CN102411220A - 柔性电激活透镜 - Google Patents

柔性电激活透镜 Download PDF

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CN102411220A
CN102411220A CN2011104052478A CN201110405247A CN102411220A CN 102411220 A CN102411220 A CN 102411220A CN 2011104052478 A CN2011104052478 A CN 2011104052478A CN 201110405247 A CN201110405247 A CN 201110405247A CN 102411220 A CN102411220 A CN 102411220A
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CN102411220B (zh
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R·D·布卢姆
J·N·哈多克
W·科科纳斯基
J·亨克勒
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
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    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/08—Auxiliary lenses; Arrangements for varying focal length
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/145—Corneal inlays, onlays, or lenses for refractive correction
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
    • A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
    • A61F2/1616—Pseudo-accommodative, e.g. multifocal or enabling monovision
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
    • A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
    • A61F2/1624—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus having adjustable focus; power activated variable focus means, e.g. mechanically or electrically by the ciliary muscle or from the outside
    • A61F2/1627—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus having adjustable focus; power activated variable focus means, e.g. mechanically or electrically by the ciliary muscle or from the outside for changing index of refraction, e.g. by external means or by tilting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/013—Instruments for compensation of ocular refraction ; Instruments for use in cornea removal, for reshaping or performing incisions in the cornea
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
    • G02B1/041—Lenses
    • G02B1/043—Contact lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
    • G02C7/049—Contact lenses having special fitting or structural features achieved by special materials or material structures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0001—Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0526—Head electrodes
    • A61N1/0543—Retinal electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/18—Cellular lens surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/20—Diffractive and Fresnel lenses or lens portions

Abstract

一种透镜，其包括具有固定折射率的柔性折射光学镜、嵌入在该柔性折射光学镜中且具有可变的折射率的电激活元件和电连接到该电激活元件的控制器，其中，当提供给其电能时，该电激活元件的折射率被改变。

Description

柔性电激活透镜
本申请是申请号为200880009445.9(PCT/US2008/051649)、申请日为2008年1月22日名称为“柔性电激活透镜”的专利申请的分案申请。
发明人
R.D.布卢姆(Ronald D.Blum)，J.N.哈多克(Joshua N.Haddock)，W.科科纳斯基(William Kokonaski)，J.亨克勒(John Hunkeler)
相关申请数据
本发明要求2007年01月22日递交的临时申请号为60/881,514，标题为“Advanced Dynamic Electro-Active Intra-Ocular Lens(高级动态电激活眼内透镜)”美国临时申请的优先权，并且与2006年05月04日公开的美国公开号US 2006/0095128-A1；2004年12月17日递交的中请号为60/636,490的美国临时申请；2004年11月02日递交的申请号为60/623,947的美国临时申请；2005年03月09日递交的申请号为60/659,431的美国临时申请；2005年04月08日递交的申请号为60/669,403的美国临时申请；和2007年10月05日递交的申请号为60/960,607的美国临时申请相关，其所有通过引用全部结合在本文。
背景技术
眼内透镜(IOL)可以用在眼睛表面以修复视觉功能，例如，通过白内障外科手术的用于患者的植入物。IOL包括提供单个焦点或单个屈光力(optical power)的单焦点透镜、提供多个焦点或屈光力的多焦点透镜，和调整透镜焦点的适应性透镜。
该IOL可以通过眼睛的小的3mm或更小的切口以折叠状态插入。具有活塞的似注射器器件可以用以帮助应用和安置该IOL在预前容置被取下的天然晶状体的囊袋中。该IOL一旦在眼睛中，可以展开到它的自然状态。当用于插入IOL至眼睛中的切口尺寸大于2-3mm时，所不希望的角膜散光变化发生。因此，眼科专家更喜欢使用可能用于插入IOL至眼睛中的最小的切口。因此，这个使柔性的和可折叠的IOL成为实际上必要性。
角膜嵌体(inlay)、角膜高嵌体(on-lay)及单视和双焦接触透镜(contact lens)还用以矫正患者的视力。在许多实例中，佩戴这些以对于患者远距与近距视力需要而矫正。当应用在眼睛上或眼睛中的时候，这些中的每个是非常薄的光学镜(0ptic)并需要曲率。
目前，所有已知的在电激活透镜内的电激活元件是用硬质材料制造。在关于电激活接触透镜的本发明的某个先前实施例中，电激活元件容置在柔性的外部宿主材料中。然而，该电激活元件是硬质的，且因此可能增加一些厚度到该接触透镜。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供包括具有固定折射率的柔性折射光学镜、嵌置在该柔性折射光学镜中的电激活元件和电连接到该电激活元件的控制器的柔性电激活透镜。其中，该电激活元件具有可变折射率。其中当给所述电激活元件施加电能时，该电激活元件的折射率被改变。该柔性电激活透镜可以包括一个或更多眼内透镜、眼内光学镜、眼镜片(spectacle lens)、接触透镜、角膜高嵌体、角膜嵌体和眼间透镜(inter-ocular lense)。
附图说明
参照以下图将描述本发明的特定实施例，其中：
图1示出根据本发明的一个实施例的处于折叠状态的具有柔性外壳和硬质电激活元件的柔性电激活透镜2；
图2A示出根据本发明的一个实施例的处于折叠状态的具有柔性外壳和柔性电激活元件的柔性电激活透镜2；
图2B示出根据本发明的一个实施例的处于展开状态的具有硬质外壳和柔性电激活元件的电激活透镜2；
图3A和图3B分别示出根据本发明的一个实施例的处于展开状态的具有表面起伏衍射图案和液晶层的柔性电激活透镜2的膨胀和压扁视图。
图4A示出根据本发明的一个实施例的处于折叠状态的具有多个电激活元件的柔性电激活透镜2；
图4B示出根据本发明的一个实施例的图4A中多个电激活元件；
图5A、图5B、图5C和图5D中每个示出根据本发明的一个实施例的具有电激活元件的柔性电激活透镜2的正视图；
图6示出眼睛的协调转动(encyclorotation)；
图7A和图7B中每个示出根据本发明的一个实施例的具有轴线A的柔性电激活透镜2的正视图，和在轴线A获得的柔性电激活透镜2的横截面图；和
图8A、图8B和图8C中每个示出根据本发明的一个实施例的在具有不同瞳孔尺寸的眼睛中的电激活透镜2的放置。
通过参照下面特定实施例的详细描述和例证这些实施例的附图将更好的理解本发明的方法和装置。
具体实施方式
通过附图例证的下面优选实施例是本发明的图示并不是旨在限制如通过这个申请的权利要求所包含的本发明。
图1、图2A、图2B、图3A、图3B、图4A、图4B、图5A、图5B、图5C、图5D、图7A和图7B示出根据本发明不同实施例的柔性电激活透镜2。虽然电激活透镜被描述，但是本发明的实施例可以用作包括例如，眼内透镜、眼镜片、接触透镜、角膜高嵌体、角膜嵌体和眼间透镜的其它透镜。
电激活元件(如，参照图1、图2A、图2B、图4A、图4B、图5A、图5B、图5C、图5D、图7A和图7B中描述的)，液晶层(如，参照图4A和图4B中描述的)，和象素化(pixilated)元件可以全部用于描述具有可以通过电控制而改变的光学性能的材料。虽然在这里描述的可变性能通常包括折射率和屈光力，本发明的实施例可以包括具有其它可变性能，例如，棱镜度，着色和不透明性的电激活透镜2。该材料的性能可以被电和/或光学地控制。
术语例如“硬质的”“坚硬的”“非柔性的”“无弹性的”和/或“不可折叠的”可以全部用于描述适用于当施加超过预定阈值的力时抵抗结构或形状变化的材料或结构。术语例如“可弯的”、“软的”、“柔性的”、“弹性的”和/或“可折叠的”可以全部用于描述适用于当施加超过预定阈值的力时改变结构或形状的材料或结构。术语例如“展开的”、“展开状态”、“自然的”、“平的”和/或“松弛的”可以全部用于描述在相对高熵状态(如，如图2B、图3A、图3B、图4B、图5A、图5B、图5C、图5D、图7A和图7B中所示)的材料或结构。术语
“折叠的”、“折叠状态”、“曲形的”和/或“弯曲的”可以全部用于描述在相对低熵的状态(如，如图1、图2A和图4A中所示)的材料或结构。
图1示出处于折叠状态具有柔性外壳4和嵌入该外壳的硬质电激活元件的柔性电激活透镜2。当该电激活透镜被折叠时，该硬质电激活元件6通常不能弯曲。该硬质元件可以保护容纳于其中的元件不受到压缩、因材料膨胀或收缩的弯曲或内部或外部给该元件的其它力。该硬质元件可以包括硬质外包体并可以具有弹性部件，如电激活材料。通常地，该硬质元件可以是与该电激活透镜的外围边缘相间隔，以允许其的折叠。
图2A示出处于折叠状态的具有柔性外壳4和嵌入在该外壳中的柔性电激活元件6的柔性电激活透镜2。因为该柔性电激活元件通常不能阻止该电激活透镜发生弯曲，所以该电激活元件可以进一步朝向其处通常发生折叠的该电激活透镜外围边缘而径向地延伸。例如，当该电激活透镜被折叠时，该柔性电激活元件可以沿被折叠透镜的外围弯曲处而成曲形。该柔性电激活透镜可以被嵌入在用于作为眼镜片使用的硬质外壳中。
图2B示出处于展开状态具有硬质外壳4和嵌入在该外壳中的柔性电激活元件6的电激活透镜2。例如，该元件可以是用于保护容纳在其中的元件不受到一些外部或内部力，和/或用于使该电激活透镜偏置向展开状态的最低限度地刚性。该电激活元件可以是比该电激活透镜较少柔性。
在参照图1和图2A中的柔性外壳4中，和在参照图2A和图2B中的柔性电激活元件6中，该电激活透镜2的每个柔性元件可以适用于在折叠状态和展开状态之间移动。该柔性外壳和/或该柔性电激活中的每个可以由柔性材料，例如，聚砜、聚醚酰亚胺和/或其它热塑性材料构成。聚砜是一类在宽温度范围(如，从-110℃至+150℃)和pH范围(如，从2至13)之中稳定的透明介电聚合物。聚砜对矿物酸、碱、电解液、酸和盐基(base)是有高抵抗力的。聚砜对氧化剂，例如漂白剂是高抵抗力的，当例如，该电激活透镜被用作接触透镜时，该氧化剂可以应用到柔性外壳以用于透镜清洗。
再次参照图1、图2A和图2B，该外壳可以或可以不具有屈光力。具有屈光力的外壳可以具有固定屈光力和可以是折射或衍射透镜(如，在图3A和图3B中所示)。例如，不具有屈光力的外壳可能不聚焦光。
该电激活元件6可以具有可变折射率。该电激活元件可以设置在电极之间(如在图3A、图3B、图5C和图5D中所示)，这些电极可适用于施加电能给该元件。该电激活透镜2可包括控制器(如在图3A、图3B、图5C和图5D中所示)，其可以例如，通过该电极而电连接到该电激活元件。该控制器可以适用于电驱动这些电极以调制施加给该电激活元件的电能。当电能施加给该元件时，例如，该电能在预定阈值以上，其折射率被改变。该控制器可以包括驱动电子器件、诸如可充电电池的供电装置和其它用于驱动这些电极的元件。
再次参照图2A，该电激活透镜2可以是包括柔性外壳4和嵌入该外壳的柔性电激活元件6的柔性电激活透镜。该柔性外壳可以具有固定屈光力。该电激活元件可以具有适用于在从最小屈光力到最大屈光力的屈光力范围中变化的屈光力。电极10可以电连接到该电激活元件用于给其提供电能。当施加给该元件的电能低于第一预定阈值时，该元件可以具有最小屈光力。当施加给该元件的电能高于第二预定阈值时，该元件可以具有最大屈光力。该固定屈光力可以大于该最大屈光力。这样，该固定屈光力可以提供该柔性电激活透镜的大部分屈光力。
在本发明中，对于故障保护操作，当没有电能施加(例如跨接这些电极)时，通过电激活元件提供的屈光力的损失可以是最小的。例如，该透镜2可以用作具有固定屈光力的静态透镜，例如，适用于在远处或者备选地在中间距离或者备选地在近距离处进行矫正。
参照图1、图2A、图2B、图3A和图3B，该外壳4可以包括用于容纳该电激活元件的前膜层(film)和后膜层。例如，这些膜层中的每个可大约为100微米厚，并且该电激活透镜可以大约为小于或等于500微米厚。参照图2A和图3B，该电激活透镜可以是，例如，在展开状态下大约小于或等于200微米厚。展开的电激活透镜可以是，例如，大约9mm宽，并且折叠的电激活透镜可以是，例如，小于或等于大约3mm宽。
当用作角膜嵌体时，该电激活透镜的直径不应该超过角膜的直径。在本发明的一些实施例中，该外壳的外表面可以成曲形以充分匹配该角膜的曲率(当用在角膜嵌体中)或眼睛的表面(当用在接触透镜中)。
图1包括在两个尺寸中的折叠电激活透镜2的测量示例。虽然其它尺寸可以采用，但是折叠电激活透镜的水平尺寸小于或等于2.8mm是优选的。
参照图4A和图4B，该电激活元件可以包括多个单独激活的液晶层，用于提供在最小和最大屈光力之间的附加屈光力。
图3A和图3B分别示出根据本发明的另一个实施例的处于展开状态的具有表面起伏衍射图案和液晶层的柔性电激活透镜2的膨胀和压扁视图。该电激活透镜可以是包括具有在深度d以内改变的表面起伏衍射图案20的第一柔性膜层8a、第二柔性膜层8b、具有电激活材料16的液晶层22、电极10、控制器12、电连接14和定向层(alignmentlayer)18的柔性透镜。该液晶层可以设置于该第一和第二膜层之间，该第一和第二膜层可以形成柔性外壳8以包装该层。该膜层可以由，例如，聚砜、聚醚酰亚胺和/或其它柔性材料构成。
这些电极10可以电连接到该液晶层用于给其提供电能。该控制器12可以适用于电驱动这些电极用于调制供给该层的电能。该液晶层可以具有可变的折射率。当施加该层电能，例如，在预定阈值以上，其折射率被改变。
当给其施加低于第一预定阈值的电能时，该定向层18可以使电激活材料16的分子取向以提供该液晶层22的初始折射率。具有高于第二预定阈值的电能的电场可以施加(如，跨接电极)以定向电激活材料的分子以改变该液晶层的折射率。
该第一和第二膜层的折射率通常是固定的。在一个实施例中，该液晶层的折射率可以在与该第一和第二膜层的固定折射率匹配和失配之间交替变化。
在图3A和图3B中，对于故障保护操作，当没有电能施加(跨接电极)，该液晶层可以具有(仅仅通过示例的方式)折射率n(如，1.67)和大约等于该膜层的表面起伏衍射图案20的厚度(如，小于10？m)。在这个实施例中，制成表面起伏衍射的材料也具有1.67率。当该液晶层的折射率匹配于该表面起伏衍射的折射率时，该电激活透镜将具有可忽略的屈光力。当该液晶的折射率没有与该衍射材料的相匹配，该电激活透镜将具有如通过该衍射图案形成的屈光力。
图4A示出处于折叠状态的具有多个电激活层的柔性电激活透镜2，并且图4B示出图4A中多个电激活元件。在图4A，该电激活透镜可以包括具有固定折射率的柔性外壳4、例如以堆叠构造排列的嵌入在其中的多个电激活元件6a、6b、6c和6d和独立地电连接到每个电激活元件的电极10。在图4B中，该电激活元件6a、6b和6c可以包括通过诸如柔性介电膜层的绝缘材料24隔开的电激活材料层16。在图4A和图4B中，该电激活元件可以是硬质的、柔性的或比该外壳较少柔性的。
在图4A和图4B中，每个电激活元件可以具有可变的折射率，并可以单独激活。因为每个电激活元件与另一个是绝缘的，选择地或在任何组合中开启一个电激活元件或多个元件是可能的。通过做这个，拥有屈光力的附加组合或提供单个屈光力是可能的。这个允许用于外科移植手术后调谐包括如光学堆叠式多层的电激活元件的透镜或光学镜的屈光力的能力。
该电激活元件可以响应于从该电激活透镜外部的源的控制信号而被激活。参照图5A、图5B、图5C和图5D，该电激活透镜可以包括如传感器件和/或记忆金属的接收器，用于接收从透镜外部的源的控制信号。该控制信号可以用以调制施加到每个元件的电能，用于远程调谐其屈光力。
再次参照图4A图4B，该电激活元件可以进行堆叠并可以单独激活以在这些元件的可变屈光力的任何组合中改变这些电激活透镜总的屈光力。
在图4B中，该电激活透镜包括电激活元件6a、6b和6c，当被激活时，其分别具有+0.25D或-0.25D、+0.50D或-0.50D和+2.50D或+1.25D的示范性屈光力。例如，这些元件可以在各种组合中被激活以用于提供总的屈光力。该总的屈光力在从+.25D或-.25D(通过仅示例的方式，通过仅激活无论何时需要的+0.25D或和-.25D)的最小屈光力到+4.50D(通过仅示例的方式的、通过激活+25D、+50D、+2.50D和+1.25D的组合)的最大屈光力的范围中。在这个示例中，这些电激活透镜可以具有在最小和最大屈光力之间以.25D(正的或负的)的每个增量的屈光力。当每个元件在适当的组合中单独激活时，该元件可以提供在屈光力中的变化增量，并且该电激活透镜总的屈光力可以被调谐到期望屈光力。虽然在这个示例中，屈光力中的变化增量是0.25D，但是在特定的其它实施例中，它是0.12D。这些元件可以适用于提供对近的、中间的和/或远距离观看的矫正。可以认识到，本文使用的这些值旨在用于示范，并且不同屈光力、屈光力中变化增量和/或大量电激活元件(如，尺寸限制在用于适合眼睛)可以被使用。
在本发明中，一个或更多个元件6c可以进行象素化(pixilated)。电极可以施加电能给这些象素化元件。通过分流某些电极，提供大约这些元件的最大屈光力的50％是可能的。在以上示例中，元件6c可以提供+2.50D的最大屈光力和+1.25D的减少50％的屈光力。
一个或更多个该电激活元件可以包括模态元件(modal element)。当电动势梯度被施加到可变焦模态透镜时，模态元件可以改变屈光力。模态元件可以成为使用例如液晶的折射光学镜。
再次参照图4A和图4B，电激活元件6a、6b、6c和6d可以包括聚合物分散液晶和双稳液晶的组合。当足够的电能施加到每个元件(如，跨接电极)时，该双稳晶体可以进行调谐用于获得期望屈光力，而一旦设定期望屈光力，聚合物分散液晶可以在元件内进行远程固化(cured)或固定。尽管该电激活透镜置于或嵌入在眼睛中，固化该晶体可以固定分子的取向用于确保所调谐的屈光力。具有眼安全波长(如，1.5？m波长)的电磁信号(如，激光)可以用于远程固化该晶体，例如，采用对电磁信号的波长敏感的启动器。聚合物分散液晶可以包括，例如，向列型液晶混合物E7(Merck生产)和UV固化光学黏合剂NOA65(Norland Products生产)的混合物。在一个实施例中，尽管该电激活透镜被嵌入在眼睛中，但是采用置于眼睛外部的器件，该双稳液晶可以远程调谐，并且该聚合体可以远程固化。
双稳液晶材料可以用以减少给该电激活透镜供电而随时间所需的电能消耗的数量。在超出第一预定阈值的合适的第一电压的施加之时，一旦电压被消除，每个个体双稳液晶的全部趋向可以保持在通过第一电压所引致的取向。它们可以通过施加低于第二预定阈值的第二电压而返回到它们原始状态。双稳液晶可以包括，例如，表面稳定化铁电液晶(SSFLF)，其是近晶型液晶。因为电压可以用于仅在它的状态之间转换器件，并且通常不维持操作的状态，所以双稳液晶的使用可以减少电能消耗。
图5A、图5B、图5C和图5D中每个示出具有柔性的激活元件6的柔性电激活透镜2的正视图。电激活透镜包括柔性膜层4、电源26、电极10和记忆金属材料28。该电激活元件嵌入在柔性膜层4中。该记忆金属材料可以将该电激活透镜偏置成它的展开状态。例如，该电激活透镜可以被折叠用于插入在眼睛中的切口中。一旦电激活透镜被释放在眼睛中，该记忆金属材料可以展开该透镜成其展开状态以用于在眼睛中操作。
参照图5C和图5D，该电激活透镜包括控制器和/或驱动电子器件12和电连接14。
该电极10可以电连接到该电激活元件用于给其施加电能。参照图3A，至少一个电极可以形成符合该第一膜层8a的表面起伏衍射图案20的起伏图案。
再次参照图5A、图5B、图5C和图5D，电极可以包括多个同心电极环。当电极施加电能给具有如此环的该电激活元件时，因此该元件可以提供有衍射的光学特性。
在本发明中，电极可以在小于大约一(1)秒内被开启或关闭。该电极可以由诸如铝的导电的或金属材料、诸如氧化铟锡(ITO)的光学透明材料、诸如聚(3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩)聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PEDOT:PSS)的导电有机材料和/或碳纳米管构成。电极可以涂覆和包围液晶材料。该透明材料可以包括如银或铝的金属细迹线以增加导电性。如本文所描述的，电能可以跨接该透明电极被施加用于改变电激活透镜光学特性。电极层的厚度可以是，例如，小于1？m，但是优选地是小于0.1？m。该控制器和/或驱动电子器件12、电源16、记忆金属材料28和其它电子部件可以通过电连接14连接到电极。电连接可以包括小的电线或迹线，其还可以是透明的。电极和电连接可以是柔性的。
参照图5B和图5D，该电激活透镜可以包括电连接到电激活元件的动能驱动器(kinetic energy)50用于转换眼睛的运动成为电能以给电激活元件提供电能。该动能驱动器可以包括一个导电体和位于该驱动器中的多个永磁体。当该导体相对于通过该永磁体产生的磁场而移动时，电能被产生。这样的驱动器在本领域是熟知的，并且通常用于非电池动力的腕表。例如，象快速眼动(REM)的眼睛运动可以使该电源26(如，在睡觉和/或醒来周期期间)充电。
参照图5A和图5B，该电激活透镜可以包括压电膜层48用于产生电能。该压电膜层可以适用于连接该电激活透镜到眼结构。该压电膜层的张力可以通过眼睛的运动而改变。该膜层可以将张力的改变换能为电能。例如，当该压电膜层可以附到睫状体、虹膜、接近或在瞳孔上，并且当瞳孔放大和/或缩小时，该压电膜层将被拉伸和松弛，由此产生电能。
参照图5A和图5C，电能可以采用传感器件32的光伏电池而产生。该光伏电池转换太阳能成为电能在本领域是已知的。该光伏电池可以适用于利用1.5？m红外激光源(未示出，例如置于电激活透镜外部)充电。该激光器可以，例如，被安装在当使用者佩戴时适合再对电源充电的一副眼镜上。
在这些实施例的每一个中，产生的电能可以存储在该电源26中。该电源可以包括电池，如薄膜电池，其可以是可再充电的和/或柔性的。该薄膜电池可以通过远程充电进行感应充电。在一个实施例中，当这样电激活透镜的使用者睡觉时，感应式启用的枕垫(未示出)提供感应充电。
在一个实施例中，该记忆金属材料28可以用于使该电激活透镜偏置向展开状态。
在另一个实施例中，该记忆金属材料可以用于接收来自电激活透镜外部的源的控制信号。该控制器12可以采用该控制信号以调制施加到该电激活元件的电能。该记忆金属材料可以电连接到该控制器和该电激活元件。例如，该记忆金属材料可以用作天线、电容器、感应线圈或类似物使用。
在另一个实施例中，该记忆金属材料可以用于给电源26充电。该记忆材料可以形成线圈和/或天线，并且可以适用于利用从该电激活透镜外部的器件无线传输的电能给电源感应充电。
又在另一个实施例中，该记忆金属材料可以用于程序化和/或重新程序化该控制器和/或驱动电子器件。
该记忆金属材料可以由，例如，钛-钯-镍、镍-钛-铜、金-镉、铁-锌-铜-铝、钛-铌-铝、铪-钛-镍、镍-钛-铜、金-镉、铁-锌-铜-铝、镍-钛和/或铁-锰-硅，或其任何组合。
再次参照图5A和图5C，该电激活透镜可以包括传感器件32用于探测感官信息。该传感器件可以包括，例如，以下器件中的一个或更多个：光伏或UV敏感光电池、倾斜开关、光传感器、被动式测距器件、飞行时间测距器件、眼睛追踪器、探测使用者可能在观看哪里的景观探测器、加速计、接近开关、物理开关、手控超驰控制、当使用者触摸鼻梁等类似时切换的电容性开关或类似物。
该传感器件可以包括两个或更多的光电探测器阵列且调焦透镜放置在每个阵列上用于测量距离。差异之和算法可以用以确定哪个阵列具有最高对比率，用于确定物体离该电激活透镜而被放置的距离。
该传感器件可以包括用于探测距离的测距器以调整该电激活透镜的焦距，和/或用于探测周围的和/或入射到该电激活透镜的光的太阳能电池。
在图6中所示的示例，该传感器件可以包括适用于探测头倾斜或眼睛协调转动(encyclorotation)的微机电系统(MEMS)陀螺仪。此外，该传感器件可以包括定时机构，其可以用在与该陀螺仪组合用于区别被观看到的距离变化和弯过或其它运动的影响。
响应于该探测，该传感器件可以触发电激活透镜的前述元件中的一个或多个的激活和/或去激活，例如，通过改变施加到其上的电能。该传感器件可以直接或间接地耦合到电子器件和/或电连接，用于电驱动电极。在一个实施例中，该传感器件可以探测使用者观看所在的调焦距离，并且可以相应地变化或保持该电激活元件的屈光力。在一个示例中，如果该传感器件探测使用者正在聚焦在近距离范围内，该元件的屈光力可以进行变化以使该电激活透镜提供用于近距离观看的修正。
在本发明中，该电激活透镜可以进一步包括过超驰远程开关(未示出)以手动超驰和转换电激活透镜的光学状态。例如，该远程开关可以激活、去激活或设定期望的屈光力。当该远程开关被激活时，远程开关信号可以通过由记忆金属材料28形成的天线发送到电激活透镜。
再次参照图5C和图5D，该电激活透镜可以包括用于允许身体产生的营养和细胞废弃产物经过该电激活透镜的开口34。这些开口可以是允许基于材料分子尺寸的材料通过其而经过的半透膜。开口和/或微孔可以是钻的、机械加工的或贴印的。通常地，开口和微孔可以位于该电激活透镜的无电的或否则非要害区域，例如在其中电极不伸出或施加电能的瞳孔轴附近。对于非电激活角膜嵌体这样的开口在本领域是已知的。
图7A和图7B中每个示出具有轴线A的柔性电激活透镜2的正视图，和在轴线A获得的柔性电激活透镜2的横截面图AA。该电激活透镜包括柔性膜层4和嵌入在该膜层中的电激活元件6。图7A包括设置在柔性膜层和电激活元件之间的封套36。因此，该元件由该封套包围，该封套又由柔性外壳依次包围。该封套可以是由，例如亲水丙烯酸材料构成的防水保护屏障。在一个实施例中，该柔性外壳可以由，例如硅酮或疏水丙烯酸材料构成。通常地，亲水丙烯酸材料具有相对低的折射率和适中硬质。通常地，疏水丙烯酸材料具有相对较高的折射率和是柔性。
该外壳4可以由半透膜构成。该外壳可以涂敷有与眼睛中解剖物体可生物相容性材料。生物相容性材料可包括，例如，聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinyldene fluoride)或非水凝胶微孔全氟乙醚(non-hydrogelmicroporous perflouroether)。该外壳可以选择性地涂敷有密封物以阻止或延缓材料从电激活透镜渗透出。该柔性外壳4可以是半渗透衬底。该液晶电激活元件和关联的电子器件可以被密闭地密封，用于阻止随时间渗透出而进入眼睛中。
再次参照图5A和图5B，如本领域已知的，该电激活透镜可以包括触觉件30用于使透镜稳定在眼睛中的期望位置。该触觉件还可以包括天线和/或再充电回路用于接收来自电激活透镜外部器件的控制信号。
该电激活透镜可以包括眼内透镜，其可以被移植以最大可能对中(centration)(透镜的中心轴与眼睛的中心轴或瞳孔轴共线)以提供最好的光学效果。在本发明优选的实施例中，该电激活透镜或容置该电激活透镜的囊袋应该被直接移植在瞳孔后面以最大可能对中。该触觉件30可以用以使在该囊袋内的电激活透镜居中。备选地，该触觉件可以直接附到眼睛例如睫状肌上，延伸到该囊袋外部。因为在眼睛中的不对称解剖学，该电激活透镜可以被移植成与瞳孔轴偏心。附加的偏心可以在囊袋中找到(如，在囊袋中心轴与在插入其中的电激活透镜的中心轴的方向偏离)并且发现有方向偏离的瞳孔(具有曲形或方向偏离的瞳孔轴)。眼睛通常对适中量的偏心是容忍的。因为解剖学不对称，天然和未改变的眼睛可以具有大约0.1或0.2mm的偏心。该电激活透镜可以优选地适应至少1mm的偏心。
该电激活透镜可以被移植在已经具有现有透镜移植物的眼睛中，用于矫正现有透镜移植物(未示出)提供的光学机能障碍。这个技术可以被称作“背负式(piggyback)”透镜移植。该电激活透镜可以被移植在现有透镜移植物的前方(如，更靠近眼睛的裸露表面)，例如进入在睫状体沟中的较后面的房体中。在另一个实施例中，该电激活透镜可以被移植在现有透镜移植物后方(如，距眼睛的裸露表面较远的)。在以上任意实施例中，电激活透镜可以用在与另一个的组合中，例如与固定的晶状体组合。透镜可以置于睫状体沟的前或后房。
当本文描述的实施例被用作接触透镜，该透镜可以包括处于或接近透镜外缘的附加柔软亲水裙边(skirt)用于稳定透镜在期望的居中位置。该接触透镜可以进一步通过具有重力取向区域或截断的附加表面而稳定化。该接触透镜可以通过接触透镜盒(未示出)进行感应充电，例如，当该透镜位于在该盒中时。该接触透镜的传感器件32(如，光探测器)可以被设置在接触透镜表面或所附的裙边中或上，位于与瞳孔轴相间隔的位置以不干扰佩戴者的视觉。在一个实施例中，配合参数和/或部件的尺寸可以根据解剖需要和/或使用者的偏好而定制。
图8A、图8B和图8C，每个示出具有在不同瞳孔尺寸的眼睛38中的电激活透镜2的放置。图8A示出具有相对大尺寸的扩张的瞳孔。图8B示出具有相对适中尺寸的瞳孔。图8C示出具有相对小尺寸的瞳孔。图8A、图8B和图8C，每个示出在眼睛中瞳孔40、虹膜42、角膜缘(limbus)44和巩膜(scelera)46的相对位置。该电激活透镜可以包括柔性外壳4和电激活元件6。当瞳孔的尺寸减小时，该透镜覆盖增加百分比的瞳孔40或眼睛的孔径。
在以上任意实施例中，可以采用液晶材料。液晶包括聚集状态，其是介于在结晶固体和非晶液体之间。许多液晶由棒状分子构成，并且大体上被分类为：向列型、胆甾型和近晶型。
该电激活透镜可以用以矫正包括老花、近视、远视、散光和较高阶像差的眼睛的折射误差。
当在本文使用时，近视距可以描述距观看点从18英寸直到大约12英寸的距离；中间视距可以描述从大于18英寸到29英寸的距离；和远视距可以描述自一个人的脸大于大约29英寸的距离。
尽管关于有限个实施例已经描述了本发明，但是将认识到可以做出本发明的许多变化、修改和其它应用。熟悉本领域的人将认识到所附权利要求旨在覆盖所有如落在本发明真实精神中的修改和变化。

Claims (10)

1.一种眼内透镜，包括：
电激活元件，以及
多个光传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的透镜，其中所述光传感器包括光电探测器阵列。
3.根据权利要求2所述的透镜，其中所述光传感器包括在每个光电探测器阵列上的调焦透镜。
4.根据权利要求3所述的透镜，其中所述透镜被配置为使用在每个光电探测器阵列上的调焦透镜测量距离。
5.根据权利要求4所述的透镜，其中所述透镜被配置为使用差异之和算法测量所述距离，以确定哪个光电探测器阵列具有最高的对比率以便确定物体离该电激活透镜而被放置的距离。
6.根据权利要求1所述的透镜，其中所述电激活元件包括液晶。
7.根据权利要求1所述的透镜，其中所述电激活元件具有可变的折射率。
8.根据权利要求1所述的透镜，其中所述光传感器是光电探测器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的透镜，还包括至少一个触觉件。
10.根据权利要求1所述的透镜，还包括耦合到所述电激活元件的电源。
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