CN102573829A - 包含s-烯丙基-l-半胱氨酸作为活性成分的用于预防或治疗胃肠病症的组合物 - Google Patents
包含s-烯丙基-l-半胱氨酸作为活性成分的用于预防或治疗胃肠病症的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102573829A CN102573829A CN2010800421284A CN201080042128A CN102573829A CN 102573829 A CN102573829 A CN 102573829A CN 2010800421284 A CN2010800421284 A CN 2010800421284A CN 201080042128 A CN201080042128 A CN 201080042128A CN 102573829 A CN102573829 A CN 102573829A
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Abstract
一种包含S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸作为活性成分并且具有抗幽门螺杆菌活性或胃黏膜保护作用的组合物,一种用于预防、减轻或治疗胃肠病症的组合物和使用所述组合物的方法。
Description
技术领域
对相关专利申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2009年9月23日提交于韩国知识产权局的韩国专利申请号10-2009-0090232的利益,其公开内容通过引用完全结合在本文中。
发明领域
本发明涉及一种具有抗幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)活性和胃黏膜保护作用的组合物,一种用于预防或治疗胃肠病症的组合物和使用所述组合物的方法。
背景技术
胃肠病症由多种因素引起,并且已知由侵入性因素(如幽门螺杆菌、胃酸、胃蛋白酶、过分劳累、压力和酒精)与防御性因素(如粘液分泌、组织再生能力和抗凝活性)之间的失衡引起。由过分劳累、压力、幽门螺杆菌感染等引起的胃炎是一种常见症状,但是如果不治疗,则可能发展成慢性胃炎、胃溃疡,并且罕有地发展成胃癌。由酒精引起的胃黏膜损伤可以通过去除刺激因素而在几天内治愈,但是可能发展成胃肠出血、胃穿孔等(Taeyoung Oh,等,J.Applied Pharmacology(应用药理学杂志),卷5,第202-210页,1997)。使用多种药物来治疗胃肠病症,所述药物诸如西咪替丁(cimetidine),雷尼替丁(ranitidin),法莫替丁(famotidine),奥美拉唑(omeprazole),或铋(bismuth)。然而,在停药这些药物之后,复发率非常高,因此存在开发新药的需求。
幽门螺杆菌是一种在人胃黏膜中定植的革兰氏阴性细菌。认识到,幽门螺杆菌感染是发展大部分胃肠道相关病症(如急慢性胃炎(acutechronicgastritis),萎缩性胃炎(atrophic gastritis),胃溃疡(gastric ulcer),胃癌(gastric cancer),和十二指肠溃疡(duodenal ulcers))的主要原因因素(Crowe,Curr Opin Gastrenterol.(胃肠学当前观点),21(1),第32-38页,2005)。此外,已经报道,除消化系统相关疾病之外,幽门螺杆菌感染也是肝性脑病(hepatic encephalopathy)、动脉硬化(arteriosclerosis)、和肝胆系统相关的疾病(hepatobiliary system-associated diseases)的危险因素(Karahalil,等,Curr Drug Saf,2,第43-46页,2007;Scragg,等,J.Epidemiol Community Health(流行病学和群体健康杂志),50(5),第578-579页,1996)。依据美国疾病防控中心(US Centers for Disease Controland Prevention,CDC),幽门螺杆菌感染可能引起长期疲劳(chronicfatigue)、荨麻疹(urticaria)、偏头痛(migraine)、身材矮小症(short stature)、不孕症(infertility)、食物过敏症(food allergy)等,这些都是‘奇异螺杆菌属综合征(strange Helicobacter syndrome)’的症状。通常,使用抗生素杀死幽门螺杆菌。然而,幽门螺杆菌再感染在其根治之后是常见的,并且长时间需要高剂量治疗来完全去除幽门螺杆菌。因此,长期使用高剂量的抗生素可能导致副作用并且增加抗生素耐受性细菌。
近来,已经对抑制食物中的细菌生长的物质进行了多样性的研究,以作为治疗幽门螺杆菌感染相关疾病的安全方法。认为使用益生菌的乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)-发酵的牛奶、包含幽门螺杆菌中和抗体的蛋黄来源的免疫球蛋白(IgY)、和包含在酒和绿茶中的儿茶素(catechin)作为抗幽门螺杆菌感染的有效物质(McMahon,等,Aliment Pharmacol Ther(食疗药理学治疗)23(8),第1215-1223页,2006;Sachdeva,等,Eur J GastroenterolHepatol(欧洲胃肠学和肝脏学杂志),21(1),第45-53页,2009;Shin,等,JMed Microbiol.(医学微生物学杂志),53(Pt 1),第31-34页,2004)。
同时,属于葱属(Allium genus)的大蒜(Allium Sativum.L)具有抗微生物、抗真菌、抗氧化和抗癌特性(Ankri,等,Microbes Infect.(微生物感染)1(2),第125-129页,1999),预防血栓(thrombosis)、炎症和细胞的氧化压力(Sener,等,Mol Nutr Food Res.(分子营养食品研究),51(11),第1345-1352页,2007),并且因此已经引人注意。大蒜包含多种成分,包括具有抗真菌和抗癌特性的甾体皂苷,如eruboside-B(Matsuura H,等,ChemPharm Bull(Tokyo),36:3659-3663,1988),具有降低胆固醇作用的糖苷级分(Slowing,等,J Nutr.(营养学杂志),131,第994S-9S页,2001),具有抑制血小板聚集作用的非硫化合物,如β-鸡骨常山碱(β-chlorogenine)(Rahman K,等,J.Nutr.(营养学杂志)2006),和各种有机硫化合物。包含在属于葱属的植物中的有机硫化合物的实例是脂溶性有机硫化合物,如S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜(S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxides)(蒜氨酸(alliin)),二烯丙基二硫化物(Diallydisulfide,DADS),和二烯丙基硫化物(Diallylsulfide,DAS),以及水溶性有机硫化合物,如S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸(SAC)和S-烯丙巯基半胱氨酸(S-allylmercaptocysteine,SAMC)。
已经报道,成熟大蒜的活性成分SAC具有抑制动脉硬化的抗氧化活性和在一些癌细胞系中的抗癌活性(Proceedings of the AmericanAssociation for Cancer Research(美国癌症研究学会进展),30,第181页,1989)。然而,尚未报道SAC对胃肠疾病具有治疗作用和抗幽门螺杆菌活性。
发明公开内容
技术问题
通常,使用抗生素杀死幽门螺杆菌。然而,幽门螺杆菌再感染在其根治后是常见的,并且长时间需要高剂量的治疗以完全去除幽门螺杆菌。因此,可能发生副作用,并且由于抗生素的使用,抗生素耐受性细菌可能增加。因此,存在对于除抗生素之外的替代药物的需求。本发明提供具有抗幽门螺杆菌活性和胃黏膜保护作用的药物。本发明还提供用于预防、减轻或治疗胃肠病症的安全性组合物。
技术方案
按照本发明的一个方面,提供包含S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸(SAC)作为活性成分并且具有抗幽门螺杆菌活性和黏膜保护作用的组合物,所述S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸(SAC)是一种包含在属于葱属的植物中的水溶性有机硫化合物。按照本发明的另一个方面,提供包含SAC作为活性成分用于预防、减轻或治疗胃肠病症的组合物。
发明的有益效果
本发明所述的包含SAC作为活性成分的组合物抑制幽门螺杆菌感染并且保护免受由幽门螺杆菌引起的胃损伤。因此,所述组合物可以用作抗幽门螺杆菌药物。
本发明所述的包含SAC作为活性成分的组合物预防并且治疗由盐酸-乙醇、阿司匹林或吲哚美辛(indomethacin)引起的胃黏膜损伤,并且因此有效用于预防、减轻或治疗胃肠病症。本发明所述的包含SAC作为活性成分的组合物可以用作药物组合物或食物组合物。
附图描述
本发明的上述和其他特征和优点将通过参考附图详细描述其示例性的实施方案而变得更清楚,在所述附图中:
图1显示整个测试期间对照组和实验组动物的平均体重,其中所有值显示为平均值;
图2A和2B显示在幽门螺杆菌感染后测量的S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸(SAC)对对照组和实验组动物的平均血清IgG抗体产生的影响,其中所有值显示为平均值和标准误差;**:P<0.01,并且*:P<0.05;
图3显示在完整的10周测试期间测量的SAC对对照组和实验组动物的平均血清TNF-α的影响,其中所有值显示为平均值和标准误差;
图4显示对照组和实验组动物的组织病理学变化;
图5显示对照组和实验组动物的组织病理学变化和嗜酸性粒细胞的数目,其中所有值显示为平均值和标准误差,**:P<0.01,并且*:P<0.05;
图6显示对照组和实验组动物的组织病理学变化(有丝分裂象),其中所有值显示为平均值和标准误差;
图7显示对照组和实验组动物的血清谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,GOT)水平,其中所有值显示为平均值和标准误差;
图8显示对照组和实验组动物的血清谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(glutamatepyruvate transaminase,GPT)水平,其中所有值显示为平均值和标准误差;
图9显示对照组和实验组动物的血清含铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(copperand zinc containing-superoxide dismutase,Cu/Zn-SOD)水平,其中所有值显示为平均值和标准误差;
图10显示SAC对由盐酸-乙醇诱发的大鼠胃损伤的长度的影响,其中**表示与赋形剂对照组G1的显著差异,p<0.01,G1:赋形剂对照组(蒸馏水),G2:100mg/kg SAC,G3:200mg/kg SAC,G4:400mg/kg SAC,和G5:阳性对照组(55.6mg/kg Stillen作为活性成分);
图11显示在盐酸-乙醇诱发的胃损伤的大鼠模型中的胃损伤的抑制率,其中**表示与赋形剂对照组G1的显著差异,p<0.01,G1:赋形剂对照组(蒸馏水),G2:100mg/kg SAC,G3:200mg/kg SAC,G4:400mg/kgSAC,和G5:阳性对照组(55.6mg/kg Stillen作为活性成分);
图12显示在盐酸-乙醇诱发的胃损伤的大鼠模型中的胃的照片,其中G1:赋形剂对照组(蒸馏水),G2:100mg/kg SAC,G3:200mg/kg SAC,G4:400mg/kg SAC,和G5:阳性对照组(55.6mg/kg Stillen作为活性成分);
图13显示SAC对由阿司匹林诱发的大鼠胃损伤的面积的影响,其中***表示与赋形剂对照组G1的显著差异,p<0.001,G1:赋形剂对照组(蒸馏水),G2:100mg/kg SAC,G3:200mg/kg SAC,G4:400mg/kg SAC,和G5:阳性对照组(55.6mg/kg Stillen作为活性成分);
图14显示在阿司匹林诱发的胃损伤的大鼠模型中的胃损伤抑制率;
图15显示在阿司匹林诱发的胃损伤的大鼠模型中的胃的照片;
图16显示SAC对吲哚美辛诱发的大鼠胃损伤的长度(length)的影响,其中*表示与赋形剂对照组G1的显著差异,p<0.05,G1:赋形剂对照组(蒸馏水),G2:100mg/kg SAC,G3:200mg/kg SAC,G4:400mg/kgSAC,和G5:阳性对照组(55.6mg/kg Stillen作为活性成分);
图17显示在吲哚美辛诱发的胃损伤的大鼠模型中的胃损伤抑制率;和
图18显示在吲哚美辛诱发的胃损伤的大鼠模型中的胃的照片。
发明模式
发明详述
以下,现在将参考附图更充分地描述本发明,其中显示了本发明的示例性的实施方案。
包含S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸(SAC)的组合物具有极佳的抗幽门螺杆菌活性和胃黏膜保护作用。
本发明人已经发现,与没有施用幽门螺杆菌的阴性对照组小鼠相比,施用了幽门螺杆菌的阳性对照组小鼠具有显著更高的抗体效价(抗幽门螺杆菌IgG)(p<0.01),但是,施用了SAC和幽门螺杆菌的实验组较阳性对照组具有显著更少的幽门螺杆菌的IgG(图2A和2B)。该结果表明SAC具有抑制小鼠感染幽门螺杆菌的作用。本发明人还已经发现,在施用了幽门螺杆菌的阳性对照组小鼠中,TNF-α(其是与T细胞相关的炎性因子)的量增加,但是如果与幽门螺杆菌一起施用SAC,TNF-α的量减少(图3)。结果,可以看出,SAC抑制小鼠中由幽门螺杆菌感染引起的炎症。
为了观察SAC对由幽门螺杆菌感染引起的胃损伤的影响,将小鼠胃组织切片用苏木精和曙红染色(H&E染色)。结果,在施用了幽门螺杆菌的组中,观察到胃黏膜细胞的变性(denaturation)和固有层中的嗜酸性粒细胞浸润(图4),并且在感染了幽门螺杆菌的阳性对照组中浸润到胃黏膜上皮中的嗜酸性粒细胞的数目比未感染幽门螺杆菌的阴性对照组的多(p<0.01),但是在施用了SAC的实验组中,该数目显著减少(p<0.05,图5)。与阴性对照组相比,在幽门螺杆菌感染组中,表示细胞核进行细胞分裂的有丝分裂象的数目也增加,但是在施用SAC的组中减少(图6)。结果,可以看出可以通过SAC预防或治愈由幽门螺杆菌引起的胃损伤。
作为分析SAC对动物的血清生化水平的影响的结果,在未感染的阴性对照组中,谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)水平最低,并且施用SAC的组中的GOT和GPT水平低于阳性对照组(图7和8)。
测量血清中的含铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)水平,以观察SAC对氧化损伤的影响。结果,与未感染的阴性对照组相比,在幽门螺杆菌感染组中,Cu/Zn-SOD水平增加。然而,与幽门螺杆菌一起施用SAC的实验组的Cu/Zn-SOD水平高于施用幽门螺杆菌的阳性对照组(图9)。已经鉴定SAC增加由抗幽门螺杆菌感染的防御机制所表达的SOD。
另外,本发明人已经发现SAC对抑制大鼠中由药物施用引发的胃黏膜损伤具有显著的作用。在大鼠由盐酸-乙醇诱发的胃损伤中,与仅施用赋形剂的对照组相比,SAC表现出损伤的显著减少(图10和12),胃损伤抑制率(%)至约66%(图11)。与阴性对照组相比,SAC还表现出阿司匹林(图13-15)或吲哚美辛(图16-18)诱发的胃损伤的显著减少。在阿司匹林诱发的胃损伤中,SAC具有至约85%的胃损伤抑制率(%),而在吲哚美辛诱发的胃损伤中具有至约94%的胃损伤抑制率(%),这是与用作阳性对照组的Stillen相似或更好的胃黏膜保护作用。该结果表明,SAC对由各种因素引起的胃损伤具有多样性的胃黏膜保护作用。
本发明提供包含作为活性成分的SAC和药用载体的药物组合物,基于实验结果确定其具有抗幽门螺杆菌活性。
本发明提供包含作为活性成分的SAC和药用载体且具有胃黏膜保护作用的药物组合物。
本发明提供包含SAC作为活性成分且具有抗幽门螺杆菌活性和胃黏膜保护作用的食物组合物。
本发明提供抑制幽门螺杆菌感染和预防由幽门螺杆菌感染引起的胃损伤的方法,所述方法使用包含SAC作为活性成分的组合物。
本发明提供包含作为活性成分的SAC和药用载体的用于预防或治疗胃肠病症的药物组合物。
本发明提供包含SAC作为活性成分的用于预防或减轻胃肠病症的食物组合物。
除SAC之外,本发明所述的组合物可以进一步包含用于胃肠病症的治疗剂或抗幽门螺杆菌药剂。
本发明提供预防或治疗胃肠病症的方法,所述方法使用包含作为活性成分的SAC和药用载体的组合物。
幽门螺杆菌感染或胃肠病症在动物中也是常见的,并且因此本发明还提供用于动物的组合物。
按照本发明的实施方案可以应用所述组合物的胃肠病症包括慢性胃炎、急性胃炎、胃溃疡、胃癌、胃肠道出血、胃食管返流疾病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)、十二指肠炎(duodentis)、和十二指肠溃疡(duodenum ulcers),但不限于此。
抗幽门螺杆菌活性可以包括预防或治疗肝性脑病、动脉硬化、肝胆系统相关的疾病、荨麻疹、偏头痛、身材矮小症、不孕症、食物过敏症、慢性胃炎、急性胃炎、胃溃疡、胃癌、胃肠道出血、胃食管返流疾病(GERD)、十二指肠炎、或十二指肠溃疡,但不限于此。
在本实施方案所述的组合物中,可以使用SAC的药用盐或营养盐作为活性成分。该盐可以是酸加成盐或季铵盐。酸加成盐的实例包括无机酸加成盐和有机酸加成盐,无机酸加成盐如氯化物、氢溴化物、氢碘化物、硫酸盐和磷酸盐,有机酸加成盐如草酸盐、马来酸盐、延胡索酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、苯甲酸盐和甲磺酸盐(methanesolfonate)。季铵盐的实例是短链烷基卤化物,如碘代甲烷、溴代甲烷、碘乙烷和溴乙烷;短链烷基磺酸盐,如甲基甲磺酸盐和乙基甲磺酸盐;和短链烷基芳基磺酸盐,如甲基-对-甲苯磺酸盐。
SAC或其药用盐或营养盐可以以溶剂化物或水合物形式存在,并且因此SAC的溶剂化物或水合物或其药用盐或营养盐可以用作本实施方案的治疗性组合物的活性成分。
本文所用的SAC可以使用欧洲专利公布号EP 0429080A1中公开的方法由属于葱属的植物(如大蒜、象蒜(elephant garlic)、洋葱、或韭菜(scallion))制备,合成,发酵,或任何其他已知的方法制备。
作为活性成分的SAC、SAC的药用盐或营养盐、或其溶剂化物或水合物可以直接施用给患者。然而,可以施用包含一种或多种活性成分的组合物,或者也可以向患者施用通过将该活性成分与抗幽门螺杆菌药剂或治疗胃肠病症的药物混合而制备的组合制剂。
本发明提供配制成口服施用制剂、黏膜施用制剂、注射制剂、吸入制剂和外用制剂的药物组合物,但是所述制剂不限于此。口服施用制剂可以包括硬胶囊和软胶囊、片剂、混悬剂、散剂、缓释制剂(suspended-releaseformulations)、肠溶制剂、颗粒剂、油糖剂、微粒剂、丸剂、提取物、液体、芳香水、乳剂、糖浆、酏剂、流浸膏剂、浸煎剂、酊剂、加药醑剂和油浸剂,但不限于此。黏膜施用制剂可以是锭剂、口含片剂、舌下片剂、栓剂、和鼻内喷雾剂,但不限于此。注射制剂可以是皮下注射、肌内注射、静脉内注射和植入片剂,但不限于此。外用制剂可以是鼻滴剂、眼用溶液、耳用溶液、眼药膏、糊剂、泥敷剂、搽剂、洗液、喷雾剂、扑粉、和外用液体,但不限于此。
除了一种或多种活性成分之外,本实施方案所述的制剂可以进一步包含一种或多种惰性载体,例如,赋形剂,如淀粉、乳糖、羧甲基纤维素、和高岭土,粘合剂,如水、明胶、醇、葡萄糖、阿拉伯胶和黄蓍胶,崩解剂,如淀粉、糊精和藻酸钠,润滑剂,如滑石、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁和液体石蜡,和其他添加剂,如增溶剂。
SAC的日常剂量可以依据各种因素(如疾病的严重性、疾病的发作和患者年龄、病况和并发症)而变化。通常,成人的SAC日常剂量在1mg-10g的范围内,优选100mg-4g,更优选200-2,000mg的范围内。然而,对于具有严重症状或并发症的患者,日常剂量可以进一步增加以提高治疗功效。制剂可以以单次剂量施用或分成多个剂量每天施用2或3次。例如,一个或多个单位剂量制剂,每个包含200-500mg SAC,可以每天口服施用一次或两次,但是如果需要,可以调整施用。
如果本实施方案所述的组合物是食物组合物,则需要时,可以调整活性成分的量,例如,作为疾病预防或治疗食品或保健补充物。通常,在食品或饮料中的SAC的量可以在食品或饮料总重的0.0001-90重量%范围内,优选0.1-50重量%范围内。尽管在保健补充物中的SAC的量可以在上述范围内长期使用,但是由于该活性成分是安全的,该量可以增加。包含本实施方案所述的食物组合物的食品可以是肉、香肠、面包、巧克力、糖果、小吃、披萨饼、速食面条、口香糖、奶制品、汤、饮料(beverages)、茶、饮品(drinks)、酒和维生素,但不限于此。下文将参考下述实施例详细描述一个或多个实施方案。然而,这些实施例不意欲限制本发明的目的和范围。
实验实施例
I.SAC在感染幽门螺杆菌的动物中的作用
测试物质
S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸(SAC)购自TCI化学公司(TCI Chemical Co.)(东京,日本)。幽门螺杆菌为美国典型培养物保藏中心(American TypeCulture Collection,ATCC)43504(cagA+,vacA s1-ml型),并且在5%CO2微需氧条件下,以1X109CFU/ml的浓度在Mueller Hinton-琼脂肉汤中在37℃培养48小时。
测试动物
使用8周龄无特异性病原体(SPF)的雄性C57BL/6小鼠。在Kyungbook国立大学兽医医药学院病理学系的动物实验室中(Animal Lab,Department of Pathology,the College of Veterinary Medicine,KyungbookNational University)测量小鼠重量。然后,将小鼠分成4组,并且喂养,以使每组的平均重量彼此相似。将小鼠在Kyungbook国立大学兽医医药学院病理学系的动物实验室中通过自动温度和湿度控制系统在22±3℃的温度、50±10%的相对湿度下以12小时光照(在08:00开灯且在20:00关灯)进行适应和喂养。在整个测试期间不考虑使用可能影响测试的其他喂养环境。小鼠自由获取固体实验食物(PMI Nutrition International,505North 4th Street Richmond,In 47374,USA)并用水瓶给予过滤的自来水。
测试组和施用
将8周龄的雄性C57BL/6小鼠分成4组,即,阳性对照组(对其施用幽门螺杆菌;PC),阴性对照组(对其施用盐水;NC),实验组1(对其施用幽门螺杆菌和200mg/kg SAC;SAC1),和实验组2(对其施用幽门螺杆菌和400mg/kg SAC;SAC2)。每组具有10只小鼠。将白色粉末状SAC稀释在自来水中至浓度为20mg/mL和40mg/mL,并且对SAC1和SAC2组小鼠口服施用10μl/g(体重)的稀释的SAC,每周三次共10周。整个测试期间,小鼠自由获取自来水。幽门螺杆菌用盐水收集至浓度1x109CFU/mL,并且自SAC施用后2周,每只小鼠口服施用0.2mL稀释的幽门螺杆菌8周。在感染前小鼠禁食8小时,并且在施用幽门螺杆菌前10分钟每只小鼠施用0.15mL 0.2M的碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3),以中和由于禁食产生的酸化胃。对NC组施用相同量的盐水替代感染物质。对所有组的小鼠喂食正常的食物。10周测试期间后,对所有小鼠进行解剖,并且收集血液和内脏器官样品用于组织病理性分析。测试按照下述过程进行。
统计学方法
使用独立样品t检验来检验获得的数据的统计学显著性。使用SPSS14.OK进行统计学分析,并且认为小于0.05的p-值是显著性的。
实验实施例1.SAC对体重的影响
在整个10周测试期间,每周三次测量感染幽门螺杆菌的雄性C57BL/6小鼠的体重,以观察小鼠的体重变化。在所有组中,除了在幽门螺杆菌感染和获取血清鉴定感染时体重略微暂时减轻之外,小鼠体重逐渐增加(图1)。NC组的体重增加率为31.3%,PC组、SAC1组和SAC2组的体重增加率分别为28.9%,26.9%,和28.7%。PC组的体重增加率比NC组的体重增加率低2.4%,SAC1组的体重增加率比PC组的体重增加率低2%,SAC2组的体重增加率比PC组的体重增加率低0.2%。尽管SAC2组的体重增加率比SAC1组的体重增加率高1.8%,但是将该结果视为是不显著的,并且因此幽门螺杆菌感染和测试物质没有显著影响体重变化。
实验实施例2.SAC对血清抗-幽门螺杆菌(抗-幽门螺杆菌IgG)抗体形成能力的影响
方法
使用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)来鉴定SAC对血清抗-幽门螺杆菌抗体形成能力的影响。在小鼠中,使用口服感染的幽门螺杆菌ATCC 43504和特异性生产重组毒素VacA的幽门螺杆菌作为抗原。将它们添加在96孔微量培养板中分别至1μg/孔和10ng/孔的浓度用于分析,并且将微量培养板保持在4℃进行包被。去除上清,并且向微量培养板中添加封闭缓冲液(1%脱脂奶)以抑制不必要的反应,并且将微量培养板维持在37℃1小时。向其中添加10μl所有组的小鼠血清,并且维持在37℃2小时。将微量培养板用包含吐温20的Tris缓冲液洗涤,并且向微量培养板中加入结合辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的抗小鼠IgG作为二次抗体。然后,将微量培养板维持在37℃1小时。然后,以相同方式洗涤后,向其中添加100μl包含3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)的发光试剂和相同量的H2O2的混合物,并且将微量培养板维持在暗条件下。结果,在30分钟内鉴定显色。向其中添加100μl 0.2M硫酸终止反应,并且在450nm测量吸光度。
结果
作为测量血清中抗-幽门螺杆菌IgG抗体水平的结果,鉴定在施用了幽门螺杆菌的PC组、SAC1组和SAC2组中产生了针对幽门螺杆菌的抗体(抗-幽门螺杆菌IgG),并且在没有施用幽门螺杆菌的NC组没有产生该抗体(图2A和2B)。同时,在SAC1和SAC2组中抗-幽门螺杆菌IgG的抗体效价低于PC组,并且SAC2组中的抗体效价显著低于SAC1组。因此,以SAC浓度依赖性方式抑制针对幽门螺杆菌的抗体的产生(图2A)。另外,以与抗-幽门螺杆菌IgG相同的方式抑制针对产生毒素VacA的幽门螺杆菌的抗体(抗-s1ml VacA IgG)的产生(图2B)。结果,鉴定SAC以浓度依赖性方式抑制幽门螺杆菌感染。
实验实施例3.SAC对血清TNF-α的影响
方法
为了观察SAC对血清中的炎性因子TNF-α的作用,使用商购的小鼠TNF-α抗体分析试剂盒微量培养板(R&D systems Inc.,美国),并且按照试剂盒的手册测量小鼠血清中TNF-α的浓度。
结果
当与NC组比较时,在施用幽门螺杆菌的组中,TNF-α值增加(p<0.1)。SAC1和SAC2组的TNF-α低于PC组(p<0.09)(图3)。结果,鉴定SAC在小鼠中抑制由幽门螺杆菌感染引起的炎症。
实验实施例4.SAC对由幽门螺杆菌引起的胃组织学改变的影响
方法
在由幽门螺杆菌感染引起并且存在8周测试期间的损伤中,在雄性C57BL/6小鼠幽门螺杆菌感染模型中观察胃的组织病理性改变。将胃样品用10%福尔马林固定,并且形成石蜡块。将石蜡块切成具有4μm厚度的切片,并且将切片用苏木精-曙红染色(H&E染色)并且使用光学显微镜进行观察。双重检验整个胃中的所有病理学特征,如细胞损伤的严重性、浸润的嗜酸性粒细胞的数目和有丝分裂象的数目。另外,检验来自食道和胃连接的区域的嗜酸性粒细胞的数目,并且在胃的三个区域(即,贲门、胃小凹和粘膜固有层的胃隐窝)计数。在选自从贲门到幽门的完整窦的两个区域计数有丝分裂象数目。因此,从每只动物获得两份样品,并且用400倍放大率进行评估,计算每组的平均值。
结果
作为H&E染色的结果,在所有组中观察到嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润和有丝分裂象的数目。在胃粘膜固有层中发现大量嗜酸性粒细胞,并且观察到浸润到胃黏膜上皮中的嗜酸性粒细胞(图4)。与NC组相比较,在幽门螺杆菌感染组中,嗜酸性粒细胞的数目显著增加(p<0.01,图5B)。另一方面,SAC1和SAC2组中的嗜酸性粒细胞的数目低于PC组,并且特别地,SAC1组中的嗜酸性粒细胞的数目显著低于PC组(p<0.05,图5B)。与NC组相比较,在感染幽门螺杆菌的组中,有丝分裂象的数目也增加。即使在PC组、SAC1组和SAC2组之间不存在显著差异,但是在SAC2组中的有丝分裂象的数目稍微减少。在各种先前的研究中,已经报道了由幽门螺杆菌感染引起的胃中的嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的增加。由SAC导致的嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的减少表明SAC对由幽门螺杆菌感染引起的胃损伤具有保护作用。
实验实施例5.SAC对幽门螺杆菌感染小鼠模型中血清学参数的影响
作为分析血清谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)(其为与总损伤有关的指标)的结果,PC组表现出最高的GOT水平。尽管SAC1和SAC2组与PC组没有显著差异,但是SAC1和SAC2组的GOT水平低于PC组(p<0.08,图7)。
作为分析血清谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)(其为与肝损伤相关的指标)的结果,PC组表现出最高的GPT水平。尽管SAC1和SAC2组与PC组没有显著差异,但是SAC1和SAC2组的GOT水平低于PC组(图8)。
实验实施例6.测量血清Cu/Zn-SOD水平
方法
在整个10周测试期间,在雄性C57BL/6小鼠幽门螺杆菌感染模型中观察SAC对含铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)的作用,含铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)是血清中的抗氧化酶。在这方面,使用超氧化物歧化酶活性测定试剂盒(BioVision,Mountain View,CA,USA)。混合20μl血清和200μl WST工作溶液作为底物。向其中添加20μl酶工作溶液,并且将混合物维持在37℃20分钟。在450nm测量吸光度。以上述相同方式进行对照反应,不同在于向其中添加20μl蒸馏水替代血清。计算SOD活性(抑制率%)。
结果
SAC1和SAC2组的Cu/Zn-SOD水平分别比PC组高约4%和约3%。观察到SAC2组的Cu/Zn-SOD水平略微低于SAC1组。因此,鉴定SAC促进由抗幽门螺杆菌感染的防御机制产生的SOD的表达。
II.SAC在具有药物引起的胃损伤的动物中的胃黏膜保护作用
在具有由盐酸-乙醇、阿司匹林或吲哚美辛诱发的胃损伤的动物中评估SAC的胃黏膜保护作用。
测试物质
SAC购自TCI化学公司(TCI Chemical Co.)(东京,日本)。使用注射用无菌水(Model No.73H5F21,Dae Han Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.)作为赋形剂,使用Stillen作为阳性对照物质。0.5%CMC-Na和注射用无菌水用作Stillen的赋形剂。盐酸购自Samjung Chemical,Co.,乙醇购自Baker,Co.,阿司匹林购自Sigma,Co.,吲哚美辛购自Sigma,Co.。
测试动物
将7至8周龄的无特异性病原体(SPF)的雄性HsdKoat:Sprague-Dawley TM SD TM大鼠(7周龄雄性大鼠的体重在208.44至227.39g范围内,并且8周龄的雄性大鼠体重在223.85至245.03g范围内,购自Koatech,Co.Ltd.,Gyunggido,韩国)在动物实验室中隔离并且适应7天。在Gyeonggi Bio-中心的动物实验室中,在温度233℃,5515%相对湿度,12小时光照(在08:00开灯,在20:00关灯),同时空气通风10-20次/小时,喂养大鼠。在整个测试期间,不考虑使用可能影响测试的其他喂养环境。大鼠自由获取由Folas International供应的固体实验食物(Harlan Co.Ltd.,USA.Teklad验证的通用18%蛋白啮齿动物食物(Tekladcertified global 18%protein rodent diet),2918C)。按照食物组成证明书的分析,不存在可能对测试具有不利作用的成分或污染物。大鼠自由获取用UV灭菌器和水瓶的微滤器灭菌的自来水。
测试组和施用
将大鼠分成:仅施用赋形剂的赋形剂对照组G1,施用100mg/kg SAC的实验组G2,施用200mg/kg SAC的实验组G3,施用400mg/kg SAC的实验组G4,和施用100mg/kg作为阳性对照物质的Stillen(55.6mg/kg活性成分)的阳性对照组G5。每组包括8只盐酸-乙醇诱发的动物模型中的大鼠(实验实施例7),包括6只在阿司匹林诱发的动物模型(实验实施例8)和在吲哚美辛诱发的动物模型(实验实施例9)中的大鼠。
表1
[表1]
G1:赋形剂对照组
G2至G4:施用SAC的实验组
G5:施用阳性对照物质的阳性对照组
a):活性成分的剂量
使用装有口服施用探头的注射管,将测试物质以单次剂量每天一次直接施用至胃。
在每个组中都没有动物死亡,没有观察到任何其他变化,并且在施用时和在整个测试期间,没有观察到关于SAC施用的显著体重变化。
统计学方法
使用单向变量分析(One-way ANOVA)验证赋形剂对照组与实验组和施用阳性对照物质的实验组的比较。在这方面,接受显著性和同方差性,并且因此使用Duncan检验进行post-doc检验。当p<0.05时,接受显著性,并且使用SPSS 10.1。
实验实施例7.在盐酸-乙醇诱发的胃损伤动物模型中SAC对胃损伤长度的影响和胃损伤抑制率
方法
施用测试物质。1小时后,对每只大鼠口服施用1.5ml在60%乙醇中的150mM HCl。施用乙醇和SAC的大鼠在不锈钢饲养笼中禁食禁水1小时。自施用盐酸-乙醇1小时后,在醚麻醉下处死大鼠,并且分离它们的胃,包括十二指肠和食道部分。胃的内部立即用13ml 2%中性缓冲的福尔马林冲洗,并且用镊子固定十二指肠和食道部分。然后,向其中加入13ml 2%中性缓冲的福尔马林,并且保持5分钟进行固定。切开每个胃的最大弯曲,固定到解剖板上,并且展开,以用游标卡尺测量胃损伤的长度。拍照展开的胃的照片(图12),并且将胃用10%中性缓冲的福尔马林固定。
结果
按照该胃损伤模型,乙醇直接刺激胃黏膜,在黏膜下的肌肉层诱发水肿,从而引起暂时性的缺血状况,因此由于氧化损伤诱发细胞坏死,并且盐酸直接刺激胃黏膜并且加速胃运动从而引起急性胃炎。就总的发现来说,在整个胃黏膜上观察到损伤,并且在排成长线上观察到出血。自施用盐酸-乙醇1小时后,通过尸体解剖鉴定赋形剂对照组大鼠在整个胃黏膜上具有损伤(209.60±28.39mm)。施用200mg/kg SAC的实验组(106.65±16.70mm,p<0.01)、施用400mg/kg SAC的实验组(72.25±19.33mm,p<0.01)、和施用Stillen的阳性对照组(102.51±11.35,p<0.01)表现出较赋形剂对照组显著更少的损伤(参见图10和12)。
胃损伤抑制率(%)=(赋形剂对照组的平均长度-每只动物的胃损伤长度)/赋形剂对照组的平均长度X 100。施用200mg/kg SAC的实验组(41.12±7.97%,p<0.01)、施用400mg/kg SAC的实验组(65.53±9.22%,p<0.01)、和施用Stillen的阳性对照组(51.09±5.41%,p<0.01)较赋形剂对照组表现出显著更高的胃损伤抑制率(%)(参见图11)。
实验实施例8.在阿司匹林-诱发的胃损伤动物模型中SAC对胃损伤面积和胃损伤抑制率的影响
方法
将大鼠在正常环境中禁食超过24小时,施用测试物质,并且在30分钟后,口服施用在0.15mol/L HCl中的200mg/kg阿司匹林。自阿司匹林施用3小时后,大鼠在醚麻醉下处死,并且分离它们的胃,包括十二指肠和食道部分。通过注射12ml 2%福尔马林,将胃固定10分钟。切开每个胃的最大弯曲,并且展开,拍照胃粒状区的照片,并且用图片分析仪测量损伤的面积。
结果
表2
[表2]
按照该胃损伤模型,非类固醇类抗炎药阿司匹林抑制保护胃壁的前列腺素的合成,由此引起胃溃疡。在整个胃黏膜上观察到损伤,并且以纯粹的形式观察到出血。在阿司匹林施用后,通过尸体解剖鉴定,赋形剂对照组大鼠在整个胃黏膜上具有出血和损伤(215.3±48.35mm2)。施用100mg/kg SAC的实验组(68.6±25.94mm2)、施用200mg/kg SAC的实验组(31.4±16.99mm2)、施用400mg/kg SAC的实验组(32.5±29.78mm2)和阳性对照组(32.5±28.09mm2)较赋形剂对照组表现出显著更少的损伤(参见图13和15)。
胃损伤抑制率(%)=(赋形剂对照组的平均面积-每只动物的胃损伤面积)/赋形剂对照组的平均面积X 100。施用100mg/kg SAC的实验组(68.2%)、施用200mg/kg SAC的实验组(85.4%)、施用400mg/kg SAC的实验组(84.9%)、和阳性对照组(84.9%)较赋形剂对照组表现出显著更高的胃损伤抑制率(%)(参见图14).
实验实施例9.在吲哚美辛诱发的胃损伤动物模型中SAC对胃损伤面积的影响和胃损伤抑制率
方法
将大鼠在正常环境中禁食超过24小时,施用SAC,并且30分钟后口服施用在蒸馏水中的25mg/kg吲哚美辛。自吲哚美辛施用后6小时,将大鼠在醚麻醉下处死,分离它们的胃,包括十二指肠和食道部分。通过注射12ml 2%福尔马林,将胃固定10分钟。切开每个胃的最大弯曲,并且展开,拍照损伤的照片,然后用图片分析仪测量损伤的面积。
结果
表3
[表3]
按照该胃损伤模型,非类固醇类抗炎药吲哚美辛抑制保护胃壁的前列腺素的合成,由此引起胃损伤。在胃黏膜上观察到局部损伤,并且观察到出血。在吲哚美辛施用后,通过尸体解剖鉴定,赋形剂对照组大鼠具有面积为7.6±5.85mm2的损伤。在施用100mg/kg SAC的实验组中,损伤面积为3.2±3.47mm2,其比赋形剂对照组的面积小一半以上。施用200mg/kgSAC的实验组(0.5±0.30mm2)、施用400mg/kg SAC的实验组(0.4±0.36mm2)、和阳性对照组(3.4±2.75mm2)表现出较赋形剂对照组显著更少的损伤。特别地,施用200mg/kg和400mg/kg SAC的实验组表现出轻微的胃损伤,并且没有出血(图16和18).
以与实验实施例8相似的方式计算胃损伤抑制率(%)。施用100mg/kgSAC的实验组(57.9%)、施用200mg/kg SAC的实验组(93.8%)、施用400mg/kg SAC的实验组(94.4%)、和阳性对照组(55.2%)较赋形剂对照组表现出显著更高的胃损伤抑制率(%)。特别地,鉴定如果施用200mg/kg以上的SAC,可能完全抑制胃损伤(参见图17)。
制备实施例
制备下述包含SAC作为活性成分的各种制剂。
制备实施例1.制备片剂
SAC 200mg
乳糖50mg
淀粉10mg
硬脂酸镁适量
将上述成分混合并且用已知方法压片以制成片剂。
制备实施例2.制备散剂
SAC 250mg
乳糖30mg
淀粉20mg
硬脂酸镁适量
将上述成分混合,并且填装在用聚乙烯包被的纸剂(chartula)中,并且将纸剂密封以制备散剂。
制备实施例3.制备胶囊
SAC 500mg
乳糖30mg
淀粉28mg
硬脂酸镁适量
将上述成分混合,并且用已知方法填装在明胶硬胶囊中以制备胶囊。
制备实施例4.制备混悬剂
SAC 50mg
异构化的糖10g
糖30mg
羧甲基纤维素钠100mg
柠檬调味剂适量
包括纯净水的总体积100ml
将上述成分混合,并且用已知方法制备混悬剂,并且将混悬剂填装在100ml棕色瓶中并且灭菌。
制备实施例5.制备软胶囊(以一个软胶囊的量)
SAC 500mg
聚乙二醇400 400mg
浓缩的甘油55mg
纯净水35mg
将聚乙二醇和浓缩的甘油混合,并且向其中加入纯净水。向其中加入黄酮,同时将混合物保持在约60℃,将混合物用搅拌器以约1,500rpm搅拌。将混合物冷却至室温,同时缓慢搅拌,用真空泵去除气泡,以制备软胶囊的内容物。使用本领域已知的明胶和增塑剂制备软胶囊的涂层。使用已知方法,用132mg明胶,52mg浓缩的甘油,6mg 70%二山梨醇溶液和适量的乙基香草醛(作为调味剂)和加拿巴蜡(作为涂层基质)制备一个软胶囊。
制备实施例6.制备注射剂
SAC 200mg
甘露醇180mg
注射用无菌蒸馏水2974mg
Na2HPO412H2O 26mg
使用已知方法制备具有上述成分的样品。
制备实施例7.制备饮料
SAC 0.01g
柠檬酸8.5g
白糖10g
葡萄糖2.5g
DL-苹果酸0.3g
纯净水适量
将上述成分和适量的纯净水混合至总体积100mL,并且搅拌,以使用已知方法制备饮料。
尽管已经参照示例性实施方案具体显示和描述了本发明,但是本领域普通技术人员应该理解,在不背离由后附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围前提下,可以在其中进行形式和细节的各种改变。
Claims (11)
1.一种药物组合物,其包含S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸、S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸的药用盐、或其溶剂化物或水合物作为活性成分,并且具有抗幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)活性。
2.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述抗幽门螺杆菌活性包括预防或治疗肝性脑病、动脉硬化、肝胆系统相关的疾病、荨麻疹、偏头痛、身材矮小症、不孕症、食物过敏症、慢性胃炎、急性胃炎、胃溃疡、胃癌、胃肠道出血、胃食管返流疾病、十二指肠炎、或十二指肠溃疡的活性。
3.一种用于预防或治疗胃肠病症的药物组合物,其包含S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸、S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸的药用盐、或其溶剂化物或水合物作为活性成分。
4.权利要求3的药物组合物,其中所述胃肠病症选自由下列各项组成的组:慢性胃炎、急性胃炎、胃溃疡、胃癌、胃肠道出血、胃食管返流疾病、十二指肠炎、和十二指肠溃疡。
5.一种药物组合物,其包含S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸、S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸的药用盐、或其溶剂化物或水合物作为活性成分,并且具有胃黏膜保护作用。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的药物组合物,其中所述S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸从属于葱属(Allium genus)的植物分离并且纯化,合成或通过发酵制备。
7.一种药物制剂,其包含权利要求1-5中任一项的组合物,所述药物制剂选自由下列各项组成的组:口服施用制剂,黏膜施用制剂,注射制剂、吸入制剂、和外用制剂。
8.权利要求7的药物制剂,其中所述口服施用制剂选自由硬胶囊和软胶囊、片剂、混悬剂、散剂、缓释制剂、肠溶制剂、颗粒剂、油糖剂、微粒剂、丸剂、提取物、液体、芳香水、乳剂、糖浆、酏剂、流浸膏剂、浸煎剂、酊剂、加药醑剂和油浸剂组成的组。
9.一种食物组合物,其包含S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸、S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸的盐、或其溶剂化物或水合物作为活性成分,并且具有抗幽门螺杆菌活性或胃黏膜保护作用。
10.一种用于预防、减轻或治疗胃肠病症的食物组合物,其包含S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸、S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸的盐、或其溶剂化物或水合物作为活性成分。
11.权利要求10的食物组合物,其中所述胃肠病症选自由下列各项组成的组:慢性胃炎、急性胃炎、胃溃疡、胃癌、胃肠道出血、胃食管返流疾病、十二指肠炎、和十二指肠溃疡。
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KR10-2009-0090232 | 2009-09-23 | ||
PCT/KR2010/006506 WO2011037411A2 (en) | 2009-09-23 | 2010-09-20 | Composition comprising s-allyl-l-cysteine as active ingredient for preventing or treating gastrointestinal disorders |
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CN110709076A (zh) * | 2017-06-07 | 2020-01-17 | 花王株式会社 | 氨代谢促进剂 |
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KR101320945B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-03 | 2013-10-23 | 주식회사파마킹 | 에스-알릴-엘-시스테인을 유효성분으로 포함하는 대장염 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 의약제제 |
KR101495607B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-02-24 | 한국식품연구원 | S-아릴 시스테인을 유효성분으로 함유하는 비만으로 유도된 염증 치료용 조성물 |
KR101346139B1 (ko) * | 2013-06-20 | 2013-12-31 | (주)새롬바이오 | 과포화 염 용액을 이용한 흑마늘 및 흑양파의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용한 지질 대사 및 간 기능 개선용 조성물 |
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RU2533268C2 (ru) | 2014-11-20 |
EP2480226B1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
ES2553592T3 (es) | 2015-12-10 |
WO2011037411A2 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
US20140024716A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
JP2013505292A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
CN102573829B (zh) | 2018-06-29 |
EP2480226A4 (en) | 2013-02-27 |
KR20110032641A (ko) | 2011-03-30 |
JP5904943B2 (ja) | 2016-04-20 |
RU2012116110A (ru) | 2013-11-20 |
WO2011037411A3 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
KR101188746B1 (ko) | 2012-10-11 |
US20120196936A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
EP2480226A2 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
RU2014119666A (ru) | 2015-11-20 |
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