CN103444429A - Method for protecting seedlings of potatoes planted in winter in high-temperature humid climate on coast of southern area in China - Google Patents
Method for protecting seedlings of potatoes planted in winter in high-temperature humid climate on coast of southern area in China Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for protecting seedlings of potatoes planted in winter in the high-temperature humid climate on the coast of the southern area in China. According to the method, the seedlings of the potatoes planted in winter in the high-temperature humid climate of the coast of the southern area in China are protected and cultured through soil preparation and ridging, water drainage system building, grounded planting, seedling covering and watering for soil wetting. In the grounded planting operation process, potato seeds are laid on a ridge surface of a single ridge of double rows, seed coat and bud eyes are downward, a layer of fine soil is scattered on the ridge surface, and accordingly breathability can be improved due to a flat-laying and thinly-covering mode, the seedlings of the potatoes can quickly come out of the soil and grow quickly under the photosynthesis, and meanwhile, the seedlings are protected and cultured in a straw covering mode in the step of seedling covering, buds of the seedlings of the potatoes are thick and strong, potatoes bodies and roots of the potatoes do not rot, the seedlings grow well, the survival rate of the seedlings is high, and the method is ingenious, strong in practicability, and very suitable for universally popularized and used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato planting under the high temperature and humidity environment of the southern china coastal area seedling growing process of keeping a full stand of seedings, the technical method used relates to agricultural planting technique.
Background technology
According to record and the actual plantation experience of agrotechnique document, the weather conditions that the happiness of potato property is nice and cool, suitable growth temperature is 16～18 ℃; Daytime is higher than 25 ℃ or do not tie potato higher than 23 ℃ night; Day and night temperature is large, is conducive to the potato piece and expands; Every day, sunshine duration was to be advisable in 11～13 hours, surpassed 15 hours plant strain growth potatos of not tying in great numbers.The potato seed reserve temperature is 1～3 ℃.
This characteristic of growing according to potato, the plantation area major part of China potato all concentrates on the cold and cool region in the north or the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.In the Inner Mongol and the Northeast of high latitude, potato is summer plantation, the time of sowing in 5～June, temperature is between 15 ℃～23 ℃, and also do not arrive rainy season, and humidity is also little, be applicable to very much potato sowing, basically do not have the problem of rotten kind and dead seedling.In Yunnan, the Guizhou province of high height above sea level, potato is the crop of spring plantation, the time of sowing in 3～April, temperature is between 15 ℃～20 ℃, and also do not arrive rainy season, and humidity is little, the hillside draining is good, is applicable to very much potato sowing, and rotten kind and dead seedling problem are not outstanding.
In recent years, south China area off-season cultivation potato is progressively risen, and especially the development of the Winter potato of Coastal Area of Guangdong Province rapidly, has presented the gesture of setting a prairie fire.According to news report, cultivated area approaches 1,000,000 mu, and more than average per unit area yield reaches 2000kg, the highest per unit area yield surpasses 4000kg, and gross yield approaches 2,000,000 tons.
Be subject to the restriction of Rice Production season and temperature, the Winter potato time of Coastal Area of Guangdong Province can only be in October～period February next year.October southern daytime the maximum air temperature through being everlasting more than 30 ℃, even arrive 33 ℃.Simultaneously, southern rainwater is on the high side, and air humidity is large.Sow potato under the high-temperature high humidity climate condition, the problem of seed decay and seedling death is very outstanding.Usually after heavy rain reappears again strong sunshine, the dead seedling of large tracts of land appears.
Being difficult to normal growth at the ground temperature Potato seedling that surpasses 30 ℃ germinates.Field observation can be found: if run into rain and draining not in time, soil moisture increases, and shines upon surface, rear potato ridge after rain and hardens and make moisture be difficult to natural evaporation, and ground temperature further raises, the potato kind is vexed to be occurred to rot in the inside, potato ridge soon, and dead seedling is inevitable.Even the potato seedling be unearthed two weeks, also because of the kind piece of root, to rot, can not get nutritional supplementation withered gradually to run into above-mentioned situation.
High temperature and high humility all work the mischief to potato seed, but by contrast, high humility more easily causes the rotten kind of potato and dead seedling.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of patent of the present invention is the shortcoming that overcomes above-mentioned prior art, one method of keeping a full stand of seedings that is enclosed within southern coastal high temperature and humidity climatic environment the plantation Winter potato is provided, by this method gained of keeping a full stand of seedings keep a full stand of seedings that the potato seed of growing seedlings has that the bud post is sturdy, potato body and root thereof without rotting, that shoot survival percent is grown fine, planted to seedling shape is high.
The invention discloses the method for keeping a full stand of seedings of a plantation Winter potato under the coastal high temperature and humidity climatic environment in south, the described method of keeping a full stand of seedings comprises following operating procedure:
Ridging a. wholely: before ridging, fertilizer is first spread in the ground, then in smooth paddy field, play high ridge, before ridging, fertilizer is first spread in the ground, ridging process fertilizer fully mixes and can prevent that the potato seedling from burning root with soil;
B. build drainage system: excavate draining trench in length and breadth between high ridge, in field, several cisterns are excavated at low-lying place, water in the draining trench can be flow automatically to be entered in cistern, realize adopting the wide row high ridge of zanjon land preparation mode relative reduce subterranean water level, be beneficial to and drain in time ponding, keep high ridge dry and comfortable;
C. veneer plantation: adopt single ridge duplicate rows plantation specification, potato seed is laid in to the ridge face, plant skin and eye down, sprinkle the thin layer fine earth at the ridge face, the mode of thin lid of tiling can be improved gas permeability, and is beneficial to potato seed and emerges and be unearthed rapidly afterwards, accelerates growth under photosynthesis;
D. cover and grow seedlings: after the plantation of high ridge veneer, at surface, ridge layer overlay straw, make straw cover block sunlight and rainwater, the straw cladding thickness is 10cm;
E. moistening soil waters: after straw covers high ridge, the moistening soil that waters contributes to potato sprouting;
The time that adopts the above-mentioned method of keeping a full stand of seedings is can obtain the potato seed that the bud seedling is good in 15～20 days.
In above-mentioned steps a, the height of bottom, Mian Zhi ridge, ridge is at 45～60cm, and the ridge bottom width is 60～80cm, and ridge face width degree is 50～60cm, and every distance between the ridges is 120～150cm.
In described step b, the specification of the hierarchy structure of drain ditch in length and breadth excavated between ridge is 20cm * 20cm.
In described step c, the method of veneer plantation is that potato seed is laid on the high ridge face, down by potato seed skin and eye simultaneously, contact as early as possible soil after allowing the bud point sprout, accelerate growth, break away from seedling stage early, sprinkle the thin layer fine earth at the ridge face after having spread potato seed, the thickness of fine earth is advisable just to hide the potato kind.
The coastal south essentialspecies planting paddy rice, Winter potato is mainly the paddy field that utilizes the rear slack season of late rice harvesting, reseeding early rice in rice field after potato harvest.Be subject to the Rice Production restriction in season, the Winter potato time of Coastal Area of Guangdong Province can only be in the period in October～February next year.Usually, November early and middle ten days one period autumn rain phase is arranged, soil and air humidity are all larger, now temperature still can surpass 30 ℃, be most disadvantageous in potato sowing and seedling growth.Under cloudy canopy, the potato kind is carried out to the vernalization processing so preferably be chosen in the October early and middle ten days, sow after the late October paddy rice harvesting at once wholely, make potato avoid autumn rain seedling stage.
In veneer planting technology aspect aforesaid operations, this technology is to play high ridge in smooth paddy field, the ridge face is from the discrepancy in elevation of bottom 45cm at least, ridge bottom width 80cm, ridge face width degree 50cm, distance between the ridges 120cm, adopt single ridge duplicate rows plantation specification simultaneously, the key point of sowing is that the potato kind is laid in to the ridge face, plants skin and eye down, must not press down in the soil of nuzzling.Sprinkle the thin layer fine earth at the ridge face after having spread the potato kind, thickness is advisable just to hide the potato kind.High ridge can be avoided oozing on furrow ponding, allows top layer moisture flow downward, and is beneficial to the potato kind and keeps dry and comfortable; The wide ventilation steam that is beneficial in face interval, ridge, reduce soil moisture; Veneer plantation is beneficial to the potato kind and emerges and be unearthed rapidly afterwards, accelerates growth under photosynthesis, breaks away from early fragile seedling stage; Veneer plantation also can improve gas permeability, and the reply topsoil hardens, and breaks away from fast after the rain high humidity environment, avoid vexed in soil, cause rotten; Plant skin and can allow the bud point contact as early as possible soil down with eye, accelerate growth, break away from seedling stage early.
Excavate 20cm * 20cm draining trench in length and breadth between the potato ridge, the suitable cistern of size of low-lying place excavation in field, cistern and draining trench UNICOM, water in the draining trench can be flow automatically and enter cistern.Cistern and draining trench contribute to instant draining, reduce the relative subterranean water level on potato ground.
The temperature height is natural phenomena, can't change.But the ground temperature of the inside, potato ridge can limited improvement.Adopt black sunshade net block sunlight direct irradiation potato ridge certainly best, but cost is high, is not suitable for large-area applications.Adopt the straw cladding process in the present invention's design, after paddy rice harvesting, straw is stayed the edge of a field, is ready-made material.After the plantation of high ridge veneer, on surface, potato ridge, the layer overlay straw gets final product.The effect of straw is: 1. block sunlight direct projection, suitably reduce ground temperature.2. stop that rainwater directly impacts the potato ridge, prevent that high ridge from caving in.3. prevent at later stages the variable color of potato tubers light leak.4. play insulation effect in the later stage (winter).
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
The present invention is by whole ground ridging, build drainage system, the veneer plantation, covering grow seedlings and the water method of operating of moistening soil has realized the seedling growing process of keeping a full stand of seedings of plantation Winter potato under the coastal high temperature and humidity weather in south, adopt single ridge duplicate rows plantation specification in veneer plantation operating process, potato seed is laid in to the ridge face, plant skin and eye down, sprinkle the thin layer fine earth at the ridge face, the mode of thin lid of tiling can be improved gas permeability, and be beneficial to potato seed and emerge and be unearthed rapidly afterwards, accelerate growth under photosynthesis, cover on the operating procedure of growing seedlings and keep a full stand of seedings and grow seedlings by the mode of mulching straw simultaneously, make potato seed by contemplated methods gained of the present invention there is the bud post sturdy, potato body and root thereof are without rotting, seedling shape is grown fine, plant shoot survival percent high, its method is ingenious, practical, be applicable to very much generally promoting the use of.
the accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 for potato seed in the present invention design on ridge structural representation on the ground.
Embodiment
Below will describe the present invention program's design in detail by embodiment:
By reference to the accompanying drawings 1, the invention discloses the method for keeping a full stand of seedings of a plantation Winter potato under the coastal high temperature and humidity climatic environment in south, the described method of keeping a full stand of seedings comprises following operating procedure:
Ridging a. wholely: before ridging, fertilizer is first spread in the ground, then in smooth paddy field, play high ridge 1, before ridging, fertilizer is first spread in the ground, ridging process fertilizer fully mixes and can prevent that the potato seedling from burning root with soil;
B. build drainage system: excavate draining trench 2 in length and breadth between high ridge, in field, several cisterns are excavated at low-lying place, water in the draining trench can be flow automatically to be entered in cistern, realize adopting the wide row high ridge of zanjon land preparation mode relative reduce subterranean water level, be beneficial to and drain in time ponding, keep high ridge dry and comfortable;
C. veneer plantation: adopt single ridge duplicate rows plantation specification, potato seed 3 is laid in to the ridge face, plant skin and eye down, sprinkle thin layer fine earth 4 at the ridge face, the mode of thin lid of tiling can be improved gas permeability, and is beneficial to potato seed and emerges and be unearthed rapidly afterwards, accelerates growth under photosynthesis;
D. cover and grow seedlings: after the plantation of high ridge veneer, at surface, ridge layer overlay straw 5, make straw cover block sunlight and rainwater, the straw cladding thickness is 10cm;
E. moistening soil waters: after straw covers high ridge, the moistening soil that waters contributes to potato sprouting;
The time that adopts the above-mentioned method of keeping a full stand of seedings is can obtain the potato seed that the bud seedling is good in 15～20 days.
In above-mentioned steps a, the height of bottom, Mian Zhi ridge, ridge is at 45～60cm, and the ridge bottom width is 60～80cm, and ridge face width degree is 50～60cm, and every distance between the ridges is 120～150cm.
In described step b, the specification of the hierarchy structure of drain ditch in length and breadth excavated between ridge is 20cm * 20cm.
In described step c, the method of veneer plantation is that potato seed is laid on the high ridge face, down by potato seed skin and eye simultaneously, contact as early as possible soil after allowing the bud point sprout, accelerate growth, break away from seedling stage early, sprinkle the thin layer fine earth at the ridge face after having spread potato seed, the thickness of fine earth is advisable just to hide the potato kind.
15 mu planting experiments have been carried out in 2010 at the Growth in Meizhou City, Guangdong Mei County Jiang Zhen of the She nationality, distributed over Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Guangdong by above-mentioned technical method.The plantation plot is smooth field, divides three, and the step discrepancy in elevation is arranged between plot.Slight sand.The toxicity-removing white potato kind is used " Favorita " two generation kind.
Started September 23 to use the vernalization of husky bed under cool canopy, observing the potato kind on October 3 has 80% to grow 0.5cm～1cm rudiment, and each plants 1～2 bud of piece.During vernalization, temperature is 26 ℃～34 ℃, and fine day is main, and scouther is arranged.Owing under cloudy canopy and with fine sand, making germination bed, draining is good, and in germination bed, temperature is no more than 30 ℃.
Played whole ground, land for growing field crops, ditching on October 4, shine ground two days to antecedent soil moisture and turn white.Started October 7 according to the contemplated methods of the present invention breeding of keeping a full stand of seedings, be cloudy the same day, 24 ℃～32 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 85%.
The weather in latter 15 days of sowing be take fine day as main, continuous high temperature, daytime temperature between 27 ℃～33 ℃, relative moisture 70%～80%.Several light rain were arranged during this time to moderate rain, the about 20mm of cumulative precipitation.Observe in the rain rainwater and drained fast, there is no ponding in ground, the potato ridge does not cave in.Observed October 15, start to have the seedling ground of emerging; Observed October 18, half potato seedling ground of emerging has nearly been arranged; To October 21, observed, the potato seedling substantially all grows ground, and the bud post is sturdy, potato body and root thereof be without rotting, and maximum bud post has 10cm high and output true leaf.The potato shoot survival percent surpasses 90%.
Specially set up on this test plantation side, plot the control point that area is 0.5 mu.Continue to use traditional buried planting method of low-lying level ridges, also do not open the zanjon draining.Sowing simultaneously, Synchronous, find high humidity in the potato ridge, the potato kind is arranged, and variable color is rotten gradually.Just see some seedlings after 12 days and be unearthed, than testing plot slow 4～5 days.Last potato shoot survival percent about 65%.
Equally, 122 mu of establishing in large scale tests have been carried out in Jiangmen City of Guangdong Province Xinhui District Chao Tou township in 2011 by above-mentioned technical method.The plantation plot is for having gathered in the paddy field of late rice, and physical features is smooth.Slight sand.The toxicity-removing white potato kind is " Favorita ", " prestige taro No. 3 " and " No. 2, cloud potato " two generations kind.
Started October 15 to use the vernalization of husky bed under cool canopy, observing the potato kind on October 24 has 90% to grow 0.5cm～1cm rudiment, and each plants 1～2 bud of piece.During vernalization, temperature is 25 ℃～33 ℃, all fine day.Owing under cloudy canopy and with fine sand, making germination bed, draining is good, and in germination bed, temperature is no more than 30 ℃.
Played whole ground, ditching on October 23, shine ground two days to antecedent soil moisture and turn white.Started October 28 according to the contemplated methods of the present invention breeding of keeping a full stand of seedings, be fine day the same day, 24 ℃～33 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 82%.Rain heavily 8～November 9 November continuously, and cumulative precipitation surpasses 50mm.Observe in the rain rainwater and drained fast, there is no ponding in ground, the potato ridge does not cave in substantially.Multiple fine day after rain, 28 ℃～32 ℃ of daytime temperatures, relative moisture 85%.Observed November 12, half potato seedling ground of emerging has nearly been arranged; Observed November 16, the potato seedling substantially all grows ground, the bud post is sturdy, potato body and root thereof without rotting, seedling shape grows fine, maximum bud post has 10cm high and output true leaf.The potato shoot survival percent in this plot surpasses 90%.
Contrast: other potato planting families that almost plant simultaneously on side do not adopt high ridge veneer planting method of the present invention, continue to use traditional buried planting method of low-lying level ridges, do not open the zanjon draining yet.After raining heavily continuously 8～November 9 November, the potato ridge is not had by water logging, after couple of days, just drains.Multiple fine day after rain, soil moisture is large, 28 ℃～32 ℃ of temperature, hardening appears in surface, potato ridge.After several days, the potato kind is putresced in the ground by vexed, and last survival rate is less than 50%.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention done to any pro forma restriction; The those of ordinary skill of all industry all can be implemented according to the above the present invention's design swimmingly; But all those skilled in the art, within not breaking away from the technical solution of the present invention scope, can utilize the disclosed above technology contents and a little change, the modification of making and the equivalent variations developed, and are equivalent embodiment of the present invention; Simultaneously, the change of any equivalent variations that all foundations essence technology of the present invention is done above embodiment, modification and differentiation etc., within all still belonging to the protection domain of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the method for keeping a full stand of seedings of a plantation Winter potato under the coastal high temperature and humidity weather in south, is characterized in that, the described method of keeping a full stand of seedings comprises following operating procedure:
Ridging a. wholely: before ridging, fertilizer is first spread in the ground, then in smooth paddy field, play high ridge;
B. build drainage system: excavate draining trench in length and breadth between high ridge, in field, several cisterns are excavated at low-lying place, water in the draining trench can be flow automatically to be entered in cistern, realize adopting the wide row high ridge of zanjon land preparation mode relative reduce subterranean water level, be beneficial to and drain in time ponding, keep high ridge dry and comfortable;
C. veneer plantation: adopt single ridge duplicate rows plantation specification, potato seed is laid in to the ridge face, plant skin and eye down, sprinkle the thin layer fine earth at the ridge face, the mode of thin lid of tiling can be improved gas permeability, and is beneficial to potato seed and emerges and be unearthed rapidly afterwards, accelerates growth under photosynthesis;
D. cover and grow seedlings: after the plantation of high ridge veneer, at surface, ridge layer overlay straw, make straw cover block sunlight and rainwater, the straw cladding thickness is 10cm;
E. moistening soil waters: after straw covers high ridge, the moistening soil that waters contributes to potato sprouting;
The time that adopts the above-mentioned method of keeping a full stand of seedings is can obtain the potato seed that the bud seedling is good in 15～20 days.
2. plant according to claim 1 the method for keeping a full stand of seedings of Winter potato under the coastal high temperature and humidity weather in south, be in above-mentioned steps a, the height of bottom, Mian Zhi ridge, ridge is at 45～60cm, and the ridge bottom width is 60～80cm, ridge face width degree is 50～60cm, and every distance between the ridges is 120～150cm.
3. plant according to claim 1 the method for keeping a full stand of seedings of Winter potato under the coastal high temperature and humidity weather in south, it is characterized in that in described step b, the specification of the hierarchy structure of drain ditch in length and breadth excavated between ridge is 20cm * 20cm.
4. plant according to claim 1 the method for keeping a full stand of seedings of Winter potato under the coastal high temperature and humidity weather in south, it is characterized in that in described step c, the method of veneer plantation is that potato seed is laid on the high ridge face, down by potato seed skin and eye simultaneously, contact as early as possible soil after allowing the bud point sprout, accelerate growth, break away from seedling stage early, sprinkle the thin layer fine earth at the ridge face after having spread potato seed, the thickness of fine earth is advisable just to hide the potato kind.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105393665A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Soil preparation model with easy draining and machinery seedling lifting, and peach seedling cultivation method |
| CN106342531A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-25 | 铜陵翔宇商贸有限公司 | River edge potato planting method |
| CN106416967A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2017-02-22 | 上海师范大学 | Potato cultivation method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105393665A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Soil preparation model with easy draining and machinery seedling lifting, and peach seedling cultivation method |
| CN106416967A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2017-02-22 | 上海师范大学 | Potato cultivation method |
| CN106342531A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-25 | 铜陵翔宇商贸有限公司 | River edge potato planting method |
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| CN103444429B (en) | 2016-02-03 |
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Granted publication date: 20160203 Termination date: 20191008 |