CN102522961B - 提供对音频音量参数的自动控制以保护听觉的便携式音频设备 - Google Patents

提供对音频音量参数的自动控制以保护听觉的便携式音频设备 Download PDF

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CN102522961B
CN102522961B CN201110439368.4A CN201110439368A CN102522961B CN 102522961 B CN102522961 B CN 102522961B CN 201110439368 A CN201110439368 A CN 201110439368A CN 102522961 B CN102522961 B CN 102522961B
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CN102522961A (zh
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迈克尔·M·李
约翰·E·阿瑟尔
格莱格·马瑞特
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Apple Inc
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Abstract

一种操作媒体播放器的方法包括对音频媒体进行重放。在对音频媒体进行重放的步骤期间，针对该媒体播放器对该媒体的重放改进最大音量参数。该改进至少部分地基于在执行该最大音量改进步骤之前的一时间段期间音频媒体的重放。在一段时间之后，重复该最大音量改进步骤。该改进被配置为例如基于媒体重放的实际音量以及职业安全组织和/或其他组织提供的时间/持续时间简档来阻止/最小化对该媒体播放器用户的听觉的损害。

Description

提供对音频音量参数的自动控制以保护听觉的便携式音频设备
本申请是申请号为200610130904.1、发明名称为“提供对音频音量参数的自动控制以保护听觉的便携式音频设备”的申请的分案申请。
背景技术
便携式媒体播放器变得越来越普遍，特别是在相对年轻的人中间。使用这种播放器的无意的副作用是对用户听觉的损害性影响。对用户听觉的损害性影响可能因新的使用方式(与比如慢跑过程中的有限时间段内使用相反，整天使用)并且可能因耳机的配置(在耳中)而加剧。
此外，由于对用户听觉的损害影响是逐步的并且累积的，因此即使是那些关心听觉损失的用户也可能没有按照使这种损害性听觉影响受到限制或最小化的方式来对待他们的便携式媒体播放器。
发明内容
一种操作媒体播放器的方法包括对音频媒体进行重放。在对音频媒体进行重放的步骤期间，针对媒体播放器对该媒体的重放来改进最大音量参数。该改进至少部分地基于在执行该最大音量改进步骤之前的一时间段期间音频媒体的重放。在一段时间之后，重复该最大音量改进步骤。
该改进被配置为例如基于媒体重放的实际音量以及职业安全组织和/或其他组织提供的时间/持续时间简档来阻止/最小化对该媒体播放器用户的听觉损害。
附图说明
图1例示了与便携式媒体播放器可分离地通信的主机应用，包括从主机应用向便携式媒体播放器传送保护参数的指示。
图2是例示在该便携式媒体播放器中的用于基于该便携式媒体播放器对媒体重放的实际音量来改进最大音量值的处理的流程图。
图3例示了在改进最大音量值时采用的基于耳机类型的补偿因子的表格。
图4例示了在改进最大音量值时采用的基于歌曲特性的补偿因子的表格。
具体实施方式
广义上，便携式媒体播放器处理保护参数以控制该便携式媒体播放器对媒体的重放。在使用该便携式媒体播放器的过程中基于对该便携式媒体播放器的实际使用，调整该保护参数。因此，例如，对保护参数的调整可以考虑实际使用中的重放音量，包括重放持续时间。
在一个示例中，保持“信用”说明(accounting)以确定保护参数，其中基于具有第一特定特性的实际使用来减少信用，而基于具有第二特定特性的实际使用来增加信用。例如，第一特定特性可以是被确定为对听觉具有相对的损害性累积影响的特性(例如，相对“喧闹”的重放)，而第二特定特性可以是被确定为对听觉不具有相对的损害性累积影响的特性(例如，相对“柔和”的重放，其使得可以从对听觉的相对损害性累积影响中恢复)。
图1概括地例示了使用保护参数的架构的一个示例。如图1所示，在计算机上执行的主机应用102与便携式媒体播放器104相接。该主机应用102例如可以是ApplieComputer，Inc提供的软件。在一个示例中，用户(如便携式媒体播放器104的用户的父母)与主机应用102进行交互以选择一个保护简档。该保护简档例如可以基于期望的保护级别(比如“低”、“中”和“高”)或基于用户的年龄(如，假定越年轻的用户需要越多的限制)。
如图1所示，还将保护参数的指示从主机应用102提供给便携式媒体播放器104。保护参数可以预存储在该便携式媒体播放器104上，通过将一个信号从主机应用102提供给便携式媒体播放器104来指示使用哪些保护参数。在其它示例中，便携式媒体播放器104的用户直接与便携式媒体播放器104进行交互以指示保护参数。保护参数的指示也可以是与主机应用102和便携式媒体播放器104都进行交互的结果。
在便携式媒体播放器104中，控制器106处理保护参数以确定阈值重放特性，比如最大重放音量或者对最大重放音量进行指示(和/或对最大重放音量有贡献)的特性。由此，由音频输出电路108通过确定的阈值重放特性来限制便携式媒体播放器的实际重放。此外，控制器基于便携式媒体播放器104的实际重放操作的特性来调整阈值重放特性。在一些示例中，在主机上由主机应用102确定阈值重放特性。
图2是例示在便携式媒体播放器104的控制器106(图1)内的用于完成实施保护参数的处理的示例的流程图。该控制器例如可以基于软件或固件指令以编程的方式进行操作。然而，该控制器并不局限于例如执行指令的处理器。在图2示例中，采用了“信用”方案。应当注意这仅是一个示例，也可以采用其他类型的方案。现在具体转到图2，在步骤202，基于主机应用102指示的或提供的保护参数来确定信用的初始数量。
在步骤204，基于所确定的信用来确定表示对于下一时间段“x”所允许的最大音量的最大允许音量参数。在一个特定示例中，最大允许音量是基于确定的信用、通过参考简档(比如CaliforniaOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(Cal-OSHA)提供的简档)而确定的。例如，参见Cal-OSHARegulations-ControlofNoiseExposures，intheCaliforniaCodeofRegulations，Title8，Section5096-5100Article105，还可以参见刚才所引用的规章的PermissibleNoiseExposure-TableN-1。应注意到，Cal-OSHA所公布的简档似乎是初步的(如，没有以复杂的方式处理随时间变化的危害并且没有考虑“恢复”)。因此，在一些示例中，采用更为复杂的简档。
在步骤206，在时间段“x”期间，基于针对时间段“x”确定的最大音量来控制实际音量。后面将讨论关于特定示例的细节。
在步骤208，基于时间段“x”期间的实际音量重新计算信用。例如，如果便携式媒体播放器的用户将期望的音量设定为小于所确定的最大音量(或者，也许小于比确定的最大音量更小的某其他音量)，那么这可能允许该用户的听觉得到一些“恢复”，因此信用可被授予。也就是，信用对于增大针对未来时间段“x”所确定的最大音量(如在步骤204确定的)可能是有用的。在信用被重新计算之后，处理返回到针对下一时间段“x”的步骤204。
现在我们参考图3和4讨论如何通过除了仅存在于简档内的因子之外的因子来影响步骤204的处理。图3是对于各种类型的耳机所采用的补偿因子的示例。也就是，补偿因子可以是指示(并且因此被用作公式的参数)如何针对特定耳机修改该公式以使得该公式更准确地反映实际的因子。例如，对于特定的声音输出音量，一个耳机所具有的特性可能相对于另一个耳机的特性不同，那么第一个耳机不具有像第二个耳机那样的对听觉的有害影响，即使是在同样的特定声音输出音量处。在一些示例中，补偿因子是针对通用类型的耳机(如，耳塞(earbud)，包住耳朵的耳机，等等)提供的，而在其他示例中，补偿因子是专门针对各种样式的耳机提供的。
图4例示了补偿因子的另一个示例。特别地，图4例示了提供表征所播放的媒体的补偿因子。在一个示例中，该特性是由iTunes的Soundcheck特征确定(或基于该特性)的特性，其指示了歌曲的近似音频级别。
现在我们讨论基于确定的最大音量控制在时间段“x”期间的音量的示例的细节。在一个示例中，确定的最大音量被视为阈值。因此，如果该便携式媒体播放器的用户将音量设定为比针对时间段“x”确定的最大音量更大的期望音量，那么实际重放音量将被设定为该所确定的最大音量。另一方面，如果便携式媒体播放器的用户将音量设定为比针对时间段“x”确定的最大音量更小的期望音量，那么实际重放音量将被设定为该期望音量。
在另一个示例中，在步骤206中使用确定的最大音量参数的指示作为缩放因子，从而实际音频输出音量是经缩放因子缩放的期望音量。
除了在步骤206降低音量引起步骤208中的信用增加外，完全停止播放媒体播放器也应引起在重新开始播放时的信用增加。因此，在一个示例中，当停止音频输入时，存储停止时间，以使得重新开始播放时，停止和重新开始之间的时间可以被视为“无声”时间，在这段时间中发生恢复并且信用应当增加。
在其他示例中，在步骤204，确定的最大音量可以是零或“不确定”(即用户期望的任何音量)。在这些示例中，然后进行步骤206的处理，仅在确定的最大音量是零的时候控制音量以关掉媒体播放器的音频输出。在步骤208，作为重新计算步骤的一部分，可以提供用户接口功能以对便携式媒体播放器的用户给出剩余多少信用的指示。该指示例如可以是基于该剩余信用，对以当前实际音量将允许多长时间输出给出的指示。该指示可以仅是二进制指示(比如在只剩余阈值时间量时才闪烁)。
在一些示例中，使保护参数的指示是安全的，因而，例如父母可以安全地对于便携式媒体播放器的儿童用户设定保护参数。在一个示例中，主机软件102被用于创建防止更改(或阻止更改)的配置文件，例如，如于2005年7月26日提交的名为CONFIGURATIONOFACOMPUTINGDEVICEINASECUREMANNER的美国专利申请11/191,133(在此通过引用并入其全部公开)中所描述的。
此外，至此的本讨论是针对便携式媒体播放器的。然而，在一些示例中，这里讨论的概念也可应用于比如蜂窝电话的音频设备。对于一些音频设备，音频重放特性不能被(或至少不能首先被)预先确定。例如，尽管歌曲的重放特性可以被预先确定(例如，如图4所例示的)，但是在蜂窝电话连接上说话的话音级别通常不能被预先确定。因此，在这种情况下，重新计算信用(或者调整如何控制音量)可能更复杂，因为可能需要对实际音量的更为复杂的监控。
尽管通过多个实施例描述了本发明，但是也存在落在本发明范围内的更改、变化和等同物。还应当注意，存在实现本发明的方法和装置的许多另选方式。因此，以下所附权利要求被解释为包括了落在本发明的实际精神和范围内的所有更改、变化和等同物。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于动态改变便携式媒体播放器(104)的最大音量的方法，包括：
针对媒体的重放，基于保护参数确定在便携式媒体播放器(104)上可用的音量信用的最初数目；
针对媒体的重放，确定便携式媒体播放器(104)上的剩余音量信用的数目，所述剩余音量信用的数目对应于以当前实际音量操作便携式媒体播放器(104)允许的持续时间；
在一个时间段上监视便携式媒体播放器(104)的当前实际音量；
基于在所述时间段上监视的当前实际音量调整剩余音量信用的数目，其中所述调整包括在监视的当前实际音量小于最大音量时增加剩余音量信用的数目；和
基于可用的剩余音量信用的数目改变最大音量。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述保护参数被存储在主计算机上，便携式媒体播放器(104)与所述主计算机通信。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述保护参数基于用户的年龄。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
重复监视、调整和改变，从而基于可用的剩余音量信用的数目动态设置最大音量，并且其中如果动态设置的最大音量是零，则控制当前实际音量以关掉媒体播放器(104)的音频输出，并且其中如果动态设置的最大音量不确定，则不控制当前实际音量。
5.一种便携式媒体播放器(104)，包括：
存储器；
接口；，
音频输出控制器，被配置为：
将可用的音量信用的最初数目存储在存储器内，其中基于保护参数确定可用的音量信用的最初数目；
确定对应于以当前实际音量操作便携式媒体播放器(104)的允许的持续时间的剩余音量信用的数目；
在一个时间段上监视便携式媒体播放器(104)的当前实际音量；
基于在所述时间段上监视的当前实际音量调整剩余音量信用的数目，其中所述调整包括在监视的当前实际音量小于最大音量时增加剩余音量信用的数目；和
基于剩余音量信用的数目动态改变音频输出控制器的最大音量。
6.如权利要求5所述的便携式媒体播放器(104)，其中所述音频输出控制器还被配置为：
在固定的时间段上通过音频输出控制器监视当前实际音量；
基于所述固定的时间段上的当前实际音量调整剩余音量信用的数目；和
当期望音量被设定为比最大音量更大时，操作音频输出控制器，以将当前实际音量设置成最大音量。
7.如权利要求5所述的便携式媒体播放器(104)，其中所述音频输出控制器被连接到音频输出电路。
8.如权利要求7所述的便携式媒体播放器(104)，其中所述音频输出电路包括耳机。
9.如权利要求5所述的便携式媒体播放器(104)，其中所述便携式媒体播放器(104)是蜂窝电话。
10.一种用于动态改变便携式媒体播放器(104)的最大输出音量的方法，包括：
基于保护参数确定在便携式媒体播放器(104)上可用的音量信用的最初数目；
基于音量信用的最初数目，确定最大输出音量；
监视便携式媒体播放器(104)的实际使用；
调整最大输出音量，其中调整包括：
当便携式媒体播放器(104)的实际使用对听觉具有相对损坏性积累影响时，从音量信用的最初数目中减去音量信用；
当便携式媒体播放器(104)的实际使用对听觉不具有相对损坏性积累影响时，给音量信用的最初数目添加音量信用；以及
基于音量信用的数目调整最大输出音量。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述保护参数被存储在主计算机上，便携式媒体播放器(104)与所述主计算机通信。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述保护参数基于用户的年龄。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述保护参数被预先存储在便携式媒体播放器(104)上。
14.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中确定最大输出音量受到与便携式媒体播放器(104)一起使用的耳机的补偿因子的影响。
15.一种便携式媒体播放器(104)，包括：
存储器；
用于音频输出的音频输出控制器，其中通过确定的音频输出控制器的最大输出音量限制音频输出，并且其中所述音频输出控制器被配置为：
确定存储器中可用的音量信用的最初数目，其中基于保护参数确定可用的音量信用的最初数目；
基于音量信用的最初数目，确定至少一个媒体文件的最大输出音量；
确定便携式媒体播放器(104)的实际使用；以及
基于音量信用的剩余数目动态调整所述至少一个媒体文件的最大输出音量，其中通过以下确定音量信用的剩余数目：
当便携式媒体播放器(104)的实际使用对听觉具有相对损坏性积累影响时，从音量信用的最初数目中减去音量信用，并且
当便携式媒体播放器(104)的实际使用对听觉不具有相对损害性积累影响时，给音量信用的最初数目添加音量信用。
16.如权利要求15所述的便携式媒体播放器(104)，其中所述音频输出控制器还被配置为：
在固定的时间段上通过音频输出控制器监视实际重放音量；
基于所述固定的时间段上的实际重放音量调整音量信用的剩余数目；和
当期望音量被设定为比最大音量更大时，操作音频输出控制器，以将实际输出音量设置成音频输出控制器的最大输出音量。
17.如权利要求15所述的便携式媒体播放器(104)，其中音频输出控制器被连接到音频输出电路。
18.如权利要求17所述的便携式媒体播放器(104)，其中音频输出电路包括耳机。
19.如权利要求15所述的便携式媒体播放器(104)，其中便携式媒体播放器(104)还包括连接到主计算机的接口。
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