CN102550361A - Method for regulating growth conditions of Rhus chinensis to increase yield of Galla chinensis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for regulating growth conditions of Rhus chinensis to increase yield of Galla chinensis, which is characterized in that according to biological characteristics and gall-causing mechanism of Gall aphid and growth rhythm of host trees, reasonable timely trimming is performed to regulate the growth conditions of the host trees so as to dwarf the trees, increase branch levels and form a composite crown canopy which has rich branches and leaves and is ventilative, light-permeable and proper in density, fruiting time of Galla Chinensis is brought forward, and fruiting amount of Galla chinensis is increased. The method has the advantages of scientificity, reasonableness, simplicity, high operability, evidence in yield increase, high benefits and the like, can be used for scientifically and efficiently achieving high and stable yield and intensive operation of Rhus chinensis woods, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Description

The regulation and control of Chinese sumac growth potential increase the method for gall nut output

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation technology of economic forest, especially a kind of Chinese sumac growth potential regulation and control increase the method for gall nut output.

Background technology

Gall nut is that some aphid of goiter sponge Aphididae colonizes on Chinese sumac, redpunjab sumac root, the blue or green bran Poplar leaves, stimulates leaf texture's hyperplasia to expand and the general name of the various insect galls that form, is the important woods special product article of China and the commodity of exporting goods and earning foreign currency.Gall nut is not only a kind of important Chinese medicine; And be the primary raw material of producing chemical products such as tannic acid, gallic acid and pyrogallic acid, of many uses in industries such as medicine, chemical industry, weaving, mining and metallurgy, agricultural, food, environmental protection, light industry and electronics.China's gall nut output accounts for more than 95% of Gross World Product, and, amount high, of fine quality with tannic acid content is world-famous for greatly, is called as " Chinese gall nut " (Chinensis Gallnuts).Can form gallic aphid and have 14 kinds; Corresponding to 14 kinds of gall nuts; Wherein angle times aphid (Schlechtendalia chinensis) is to utilize maximum kinds on gall nut produces; Accounting for about 75% of gall nut gross yield by its angle that forms times output, is the gall nut kind of tool economic worth, decisive role on producing.

Gallic formation must possess a times aphid, summer host tree, winter host moss three elements and adapt circumstance condition; Because three kinds of biologies are different to the requirement of environmental condition; Can satisfy the local and few of three kinds of biological growths under the natural conditions simultaneously,, also have only those comparatively dark and damp even in the gall nut main producing region; Can satisfy the subenvironment of times aphid and host plant growth simultaneously, could tie doubly naturally.Therefore, the output of wild times of woods is very low and unstable, obtain higher and stable output, must pass through artificial culture.Traditional breeding method is paid attention to the cultivation to aphid, but the growth of host tree is paid attention to inadequately, thinks as long as woodland has a times aphid, regardless of times growing state of tree, can tie gall nut.In production practices, exist the situation of " pay attention to aphid and cultivate, ignore doubly tree growth ".Gallic summer host tree Chinese sumac is that speed is given birth to intolerant tree species, and natural sprouting ability is strong, and shoot growth is vigorous, occurs usually in 1 year summer and autumn taking out the tip 2 times, and branch length can reach 2-3 rice.Long too high branch has increased the distance of creeping that fundatrix is climbed the tree, and the fundatrix lethality increases, and the quantity of gall nut reduces; Vigorous nourishing and growing also consumes a large amount of nutrition, and lower floor's branches and leaves formation is shaded, and causes a knot times blade to drop in advance, and gall nut output reduces.Usually occur such situation in the production, with a slice times woods, it is widely different to tie efficiency-timed fruit, and what have hangs up 1 worm bag and on average can tie a times 0.2-0.3 kilogram, and several 10 the worm bags that hang up that have are only tied several gall nuts; Same plot, the efficiency-timed fruit difference of knot between year border is also very big, and in the time of good time and difference, yield per unit area differs tens of times, is difficult to accomplish stable high yield.These situation most with the growth of ignoring times woods and manage relevant, not in place to the management of doubly setting, not only affect times performance of woods economic benefit, also restricted further applying of gall nut artificial breeding technique.

In fact, gallic growth must be satisfied " worm, tree, moss " three elements and adapt circumstance condition simultaneously, and four is indispensable.Select suitable times forest land to satisfy the demand of environment, planting the foster aphid of moss provides the aphid of sufficient amount, if there be not well-grown times of tree, still is difficult to obtain high yield.Therefore on production technology, need to consider every possible angle, take into account the growth needs of " worm, tree, moss ", form and the enforcement technology that forms a complete production network, could realize gallic stable high yield.

Summary of the invention

The present invention proposes the method that gall nut output improves in the regulation and control of a kind of Chinese sumac growth potential, is the growth potential through the regulation and control host tree, and making the knot times time shift to an earlier date, tie the multiple amount increases, thereby improves gallic output, gives full play to the economic benefit of times woods.Technical scheme of the present invention realizes through following steps:

(1) selects leaf wing broad, the parasitic Chinese sumac kind of suitable times aphid to make host tree, carry out seed seedling-raising or get the root turion seedling;

(2) transplant preceding nursery stock is pruned surely and do, decide 50-60 centimetre of trunk height; The density of nursery stock in the seed seedling-raising time control seedling garden is removed the thin and weak nursery stock of growth, makes the nursery stock stem sturdy, and well developed root system goes out garden afforestation behind the 2-3;

(3) winter-spring season is got the Chinese sumac seedling, presses conventional method along the prepare for afforestation of mountain shape cross band shape, pure forest seeding row spacing 1.5-2 rice; Every mu of 200-300 strain, farming times intercropping or mixed friendship times woods seeding row spacing 2-2.5 rice, every mu of 120-160 strain; Nursery stock is pruned the branch of new sprouting after becoming alive sprouting new buds in good time, and control one-level number of branch is 3-5; Length 40-50 centimetre, hat width of cloth 1.5-2.5 rice, the height of tree is below 2 meters; When the secondary side shoot is sprouted, prune once more by same method;

(4) hanging up sexuale then in right amount or supporting aphid times woods interplantation moss after the afforestation increased times aphid quantity in the woods, in times woods, hung up sexuale in a large number since the 2nd year;

(5) Chinese sumac is carried out twice pruning, summer pruning when gall nut forms and arrive shaping during the phase, will be tied a times branch top and cut, and keep knot times compound leaf and top 2-3 sheet compound leaf thereof; Wipe out the lateral bud of not knot branch, sick branch leaf, overstocked branches and leaves and excessive growth doubly etc., the control shoot growth, reducing damage by disease and insect takes place; Winter pruning is when leaf has fallen, when arboreal growth gets into resting stage; To branch go close stay thin, go high short covering, control side shoot progression is the 3-4 level, length is 40-50 centimetre; The height of tree is below 2 meters, forms leafy many, the ventilation and penetrating light of branch, the moderate irregular forest of density is preced with structure;

(6) at gall nut ripe preceding about 1 month, select more, the no direct light of upper strata vegetation, more dark and damp but microhabitat not ponding is planted moss;

(7) when the gall nut surface color yellow by green commentaries on classics gradually, when the gall nut physical maturity explosion about 5% is arranged in times woods, the gall nut of gathering.Stay during harvesting 5% left and right sides stature more greatly, the gall nut of explosion not as yet, treat the gall nut explosion, have the wing autumn to move aphid to migrate and pluck again after finishing.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: gallic host tree-Chinese sumac is carried out rational pruning; Regulate and doubly set growth potential; Build leafy many, the ventilation and penetrating light of branch, the moderate irregular forest of density is preced with; Promote parasitism and the gall nut of aphid to grow, make doubly to set and tie ahead of time doubly, improve gall nut storage rate and yield per unit area.

The present invention is through the fine-grained management to host tree; Cooperate the moss garden to support the aphid technology; Realized " plant trees then, then knot doubly, next year high yield " target; Have scientific and reasonable, method is easy, workable, characteristics such as effect of increasing production is obvious, benefit height, is applicable to that times woods pure forest or mixed forest build, application suits large area to popularize.The present invention is not only applicable to the cultivation of Chinese sumac woods (angle times woods), is applicable to the cultivation of redpunjab sumac root woods (iron times woods) and blue or green bran poplar times woods (tripe times woods) yet.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the Chinese sumac trimming and finishing sketch map among the present invention.

Embodiment

Enforcement of the present invention comprise plant that moss ground is selected, the construction of moss garden, aphid are cultivated, the spring move aphid collect with deposit, times tree-pruning and shaping, worm bag hang up and gall nut series matching method such as gather:

(1) planting moss ground selects: in the gall nut main producing region, select the microhabitat of the above mosses host of the being fit to growth in two places, plant moss and support aphid, the height above sea level of two places differs 200-300 rice, and the height above sea level of lower is more or less the same with the plot height above sea level that plan hangs up the worm bag.The righttest area doubly, angle is a 600-1200 rice, if doubly the forest land is positioned at 800 meters, then plants moss ground and can be chosen in about 800 meters and 1000 meters, moves that aphid migrates and the fundatrix time of occurrence has 3-6 days difference the spring that could guarantee the two places cultivation like this.

(2) construction of moss garden is cultivated with aphid: times moss kind that the selection of aphid kind is different based on intending cultivation is planted, and angle doubly type selection side shoot crawl lamp moss, a tripe times class selects U.S. hypnum moss, iron doubly to attach dried moss or goat's horn moss in class selection East Asia.Generally in the gall nut explosion preceding about the 30 days time of mosses plantations, plantation too early is prone to long assorted moss, plants that the moss branch growth is not enough too late, is unfavorable for the parasitism of aphid.Side shoot crawl lamp moss was planted early autumn, and all the other mosses were planted summer.When the ripe explosion of gall nut, will there be the wing autumn to move aphid or summer and moves aphid and transfer on the corresponding moss garden, let the wing migrans give birth to if aphid, on the moss branch, form the wax ball and survive the winter or spend the summer and survive the winter.

(3) times tree-pruning and shaping: the purpose of pruning is the height growth of control trees, increases the quantity of side shoot, promotes the growth of the tender tip, more parasitic place is provided for a times aphid fundatrix, shortens the creep distance of fundatrix on branch.Prune usually in the winter time that trees carried out in resting stage, the control number of branch is 3-5, length 40-50 centimetre, and hat width of cloth 1.5-2.5 rice, the height of tree is below 2 meters, forms leafy many, the ventilation and penetrating light of branch, the moderate irregular forest of density is preced with structure.

(4) spring is moved the aphid collection: in spring next year, surviving the winter if the aphid back becomes dirty-green on the moss branch climbs out of from the wax ball, shows to be about to turn into alatae.On the moss garden, build this moment and receive the aphid canopy, utilize the phototaxis of aphid, the spring that collections such as employing plastic film are migrated is moved aphid, and the spring of packing into moves in the aphid packaging bag, general every packed about 100.Because the difference of accumulated temperature, the aphid of low height above sea level migrates earlier, migrates behind the aphid of high height above sea level, and the phase of migrating generally differed 3-6 days.

(5) spring moves aphid and deposits: the spring moves aphid and in the worm bag, gives birth to female, male aphid, and the male aphid of post-coitum is dead, and female aphid continues to grow 15-20 days, gives birth to fundatrix.For there is difference sooner or later the time that lets fundatrix occur, and the time that fundatrix occurs is consistent with the time of host tree sprouting.A kind of method is the spring that different altitude height is collected to be moved aphid separately deposit in low height above sea level place, because the spring moves aphid and migrated time phase difference 3-6 days, also corresponding the differing 3-6 days of time that occur of fundatrix then.Another kind method is the spring of hanging down the collection of height above sea level moss garden to be moved aphid deposit in low height above sea level and two places of high height above sea level respectively, because the difference of two places accumulated temperature, through 25-40 days growth, then the time of fundatrix appearance also had 3-6 days difference.

(6) the worm bag hangs up: when having fundatrix to occur in the worm bag, standardized mouthful in worm bag side, immediately the worm bag is hung up on the host tree; The general every strain of little tree is hung 1 bag; The more tree of big tree or side shoot is hung bag respectively below side shoot, let fundatrix climb to the tender tip from the worm bag along limb and get food, forms gall nut.The worm bag of low height above sea level hangs up earlier, and after 3-6 days, when fundatrix occurring in the worm bag of high height above sea level, by same method the 2nd extension bag on host tree, fundatrix is climbed the tree at twice like this, and the knot times number of blade can be increased to the 2-8 sheet from the 1-4 sheet.

(7) times tree-pruning after tying doubly: through 25-30 days, gall nut formed the shaping phase that also arrives, and the top of tying times branch is cut, and keeps knot times compound leaf and top 2-3 sheet compound leaf thereof.Can control the undue growth of vegetative shoot on the one hand, nutriment is concentrated on the knot times branches and leaves, prevent that blade from dropping in advance; Can alleviate the weight of the tip of a branch on the other hand, prevent that branch from fractureing, lodging, improve the gall nut storage rate.Wipe out the lateral bud of not knot branch, sick branch leaf, overstocked branches and leaves and excessive growth doubly etc. simultaneously, nourishing and growing of control branch reduces damage by disease and insect and takes place.

(8) gall nut is gathered: the principle of gathering is " adopt ripe times, adopt doubly and reserve seed for planting ".Gather after the maturation, directly pluck gall nut or pluck, reduce and pluck, forbid plucking tender times, folding skill and pluck or the harvesting that chops at a tree the doubly damage of tree together with compound leaf.Adopt doubly and reserve seed for planting, stay enough times aphids, for the high yield in the coming year lays the foundation at woodland.

Concrete embodiment

In the recessed villager of Niu Zhai township, Yanjin County, Yunnan Province Xinhua village's pear group, 2009 in two places of 810 meters of height above sea level with 1020 meters, set up angle times aphid respectively and cultivate and put 450 and 260 square metres, and the moss kind is a side shoot crawl lamp moss.The Chinese sumac times quality of stand is in 810 meters and 1020 meters, and area is respectively 6.5 mu and 8 mu.

(1) planting moss ground selects: the middle part, hillside fields, cheuch both sides of doubly growing at suitable angle; Selection soil is two of medium, the leeward moistening crop lands of sandy loam, thickness; Height above sea level is respectively 810 meters and 1020 meters; The rock of appearing is on a small quantity arranged on the arable land, and reaching on the field bund near ploughing has the mosses apposition growth.

(2) moss kind plantation: utilize the field bund slope or on the level land ridging plant moss, the moss kind is a side shoot crawl lamp moss.Early and middle ten days plantation in August, top-pour is permeable in the plot earlier, and moss kind branch is torn into 1-2 centimetre moss section, evenly is implanted in Tu Mianshang, and bat is tight compact, and the 80-100 centimeters covers sunshade net, Routine Management above the moss garden.

(3) autumn is moved the aphid bulk storage: when after the gall nut maturation during natural explosion, the gall nut of explosion is placed near the moss garden, shading is taken shelter from rain, and lets alatae migrate naturally on the moss garden.For tripe times aphid, can collect alatae in the indoor phototaxis of aphid of utilizing, with chicken feather aphid is pulled out on the moss garden again, can prevent that the secondary of aphid from migrating, improve parasitic rate.The requirement of aphid moss management mainly is suitable humidity and certain scattered light.

(4) pruning of times woods and shaping: Chinese sumac times woods is plantation in 2007; Trees resting stage in annual winter is to carrying out trimming and finishing; The control number of branch is 3-5, length 40-50 centimetre, and hat width of cloth 1.5-2.5 rice; The height of tree is below 2 meters, forms leafy many, the ventilation and penetrating light of branch, the moderate irregular forest of density is preced with structure.

(5) spring is moved the aphid collection: in February next year, surviving the winter if the aphid back becomes dirty-green on the moss branch climbs out of from the wax ball, shows to be about to turn into alatae.On the moss garden, build this moment and receive the aphid canopy, utilize the phototaxis of aphid, the spring that collections such as employing plastic film are migrated is moved aphid, and the spring of packing into moves in the aphid packaging bag, about 100 every bag.Because the difference of accumulated temperature, the aphid of low height above sea level migrates earlier, migrates behind the aphid of high height above sea level, and the phase of migrating generally differed 3-6 days.Two local spring of collecting are moved the dry place of room ventilation that aphid is separately deposited in 810 meters height above sea level, preserved 25-40 days, in the worm bag, fundatrix occurs.

(6) hang up sexuale: late April, to sprout the tender tip that when Chinese sumac and 3-5 sheet compound leaf occurs, when beginning to have fundatrix to occur in the worm bag, standardized mouth hangs up Chinese sumac trunk bottom with the worm bag on the worm bag, fixes with staple.The worm bag of low height above sea level hangs up earlier, after 3-6 days, when fundatrix occurring in the worm bag of high height above sea level, by same method the 2nd extension bag on host tree, can see gall nut after 15-20 days, and the average knot times number of blade is the 2-8 sheet.

(7) pruning after tying doubly: late May, the gall nut on the compound leaf began to be shaped, and will tie a times branch top and cut, and keeps knot times compound leaf and top 2-3 sheet compound leaf thereof to early June.Wipe out and do not tie branch doubly, sick branch leaf, overstocked branches and leaves etc., remove near the lateral bud of the excessive growth of sheared edge later on successively, the growth of control branch.Times tree branches and leaves after the pruning is unfolded, ventilation and penetrating light, and the height growth of branches and leaves is effectively controlled, and the compound leaf blade is plump, and color is dark green, phenomenon do not occur dropping in advance.

(8) gall nut is gathered: before the ripe explosion of 10 gall nuts in the first tenday period of a month, and the gall nut of gathering.Because the height of tree is controlled at below 2 meters, free-handly just can pluck gall nut, the efficient of gathering improves greatly, and very little to gall nut, the damage of doubly setting.

From 2010 to 2011, continuous 2 years of resource insect institute, the scientific and technical personnel of Yanjin County State Forestry Administration, P.R. China carried out sample investigation to knot times situation, and the result shows: 4.5 of the average knot times numbers of blade have increased by 40% than conventional method; Sample on the spot through the scene and survey to produce, 2 annual per mu yield commodity doubly are 78 kilograms and 85 kilograms, and with times woods comparison that routine is hung bag technique, output has increased by 42% and 46% respectively, has realized the target of stable high yield.And the locality adopts a times woods average yield per mu of once hanging bag only to be respectively 55 kilograms and 58 kilograms.

Claims (1)

1. Chinese sumac growth potential regulation and control increase the method for gall nut output, it is characterized in that step is following:

(1) selects leaf wing broad, the parasitic Chinese sumac kind of suitable times aphid to make host tree, carry out seed seedling-raising or get the root turion seedling;

(2) transplant preceding nursery stock is pruned surely and do, decide 50-60 centimetre of trunk height; The density of nursery stock in the seed seedling-raising time control seedling garden is removed the thin and weak nursery stock of growth, makes the nursery stock stem sturdy, and well developed root system goes out garden afforestation behind the 2-3;

(3) winter-spring season is got the Chinese sumac seedling, presses conventional method along the prepare for afforestation of mountain shape cross band shape, pure forest seeding row spacing 1.5-2 rice; Every mu of 200-300 strain, farming times intercropping or mixed friendship times woods seeding row spacing 2-2.5 rice, every mu of 120-160 strain; Nursery stock is pruned the branch of new sprouting after becoming alive sprouting new buds in good time, and control one-level number of branch is 3-5; Length 40-50 centimetre, hat width of cloth 1.5-2.5 rice, the height of tree is below 2 meters; When the secondary side shoot is sprouted, prune once more by same method;

(4) hanging up sexuale then in right amount or supporting aphid times woods interplantation moss after the afforestation increased times aphid quantity in the woods, in times woods, hung up sexuale in a large number since the 2nd year;

(5) Chinese sumac is carried out twice pruning, summer pruning when gall nut forms and arrive shaping during the phase, will be tied a times branch top and cut, and keep knot times compound leaf and top 2-3 sheet compound leaf thereof; Wipe out the lateral bud of not knot branch, sick branch leaf, overstocked branches and leaves and excessive growth doubly etc., the control shoot growth, reducing damage by disease and insect takes place; Winter pruning is when leaf has fallen, when arboreal growth gets into resting stage; To branch go close stay thin, go high short covering, control side shoot progression is the 3-4 level, length is 40-50 centimetre; The height of tree is below 2 meters, forms leafy many, the ventilation and penetrating light of branch, the moderate irregular forest of density is preced with structure;

(6) at gall nut ripe preceding about 1 month, select more, the no direct light of upper strata vegetation, more dark and damp but microhabitat not ponding is planted moss;

(7) when the gall nut surface color yellow by green commentaries on classics gradually, when the gall nut physical maturity explosion about 5% is arranged in times woods, the gall nut of gathering.

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