包括无机填料，如碳化硅、碳化硼、氧化铝、氮化铝、钛酸钾、云母、二氧化硅、氧化钛、滑石和碳酸钙。导热填料可以单独使用或组合使用。其中，碳化硅、碳化硼、氧化铝和氮化铝是特别优选的。
导热填料的平均粒径通常是0.5m至15μm并且优选为1μm至10μm。可以通过使用由Shimadzu株式会社生产的“ShimadzuSALD-3000激光衍射粒度分析仪”测量平均粒径。如果导热填料的平均粒径过小，则改善导热率的效果很可能不足。如果导热填料的平均粒径过大，则橡胶层的表面中将产生凹部不平，并且橡胶层上的氟树脂层表面的平坦性和光滑性可能下降。
基于橡胶组合物的总体积，导热填料在橡胶组合物中的掺和比例通常是5体积%至60体积%，优选是10体积%至50体积%并且最优选是15体积%至45体积%。如果导热填料的量过小，则难以充分提高橡胶层的导热率。如果导热填料的量过大，则橡胶层的机械强度和弹性往往较低。
可以根据经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的用途和形状适当地确定橡胶层的厚度，但橡胶层的厚度通常是大于等于10μm并且小于等于5mm，并且优选是大于等于50μm并且小于等于3mm。当经氟树脂被覆的辊或带是包括金属管或耐热树脂管作为基材的带部件时，考虑到基材本身的弹性，橡胶层的厚度优选是大于等于10μm并且小于等于1mm，更优选是50μm至900μm，并且最优选是100μm至800μm。在许多情况下，在200μm至350μm的厚度下获得满意的结果。当经氟树脂被覆的辊或带是包括柱状或圆筒状成型制品作为基材的辊部件时，由于该基材坚硬，故橡胶层的厚度优选是大于等于50μm并且小于等于5mm，更优选是大于等于500μm并且小于等于3mm。
如果经氟树脂被覆的辊或带被用作定影部件，则橡胶层的硬度优选是低的以赋予弹性。可以通过日本工业标准(JIS)K 6301中规定的A型弹簧硬度试验来测量橡胶层中使用的橡胶材料的硬度。由该方法测量的橡胶硬度（称作“JIS-A硬度”）优选小于100，更优选是15至90，还更优选是15至70，并且最优选是15至60。橡胶材料在180℃/22小时在25%压缩下的压缩永久变形优选是30%或更小，并且更优选为20%或更小。如果压缩永久变形过高，则橡胶层的回弹性下降，并且耐久性往往较低。
当橡胶层的厚度过小或硬度过大时，则定影辊或带不能在未定影的调色剂图像周围发生变形的同时融合未定影的调色剂图像，并且定影性能下降。特别是，当使用彩色调色剂时，往往会产生定影失效。当橡胶层的厚度过大或硬度过低时，则导热率和耐久性倾向于下降。
现在参考图3的剖视图，本发明的经氟树脂被覆的辊或带31的代表性实例具有层状结构，其包括基材32、位于在基材32上的橡胶层33和由热收缩性氟树脂管形成的氟树脂层34作为最外层。为了增强在基材32和橡胶层33之间的粘着性，可以在基材32的外周面上形成底漆层或粘合剂层。为了增强橡胶层33和氟树脂层34之间的粘着性，可以在这些层之间设置底漆层或粘合剂层。
由于将氟树脂层设置为最外层，因此调色剂的防粘性、耐热性和耐磨性可以得到改善。当将经氟树脂被覆的辊或带用作定影部件时，由于氟树脂层被设置成最外层，因此，不需要使用诸如硅油等防粘油（releasing oil），或者即使使用少量的防粘油就能实现充分的调色剂防粘性。
通常可以通过挤压模塑和拉伸模塑法来形成本发明中使用的热收缩性氟树脂管。用于热收缩性氟树脂管的材料的实例包括：四氟乙烯/全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物（PFA）、四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物（FEP）、聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物（ETFE）、聚三氟氯乙烯（PCTFE）、乙烯/三氟氯乙烯共聚物（ECTFE）和聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）。在这些氟树脂当中，四氟乙烯/全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物（PFA）因其挤压模塑性能、拉伸模塑性能、耐热性和调色剂放粘性而是优选的。即，在本发明中，优选使用热收缩性PFA管作为热收缩性氟树脂管。
通过这样的方法制备热收缩性氟树脂管，所述方法包括：在360℃至440℃的温度范围内通过环形模具将氟树脂熔融挤压成管，并且将该管单轴拉伸或双轴拉伸。热收缩性氟树脂管的平均厚度通常在10μm至100μm的范围内并且优选在12μm至70μm的范围内。当热收缩性氟树脂管过薄时，在制备过程中的挤压模塑性会劣化，并且耐久性和调色剂的防粘性往往不足。当热收缩性氟树脂管过厚并且将经氟树脂被覆的辊或带用作定影部件时，则导热率不足，并且在高速印刷或全彩色印刷中的定影性能往往较低。
在干热气氛中在290℃下停留4分钟进行测量时，热收缩性氟树脂管优选表现出沿轴向的热收缩率为2%或更大并且优选为3%或更大，而沿圆周方向（径向）的热收缩率为3%至15%并且优选为5%至13%。然而，根据本发明的制备方法，热收缩性氟树脂管的热收缩率不限于上述范围，这是因为热收缩性氟树脂管可以牢固地融合粘结到基材或橡胶层的外周面上。热收缩性氟树脂管的热收缩性根据氟树脂的类型而有所不同。
本发明中使用的热收缩性氟树脂管的内径必须大于基材或橡胶层的外径，因为该管将包覆基材或橡胶被覆基材（其包括基材和在该基材的外周面上的橡胶层）。基于基材或橡胶层的外径以及热收缩性氟树脂管沿圆周方向上的热收缩率，可以自由地选择热收缩性氟树脂管的内径。热收缩性氟树脂管的内周表面可以通过诸如等离子体处理或化学蚀刻处理等已知方法进行表面处理。
本发明的制备方法是用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，所述经氟树脂被覆的辊或带包括：具有外周面的基材，所述外周面的与纵向延伸的中心轴垂直的截面是圆形的，以及氟树脂层，其直接设置在所述基材上或设置在位于所述基材之上的橡胶层上。具体而言，该制备方法包括以下两个步骤。
（1）步骤：将基材或通过在所述基材的外周面上至少形成橡胶层而制备的橡胶被覆基材插入热收缩性氟树脂管的中空中，所述热收缩性氟树脂管的内径大于所述基材或所述橡胶被覆基材的外径；以及
（2）加压融合粘结步骤：在加压下，使所述基材或橡胶被覆基材与被加热至250℃至400℃温度范围的热板表面接触，同时转动所述基材或橡胶被覆基材，从而将所述热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结到所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面上。
橡胶被覆基材的外径是指最外层的外径。本发明的优选实施方案是包括以下步骤1至3的制备方法。
(I)步骤：将所述基材或橡胶被覆基材插入热收缩性氟树脂管的中空中，所述橡胶被覆基材是通过在所述基材的外周面上至少形成橡胶层而制备的，所述热收缩性氟树脂管的内径大于所述基材或所述橡胶被覆基材的外径；
(II)步骤2：通过将温度控制在80℃或更高但不高于构成所述热收缩性氟树脂管的氟树脂的熔点，使具有已插入中空中的所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的所述热收缩性氟树脂管进行热收缩，从而使所述热收缩性氟树脂管与所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面密切接触；
(III)加压融合粘结步骤3：在加压下，使外周面与热收缩性氟树脂管密切接触的所述基材或橡胶被覆基材与被加热到250℃至400℃的温度范围内的热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材，使得所述热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结至所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面。
在将基材插入热收缩性氟树脂管的中空内的步骤1中，优选在基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面上设置底漆层或粘合剂层。步骤2是初步将热收缩性氟树脂管加热收缩从而使得所述热收缩性氟树脂管与基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面密切接触的步骤。在步骤2中，使所述热收缩性氟树脂管与基材或橡胶被覆基材密切接触（也称作“收缩固定”）足以促进在后续加压融合粘结步骤3中进行处理，而不需在高温下进行长时间的热处理以引起融合粘结。因而，步骤2也可以称作“预收缩步骤”。
在预收缩步骤2中，优选通过使热收缩性氟树脂管与温度被控制为80℃或更高、但小于构成所述热收缩性氟树脂管的氟树脂的熔点的干热气氛接触，从而使具有已插入中空中的基材或橡胶被覆基材的热收缩性氟树脂管进行热收缩。该步骤2通常在干热气氛中在温度被控制为80℃或更高但小于氟树脂熔点的炉中进行。可供选择的是，可以进行其他方法，如通过热喷枪进行的射流喷射热空气法。热空气是干热气氛的一种类型。
在预收缩步骤2中，干热气氛的温度取决于形成热收缩性氟树脂管的氟树脂的类型。然而，在使用热收缩性PFA管的情况下，该温度通常在90℃至290℃的范围内、优选为130℃至290℃、更优选为150℃至290℃并且最优选为180℃至290℃。步骤2中的处理时间是足以使热收缩性氟树脂管进行热收缩并且与基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面密切接触的时间。根据干热气氛的温度和热收缩性氟树脂管的热收缩性，时间长度有所不同，但是该时间通常是在1分钟至40分钟内、优选为1分钟至30分钟、更优选为1分钟至20分钟并且最优选为1分钟至15分钟。
在加压融合粘结步骤3中，在加压下，使具有与其外周面密切接触的热收缩性氟树脂管的基材或橡胶被覆基材与被加热至250℃至400℃的温度范围内的热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材，从而使所述热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结到所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面上。
以往，热收缩性氟树脂管的融合粘结是分批进行的，其中在干热气氛下、在高温下、在加热炉中进行长时间的加热。然而，根据这种常规方法，需要耗费长时间以充分使热收缩性氟树脂管收缩并且随后需要耗费长时间以在高温下使所述热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结。例如，在已经使用热收缩性PFA管的情况下，在将炉内温度从220℃逐步改变至约300℃的同时，进行热收缩融合粘结。如果加上后续冷却所需的时间，需要使用的处理时间共计约150分钟。根据这种常规方法，可以获得具有良好表面平坦性和光滑性的氟树脂层，并且氟树脂层与基材或橡胶层的融合粘结可以得到充分进行。另一方面，根据所述常规方法，在高温下的处理需要进行很长时间，这导致生产率的问题以及在橡胶层存在的情况下，橡胶层在融合粘结步骤中发生热劣化的问题。
在本发明中，融合粘结步骤不是在干热气氛中进行，而是在加压下通过与热板表面接触来进行的。根据这项包括在加压下接触的融合粘结技术，热板的热量直接传递至热收缩性氟树脂管，并且该热收缩性氟树脂管被强烈地压向基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面上。因而，可以在短时间内完成融合粘结。根据本发明的方法，可以在显著短的时间内实施融合粘结步骤，并且可以显著抑制橡胶层的热劣化。
由于热收缩性氟树脂管的表面具有良好的不粘性和耐热性，故所述表面不会融合粘结到热板表面上，即使在步骤2中的预收缩之后，在加压下、在高温下使该表面与热板表面接触时也是如此。热收缩性氟树脂管的这种特性实现了包括本发明步骤3的制备方法。
热板是一种具有平坦表面的板，所述平坦表面可以通过加热器加热。加热器可以安装在热板下方或热板内部。热板的材料例如是金属或金属合金（如不锈钢），并且该材料优选具有能够承受在加压融合粘结步骤中的压力的强度和/或厚度。热板可以由其他材料（如陶瓷）形成。可供选择的是，可以使用被覆有耐热树脂（如聚酰亚胺或氟树脂）或耐热橡胶（如硅橡胶或氟橡胶）的片材或覆膜的金属或金属合金板。
热板的表面优选是平坦的并且没有划痕或凹凸不平。热板表面上的诸如划痕等缺陷将在加压融合粘结步骤中被转移至经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的氟树脂层的表面。然而，当基材具有冠状、倒冠状或锥形时，也可以改变热板的表面以匹配基材的形状。
根据日本工业标准（JIS）B0601测量的热板的算术平均表面粗度Ra优选是5μm或更小，更优选是3μm或更小并且最优选是2μm或更小。当热板表面的表面粗糙度过大时，氟树脂层表面的平坦度会受损，并且当经氟树脂被覆的辊或带被用作定影部件时，图像的品质就会劣化。
热板的表面温度在250℃至400℃、优选为260℃至320℃并且更优选为270℃至310℃的范围内。根据构成热收缩性氟树脂管的氟树脂的类型，热板表面的优选温度范围可以有所不同，因而该温度范围不限于上述范围。
在步骤2中，与基材或橡胶层的外周面密切接触的氟树脂层有时含有携带空气的气泡和由热收缩性氟树脂管的热收缩引起的松弛和褶皱。在本发明的步骤3中，在加压下，使具有与其外周面密切接触的热收缩性氟树脂管的基材或橡胶被覆基材与热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材，从而融合粘结热收缩性氟树脂管。因而消除了诸如气泡、松弛和褶皱等缺陷。根据本发明的制备方法，没有携带空气。根据本发明的制备方法（其中在加压下使热收缩性氟树脂管进行接触以进行加热），热收缩性氟树脂管的热缩率并不影响该过程。即使在步骤2中热收缩性氟树脂管的热收缩并不充分时，该热收缩也可以在步骤3中完成。
为了在加压下使得具有与其外周面密切接触的热收缩性氟树脂管的基材或橡胶被覆基材旋转的同时，使所述基材或橡胶被覆基材与热板表面接触，当基材的形状为柱状或圆筒状并且在各自的末端具有轴承部分时，可以使用这样的方法：在使得该基材旋转的同时向两端处的轴承部分施加压力。
当基材是具有圆筒状、管状或环形带形状的中空基材，没有轴承部分并且具有柔性时，优选使用辊状加压部件作为辅助部件。辊状加压部件是辊状制品，其外径小于中空基材的内径。辊状加压部件优选具有圆形截面并且优选是可平滑旋转的。
当使用辊状加压部件时，如下进行加压融合粘结步骤（步骤3）：
a）将其外径小于中空基材内径的辊状加压部件插入中空基材的中空中；
b）使辊状加压部件沿所述热板表面移动，同时将压力从上方施加到辊状加压部件的从中空基材的两个末端突出的两个轴部分上，从而在加压下使得基材或橡胶被覆基材旋转的同时，使所述基材或橡胶被覆基材（其具有与其外周面密切接触的热收缩性氟树脂管）与被加热至250℃至400℃温度范围的热板表面接触，
在上述处理期间，使所述热收缩性氟树脂管在加压下在位于辊状加压部件与热板表面之间的夹持部分中被加热，从而使热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结至基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面。
图1是示出下列制备步骤的实例的示意性剖视图，在所述制备步骤中，在加压下，使具有与其外周面密切接触的热收缩性氟树脂管的基材或橡胶被覆基材与热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材。图2是相同步骤的侧视图。
将辊状加压部件2插入中空基材中，其中所述中空基材构成具有与热收缩性氟树脂管密切接触的外周面的基材或橡胶被覆基材1。将所得到的单元置于热板4的表面上。从上方将压力施加到辊状加压部件2的从中空基材的两个末端部分突出的所述两个轴部分3（轴的两个末端部分）上，同时使辊状加压部件沿热板表面移动。辊状加压部件2的移动可以是平行于热板表面进行滑动移动或者可以是通过旋转辊状加压部件而实现的移动。以这种方式，可以使得与热收缩性氟树脂管密切接触的基材或橡胶被覆基材在加压下与加热的热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材。
通过使用传送单元5来移动辊状加压部件的两个轴部分3并加压。这种传送单元5可以是配备有下列机构的单元，所述机构能够对辊状加压部件的两个轴部分3施加压力并且能够使辊状加压部件沿着热板4的表面移动。施加压力所需的负荷通常在10kg至50kg、优选在15kg至30kg的范围内。然而，由于这种负荷随着经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的尺寸和氟树脂层的类型而变化，故所述负荷不限于这些范围。如果压力过弱，则难以进行充分的融合粘结或需要花费较长的时间进行融合粘结。如果压力过大，则基材可能失效，如断裂。
在加压下，在辊状加压部件2和热板4表面之间的夹持部分6中加热热收缩性氟树脂管，以将热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结到基材或橡胶层的外周面上。当夹持部分6的宽度是2mm至10mm时，在夹持部分6处的融合粘结可以在约10秒至30秒内完成。可以在整个外周表面上实施在这个夹持部分6处的融合粘结，从而使具有良好表面平坦性和光滑性的氟树脂层可以牢固地融合粘结到基材或橡胶层的外周面上，而没有气泡、松弛或褶皱出现。为了高效实施在夹持部分6处的融合粘结，辊状加压部件2优选沿热板4的表面以节距进给方式移动或连续移动。节距进给优选以10秒至30秒的间距进行，但并没有具体限制。可以根据经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的尺寸或氟树脂层的类型选择合适的节距进给间距。
在加压融合粘结步骤（步骤3）中，总处理时间优选是30分钟或更少，更优选为25分钟或更少并且最优选为20分钟或更少。在许多情况下，即使在总处理时间为15分钟或更少时，也可以获得满意的结果。总处理时间的下限是约10分钟。根据条件（如经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的尺寸和热处理温度），步骤3中的处理时间有所不同。
优选在加压融合粘结步骤之后进行再加热步骤：将由融合粘结至基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面的热收缩性氟树脂管所形成的氟树脂层（下文，该层可以简称为“氟树脂层”）加热至等于或高于构成氟树脂层的氟树脂的熔点的温度。当进行再加热时，氟树脂层软化或变得部分熔化，并且留在氟树脂层中的由加压融合粘结步骤形成的内应力由此得到释放。结果是，即使在长时间使用经氟树脂被覆的辊或带时，粘结强度也能得到保持，并且氟树脂层（即表面层）与基材或橡胶被覆基材之间的分离和气泡的产生也可以得到抑制。
在再加热步骤中使用的加热方法并没有特别限制，只要可以将氟树脂层的表面温度升高到熔点或更高即可。在再加热步骤中，可以使用配备有多个可以发射闪光的氙闪光灯的再加热部件；然而，通常，将被覆有在加压融合粘结步骤中所形成的氟树脂的辊或带置于烘箱中，其中所述烘箱的温度被设置成等于或高于构成氟树脂层的氟树脂的熔点。当在加压融合粘结步骤中已经使用了辊状加压部件时，通常在进行再加热步骤之前移走辊状加压部件。然而，可以在不移走辊状加压部件的情况下进行再加热步骤，以防止辊或带变形。可以选择进行再加热步骤的温度，使得氟树脂层的表面温度通常在氟树脂的熔点至比氟树脂熔点高35℃的范围内，优选为大于氟树脂的熔点但是比氟树脂熔点高不超过25℃的范围，更优选为大于氟树脂的熔点、但是比氟树脂熔点高不超过15℃的范围，并且最优选为大于氟树脂的熔点、但是比氟树脂熔点高不超过10℃的范围。当在其中氟树脂层的表面温度比氟树脂的熔点高40℃或更高的环境温度下进行再加热步骤时，氟树脂层可能熔化并流动，不过这取决于所述树脂处于该环境下的时间长度。实施再加热步骤的时间长短取决于温度环境，但该时间长度通常是约1秒至30分钟，优选为约1秒至20分钟，更优选为约1秒至15分钟和最优选为约1秒至10分钟，以便使氟树脂层软化或进入部分熔融状态并且防止氟树脂层熔化和流动。
可以将被覆有经过再加热步骤的氟树脂层的辊或带从烘炉取出来并且冷却至20℃至40℃的温度或室温。可供选择的是，在再加热步骤后，可以进行以200℃/分钟或更大、优选以220℃/分钟或更大并且最优选以240℃/分钟或更大的速率将氟树脂层冷却至20℃至40℃的温度或室温的快速冷却步骤，从而保持氟树脂层（内应力从其中得到释放）的表面和内部的状态。结果，可以进一步增强氟树脂层表面的平坦性和光滑性。另外，在再加热步骤中，在氟树脂层中的内应力得到释放，氟树脂层的均匀性得到改善，并且在橡胶层内部的内应力也得到释放。因而，经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的硬度得到降低。
进行快速冷却步骤的方法并没有特别限定，只要能够以200℃/分钟或更高的速率降低氟树脂层的表面温度即可。如果可以将氟树脂层暴露于低温气氛，这就足够了。例如，可以将氟树脂层置于冰箱或冷冻机中，浸没于低温溶剂中或用冷空气吹扫。特别优选的方法的实例是将1℃至25℃、优选3℃至20℃并且更优选5℃至15℃的冷空气在氟树脂层上吹扫15秒至100秒、优选20秒至90秒并且最优选30秒至80秒。
如果冷却速率小于200℃/分钟，则橡胶层可能劣化，由此可能使硬度增加并且强度降低。如果以超过800℃/分钟的冷却速率进行快速冷却，则氟树脂层表面的冷却可能变得部分不均匀，并且可能产生裂纹。因此，以800℃/分钟或更小、优选以700℃/分钟或更小并且更优选以600℃/分钟或更小的冷却速率进行快速冷却步骤。
例子
通过实施例和比较例对本发明进行更详细地描述。各种物理性能和特征的测量方法和评价方法如下。
（1）被覆性能
用热收缩性PFA管被覆具有橡胶层的管状基材。进行热收缩和融合粘结，并且通过以下标准评价被覆性能。测量样品的数目是100（n=100）。
A：形成没有气泡、松弛和褶皱并且具有均一厚度的被覆层，并且用肉眼观察到其中具有细小气泡、松弛、褶皱或这些缺陷的任何组合的样品的数目是3或更少。
B：形成没有气泡、松弛和褶皱并且具有均一厚度的被覆层。然而，用肉眼观察到其中具有细小气泡、松弛、褶皱或这些缺陷的任何组合的样品的数目是4至10。
C：被覆层具有不良外观，并且用肉眼在许多样品中观察到气泡、松弛、褶皱或这些缺陷的任何组合。
（2）硬度（表面硬度）
根据日本工业标准（JIS）K6301中所述的A型弹簧硬度试验，使用微型橡胶硬度计（MD-1，由KOBUNSHI KEIKI株式会社制造）测量硬度。
（3）定影特性
将实施例和比较例中制备的各经氟树脂被覆的带作为定影带安装在市售可得的电子照相复印机的定影单元中。使用这种定影单元形成图像。刮擦定影的图像，并且基于以下标准评价定影特性。
A：没有从图像中刮擦下任何部分。
B：从图像中刮擦下小部分，但是其程度没有造成实际问题。
C：从图像中刮擦下的部分是可识别的。
（4）100,000小时进纸后的耐久性
将实施例和比较例中制备的各经氟树脂被覆的带作为定影带安装在市售可得的电子照相复印机的定影单元中。将其上使用四种颜色调色剂（青色、品红色、黄色和黑色调色剂）形成有未定影的图像的复印纸穿过所述定影单元，并且以3mm的压区宽度（nip width）加压。在连续对100,000张复印纸进行定影后，用肉眼观察经氟树脂被覆的带的表面状态，并且基于裂缝和裂纹（比裂缝长的那些）评价100,000小时进纸后的耐久性。
[实施例1和2]
制备厚度为30μm、长度为279.5mm和内径为24mm的不锈钢管。将由Shin-Etsu Chemical株式会社制造的粘合剂（X-33-173）施加在不锈钢管的外周面上以形成薄膜，并且进行干燥以形成厚度为3μm的粘合剂层。将硅橡胶（由Shin-Etsu Chemical株式会社制造的X-34-2008）与氧化铝粉末混合以制备导热率为1.1W/m·K的橡胶组合物。
通过使用分配器，将所述橡胶组合物施加到不锈钢管外周面上的粘合剂层上，并且进行热处理以形成厚度为275μm的橡胶层。将含有PFA的粘合剂（由Du Pont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals株式会社制造的PR-990CL）施加到橡胶层上，以形成厚度为3μm的粘合剂层。由此，制造出橡胶被覆基材。
制备内径为25mm的热收缩性PFA管（商品名：SMT，由GUNZELIMITED制造）作为热收缩性氟树脂管。将橡胶被覆基材插入热收缩性PFA管的中空中（步骤1）。通过使处于这种状态下的热收缩性PFA管在200℃的干热气氛中停留4分钟以进行热收缩，从而与橡胶被覆基材的橡胶层的外周面密切接触（步骤2）。
将辊状加压部件（外径为20mm并且由不锈钢制成的辊形制品）插入橡胶被覆基材的中空中，其中所述橡胶被覆基材具有与预收缩的热收缩性PFA管密切接触的外周面。将所得单元置于表面温度被控制在300℃的热板表面（算术平均表面粗度Ra=2μm或更小）上，并且在将20kg的加压负荷（每个侧面10kg）施加至辊状加压部件的两个轴部分的同时，使用传送单元以节距进给方式移动所述单元，使得在宽度为约8mm的夹持部分中的加工时间是20秒（步骤3）。
由此制造了经氟树脂被覆的带。步骤3中的总加工时间是15分钟。整个设施的长度是约1.5m，并且可以同时或依次制造大量的经氟树脂被覆的带（样品）。表I示出了该结果以及实施例2的结果，其中在实施例2中，步骤3的总加工时间是20分钟。
[实施例3]
在保持辊状加压部件的两个轴向部分的同时，将实施例1中获得的经氟树脂被覆的带置于温度被保持在320℃的电炉中，并且通过在其中停留4分钟进行再加热。
在保持住辊状加压部件的两个轴部分的同时，通过用鼓风机沿从电炉取出的经氟树脂被覆的带的轴方向吹扫10℃的冷空气70秒来快速冷却该带。立即取出冷却的经氟树脂被覆的带。定影带的表面温度是25℃（冷却速率：253℃/分钟）。在快速冷却后，取出辊状加压部件并且进行测量。在表I中示出结果。
[实施例4]
如实施例1中那样制造橡胶被覆基材。接着，准备内径为25mm的热收缩性PFA管（商品名：950HP-PLUS，由Du Pont-MitsuiFluorochemicals株式会社制造）作为热收缩性氟树脂管，从而替代实施例1中所用的内径为25mm的热收缩性PFA管（商品名：SMT，由GUNZE LIMITED制造）。将橡胶被覆基材插入所述热收缩性PFA管的中空中（步骤1）。通过使热收缩性PFA管在150℃的干热气氛中停留30分钟来进行热收缩，从而与橡胶被覆基材的橡胶层的外周面密切接触（步骤2）。
将辊状加压部件（外径为20mm并且由不锈钢制成的辊形制品）插入橡胶被覆基材的中空中，其中所述橡胶被覆基材具有与预收缩的热收缩性PFA管密切接触的外周面。将所得单元置于表面温度被控制在300℃的热板表面（算术平均表面粗度Ra=2μm或更小）上，并且在将20kg的加压负荷（每个侧面10kg）施加至辊状加压部件的两个轴部分的同时，使用传送单元以节距进给方式移动所述单元，使得宽度为约8mm的夹持部分以2mm/秒的圆周速率得以保持（步骤3）。
在保持辊状加压部件的两个轴部分的同时，将得到的经氟树脂被覆的带置于温度被保持在315℃的电炉中，并且通过在其中停留5分钟进行再加热。
在保持辊状加压部件的两个轴部分的同时，通过用鼓风机沿从电炉取出的经氟树脂被覆的带的轴向吹扫10℃的冷空气70秒来快速冷却该带。立即取出冷却的经氟树脂被覆的带。定影带的表面温度是25℃（冷却速率：249℃/分钟）。在快速冷却后，取出辊状加压部件并且进行测量。在表I中示出结果。
[比较例1]
通过实施与实施例1中步骤2相同的处理，获得具有与热收缩性PFA管密切接触的外周面的橡胶被覆基材。将所述橡胶被覆基材置于加热炉中并且在220℃下热处理50分钟并随后在300℃下热处理80分钟。将整个经氟树脂被覆的带缓慢冷却20分钟。热处理总时间是150分钟。在这种高温下在干热气氛中进行的热处理是分批进行的，并且可以同时制造大量的样品。在表I中示出结果。
[表I]
Figure BDA00001629033900251
从表I的结果明显看出，根据本发明的制备方法，可以在短时间内获得高性能、高品质的经氟树脂被覆的带（实施例1）。通过调节热处理时间，还实现了进纸100,000张后的耐久性（实施例2）。可以在基本上没有增加表面硬度情况下，通过实施再加热步骤而容易地获得这样的经氟树脂被覆的带：其氟树脂层的内应力得到充分释放并且表现出满意的进纸100,000张后的耐久性（实施例3和4）。与此形成对比的是，根据在高温气氛中长时间实施热处理的常规方法，由于热处理时间长，橡胶发生劣化并且硬度高（橡胶坚硬）。此外，由于热被芯金属（不锈钢管）和橡胶层吸收并且炉内存在温度分布，因此，氟树脂层没有被均匀地加热至等于或高于氟树脂熔点的温度。所以，内应力没有适当地得到释放，气泡、褶皱等的缺陷率较高，产生了因长时间进纸导致的弯曲疲劳，并且在氟树脂层中出现了裂纹（比较例1）。
工业实用性
通过本发明制备方法获得的经氟树脂被覆的辊或带可以用于电子照相成像装置的多种部件中。尤其是，所述经氟树脂被覆的辊或带可以用作定影辊、定影带、加压辊、加压带、充电辊、充电带、转印辊、转印带或多种其他部件。
通过本发明的制备方法获得的经氟树脂被覆的辊或带不仅可以用作成像装置的多种部件，还可以用作需要具有这种表面性能（如不粘性、耐热性和耐磨性）的广泛技术领域中的各种部件。本发明的制备方法可以在广泛的技术领域中使用。
参考符号列表
1与热收缩性氟树脂管密切接触的橡胶被覆基材
2辊状加压部件
3辊状加压部件的两个轴部分
4热板
5传送单元
6夹持部分
31经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的实例的剖视图
32中空基材
33橡胶层
34氟树脂层

Claims (8)

1.一种用于制备经氟树脂被覆的辊或带的方法，所述经氟树脂被覆的辊或带包括：
具有外周面的基材，所述外周面具有与沿纵向延伸的中心轴垂直的圆形截面，以及
氟树脂层，其直接设置在所述基材上或者设置在位于所述基材之上的橡胶层上，
所述方法包括：
（1）将所述基材或橡胶被覆基材插入到热收缩性氟树脂管的中空中的步骤，其中所述橡胶被覆基材是通过在所述基材的外周面上至少形成橡胶层而制备的，所述热收缩性氟树脂管的内径大于所述基材或所述橡胶被覆基材的外径；以及
（2）加压融合粘结步骤：在加压下，使所述基材或橡胶被覆基材与被加热至250℃至400℃温度范围的热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材，从而将所述热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结到所述基材或所述橡胶被覆基材的外周面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，还包括预收缩步骤：通过将温度控制在80℃或更高但不高于构成所述热收缩性氟树脂管的氟树脂的熔点，使具有已插入中空中的所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的所述热收缩性氟树脂管进行热收缩，从而使所述热收缩性氟树脂管与所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面密切接触，
其中，在所述加压融合粘结步骤中，在加压下，使外周面与所述热收缩性氟树脂管密切接触的所述基材或橡胶被覆基材与所述热板表面接触，同时旋转所述基材或橡胶被覆基材，使得所述热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结至所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，还包括在所述加压融合粘结步骤后进行的再加热步骤，所述再加热步骤包括将氟树脂层加热至等于或高于构成所述氟树脂层的氟树脂的熔点的温度，其中所述氟树脂层是由融合粘结至所述基材或橡胶被覆基材外周面的所述热收缩性氟树脂管形成的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，还包括在所述再加热步骤之后进行的快速冷却步骤，所述快速冷却步骤包括以200℃/分钟或更大的速率冷却所述氟树脂层。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的制备方法，其中所述基材是具有圆筒状、管状或环形带状的中空基材。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其中在所述加压融合粘结步骤中，
a)将外径小于所述中空基材的内径的辊状加压部件插入到所述中空基材的中空中；并且
b)使所述辊状加压部件沿所述热板表面移动，同时将压力从上方施加到所述辊状加压部件的从所述中空基材的两个末端部分突出出来的两个轴部分上，从而在加压下使得所述基材或橡胶被覆基材旋转的同时，使所述基材或橡胶被覆基材与被加热至250℃至400℃温度范围的所述热板表面接触，
在上述处理期间，使所述热收缩性氟树脂管在加压下在位于所述辊状加压部件与所述热板表面之间的夹持部分中被加热，从而使所述热收缩性氟树脂管融合粘结至所述基材或橡胶被覆基材的外周面。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其中所述辊状加压部件沿所述热板表面以节距进给方式移动或连续移动。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的制备方法，其中所述热收缩性氟树脂管是由四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物构成的热收缩性PFA管。
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