CN102473787A - 用于光电作用的综合系统 - Google Patents

用于光电作用的综合系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102473787A
CN102473787A CN2010800309833A CN201080030983A CN102473787A CN 102473787 A CN102473787 A CN 102473787A CN 2010800309833 A CN2010800309833 A CN 2010800309833A CN 201080030983 A CN201080030983 A CN 201080030983A CN 102473787 A CN102473787 A CN 102473787A
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Prior art keywords
insulating barrier
module
metal level
thin slice
integrated system
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CN2010800309833A
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CN102473787B (zh
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M·雷斯
P·韦格里
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Eppsteinfoils & Co KG GmbH
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Eppsteinfoils & Co KG GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一用于光电作用的综合系统。该系统由一支持薄片,一金属薄片和一绝缘层组成,其中,所述金属薄片被安装在所述支持薄片上,所述绝缘层被安装在所述金属薄片上。不同的光电池可以通过不同的连接技术被固定在本发明的综合系统上,并以此电连接。此外,本发明也涉及一用于制作用于光电作用的综合系统的生产方法,以及将综合系统与电池晶片模块的反面相连接的运用,所述光电池在一面同时具有两个接点,别并通过这些接点与导体结构装置相连,并从而与一模块相连。本发明另外还涉及所述综合系统在内部连接的薄层光电池模块中的运用。

Description

用于光电作用的综合系统
本发明涉及一用于光电作用的综合系统。该系统由一支持薄片,一金属薄片和一绝缘层组成,其中,所述金属薄片被安装在所述支持薄片上,所述绝缘层被安装在所述金属薄片上。不同的光电池可以通过不同的连接技术被固定在本发明的综合系统上,并以此电连接。
此外,本发明也涉及一用于制作用于光电作用的综合系统的生产方法,以及将综合系统与电池晶片模块的反面相连接的运用,所述光电池在一面同时具有两个接点,别并通过这些接点与导体结构装置相连,并从而与一模块相连。本发明另外还涉及所述综合系统在内部连接的薄层光电池模块中的运用
光电模块能将太阳能直接转换成电能。一个光电模块中作为最重要的组成部分包含有许多个光电池(最多可含有160个)。这些光电池彼此相互连接,并通过各种不同的材料连接成一能达到多种目的的综合系统:该系统能形成一透明的,防辐射,防风雨的保护层,并通过相应的包装提供稳定的电源。易碎的光电池和电连接不受机械损伤和潮湿度的影响。除此以外,光电池的包装保证了足够的低温效应。其中的电部分不易被触及,整个模块可以安全地被操作安装。不同的光电模板具有不同种类的光电池。
一般来说,光电模块在对着太阳的一面含有一玻璃板(前面),该玻璃板通常为一所谓的钢化安全玻璃(ESG)。该玻璃通过一透明的合成材料层,比如乙二醇二乙酸酯说(EVA),或硅胶,与光电池相连。光电池被嵌在这层合成材料层中,并焊线彼此相连。在其反面,模块与防风雨层相连,该防风雨层由比如聚氟乙烯或聚酯制成,模块反面也可以与另一玻璃片连接。最后,光电模块在150℃下被碾压制成。在碾压过程中,乳白色的EVA层变为一透明,三维网状的,不能再被融化的合成材料层。光电池嵌在其中,并与玻璃片与背面层相连。
单晶体和多晶体光电池由所谓的晶片(单层或多层的硅片)制成。正如其在半导体制造中的运用。这些桂电池大部分的效率为20%或更多,其功率密度为20-50W/kg。多个这样的电池通过焊线被分别连接成一系列的纤维,知道形成所需的输出电压。多个这样的电池组彼此并列连接,从而使其输出电流相加,并形成模块线路。所形成的联络被称为汇流线。为了更好的相连,前一个电池的前端(负极)与后一电池的后端(正极)相连,负责其中镀锡的铜线经常被使用。
由于上述的前一电池的前端与后一电池的后端相连的过程十分难自动化,后端接点必须被强化。另外,由于需要节约成本,越来越多被使用的是越来越薄的晶片,其导致的易碎性使得所制得的光电池难以被操作使用。此外,在前端的连接线遮住了一部分的光,使其不能被用于电的产生,从而使整个光电模板的效率降低。US 2007/0125415A1描述了一种弥补上述损失的方法。其中,所谓的“光接受纤维”被使用。具体的说,上述的到达电池前端的被遮挡的光线被反射,并反射入电池中。但是这些纤维十分昂贵,因为其表面附有一银制层面,并很难在不破坏反射必须的表层的情况下与电池相连接。通过背面的连接点使得电池的正面被引导至背面,从而使两个接点在同一面能被接触到。这样在模块的生产过程中可以使用“拾取和放置”技术,在使用该技术的过程中,光电池自动地在接触结构上形成电路(电路板)并与其通过焊接,偶合或粘合的方式相连接。这一类型的在背面有连接的光电板在EP 1 449 261 B1中有描述。连接只在一面发生,能简化操作并能避免接线阻挡光线现象的发生。
在每个电池背面的线路板还能起到对晶片的稳定作用,尤其对薄晶片的稳定很有帮助。但是这种线路板价格昂贵,并需要互相连接,使线路板总共的尺寸比较大(模块大小),并使制作过程十分复杂。另外,这种晶片电池模块有多种不同的部分组成,每个组成部分都需要独立的安装步骤,使得制作过程繁琐,制作成本增高。本发明的任务在于,克服现有技术中的缺点,提供一种简单和低成本的晶片电池模块,尤其是能使用薄型晶片。使用越来越薄的晶片不但能避免光线被晶片吸收,还能使光线能透过晶片。这些光线最好能被重新反射入光电池中,其中一部分被吸收。
和单晶体,和多晶体光电池(晶片电池)不一样的是,所谓薄片电池多数是由一层由非晶体和/或微晶体硅(a-Si如μ-Si)制成的半导体片制成,也可以由碲化镉(CdTe),铜-铟-二硒(CIS)或其他材料制成。薄片模块的效率由于桂或半导体层厚度的降低为5%至7%之间,能量密度最大为2000W/kg。通过非晶体硅和晶体硅的结合,如微晶硅,可以实现对光谱更好的利用,效率能高达10%。在生产薄层模块的过程中,活性半导体层,如典型的非晶体和/或微晶体,通过特殊的镀层过程被附着在一玻璃片或灵活支持层上,如不锈钢或铜线。该过程的优点为简洁的光电池之间的连接。在活性材料镀层以后,渡层通过特殊的激光过程在电池内被分开,相互间连接。外部通过焊接的连接就此被省略。另有焊线被使用用来传导产生的电流。硅-薄层光电池在DE 44 10 220 B4和DE 10 2006 044 545 A1中被描述。
最常用的薄层光电池模块有一玻璃片(含有防反射镀层)构成,其上镀有一层导电透明层(透明导电氧化物-TCO,通常情况下为氧化锌)。该透明导电层构成前端连接层并通过激光建成,从而实现电池分配。一活动层,如一硅层,镀于其上,由此建立背面连接和反射层,因为光线需要多次通过所述薄型活动层(1-2μm),从而达到最大限度的吸收。模块在下部被封闭,从而不受风雨环境的影响。背面反射层又金属层构成,其粗糙的结构使漫反射成为可能,并能同时成为导电层,负责连接光电池(整合的背面连接和反射件)。或者,反射件以白颜色的形式被附着,进行漫反射。该情况下,活性层和白颜色中需要一透明的导电层,通常情况下为TCO。
在具有整合的背面连接的薄层模块中,反射件具有劣势,即反射和连接不能分开地被优化。例如,当其结构被加强时,其漫反射性能被加强,但其电阻同时也被增大。其次,其结构早镀层过程中只能被限定地控制。另外,该金属层对将模块中的电池分部分的激光过程有阻碍作用。过程中出现的金属头能造成破坏部分模块的短路。封闭模块所用的合成材料昂贵并难以被加工。因此,反射件和背面连接分开的薄层模块比较容易生产。反射件中所使用的颜色也有缺陷,即通过大波长段得到的反射值不够使用要求。在由多层活化层和涵盖一宽波长范围的光电池使用时,上述的缺点尤为突出。
在这两种不同种类的薄层模块中,正反两面的汇流线必须都以捆线的形式沿着长度方向被安装。由于捆线的长度以及其凹度,使得其价格昂贵并操作复杂。另外的缺点存在于镀锡的铜中。当锡层被损坏,或不存在时,暴露的铜会被腐蚀,从而降低模块的寿命。所述模块总共由多个部分组成,需要在多个加工过程中被加工,其价格昂贵,操作复杂,并容易引发错误。本发明的任务在于,提供一种简单和低成本的晶片电池模块结构。
本发明提供一种综合系统,其生产方式,以及其应用。本发明的综合系统有多种功能,这些功能对光电池和光电池模块的内部连接,模块的封闭和不受外界环境的影响有重要作用。其中,不被光电池吸收的光线被再反射,从而能被重新使用。本发明的综合系统能使光电模块的生产简单化并降低其成本,并提高其效率和可靠性。本发明的综合系统不仅适合晶片电池模块的背面连接,同时也适用于薄片晶体模块。导电体的构造,结构和连接最终决定了该综合系统的应用。
本发明的用于光电作用的综合系统,含有一支持薄片,该支持薄片能帮助模块抵御环境的影响,在其上附有其他功能层。所述支持薄片上安装有一金属薄片,该金属片具有连接电池的相应的结构并作为汇流线被使用(电功能),同时也具有视觉反射作用。该金属片具有一表面结构。一该绝缘层被安装在所述金属薄片,将电池于金属片绝缘。在连接点上可以通过机械切除或激光切除去处绝缘层。所述绝缘层具有连接件,能简化光电池在综合层上的固定过程。透过活性层的光线被导入金属层,从而能重新被反射回活性层。
通过不同的连接技术,本发明的综合系统能和光电池稳定连接。在本发明一优选的实例中,该综合系统通过一种导电的粘附剂与电池相连。在另一优选实例中,连接通过压嵌或激光作用产生。
或者,在迭片过程中,通过焊接,尤其优选为通过使用高熔点焊接建立电连接,
所述绝缘层的连接件是一粘合剂,并且/或者该绝缘层自身有粘附性能。其优势在于,光电池能十分方便地被拿取操作,能在进入迭层过程前在综合层上被粘附。再迭层过程以后,绝缘层能最终与综合层相连接。
所述支持薄片由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB),聚氟乙烯,乙二醇二乙酸酯(EVA)或一具有相似物理性能和热性能的合成材料制成。
在一本发明的优选实例中,所述支持薄片由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或由各种材料组合而成的材料制成,所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为双向拉伸聚合物,从而加强综合系统的机械稳定性。
薄层的厚度在25μm至100μm之间,优选为40μm 80μm,从而优化其导电性以及减少电流的损失。
在本发明另一优选实例中,支持薄片背面有一涂层,优选为一铝制层面。该涂层的优点尤其可以在支持薄片用作模块封闭中显现。
所述金属薄片由铜,铝或银,或锡或锡合金,或镀锡薄片制成。也可以使用铜,铝或银。所述金属薄片的厚度大于5μm,优选为5-25μm,尤为优选为10至20μm。
在本发明另一优选实例中,所述金属薄片具有一增加反射率的薄层,该薄层优选为表面镀银的锡片,或表面镀二氧化硅和/或二氧化钛的铝片。该薄片能保证透入活化层的有效的光折射,其中所述金属薄片上的这一薄层的折射率80%以上在波长范围300nm至1000nm之间。
在本发明的另一优选实例中,所述的金属薄片具有一表面结构,该表面结构保证了光反射,从而达到“关陷阱”的作用。该表面结构优选为均匀或不均匀的三维结构,尤其优选为棱椎形或半球形,其中,该结构的优选高度为1-20μm,尤为优选为5-15μm,特别优选为5-10μm。其高度为1-20μm,尤为优选为5-15μm,特别优选为5-10μm的随机分布,并且/或者该表面结构为顶角小于160°,尤为优选小于140°的棱椎。
在本发明的另一优选实例中,金属层的表面结构为棱椎形或半球形,其中,该结构的优选高度不超过1000nm,其中所述表面结构以及/或者所述棱椎或半球高度尤为优选在10-1000nm的随机分布,尤为优选的范围为100-1000nm。
在本发明的另一优选实例中,所述粘附于金属层的绝缘层由一透明电子绝缘材料制成,优选为一合成材料或一合成树脂,尤其优选为一环氧化物树脂。该绝缘层可以通过物理气相沉积或凝胶过程安装在金属层上。该绝缘层起到金属层和电池间的绝缘作用,并具有一定的击穿强度。另外,该绝缘层的波长范围在400nm至1000nm之间,并在视觉上是透明的(吸收系数小于3*10-3/cm)。另外,该绝缘层具有一小于或等于用于入光窗口的玻璃的折射率。该折射率大于1.4,优选为大于1.6。该绝缘层在连接点处断开,从而在综合系统中的金属层和光电池之间有电连接。
在本发明的另一优选实例中,所述绝缘层具有一小于或等于用于入光窗口的玻璃的折射率。该设置尤其在综合层对光吸收的不起决定性作用的情况下有用。所述绝缘层所使用的合成材料优选为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。这种材料的优势在于,在晶体的迭片过程和安装过中可以同时粘附在金属层上。另外的优点在于,由于在运输已经安装好的模块到迭片阶段的过程被简化,模块组成部分在迭片过程中移位现象不会发生。综合层片在电池安装过程中(拿起和放置),PVB层被粘附,电池被定位。
用于制作用于光电作用的综合系统的生产方法,包含以下生产步骤;将一优选结构化的金属层和一支持薄片通过一具有粘附作用的连接件相互连接。随后,所述金属层通过比如激光过程被局部切割,从而形成对汇流线或连接有用的接线板结构。然后,相互连接的金属层和支持薄片与绝缘层相连接。所述的绝缘层在固定部位被打开,从而建立电连接。连接开口可以在迭层步骤前才被打开。根据金属片的不同结构,本发明的综合系统可用于晶片电池或薄片电池的制作。各层之间的连接优选通过这些薄层自身的粘附功能。或者,金属层可以先与绝缘层相连,然后再与支持薄片相连。
最后,一粘附剂被使用在连接开口中。所用的粘附剂优选为一热硬化导电粘附剂,从而在迭层过程中能产生与光电池的电连接。或者,综合系统与晶片或薄层电池之间的连接通过使用一激光打孔过程形成。在此过程中,需要多加一加工过程。另一可能性为,通过喷射注射的方法建立电连接。
当本发明的综合系统用于与晶片模块背面连接的时候,能达到很大的成本节约,因为不需要再使用昂贵的电路板。另外,由于晶片薄,反射件被直接安装在导电结构中。
在本发明的另一优选制作用于光电作用的综合系统的生产方法中,在所述金属层和支持薄片被相互连接的过程前,一反射装置被压嵌入金属层中。在本发明的另一优选实例中,所述反射装置嵌入与金属层相连的支持薄片中,或者通过通过绝缘层传递至金属层。这样的结构能保证,光线能被反射,尽量多的光线能被导入至光电池中并被吸收(“光陷阱”)。
在本发明的另一优选实例中,所述金属层具有穿孔,从而使其能更好地与相邻的金属层相连。
在本发明的另一优选实例中,所述支持薄片由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)制成,该材料在连接玻璃中被运用,并有多种使用领域。另外,PVB已经在模块生产中被运用,从而使其在本发明的综合系统中的运用不再需要做过程上的调节。
绝缘层优选由一合成树脂,尤其优选为一环氧化物树脂合成。当反射装置被嵌入在金属层中时,金属层被环氧化物树脂封闭并稳定。该环氧化物树脂在迭层过程中不会再被软化,从而使反射装置位置固定。该合成树脂通过温度和/或紫外线被加工硬化。另外,该绝缘层应该在300nm至1000nm之间透明(α<3*10-3/cm)并具有一小于或等于用于入光窗口的玻璃的折射率。该折射率大于1.4,优选为大于1.6。该绝缘层在连接点处断开,从而在综合系统中的金属层和光电池之间有电连接。
在本发明的另一优选实例中,所述的绝缘层以涂层的形式被涂在金属层上。该绝缘层可以通过物理气相沉积或凝胶过程安装在金属层上。其优势在于优化的性能以及固定的绝缘层厚度。
在本发明的另一优选实例中,所述金属层在连接过程中在传导方向被涂层。该过程优选以激光方式进行,从而使本发明的综合系统以需要的形式和大小被生产。
以上述方法生产的综合系统可以以比如迭层或压嵌的方式与光电池连接,从而使光电池形成模块。另外,所述支持薄层向外有一接口,该模块自此被封闭,从而不受外界环境的影响。
在本发明的另一优选实例中,在迭层过程中,所述综合系统和光电池之间建立有电连接,优选为通过焊接,尤其优选为通过使用高熔点焊接建立电连接。所述模块在后方被封闭,一封盖玻璃被使用,并且/或者光电池被嵌入。
本发明另外涉及上述综合系统与电池晶片模块的反面相连接中的运用。在一面同时具有两个接点的晶片光电池通过这些接点与所述导体结构装置相连。所述连接过程可以在迭片过程中进行,在该过程中所述的电晶体连接同时产生。多个晶片光电池可以形成一个单元,并随后通过汇流线形成一晶片电池模块中的大单元。在迭片过程中,光电池与相应的在金属层内相嵌的导体结构装置可以通过纯机械的方式建立连接,也可以通过压嵌或对一导电粘附剂硬化的方式进行连接。
或者,在迭片过程中,所述电连接通过焊接建立,尤其优选为通过使用高熔点焊接建立电连接。
另一方面,本发明也涉及所述综合系统在薄层光电池模块中的运用。所述绝缘层在晶体模块的长边处有开口,用于与金属层接触。所述金属层分块或者通过模块共有的长度在模块边缘与活性层连接。所述金属层的长边分为两部分,从而形成导体结构装置,用于作为汇流线。所述两处反射件通过绝缘层与活动层绝缘。薄片晶体模块边缘厚度的不均必须被平衡,这种厚度不均是由于薄层光电池模块的边缘不具备绝缘层,从而能使模块顶盖与综合系统紧密相连,湿气不会侵入模块中。
在本发明的另一优选运用实例中,所述支持薄片为模块背面封闭层,起到保护模块不受环境影响的作用。或者,所述支持薄片与模块背面覆盖件形成一固定机械连接。所述的覆盖件由玻璃或其他的合成材料制成。
本发明的综合系统与现有技术相比有诸多优点。其中之一,所有材料的成本降低了。汇流线以及晶片模块内的电线不再需要。在使用薄片模块时不需要使用反射件颜色。不需要使用任何昂贵的线路板,只有少量的部件需要被加工。另外,模块制作过程所需的步骤降低。光电池之间的电连接,接触,以及模块的封闭可以在一步内完成。上述被省略的电线不再需要被安装,在背面具有接触件的晶片晶体可以通过使用“拾起放下”过程简单被安装,因为所有的电连接被安装在一平面中。另一优点在于,本发明的综合系统,根据其构造以及导体的接触,不但可以在晶片晶体中使用也可以在薄片光电池中使用。这给模块生产带来了更多的优点,因为两种模块可以被生产,生产过程被简化。所生产得到的PV-模块有诸多优点。通过导体结构装置在晶片晶体模块中作为反射件的运用,以及在薄片模块中起到更好的反射作用,模块的利用效率得到了提高。模块由减少了的组成部分构成,并具有更好的可靠性和更低的生产成本。
本发明的另一优点在于由于利用了本来不能被利用的光线而得到的效率的提高,以及由于金属层构造所达到的电流损失的降低(金属以及切面)。
本发明通过以下的示意图进一步被阐明。这些示意图对本发明不起限定作用。
图1为本发明的用于光电作用的综合系统的切面示意图。
图2为晶片光电池模块中电池连接范例示意图。
图3为晶片晶体模块背面连接中使用的本发明的综合系统的切面图。
图4为在“相互分开的反射件与背面连接“型薄片模块中应用的本发明的综合系统的示意图。
图5为在薄层模块中应用的本发明的综合系统的层面结构示意图。
图1显示了本发明的用于光电作用的综合系统的切面示意图。所述的可以由比如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)制成的支持薄片2携带其他的功能层,并形成保护模块不受外界环境影响的封闭层。在该层上有一金属层3粘附其上。该金属层可以由锡制成,其厚度大于5μm,并具有一导体结构装置(图2)。该层起到光电池连接作用,并被作为汇流线使用,又同时作为反射件。在该金属层上有一绝缘层4,用来是金属层和光电池绝缘。在一粘附剂的帮助下,活动层5,如一晶片-或薄片光电池,与绝缘层4相连接。绝缘层4必须在有电连接的地方被断开(图中未显示)。光线7照在活动层5上,透过活动层5的光线被金属层3反射,并重回活动层5上。
图2为晶片光电池模块中电池连接(15)范例示意图。电路在金属层中被切出,并具有导电粘附剂。在同一面具有两处连接处(+/-)的晶片光电池8,安装在电路中,并通过迭层与本发明的综合系统相连。晶片电池8与综合系统相连,模块向外封闭。
图3为晶片晶体模块背面连接中使用的本发明的综合系统的切面图。前端连接9和背面连接14被安装在晶片电池下端。如此,通过一导电粘附剂可以建立电连接10。在连接处,绝缘层11被断开,从而保证了晶片电池9,14与有反射功能的位于支持薄片13上的电路12之间的连接。当光线透过晶片电池8时,将被电路12反射,使其重新回到电池中,从而实现了能量输出的提高。
图4为在“相互分开的反射件与背面连接”型薄片模块中应用的本发明的综合系统的示意图。所述金属层的长边分为两部分,用于作为汇流线,并形成有结构的反射件18。两处反射件通过绝缘层的作用与活动层,在此例中为薄层光电池,绝缘。活动层的边缘不具备绝缘层,能使模块因电流取出的需要被接触。反射层被用作为汇流线。
如图5所示,支持薄片2必须平衡在模块边缘由于没有绝缘层4的厚度不均。所述综合系统可以与构成模块前后两端面的玻璃片相连。这样能避免湿气进入模块中。光线7透入前端玻璃6以及活动层5,并反射(慢反射)到金属层3上,并重新回到活动层中,从而提高能量输出。
列表:
1背面支持件
2支持薄片
3金属层
4视觉透明绝缘层
5活动层
6前端玻璃
7光线射入
8晶片光电池
9前端连接点
10电连接
11绝缘层
12导体结构装置
13支持薄片
14背面连接点
15纤维束
16内部具有纤维束的薄层光电池
17汇流线-反射器与光电池的连接
18质地化的反射器。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.用于光电作用的综合系统,不包括附着于家用电器的表面,含有以下组成部分:
-一支持薄片(2),
-一金属薄片(3),该金属薄片被安装在所述支持薄片(2)上,以及
-一绝缘层(4),该绝缘层被安装在所述金属薄片(3)上,
其特征在于,
-所述金属薄片(3)具有一表面结构,并且
-所述绝缘层(4)具有连接件。
2.根据权利要求1的综合系统,其特征在于,所述绝缘层(4)的连接件
-是一粘合剂,并且/或者
-该绝缘层自身有粘附性能。
3.根据权利要求1或2的综合系统,其特征在于,所述绝缘层(4)
-由一透明电子绝缘材料制成,优选为一合成材料或一合成树脂,尤其优选为一环氧化物树脂,或由一溶胶凝胶层或一电介质层构成,并且/或者波长范围在400nm至1000nm之间,折射率大于1.6,或者
-其折射率小于或等于用于入光窗口的玻璃的折射率,并且/或者
-所述绝缘层(4)由一合成材料制成,该合成材料具有粘附性,所述材料优选为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项中的综合系统,其特征在于,所述支持薄片(2)
-由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,聚氟乙烯,乙二醇二乙酸酯或一具有相似物理性能和热性能的合成材料制成,或者
-由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或与各种材料组合连接而成的材料制成,所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为双向拉伸聚合物,并且/或者
-背面有一涂层,优选为一铝制层面。
5.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项中的综合系统,其特征在于,所述金属薄片(3)
-由铜,铝或银,或锡或锡合金,或镀锡薄片制成,并且/或者
-厚度大于5μm,优选为10至20μm,并且/或者
-具有一增加反射率的薄层,该薄层优选为二氧化硅和/或二氧化钛,其中所述金属薄片(3)上的这一薄层的折射率80%以上在波长范围300nm至1000nm之间,并且/或者
-具有一表面结构,该表面结构优选为均匀或不均匀的三维结构,尤其优选为棱椎形或半球形,其中,该结构的优选高度为5μm至10μm,其高度尤为优选在5μm至10μm的随机分布,并且/或者该表面结构为顶角小于140°的棱椎,并且/或者
-具有一表面结构,该表面结构优选为均匀或不均匀的三维结构,尤其优选为棱椎形或半球形,其中,该结构的优选高度不超过1000nm,其中所述表面结构以及/或者所述棱椎或半球高度尤为优选在10-1000nm的随机分布,尤为优选的范围为100-1000nm。
6.用于制作权利要求1至5中任意一项中的用于光电作用的综合系统的生产方法,包含以下生产步骤;
-生产一金属层(3),
-将金属层(3)和一支持薄片(2)通过一具有粘附作用的连接件相互连接,
-将所述金属层(3)和支持薄片(2)与一绝缘层(4)通过一具有粘附作用的连接件相互连接,以及
-将绝缘层(4)打开以便接触。
7.用于制作权利要求1至5中任意一项中的用于光电作用的综合系统的生产方法,包含以下生产步骤;
-生产一金属层(3),
-将金属层(3)和一绝缘层(4)通过一具有粘附作用的连接件相互连接,
-将所述金属层(3)和绝缘层(4)与一支持薄片(2)通过一具有粘附作用的连接件相互连接,以及
-将绝缘层(4)打开以便接触。
8.权利要求6或7中生产方法,其特征在于,
-在所述金属层(3)和支持薄片(2)被相互连接的过程中或过程后,一导体结构装置(12)优选通过激光被切装入金属层(3)中,并且/或者
-在所述支持薄片(2)与金属层(3)被相互连接的过程中或后,一反射装置被压嵌入金属层(3)中,或者
-所述绝缘层(4)在与金属层(3)的连接面具有一败反射装置,绝缘层通过该反射装置与所述金属层(3)相连接,并且/或者
-所述金属层(3)具有穿孔,并且/或者
-所述金属层(3)在与支持薄片(2)相连接的过程中在传输面被涂层,优选为通过激光的方法被涂层,并且/或者
-所述支持薄片(2)由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成,并且/或者
-作为绝缘层(4)一合成树脂,尤其优选为一环氧化物树脂被使用,该合成树脂通过温度和/或紫外线被加工硬化,或者
-所述绝缘层(4)由一双向拉伸聚合物构成,改双向拉伸聚合物通过PVD过程被使用,并且/或者
-在建立所述综合系统和光电池(5,8)之间的电连接(10)时,一热硬化导电粘附剂被用于接触孔中,或者被使用于一激光打孔过程中,并且/或者
-所述综合系统通过迭片或喷射注射与光电池(5,8)连接,从而使与光电池(5,8)的连接成为一模块。
9.权利要求6或8中生产方法,其特征在于,在迭片过程中:
-所述综合系统和光电池(5,8)之间建立有电连接(10),优选为通过焊接,尤其优选为通过使用高熔点焊接建立电连接,
-所述模块在后方被封闭,
-一封盖玻璃被使用,并且/或者
-光电池(8)被嵌入。
10.运用权利要求1至5中任意一项中的综合系统与电池晶片模块的反面相连接,其特征在于,
-所述在一面同时具有接点(9,14)的光电池(8)通过这些接点与所述导体结构装置(12)相连,并且/或者
-所述光电池在组合过程中与粘附并固定在绝缘层上,
-或者所述支持薄片(2)用来保护背面的模块的后盖,其中所述支持薄片(2)优选与背面的模块遮盖形成牢固的机械连接。
11.权利要求1至5中任意一项中的综合系统在薄层光电池模块中形成汇流线的运用,其特征在于,
-所述绝缘层(4)在晶体模块的长边处有开口用于与金属层(3,8)的接口(17)接触,
-所述金属层(3,8)的长边分为两部分,从而形成导体结构装置,用于作为汇流线,
-其中,所述金属层同时被用来作为反射件。
12.根据权利要求11中的综合系统在薄层光电池模块中的运用,其特征在于,
-所述支持薄片(2)平衡了晶体模块边缘厚度的不均,这种厚度不均是由于薄层光电池模块的边缘不具备绝缘层,
-所述金属层(3)分块或者通过模块共有的长度在模块边缘与活性层(5)连接,并且/或者
-所述支持薄片(2)用来保护背面的模块的后盖,其中所述支持薄片(2)优选与背面的模块遮盖形成牢固的机械连接。

Claims (12)

1.用于光电作用的综合系统,含有以下组成部分:
-一支持薄片(2),
-一金属薄片(3),该金属薄片被安装在所述支持薄片(2)上,以及
-一绝缘层(4),该绝缘层被安装在所述金属薄片(3)上,
其特征在于,
-所述金属薄片(3)具有一表面结构,并且
-所述绝缘层(4)具有连接件。
2.根据权利要求1的综合系统,其特征在于,所述绝缘层(4)的连接件
-是一粘合剂,并且/或者
-该绝缘层自身有粘附性能。
3.根据权利要求1或2的综合系统,其特征在于,所述绝缘层(4)
-由一透明电子绝缘材料制成,优选为一合成材料或一合成树脂,尤其优选为一环氧化物树脂,或由一溶胶凝胶层或一电介质层构成,并且/或者波长范围在400nm至1000nm之间,折射率大于1.6,并且/或者
-其折射率小于或等于用于入光窗口的玻璃的折射率,并且/或者
-所述绝缘层(4)由一合成材料制成,该合成材料具有粘附性,所述材料优选为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项中的综合系统,其特征在于,所述支持薄片(2)
-由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,聚氟乙烯,乙二醇二乙酸酯或一具有相似物理性能和热性能的合成材料制成,或者
-由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或由各种材料组合而成的材料制成,所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为双向拉伸聚合物,并且/或者
-背面有一涂层,优选为一铝制层面。
5.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项中的综合系统,其特征在于,所述金属薄片(3)
-由铜,铝或银,或锡或锡合金,或镀锡薄片制成,并且/或者
-厚度大于5μm,优选为10至20μm,并且/或者
-具有一增加反射率的薄层,该薄层优选为二氧化硅和/或二氧化钛,其中所述金属薄片(3)上的这一薄层的折射率80%以上在波长范围300nm至1000nm之间,并且/或者
-具有一表面结构,该表面结构优选为均匀或不均匀的三维结构,尤其优选为棱椎形或半球形,其中,该结构的优选高度为5μm至10μm,其高度尤为优选在5μm至10μm的随机分布,并且/或者该表面结构为顶角小于140°的棱椎,并且/或者
-具有一表面结构,该表面结构优选为均匀或不均匀的三维结构,尤其优选为棱椎形或半球形,其中,该结构的优选高度不超过1000nm,其中所述表面结构以及/或者所述棱椎或半球高度尤为优选在10-1000nm的随机分布,尤为优选的范围为100-1000nm。
6.用于制作权利要求1至5中任意一项中的用于光电作用的综合系统的生产方法,包含以下生产步骤;
-生产一金属层(3),
-将金属层(3)和一支持薄片(2)通过一具有粘附作用的连接件相互连接,
-将所述金属层(3)和支持薄片(2)与一绝缘层(4)通过一具有粘附作用的连接件相互连接,以及
-将绝缘层(4)打开以便接触。
7.用于制作权利要求1至5中任意一项中的用于光电作用的综合系统的生产方法,包含以下生产步骤;
-生产一金属层(3),
-将金属层(3)和一绝缘层(4)通过一具有粘附作用的连接件相互连接,
-将所述金属层(3)和绝缘层(4)与一支持薄片(2)通过一具有粘附作用的连接件相互连接,以及
-将绝缘层(4)打开以便接触。
8.权利要求6或7中生产方法,其特征在于,
-在所述金属层(3)和支持薄片(2)被相互连接的过程中或过程后,一导体结构装置(12)优选通过激光被切装入金属层(3)中,并且/或者
-在所述支持薄片(2)与金属层(3)被相互连接的过程中或后,一反射装置被压嵌入金属层(3)中,或者
-所述绝缘层(4)在与金属层(3)的连接面具有一败反射装置,绝缘层通过该反射装置与所述金属层(3)相连接,并且/或者
-所述金属层(3)具有穿孔,并且/或者
-所述金属层(3)在与支持薄片(2)相连接的过程中在传输面被涂层,优选为通过激光的方法被涂层,并且/或者
-所述支持薄片(2)由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成,并且/或者
-作为绝缘层(4)一合成树脂,尤其优选为一环氧化物树脂被使用,该合成树脂通过温度和/或紫外线被加工硬化,或者
-所述绝缘层(4)由一双向拉伸聚合物构成,改双向拉伸聚合物通过PVD过程被使用,并且/或者
-在建立所述综合系统和光电池(5,8)之间的电连接(10)时,一热硬化导电粘附剂被用于接触孔中,或者被使用于一激光打孔过程中,并且/或者
-所述综合系统通过迭片或喷射注射与光电池(5,8)连接,从而使与光电池(5,8)的连接成为一模块。
9.权利要求6或8中生产方法,其特征在于,在迭片过程中:
-所述综合系统和光电池(5,8)之间建立有电连接(10),优选为通过焊接,尤其优选为通过使用高熔点焊接建立电连接,
-所述模块在后方被封闭,
-一封盖玻璃被使用,并且/或者
-光电池(8)被嵌入。
10.运用权利要求1至5中任意一项中的综合系统与电池晶片模块的反面相连接,其特征在于,
-所述在一面同时具有接点(9,14)的光电池(8)通过这些接点与所述导体结构装置(12)相连,并且/或者
-所述光电池在组合过程中与粘附并固定在绝缘层上,并且/或者
-所述支持薄片(2)用来保护背面的模块的后盖,其中所述支持薄片(2)优选与背面的模块遮盖形成牢固的机械连接。
11.权利要求1至5中任意一项中的综合系统在薄层光电池模块中的运用,其特征在于,
-所述绝缘层(4)在晶体模块的长边处有开口用于与金属层(3,8)的接口(17)接触,
-所述金属层(3,8)的长边分为两部分,从而形成导体结构装置,用于作为汇流线。
12.根据权利要求11中的综合系统在薄层光电池模块中的运用,其特征在于,
-所述支持薄片(2)平衡了晶体模块边缘厚度的不均,这种厚度不均是由于薄层光电池模块的边缘不具备绝缘层,
-所述金属层(3)分块或者通过模块共有的长度在模块边缘与活性层(5)连接,并且/或者
-所述支持薄片(2)用来保护背面的模块的后盖,其中所述支持薄片(2)优选与背面的模块遮盖形成牢固的机械连接。
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