CN102511277A

CN102511277A - Potato cultivation method for cold protection and thermal insulation in early spring

Info

Publication number: CN102511277A
Application number: CN2011104218952A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐子永; 马海艳; 李慧芝; 周长勇; 张家森; 徐姜波; 韩猛; 房贤贤
Original assignee: ZAOZHUANG YIHE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE SCIENCE INSTITUTE
Current assignee: ZAOZHUANG YIHE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE SCIENCE INSTITUTE
Priority date: 2011-12-16
Filing date: 2011-12-16
Publication date: 2012-06-27

Abstract

The invention relates to a potato cultivation method for cold protection and thermal insulation in early spring, which includes: using an improved virus-free variety of potato, and applying potato formulated fertilizer; seeding in early February, mechanically digging seed furrows, laying corn straws in the seed furrows, exposing part of the corn straws at two ends of each seed furrow, scattering mixture of biological straw reaction strains and wheat brans evenly on the corn straws, covering with soil, angularly placing seeds in the furrows after heavy irrigation, covering with soil after seeding, covering with black-and-white mulch, breaking the mulch to free seedlings after about 20 days, perforating each ridge shoulder to obtain two rows of holes which penetrate to the straw layer, setting up a large arched shed for each 6 ridges, covering each large arched shed with an agricultural film, setting up a small arched shed for each three ridges inside the corresponding large arched shed, and covering each small arched shed with an agricultural film; and removing the agricultural films and racks for the large arched sheds and racks for the small arched sheds in mid-April to a shade for use in next year. The potato cultivation method is simple in operation and easy in popularization.

Description

Early spring the potato cold-proof heat insulation cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of agriculture cultivation technology, be specifically related to the high-yield cultivating method of potato cold-proof heat insulation in a kind of early spring.

Background technology

Usually suffer the harm of cold in the late spring when doing district's sowing potato in early spring in two seasons of potato, the severe patient overground part is all withered; Ground temperature was on the low side when early spring, potato was sowed, and seedling-growing time is long, and easily by courses of infection, emergence rate is low; If postpone sowing, run into high temperature and rainy at potato piece expanding stage, the potato piece expands slowly, and is susceptible easily, yields poorly; Germ radix in the middle of the continuous cropping for years, soil is more and more, and planting cost is increasingly high; Common white mulch film sometimes under the film too high the causing of temperature burn the seedling phenomenon, potato emerges uneven, big seedling problem is serious, and weeding can only rely on spraying herbicide under the film, is a kind of great pollution to environment for a long time in the past.

, summary of the invention

The object of the invention provides the high-yield cultivating method of potato cold-proof heat insulation in a kind of early spring, and potato per unit area yield in early spring, benefit are increased substantially.

Be to realize above-mentioned purpose, early spring of the present invention, the technical scheme of potato cold-proof heat insulation high-yield cultivating method was following:

A kind of early spring the potato cold-proof heat insulation cultivation method, it is characterized in that: before soil is freeze-up, deep plough 30 centimetres November in the first year and freeze upturned soil, rake, harrow the real sowing of waiting for machinery before and after the beginning of spring; Early and middle ten days sowing in February is opened dark about 25-30 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres seed furrow with machinery, and mu is laid 1000-1500 kilograms of corn stalk in the ditch; 10-15 centimetre of stalk thickness, two ends let the part stalk basset, and earthing is 5-10 centimetres behind the mixture that evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields biological straw reaction bacterial classification and wheat bran on the corn stalk; Water behind the big flood slop regulation angle swing kind in ditch, select the detoxification breeding for use, it is fertile to use the potato prescription; 25-30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 20 centimetres of little line-spacings; Earthing after planting, potato seed is to ground 12-14 centimetres behind the earthing, hugs flatly, covers the black and white mulch film; After planting, a big arch shed is built on per 6 ridges, and the span of big arch shed is 470-480 centimetres, highly is 130-150 centimetres, covers 6 plastic sheeting for farm uses on the big arch shed, and spacing is 70-80 centimetres between the adjacent big arch shed; 1 little shed is built on per 3 ridges in the big arch shed, covers 4 plastic sheeting for farm uses on the little shed; About 20 days, put seedling, on the shoulder of ridge, make a call to two row holes in conjunction with rupture of membranes, 25-30 centimetres of pitch-rows, 1.5-2 centimetres in aperture, hole depth is as the criterion to penetrate stalk layer, in order to advancing the oxygen fermentation, promotes stalk to transform; Need not take off before emerging after potato is broadcast and cover plastic sheeting for farm use, potato set teleblem minimum air temperature in canopy of 40% be stabilized in continuous 5 days 10 ℃ more than-12 ℃ during this period of time, take off little shed plastic sheeting for farm use on one side every morning, cover afternoon; When the big arch shed temperature of shed begins during greater than 25 ℃ to ventilate, day temperature in the canopy is controlled at 22 ℃-28 ℃, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15 ℃-17 ℃, regulates the size of ventilating opening with temperature of shed; Plastic sheeting for farm use with little shed when 20 centimetres of potato plant height removes, and mid-April, the frame material with plastic sheeting for farm use, frame material and the little shed of big arch shed removed, and places shady and cool place to wait for next year and uses.

Above-mentioned a kind of early spring the potato cold-proof heat insulation cultivation method, it is characterized in that: 90 centimetres of above-mentioned black and white mulch film width, each black of 34 centimetres of both sides, 22 centimetres of middle white partial widths, 0.015 millimeter of ground film thickness.

Above-mentioned a kind of early spring the potato cold-proof heat insulation cultivation method, it is characterized in that: be unit with mu, to react the usage amount of bacterial classification and wheat bran following for biological straw in the mixture of above-mentioned biological straw reaction bacterial classification and wheat bran:

3-5 kilograms of biological straw reaction bacterial classifications

Wheat bran 70---100 kilograms.

Potato cold-proof heat insulation cultivation in early spring, the sowing time of potato advances to the early and middle ten days in February with the spring, has shifted to an earlier date 1 month time than outdoor sowing, advance to 5 months harvest time at the beginning of, when improving per unit area yield greatly, improved benefit.This method was tested 3 years in the Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, and average yield per mu reaches 3500 kilograms, can increase production about 300 kilograms.

The inventive method is simple to operate, is easy to promote.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an operation chart of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is stalk reactor, covering black and white mulch film operation chart.

Fig. 3 is a stalk reactor stereogram.

Among the figure 1, black and white mulch film 2, little shed 3, big arch shed 4, potato seed 5, straw.

Embodiment

Like Fig. 1 to shown in Figure 3, a kind of early spring the potato cold-proof heat insulation cultivation method, in soil is freeze-up before, deep plough 30 centimetres November in the first year and freezes upturned soil, rake, harrow real wait with machinery before and after the beginning of spring and sow; Early and middle ten days sowing in February is opened dark about 25-30 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres seed furrow with machinery, and mu is laid 1300 kilograms of corn stalk in the ditch; Stalk 5 thickness 10-15 centimetres; Two ends let the part stalk basset, and on corn stalk, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields the mixture of biological straw reaction bacterial classification and wheat bran, are unit with mu; The usage amount of biological straw reaction bacterial classification and wheat bran is in the mixture: 4 kilograms of biological straw reaction bacterial classifications, 90 kilograms in wheat bran; Spread fertilizer over the fields behind bacterial classification and the wheat bran 5-10 centimetres of earthing, water behind the big flood slop regulation angle swing kind in ditch, select the detoxification breeding for use, it is fertile to use the potato prescription, 25-30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 20 centimetres of little line-spacings; Earthing after planting, potato seed 4 is to ground 12-14 centimetres behind the earthing, hugs flatly, covers black and white mulch film 1,90 centimetres of black and white mulch film 1 width, each black of 34 centimetres of both sides, 22 centimetres of middle white partial widths, 0.015 millimeter of ground film thickness; After planting, a big arch shed 3 is built on per 6 ridges, and the span of big arch shed 3 is 470-480 centimetres, highly is 130-150 centimetres, covers 6 plastic sheeting for farm uses on the big arch shed 3, and spacing is 70-80 centimetres between the adjacent big arch shed; 1 little shed 2 is built on per 3 ridges in the big arch shed 3, covers 4 plastic sheeting for farm uses on the little shed 2; About 20 days, put seedling, on the shoulder of ridge, make a call to two row holes in conjunction with rupture of membranes, 25-30 centimetres of pitch-rows, 1.5-2 centimetres in aperture, hole depth is as the criterion to penetrate stalk layer, in order to advancing the oxygen fermentation, promotes stalk to transform; Need not take off before emerging after potato is broadcast and cover plastic sheeting for farm use, potato set teleblem minimum air temperature in canopy of 40% be stabilized in continuous 5 days 10 ℃ more than-12 ℃ during this period of time, take off little shed plastic sheeting for farm use on one side every morning, cover afternoon; When the big arch shed temperature of shed begins during greater than 25 ℃ to ventilate, day temperature in the canopy is controlled at 22 ℃-28 ℃, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15 ℃-17 ℃, regulates the size of ventilating opening with temperature of shed; Plastic sheeting for farm use with little shed when 20 centimetres of potato plant height removes, and mid-April, the frame material with plastic sheeting for farm use, frame material and the little shed of big arch shed removed, and places shady and cool place to wait for next year and uses.

Claims

One kind early spring the potato cold-proof heat insulation cultivation method, it is characterized in that: before soil is freeze-up, deep plough 30 centimetres November in the first year and freeze upturned soil, rake, harrow the real sowing of waiting for machinery before and after the beginning of spring; Early and middle ten days sowing in February is opened dark about 25-30 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres seed furrow with machinery, and mu is laid 1000-1500 kilograms of maize straws in the ditch; Thickness 10-15 centimetre of stalk (5), two ends let the part stalk basset, and earthing is 5-10 centimetres behind the mixture that evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields biological straw reaction bacterial classification and wheat bran on the corn stalk; Water behind the big flood slop regulation angle swing kind in ditch, select the detoxification breeding for use, it is fertile to use the potato prescription; 25-30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 20 centimetres of little line-spacings; Earthing after planting, potato seed behind the earthing (4) to ground 12-14 centimetres are hugged flatly, cover black and white mulch film (1); After planting, a big arch shed (3) is built on per 6 ridges, and the span of big arch shed is 470-480 centimetres, highly is 130-150 centimetres, and big arch shed (3) is gone up and covered 6 plastic sheeting for farm uses, and spacing is 70-80 centimetres between the adjacent big arch shed; 1 little shed (2) is built on per 3 ridges in the big arch shed (3), and little shed (2) is gone up and covered 4 plastic sheeting for farm uses; About 20 days, put seedling, on the shoulder of ridge, make a call to two row holes in conjunction with rupture of membranes, 25-30 centimetres of pitch-rows, 1.5-2 centimetres in aperture, hole depth is as the criterion to penetrate stalk layer, in order to advancing the oxygen fermentation, promotes stalk to transform; Need not take off before emerging after potato is broadcast and cover plastic sheeting for farm use, potato set teleblem minimum air temperature in canopy of 40% be stabilized in continuous 5 days 10 ℃ more than-12 ℃ during this period of time, take off little shed plastic sheeting for farm use on one side every morning, cover afternoon; When the big arch shed temperature of shed begins during greater than 25 ℃ to ventilate, day temperature in the canopy is controlled at 22 ℃-28 ℃, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15 ℃-17 ℃, regulates the size of ventilating opening with temperature of shed; Plastic sheeting for farm use with little shed when 20 centimetres of potato plant height removes, and mid-April, the frame material with plastic sheeting for farm use, frame material and the little shed of big arch shed removed, and places shady and cool place to wait for next year and uses.
2. a kind of early spring according to claim 1 the potato cold-proof heat insulation cultivation method, it is characterized in that: 90 centimetres of above-mentioned black and white mulch film (1) width, each black of 34 centimetres of both sides, 22 centimetres of middle white partial widths, 0.015 millimeter of ground film thickness.
3. a kind of early spring according to claim 2 the potato cold-proof heat insulation cultivation method, it is characterized in that: be unit with mu, to react the usage amount of bacterial classification and wheat bran following for biological straw in the mixture of above-mentioned biological straw reaction bacterial classification and wheat bran:

3-5 kilograms of biological straw reaction bacterial classifications

Wheat bran 70---100 kilograms.