CN103858657B - Dry farming cultivation method for amaranthus hypochondriacus in moderate-severe saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Dry farming cultivation method for amaranthus hypochondriacus in moderate-severe saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103858657B CN103858657B CN201410135327.XA CN201410135327A CN103858657B CN 103858657 B CN103858657 B CN 103858657B CN 201410135327 A CN201410135327 A CN 201410135327A CN 103858657 B CN103858657 B CN 103858657B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a dry farming cultivation method for amaranthus hypochondriacus in moderate-severe saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps of soil preparation before seeding, desalination, base fertilizer application, high-density wide and narrow row spacing summer seeding, planting and the like. According to the method, before a rainy season comes, cultivated land is prepared into a field piece which is slightly inclined by three degrees to five degrees, ridges are arranged around the field piece, and salt-leaching is carried out through the first moderate rain in May to June (or the field of each mu is irrigated with water of 40m＜3＞); after the rain, base fertilizer of 500 kg to 1000 kg is spread over the field per mu, and deep ploughing and seeding are carried out; mixtures formed by evenly and properly mixing seeds and fine sandy soil are adopted, the seeds of 0.6 kg to 1.0 kg are sown in strip per mu, and wide and narrow row spacing sowing in strip (wide row spacing ranges from 40 cm to 60 cm, and narrow row spacing ranges from 20 cm to 30 cm) is preferably adopted as the strip sowing mode. The seeding depth is 1.5 cm to 2 cm, and the row spacing after thinning is 5 cm to 10 cm. According to the method, full stand can be achieved in the dry farming saline-alkali soil with high salt content (the salinity ranges from 0.3 percent to 0.8 percent), uniform seedling emergence can be guaranteed, the problem of large-area ridge breaking and seedling lack in the saline-alkali soil without irrigation conditions is solved, and the biological yield is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, it is specifically related to heavy salinized ground prince's-feather dry farming cultivation side in one kind
Method.
Background technology
Currently, the soil salinization has become as a global problem.According to estimates, the salinized soil in the whole world is every year with 100
Ten thousand ~ 1,500,000 hm2Speed increase.Salinized soil is distributed widely in country of more than 100, the world, and area accounts for the 10% of Global land area
Left and right.There are all kinds of salt-soda soil 3.0 × 108hm in China2, account for the 7% of state-owned cultivated area, many of which area freshwater resources lack
Weary.Because freshwater resources lack, some areas deep phreatic water has formed large underground area funnel because of over-extraction, the many salt water of shallow seated groundwater
It is difficult by, the serious sustainable development restricting and have impact on agricultural.In population increase, land deterioration, economic development, ecological safety
Multiple pressure under, how effectively modified utilization salt-soda soil is significant.
Prince's-feather, also known as Grain Production of Amaranthus, seed Gorgon euryale, grain amaranth or amaranth rice, is Amaranthaceae Amaranthus annual herb plant, is a kind of
Grain, raise, dish and view and admire dual-purpose, nutritious high-yield crop.Prince's-feather branch power of regeneration is strong, is suitable to repeatedly cradle, cradles
Afterwards newborn branch is gone out by axillary bud sprouting, mushroom out and yield positive results again.In prince's-feather seed lysine content be equivalent to little
The twice of wheat, can supplement the deficiency of cereal crops lysine as food nutrition adding ingredient by 3 times of corn.Prince's-feather is biological
Yield is big, and dry matter content is high, can green grass or young crops raise, ensiling and modulation hay powder, as the animal husbandry forage grass such as cowboying, pig, sheep.Prince's-feather
Growth is rapid, breeding is fast, be of high nutritive value, adaptable, can carry out popularizing planting in barren low-yield land, not with other farmings
Thing strives ground.But, traditional cultivation technique does not adapt to arid, barren, saline and alkaline, the hardened soil characteristic in salt-soda soil, prince's-feather
Salt-soda soil is planted experimentally generally existing emergence rate low, lack monopolization seedling, emerge after seedling percent low, prince's-feather yield low one is
Row problem, limits the spread of prince's-feather.
In terms of salt-soda soil plantation prince's-feather, Chinese scholars have carried out numerous studies, but common, and prince's-feather can be
Ph7 ~ 7.5, normal growth on the slight alkaline land of 0.2 ~ 0.3% salinity.Research (the beach saline land ridge culture mould of Zhuan Shunrao etc.
The impact that formula grows to Grain Production of Amaranthus) prince's-feather can be made by way of ridge culture to be 8.4 in ph, specific soil conductivity 0.415(about phase
When in salinity be 0.51%) coastal saline-alkali ground normal growth, but all do not have research for its emergence rate, survival rate.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one kind can be heavy salinized ground dry farming cultivation in 0.3 ~ 0.8% in salinity
The method of prince's-feather, for solving the problems such as plant emergence rate in traditional cultivation method is low, survival rate is low and biological yield is poor, and
The method of the present invention can reduce the salinity in salt-soda soil, plays the role of improved soil further.
Technical scheme includes following part:
Heavy salinized ground prince's-feather dry farming cultivation method in one kind, comprises following step:
(1) soil treatment before sowing
Site preparation: before wet season of summer, level land, consolidation is become four sides to have the field of ridge, described field one
The ridge in face is provided with gap, and the area of described field is 15 ~ 20m2；
Drench salt: drench salt using natural precipitation or man-made irrigation, after terminating, field is remained water and draw；Described man-made irrigation is every
Mu irrigates 30 ~ 50m3Fresh water；
Fertilising: drench 3 ~ 5 days after salt, basal dressing simultaneously ploughs deeply 25 ~ 30cm, and level land after fertilising；The applying of described base manure
Consumption meets: makes the amount of application of potassium element reach 90 ~ 200 kg/hm2, the amount of application of nitrogen reaches 180 ~ 400 kg/hm2, phosphorus
The amount of application of element reaches 180 ~ 400 kg/hm2；
(2) high density summer sowing
Seed in advance carries out proportioning mixing with thin sand and soil according to volume ratio 1:1, in May to carrying out drilling by the end of June；Described bar
The application rate broadcast is 9 ~ 18kg seed/hm2, depth of planting is 1.5 ~ 2cm, and line-spacing is 20 ~ 60cm；
(3) it is colonized
7 ~ 15 days after emerging, carry out thinning, the spacing in the rows of an after seedling is 5 ~ 10cm.
Further, the field angle of inclination described in the step (1) of the present invention is 3 ~ 5 °, and the length of described gap is
0.5~0.8m.
Further, the base manure described in the step (1) of the present invention is fertilizer and/or chemical fertilizer.
Further, in fertilizer of the present invention, total nutrient is not less than 4%, and the content of organic matter is 30% ~ 35%.
Further, the application rate described in the step (2) of the present invention is 12 ~ 15 kg seeds/hm2.
Further, the drilling described in the step (2) of the present invention is wide-and narrow-row drilling, and wide row line-spacing is 40 ~ 60cm, narrow
Every trade is away from for 20 ~ 30cm.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
Deficient, the salt-soda soil of non-irrigated condition for earth's surface, fresh groundwater, one aspect of the present invention passes through smooth plot, applies
With base manure, coordinate rainy season to drench salt or sow after irrigating, reduce the salt content in soil；On the other hand the mu passing through to increase seed is used
Amount, and make drilling after seed and fine sand mixing, improve the emergence rate of prince's-feather and the uniformity of sowing；Apply base manure also may be used simultaneously
With improved soil, and it is supplied to nutrient needed for prince's-feather growth and avoids it that overgrowing lodging occurs.When using wide-and narrow-row drilling,
Both ensured that prince's-feather had enough growing spaces, and mitigated the Salt Strees Condition pressure of prince's-feather root system again, thousand fringes can be improved further
The survival rate of paddy and biological yield.The invention provides a set of be particularly suitable in heavy salinized ground Techniques in Dry-farming Areas (salinity
For 0.3 ~ 0.8%) plantation prince's-feather method, improve crop emergence rate it is ensured that prince's-feather high-yield culturing.The method of the present invention
It is less than 8.7 in soil ph, it is optimal that surface soil salinity content is less than using effect in 0.6% area.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that different base manure process on the impact of prince's-feather plant height；
Fig. 2 is the block diagram that different base manure process to prince's-feather yield effect；
Fig. 3 is that different base manure process the block diagram that 0 ~ 20cm Water-soluble salts are divided with content impact；
Fig. 4 is that different base manure process the block diagram that 20 ~ 40cm Water-soluble salts are divided with content impact；
Fig. 5 is the block diagram that different base manure process on soil ph impact.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiments and the drawings, the present invention is described in more detail.
Embodiment 1
As a example the salt-soda soil experimental plot of Cangzhou City Haixing County, heavy salinized ground prince's-feather dry farming cultivation side in being discussed in detail
Method.
The ph value of Cangzhou City Haixing County salt-soda soil experimental plot soil is 8.1, and salinity is 0.34%, and soil experimental field becomes
Divide analysis in table 1.
Table 1
(1) soil treatment before sowing
Site preparation: before wet season of summer, level land, consolidation is become four sides to have the field of ridge, described ridge
While being provided with the gap of 0.5m length, the area of described field is 15m2, the field gradient be 3 °.
Drench salt: using first time in June moderate rain (measuring and calculating about 40 m3Fresh water) drench salt, field is remained water after terminating and introduces by rainfall
Gutter；
Fertilising: drench the 5th day after salt, apply fertilizer 800kg/ mu, plough deeply 25cm, and level land；The fertilizer applied
Total nutrient is more than 4%(wherein full n 1.38%, full p 1.62%, full k 1.31%), organic 32%；
(2) high density summer sowing
Seed is mixed with 1:1 proportioning with thin sand and soil in advance, carries out wide-and narrow-row drilling within 12nd in June；The sowing of described drilling
Measure as 0.8kg seed/mu, depth of planting is 1.5 ~ 2m, wide row line-spacing 50cm, narrow row line-spacing 25cm；
(3) it is colonized
The 10th day after emerging, carry out thinning, the spacing in the rows of an after seedling is 8cm.
Adopt traditional cultural method as comparison, traditional cultural method is as follows: applied nitrogen, and amount of application meets simultaneously
Pure nitrogen level is made to be 15kg/ mu (225 kg/hm2)；Application rate 6kg/hm2；Drilling, line-spacing is 50cm；Depth of planting is 1.0cm.
Result of the test:
Compared with the method for comparison, emergence rate improves 56% to the method for embodiment 1, and survival rate improves 137%, the ground of breeding time
Cradle 3 times, the total per mu yield of prince's-feather reaches 4300kg, yield increases production more than 85% than traditional cultivation method；Do not cut in breeding time
Cut, prince's-feather per mu yield reaches 2200 more than kg, than comparison conventional method volume increase more than 120%；And the method with embodiment 1
After plantation, prince's-feather did not occur lodging within whole breeding time.
Embodiment 2
Using different fertilizer as base manure, the impact to prince's-feather growth for the detection, the fertilizer being adopted is as shown in table 1, same
When using blank fertilizer as comparison, totally 7 process, each process is repeated 3 times.Field area is 10m2(2m × 5m), prince's-feather
Application rate be 12kg/hm2, every piece of plantation 5 row, line-spacing is 40cm；Other operations are same as Example 1.Specifically it is shown in Table 2.
Fertilizer employed in table 2 embodiment 2
Unit: (kg/hm2)
The fertilizer total nutrient of wherein administration is more than 4%(wherein full n 1.38%, full p 1.62%, full k 1.31%), organic
Matter 32%.Calculate Rate of Organic Fertilizer, nitrogen, the deficiency of phosphorus nutrition with the full potassium content of fertilizer, being supplemented to n content with chemical fertilizer is 180
kg/hm2, p content is 180 kg/hm2.
As shown in figure 1, different base manure processes the height growth to prince's-feather creates different degrees of impact.With compare
Compare, difference is not notable compared with the control for h1 process and y1 process plant height；Between h2, h3, y2 and y3, difference is not notable, but aobvious
Write higher than comparison, higher than low Fertilization Level.Increase with dose is described, prince's-feather plant height assumes the trend increasing.
As shown in Fig. 2 with the increase of dose, prince's-feather yield (fresh biological weight) has the trend of increase.h1、y1、y2
Between difference not notable, compared with the control, biomass have increase but difference is not notable；Between h3 and y3, difference is not notable, significantly
Higher than comparison.Different not notable with the chemical fertilizer process direct prince's-feather biology method of double differences etc. the fertilizer process of dose.Illustrate, n, p,
K consumption is 180 kg/hm2, 180 kg/hm2, 90 kg/hm2In the range of fertilising, with the increase of dose, chemical fertilizer and fertilizer
Two kinds of compound Peibuganshen all can significantly improve the biomass of prince's-feather.
As shown in figure 3, different base manure processes the salinity to topsoil (0 ~ 20cm) creates different degrees of shadow
Ring.After prince's-feather is planted 1 year, the impact processing to the soil salinity of the different embodiment of detection.Increasing with Rate of Organic Fertilizer
Plus, topsoil Water-soluble salt content assumes the trend of reduction, and y1, y2 and y3 process surface soil salinity, respectively than comparison
Reduce by 2.39%, 5.15,6.23%, wherein y3 process after topsoil Water-soluble salt be substantially less than compare, y1 and y2 with right
Photograph is not more notable than difference.Chemical fertilizer processes Water-soluble salts between three Fertilization Level and divides difference not notable, has with dose
Increase and increased trend；Difference is not notable compared with the control for three chemical fertilizer fertilizer treatment.
As shown in figure 4, under different base manure are processed, the salinity change of 20 ~ 40cm soil layer is inconspicuous, and fertilizer is processed to be had
The trend reducing with the increase of dose, illustrates that fertilizer, to improvement salt-soda soil, reduces Water-soluble salts point content and rises
To positive role.Therefore, the preferred fertilizer of the present invention plants prince's-feather as base manure.
As shown in figure 5, different base manure is processed creates different degrees of impact to soil ph value.The wherein process of y3,
After prince's-feather is planted 1 year, ph substantially reduces.Y1 and y2 is processed although the effect reducing soil ph value can not be played, but has fall
Low trend.Processed with chemical fertilizer, with the increase of dose, soil ph value has the trend increasing.
Embodiment 3 ~ 5
The soil of the different salinity of configuration, plants prince's-feather, other experimental techniques and embodiment 1 phase with Different Fertilization amount
With, after detection is planted 1 year, prince's-feather cradles through 3 times, the total per mu yield of prince's-feather, and does ratio with traditional cultivation method (comparative example)
Relatively, experimental result is as shown in table 3.Using the method for the present invention be remarkably improved compared with conventional method prince's-feather emergence rate,
Survival rate and yield, be suitable in promote in heavy salinized ground, and there is the effect of improved soil.
Traditional cultural method is as follows: applied nitrogen, and amount of application meets makes pure nitrogen level be 15kg/ mu (225 kg/hm2)；
Application rate 0.7 kg/ mu；Drilling, line-spacing is 50cm；Depth of planting is 1.0cm.
Table 3
Claims (6)
1. in one kind heavy salinized ground prince's-feather dry farming cultivation method it is characterised in that it comprises following step:
(1) soil treatment before sowing
Site preparation: before wet season of summer, level land, consolidation is become four sides to have the field of ridge, described field one side
Ridge is provided with gap, and the area of described field is 15 ~ 20m2；
Drench salt: drench salt using natural precipitation or man-made irrigation, after terminating, field is remained water and draw；Described man-made irrigation is every mu of filling
Irrigate 30 ~ 50m3Fresh water；
Fertilising: drench 3 ~ 5 days after salt, basal dressing simultaneously ploughs deeply 25 ~ 30cm, and level land after fertilising；The amount of application of described base manure
Meet: make the amount of application of potassium element reach 90 ~ 200 kg/hm2, the amount of application of nitrogen reaches 180 ~ 400 kg/hm2, P elements
Amount of application reach 180 ~ 400 kg/hm2；
(2) high density summer sowing
Seed in advance carries out proportioning mixing with thin sand and soil according to volume ratio 1:1, in May to carrying out drilling by the end of June；Described drilling
Application rate is 9 ~ 18kg seed/hm2, depth of planting is 1.5 ~ 2cm, and line-spacing is 20 ~ 60cm；
(3) it is colonized
7 ~ 15 days after emerging, carry out thinning, the spacing in the rows of an after seedling is 5 ~ 10cm.
2. in one kind according to claim 1 heavy salinized ground prince's-feather dry farming cultivation method it is characterised in that institute in (1)
The field angle of inclination stated is 3 ~ 5 °, and the length of described gap is 0.5 ~ 0.8m.
3. in one kind according to claim 1 heavy salinized ground prince's-feather dry farming cultivation method it is characterised in that institute in (1)
The base manure stated is fertilizer and/or chemical fertilizer.
4. according to claim 3 a kind of in heavy salinized ground prince's-feather dry farming cultivation method it is characterised in that described
In fertilizer, total nutrient is not less than 4%, and the content of organic matter is 30% ~ 35%.
5. in one kind according to claim 1 heavy salinized ground prince's-feather dry farming cultivation method it is characterised in that institute in (2)
The application rate stated is 12 ~ 15 kg seeds/hm2.
6. heavy salinized ground prince's-feather dry farming cultivation method in the one kind according to any one of claim 1 ~ 5, it is special
Levy and be that the drilling described in (2) is wide-and narrow-row drilling, wide row line-spacing is 40 ~ 60cm, narrow row line-spacing is 20 ~ 30cm.
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| CN105027917A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Method for interplanting grain amaranth and coptis chinensis in saline and alkaline land |
| CN105537256A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-05-04 | 南京林业大学 | Removal method for salt in high-salinity soil |
| CN107182340A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-22 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of utilization sand-protecting barrier and the method on plantation three-coloured amaranth transforming salinization meadow |
| CN114048437B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-09-08 | 中化农业（临沂）研发中心有限公司 | Calculation method and application of alkalinity reducing material application amount in agricultural saline-alkali soil |
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| EP2477504B1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2013-05-29 | Unilever NV | Edible water in oil emulsion |
| CN102057775B (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-06-20 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Controlled-salinity cultivation method for plating crop on moderate and medium and severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN102550161A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-11 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | Method for improving moderate saline-alkali soil and planting pasture |
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