CN102523779B - Method for reusing saline-alkali waste cultivated land to grow plants - Google Patents
Method for reusing saline-alkali waste cultivated land to grow plants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reusing saline-alkali waste cultivated land to grow plants, comprising the following steps of: (1) digging grooves and holes, ensuring length according to terrain, setting slight gradient at the bottom of the grooves, and arranging a water outlet at a lower place; (2) building a water discharge groove at the end of the water outlet; (3) digging a water return pool at the head of the land, reflowing redundant water in the grooves and holes, and storing the water in the water return pool; (4) isolating the saline-alkali waste cultivated land from the matrix by an agricultural greenhouses film at the bottom and the periphery of the grooves and holes, or paving furnace clinker at the bottom of the grooves and holes, and isolating the periphery of the grooves and holes by the agricultural greenhouses film; (5) the proper matrix has mixture of pearlstone, vermiculite and silver sand, mixture of furnace clinker, danty and coal ash, mixture of exotic soil and straw fermented substrate and exotic soil of the mixture, respectively filling the matrix into the different grooves and holes; (6) applying compound fertilizer and diamine with fixed quantity before the plants are grown, and topdressing urea and diamine with fixed quantity at twice at the fruiting period of the plants; (7) irrigating by means of trickle irrigation by a drip tape; (8) ridging, film paving and growing when the plants are grown; and (9) leading the grooves and holes to have a certain gap, and replacing the surfaces of the grooves and holes with the straw fermented substrate, so that the influence of the saline alkali to the matrix is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil agrochemistry field, particularly a kind of method of saline and alkaline old-field recycling kind of plant.
Background technology
The salinization of soil is a global resource and ecological problem.At present, whole world saline soil area is about 1,000,000,000 hectares, and wherein China's saline soil area is about 3,460 ten thousand hectares, 7,600,000 hectares of tilth salinizations, and nearly 1/5 ploughs there is salinization of soil; Wherein primary salinization type, secondary salinization type and various alkalization type distribute and account for respectively 52%, 40% and 8% of the gross area; Because administering the secondary salinization soil area of being not good at causing, present cumulative year after year trend.Saline and alkaline harm cause a large amount of in, low-yield land and peasant poor, make large area soil resource be difficult to utilize, overall productivity in agriculture declines, and badly influences the raising of agricultural production and life of farmers level.Spreading of arable soil salinization of soil, effectively controls and positive control measures if can not get, certainly will be by restriction China's agricultural sustainable development and improvement of the ecological environment.
Saline land is as a kind of ecological resources, whole world every country all drops into a large amount of human and material resources at present, financial resources resist saline and alkaline improvement, various alkaline land improving technology are put into effect in succession, as Pakistani researcher, to have invented a kind of method simple, cost is low, the improving technology that risk is little, and seeds before seeding is done pre-treatment one seed soaking, seed soaking can improve percentage of seedgermination, promotes the growth of crop under problem soils condition; It is that metabolism (physiology and chemistry) is carried out in a kind of permission before germination, but the embryo's that do not grow controlled hydration process and again dry run, this technology has improved the output of saline land plantation wheat.
Still the saline land that has 80% left and right not to be developed in China, is distributed in arid, semiarid zone mostly; In decades, country's tissue has dropped into a large amount of man power and materials transformation has been implemented in saline land, along with the development of modern science and technology technology, actively innovate and the technical products that is exclusively used in soil melioration developed puts goods on the market, and obtained in actual applications certain effect.Commercially available standing grain health saline-alkali soil conditioner, the Kang Dibao of Ru China, execute composite fertilizer Ru Dan road, good and various saline land microbial organic fertilizer etc.Also have and adopt various improving technologies to use in different regions, as the Xinjiang in " saline land all " adopts vertical shaft mostly, Ningxia adopts the technology mode of " drip irrigation+ridge culture+overlay film "; Set up respectively and adopted fresh water, salt water drip irrigation technique to utilize the technical system in saline land.Also have Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province to utilize natural sea-water on the seabeach of newly enclosing and cultivating, to plant salt tolerant sea water vegetable etc.But because commercially available commodity exist price comparison high, kind is relatively less, therefore be not able to penetration and promotion application; And traditional remodeling method has certain limitation, be difficult to suppress the salinization of soil problem of soil; Therefore, try to explore, develop, improve and utilize saline and alkaline old-field, the technical measures of prevention Secondary Saline, and a kind of method that proposes saline and alkaline old-field recycling kind of plant has important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
Aim of the present invention technical problem to be solved is cannot discharge for saline and alkaline, tradition ameliorative measure is not suitable for again, cause saline land by no longer cultivated problem, and a kind of method of saline and alkaline old-field recycling kind of plant is provided, to improve the environment of plant growth on saline and alkaline old-field.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions;
A method for saline and alkaline old-field recycling kind of plant, concrete steps comprise:
(1), grooving cave: can determine groove cave length according to actual landform, along the length direction gradient slightly, design a delivery port at the pocket of bottom land in the bottom of groove;
(2), build rhone: rhone is built in the delivery port one end in groove cave;
(3), dig back pool: at the edge of a field, dig a back pool, the superfluous water backflow in groove cave is stored in back pool;
(4), groove cave isolation: in bottom, groove cave and surrounding adopt canopy film to cover saline and alkaline old-field and matrix are isolated, or spread the thick slag of 8-10cm in bottom, groove cave, surrounding is isolated saline and alkaline old-field and matrix with canopy film; While adopting slag isolation, the matrix of filling must be the mixture of soil moved in to improve the original and straw decomposing thing;
(5), filling substrate: the matrix of suitable the method is that perlite, vermiculite, fine sand mix by a certain percentage, mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1～2: 1.5: 1, slag, weathered coal, flyash mix by a certain percentage, mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1～2: 1.5: 1, the mixture of soil moved in to improve the original and straw decomposing thing, mixed proportion is 1: 1～3: 1; Soil moved in to improve the original is advisable to fill up groove cave ridging; Above-mentioned matrix is filled in different groove caves respectively;
(6), apply fertilizer: plant plant and go to and in groove cave, apply composite fertilizer and diamines 29.9～37.5g/m
2; At crop fruiting period, impose urea and diamines twice, the amount of imposing is 15～22.4g/m at every turn
2;
(7), irrigate band is set: lay irrigate band, carry out drip irrigation irrigation;
(8), plastic film mulch plantation: carry out the plantation of ridging plastic film mulch when crop-planting:
(9), groove cave spacing: groove cave spacing is 50～70cm, and this part saline-alkali soil top layer is approximately replaced with straw decomposing thing at 5～10cm place.
Remarkable result of the present invention is:
1) method of the present invention, owing to adopting, in the no longer cultivated soil of former salinization of soil, isolate, for crop provides new growing environment, thereby reduced the impact of original salinized soil on plant growth, can make the crop of planting from the not raw saline and alkaline old-field of grass normally emerge and to grow up;
2) method of the present invention, adopt the irrigation method of back pool and irrigate band, can make too much salinity in new crop growth environment dissolve gradually with the current of irrigating, then from rhone, the salinity dissolving be drained, thereby reduce the salt content in new crop growth environment;
3) method of the present invention, the matrix of employing is the mixture of soil moved in to improve the original, soil moved in to improve the original and straw decomposing thing; Soil moved in to improve the original can improve the physical property in saline land, has the effect that presses down salt, pouring salt, presses alkali and increase soil fertility can make the new soil environment salt content for plant growth be reduced to the degree of unlikely damage to crops growth; The mixture of soil moved in to improve the original and straw decomposing thing, can change saline and alkaline soil property, promotes soil fertility, and the alkalescence of buffering soil, makes it to be conducive to the growth of vegetables, obtains the harvest same good with general plot;
4) method of the present invention, has effectively utilized land resources, and passes through planting vegetable, play the effect that recycles saline and alkaline old-field, allowed salt affected soil become renewable resources, improved the mankind's production living environment, economy is environmental protection again, has good development prospect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described
A method for saline and alkaline old-field recycling kind of plant, comprises the steps:
(1), grooving cave, wide 50cm, dark 35cm, length can determine according to actual landform, at trench bottom, along the length direction gradient slightly, at the pocket of bottom land, designs a delivery port, prevents groove internal water accumulation.
(2), in the delivery port one end in groove cave, build rhone.
(3), at the edge of a field, dig a back pool, the superfluous water in groove cave refluxes and stores into this back pool, to recycle.
(4), in groove cave bottom and surrounding adopt canopy film to cover saline and alkaline old-field and matrix are isolated, or spread the thick slag of 8-10cm in bottom, groove cave, surrounding is isolated saline and alkaline old-field and matrix with canopy film; While adopting slag isolation, the matrix of filling must be the mixture of soil moved in to improve the original and straw decomposing thing; Because slag and straw decomposing thing all have the effect that reduces soil salt, therefore adopt this isolation technique can play the effect of duplicate protection matrix.
(5), the matrix of suitable the method has four kinds, matrix one, perlite, vermiculite, fine sand mix by a certain percentage, mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1～2: 1.5: 1; Matrix two, slag, weathered coal, flyash mix by a certain percentage, and mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1～2: 1.5: 1; Matrix three, the mixture of soil moved in to improve the original and straw decomposing thing, mixed proportion is 1: 1～3: 1; Matrix four, soil moved in to improve the original, salt alkali content is low, and the loam of suitable crop growth is advisable to fill up groove cave ridging; Need respectively four kinds of described matrix to be filled in different groove caves, to crops, create an environment new, suitable growth.
(6), planting plant goes to and in groove cave, applies composite fertilizer and diamines 29.9g/m
2～37.5g/m
2; At crop fruiting period, impose urea and diamines twice, the amount of imposing is 15g/m at every turn
2～22.4g/m
2.
(7), lay irrigate band, carry out drip irrigation irrigation.
(8), when crop-planting, carry out the plantation of ridging plastic film mulch.
(9), groove cave spacing is 50～70cm, and this part saline-alkali soil top layer is approximately replaced with straw decomposing thing at 5～10cm place, to reduce this part salinization of soil, in protector cave, matrix is not subject to saline and alkaline impact.
Effect example is as follows:
Embodiment 1
Adopt vermiculite+perlite+fine sand+canopy film to cover isolation
Host material: vermiculite, perlite, fine sand
Matrix ratio: perlite: vermiculite: fine sand=1: 1: 1; 1: 1.5: 1; 1.5: 1: 1
Crop varieties: eggplant, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish
Apply fertilizer: plantation is gone to and in groove cave, applied diamines and each 35g/m of composite fertilizer
2; After field planting, impose twice diamines and each 15g/m of composite fertilizer
2
Implementation method: community specification is 900cm * 50cm, repeats for three times, and drip irrigation is irrigated.Each repeats eggplant 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Capsicum 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Tomato 10 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Pumpkin 6 strains, 50cm (spacing in the rows) * 20cm (line-spacing); Radish 6 strains, 30cm * 20cm.After crop-planting, carry out Routine Management, on a small quantity drip irrigation repeatedly.Investigate weekly crop biology characteristic, after crop is gathered, add up respectively output.In plantation, eggplant, tomato plant height are moderate, and pumpkin plant development is better, and leaf growth presents yellow green in earlier stage, annesl after topdressing, and bearing capacity is good.
Result of implementation sees the following form:
Embodiment 2
Adopt slag+weathered coal+flyash+canopy film to cover isolation
Host material: slag, weathered coal, flyash
Matrix ratio: slag: weathered coal: flyash=1: 1: 1; 1: 1.5: 1; 1.5: 1: 1
Crop varieties: eggplant, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish
Apply fertilizer: plantation is gone to and in groove cave, applied diamines and each 32.5g/m of composite fertilizer
2; After field planting, impose twice diamines and each 17g/m of urea
2
Implementation method: community specification is 900cm * 50cm, repeats for three times, and drip irrigation is irrigated.Each repeats eggplant 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Capsicum 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Tomato 10 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Pumpkin 6 strains, 50cm (spacing in the rows) * 20cm (line-spacing); Radish 6 strains, 30cm * 20cm.After crop-planting, carry out Routine Management, on a small quantity drip irrigation repeatedly.Investigate weekly crop biology characteristic, after crop is gathered, add up respectively output.In plantation, eggplant, tomato plant height are moderate, and pumpkin plant development is better, and leaf growth presents yellow green in earlier stage, annesl after topdressing, and bearing capacity is good.
Result of implementation sees the following form:
Embodiment 3
Adopt soil moved in to improve the original+straw decomposing thing+canopy film to cover isolation
Host material: soil moved in to improve the original, straw decomposing thing
Matrix ratio: soil moved in to improve the original: straw decomposing thing=3: 1
Crop varieties: eggplant, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish
Apply fertilizer: plantation is gone to and in groove cave, applied diamines, each 35g/m of composite fertilizer
2; After field planting, impose twice diamines and each 20g/m of urea
2
Implementation method: community specification is 900cm * 50cm, repeats for three times, and drip irrigation is irrigated.Each repeats eggplant 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Capsicum 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Tomato 10 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Pumpkin 6 strains, 50cm (spacing in the rows) * 20cm (line-spacing); Radish 6 strains, 30cm * 20cm.After crop-planting, carry out Routine Management, on a small quantity drip irrigation repeatedly.Investigate weekly crop biology characteristic, after crop is gathered, add up respectively output.In plantation, the eggplant of this test, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish survival rate are higher, and eggplant, tomato plant strain growth are good, and plant is high, and pumpkin plant development is good, and blade presents green, and fruit is large.
Result of implementation sees the following form:
Embodiment 4
Adopt soil moved in to improve the original+canopy film to cover isolation
Host material: soil moved in to improve the original, to fill up groove cave ridging, be advisable
Crop varieties: eggplant, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish
Apply fertilizer: plantation is gone to and in groove cave, applied diamines, each 36.5g/m of composite fertilizer
2; After field planting, impose twice diamines and each 21.5g/m of urea
2
Implementation method: community specification is 900cm * 50cm, repeats for three times, and drip irrigation is irrigated.Each repeats eggplant 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Capsicum 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Tomato 10 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Pumpkin 6 strains, 50cm (spacing in the rows) * 20cm (line-spacing); Radish 6 strains, 30cm * 20cm.After crop-planting, carry out Routine Management, on a small quantity drip irrigation repeatedly.Investigate weekly crop biology characteristic, after crop is gathered, add up respectively output.In plantation, the eggplant of this test, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish survival rate are high, and eggplant, tomato plant strain growth are good, and plant is high, and pumpkin plant development is good, and blade presents green, and result fruit is large.
Result of implementation sees the following form:
Embodiment 5
Adopt the ridge culture of slag+soil moved in to improve the original+film
Host material: slag, soil moved in to improve the original
Slag thickness: 15cm
Crop varieties: eggplant, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish
Apply fertilizer: plantation is gone to and in groove cave, applied diamines, each 37g/m of composite fertilizer
2; After field planting, impose twice diamines and each 22g/m of urea
2
Implementation method: community specification is 900cm * 50cm, repeats for three times, and drip irrigation is irrigated.Each repeats eggplant 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Capsicum 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Tomato 10 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Pumpkin 6 strains, 50cm (spacing in the rows) * 20cm (line-spacing); Radish 6 strains, 30cm * 20cm.After crop-planting, carry out Routine Management, on a small quantity drip irrigation repeatedly.Investigate weekly crop biology characteristic, after crop is gathered, add up respectively output.In plantation, the survival rate of the eggplant of this test, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish is high, and eggplant, tomato plant strain growth are good, and plant is high, and pumpkin plant development is good, and blade presents green, and result fruit is large.
Result of implementation sees the following form:
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments; All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation form, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. saline and alkaline old-field recycling is planted a method for plant, it is characterized in that: the step of the method comprises:
(1), grooving cave: can determine groove cave length according to actual landform, along the length direction gradient slightly, design a delivery port at the pocket of bottom land in the bottom of groove;
(2), build rhone: rhone is built in the delivery port one end in groove cave;
(3), dig back pool: at the edge of a field, dig a back pool, the superfluous water backflow in groove cave is stored in back pool;
(4), groove cave isolation: in bottom, groove cave and surrounding adopt canopy film to cover saline and alkaline old-field and matrix are isolated, or spread the thick slag of 8-10cm in bottom, groove cave, surrounding is isolated saline and alkaline old-field and matrix with canopy film; While adopting slag isolation, the matrix of filling must be the mixture of soil moved in to improve the original and straw decomposing thing;
(5), filling substrate: the matrix of suitable the method is that perlite, vermiculite, fine sand mix by a certain percentage, mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1～2: 1.5: 1, slag, weathered coal, flyash mix by a certain percentage, mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1～2: 1.5: 1, the mixture of soil moved in to improve the original and straw decomposing thing, mixed proportion is 1: 1～3: 1, and soil moved in to improve the original is advisable to fill up groove cave ridging, above-mentioned matrix is filled in different groove caves respectively;
(6), apply fertilizer: plant plant and go to and in groove cave, apply composite fertilizer and diamines 29.9～37.5g/m
2; At crop fruiting period, impose urea and diamines twice, the amount of imposing is 15～22.4g/m at every turn
2;
(7), irrigate band is set: lay irrigate band, carry out drip irrigation irrigation;
(8), plastic film mulch plantation: carry out the plantation of ridging plastic film mulch when crop-planting;
(9), groove cave spacing: groove cave spacing is 50～70cm, and this part 5～10cm place, saline-alkali soil top layer is replaced with straw decomposing thing.
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| CN103999708A (en) * | 2014-06-07 | 2014-08-27 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Arched cultivation pool capable of preventing accumulation of salt in surface soil |
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| CN106171738A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Film-covering planting technology irrigated by a kind of salt-soda soil Fructus Lycii ditch |
| CN107041217A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-08-15 | 河海大学 | Implantation methods on a kind of ridge |
| CN111528073A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-14 | 宿迁市设施园艺研究院 | Soil salinization improvement method |
| CN115968728A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-04-18 | 潍坊科技学院 | Method for planting taste-type tomatoes in saline-alkali soil |
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