CN102388031B - Gip上升抑制剂 - Google Patents
Gip上升抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102388031B CN102388031B CN201080016243.4A CN201080016243A CN102388031B CN 102388031 B CN102388031 B CN 102388031B CN 201080016243 A CN201080016243 A CN 201080016243A CN 102388031 B CN102388031 B CN 102388031B
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- Prior art keywords
- catechin
- gip
- tea
- elevation
- function
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明提供一种食用经验丰富且安全性优异的作为医药或者食品等有用的GIP上升抑制剂。所述GIP上升抑制剂以儿茶素类作为有效成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及作为医药或者食品有用的GIP上升抑制剂。
背景技术
已知抑胃多肽(Gastric inhibitory polypeptide/Glucose-dependentinsulinotropic peptide(GIP))是1973年发现的由42个氨基酸形成的消化道激素,伴随着碳水化合物和脂质等营养素的摄取,从分布在胃、小肠、十二指肠上部的K细胞中分泌出来,具有胃酸分泌抑制作用和胃运动抑制作用(非专利文献1~3)。
进一步,考虑到由于在小肠和心脏、血管内皮细胞、骨、脾脏、肺、肾脏、甲状腺、中枢神经系统等中发现GIP的受体,因此通过控制GIP的量,可以调节消化道功能、心脏功能、血管功能、骨功能、肺功能、肾脏功能、甲状腺功能、中枢神经功能等全身各组织中的GIP所介入的诸种功能,因此,涉及GIP分泌和控制其功能的研究和素材探索正在盛行。
通过至今为止的研究,作为阻碍GIP功能的物质,发现了3-溴-5-甲基-2-苯基吡唑[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-醇(BMPP),作为抑制GIP分泌的物质,报道有瓜尔胶等(专利文献1、非专利文献4~9)。另外近年来,作为具有降低GIP作用的食品成分,报道有二酰甘油(专利文献2)、海藻酸或者其盐或者羟丙基化淀粉(专利文献3)、单酰甘油(专利文献4)等。
另一方面,儿茶素类在茶和可可粉等中含有,自古就是在世界中广泛摄取的安全性优良的食品成分。对于儿茶素类的功能性方面,至今报道有抗氧化作用(非专利文献10)和抗癌作用(非专利文献11)、淀粉酶阻碍作用(专利文献5)、抑制血中脂质上升作用(专利文献6、非专利文献12)、血压调节作用(专利文献7)、提高持久力作用(专利文献8、非专利文献13)、抗过劳作用(专利文献9)、抗老化作用(专利文献10)、抑制肌肉功能降低作用(专利文献11)、改善过敏症状作用(专利文献12、13)、保护胃粘膜作用(非专利文献14)、消化酶活化作用(非专利文献15)等。但是,关于儿茶素类和GIP分泌的关系方面,至今完全不知。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:特开2002-37744号公报
专利文献2:特开2006-342084号公报
专利文献3:特开2006-342085号公报
专利文献4:特开2007-290989号公报
专利文献5:特开2008-138129号公报
专利文献6:特开2006-1909号公报
专利文献7:特开2007-70338号公报
专利文献8:特开2005-89384号公报
专利文献9:特开2007-191426号公报
专利文献10:特开2008-63318号公报
专利文献11:特开2008-13473号公报
专利文献12:特开2007-31314号公报
专利文献13:特开2007-186462号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:Can J Physiol Pharmacol.,(1969),47 p.113-114
非专利文献2:J Clin Endocrinol Metab.,(1973),37,p.826-828
非专利文献3:中外医学社 消化管 机能和病态,(1981),p.205-216
非专利文献4:Diabet.Med.,(1996),13,p.358-364
非专利文献5:Br.J.Nutr.,(1995),74,p.539-556
非专利文献6:Reprod.Nutr.Dev.,(1992),32,p.11-20
非专利文献7:Br.J.Nutr.,(1990),64,p.103-110
非专利文献8:Diabet.Med.,(1990),7,p.515-520
非专利文献9:Br.J.Nutr.,(1985),53,p.467-475
非专利文献10:J.Agric Food Chem.(1996),44,p.3426-3431
非专利文献11:J.Nutr.,(2003),133,p.3268s-3274s
非专利文献12:Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem.,(2007),71,p.971-976
非专利文献13:Am.J.Physiol.Regul.Integr.Comp.Physiol.,(2005),288,p.R708-715
非专利文献14:J.Agric Food Chem.(2008),56,p.12122-12126
非专利文献15:J.Agric Food Chem.(2005),53,p.8706-7813
发明内容
本发明涉及以下(1)~(7)中的内容。
(1)一种GIP上升抑制剂,其中,以儿茶素作为有效成分。
(2)一种GIP上升抑制用饮食品,其中,含有有效量的儿茶素类。
(3)一种GIP上升抑制方法,其特征在于,将儿茶素类进行给药或者摄取。
(4)一种用于GIP上升抑制的儿茶素类。
(5)儿茶素类在制造GIP上升抑制剂中的用途。
(6)如上述(1)所述的GIP上升抑制剂、上述(2)所述的GIP上升抑制用饮食品、上述(3)所述的GIP上升抑制方法、上述(4)所述的用于GIP上升抑制的儿茶素类、或者上述(5)所述的儿茶素类在制造GIP上升抑制剂中的用途,其中,儿茶素类含有儿茶素、儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯中一种以上的成分。
(7)如上述(1)所述的GIP上升抑制剂、上述(2)所述的GIP上升抑制用饮食品、上述(3)所述的GIP上升抑制方法,上述(4)所述的用于GIP上升抑制的儿茶素类、或者上述(5)所述的儿茶素类在制造GIP上升抑制剂中的用途,所述儿茶素类是茶儿茶素。
附图说明
图1表示茶儿茶素A群(以茶儿茶素A给药)、对照群(不用儿茶素给药)在给药后的经时血中GIP值(pg/mL)。
图2表示茶儿茶素B群(以茶儿茶素B给药)、茶儿茶素C群(以茶儿茶素C给药)、对照群(不用儿茶素给药)在给药10分钟后血中GIP变化值(pg/mL)。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及提供一种食用经验丰富且安全性优异的作为医药或者食品等的有效成分有用的GIP上升抑制剂。
本发明人等对降低血中GIP的物质进行了种种研讨,结果发现儿茶素类具有优异的GIP上升抑制作用,可以作为具有该作用的医药品、饮食品等的有效成分来配合使用。
本发明的GIP上升抑制剂等具有优异的食后GIP上升抑制作用、改善食后胃酸分泌能和胃积食的作用。因此,根据本发明,作为为了实现抑制GIP上升;降低、预防、改善由GIP上升引起症状恶化的疾病的发病风险;改善胃酸分泌能和胃积食等的医药品、饮食品和宠物食品等的有效成分是有用的。另外,考虑到通过控制GIP量,可以调节消化道功能、心脏功能、血管功能、骨功能、肺功能、肾脏功能、甲状腺功能、中枢神经功能等全身各组织中的GIP所介入的各种功能,因此作为为此目的的素材是有用的。
在本发明中的儿茶素类是含有儿茶素、儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素以及没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯等非表型儿茶素类;和表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、以及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯等表型儿茶素中的一种以上的物质。
为提高GIP上升抑制效果,在儿茶素类中的没食子酸酯型儿茶素的含有率,优选占儿茶素中的10~100质量%,进一步优选为20~100质量%,更进一步优选为25~100质量%。
本发明所用的儿茶素类可以是由茶叶以及可可豆等植物中直接提取得到的,或者是通过浓缩或精制其提取物得到的,但是也可以是来源于其他原料的儿茶素类、市售品、柱精制品以及化学合成品。
由茶叶得来的儿茶素类的提取可以是通过在从茶(Camellia)属(例如C.sinensis、C.assamica、或者它们的杂交品种)得到的茶叶经过制茶所得的茶叶中,添加水~热水(0~100℃),并根据情况在其中添加提取助剂来提取而进行的。另外,也可以并用在煮沸除气或者用氮气等惰性气体通气以除去溶存的氧,也就是在所谓的非氧化气氛下进行提取的方法。
该经过制茶所得的茶叶包括(1)煎茶、番茶、玉露、碾茶、釜炒茶等绿茶类、(2)总称为乌龙茶的铁观音、色种、黄金桂、武夷岩茶等半发酵茶、(3)称为红茶的大吉岭、乌巴茶、祁门茶等发酵茶。
作为提取助剂,可以举出抗坏血酸钠等有机酸或者它们的有机酸盐类。
另外,本发明的儿茶素类除了使用从上述茶叶等中提取·精制而成的儿茶素类之外,也可以使用市售品。例如,可以使用Polyphenon(三井农林)、Teaflan(伊藤园)、Sunphenon(太阳化学株式会社)、Teavigo(DMS Nutritional Products)等儿茶素制剂。
该茶提取物的浓缩可以通过对上述提取物进行浓缩,该茶提取物的精制可以通过使用溶剂或者柱进行精制。作为茶提取物的浓缩物和精制物的形态,可以举出固体、水溶液、浆状等种种形态。
例如,该茶提取物可以通过用特开昭59-219384号公报、特开平4-20589号公报、特开平5-260907号公报、特开平5-306279号公报等中详细例示的方法来调制。
另外,由于来自植物提取物的儿茶素类等中有其特有的苦味和涩味,因此,在食品等中使用本发明的时候,有时候会优选改善呈味性。特别是茶提取物中除了儿茶素类之外,含有大量有机酸和蛋白质、植物纤维等成分时,因为这些成分造成了茶特有的苦味和涩味,所以可以通过提高儿茶素类的纯度来改善。通常,在使用植物提取物,特别是绿茶提取物的时候,希望儿茶素类的纯度占提取物中的20质量%以上,进一步优选为30质量%以上,特别优选为30~95质量%。
另外,为了改善呈味性,没食子酸酯型儿茶素的含有率优选为占儿茶素类中的10~100质量%,进一步优选为20~90质量%,更进一步希望为25~80质量%。另外,儿茶素类中的没食子酸酯型儿茶素的含有比例可以通过鞣酸酶处理等方法来调整(特开2007-61083号公报)。
另外,在使用植物提取物,特别是茶提取物作为儿茶素类的时候,该提取物中含有咖啡因。由于咖啡因具有提神作用等,因此对于预防·改善睡意、倦怠感、头痛等有效果,但是,因为有对咖啡因有过敏症的人群和讨厌咖啡因的人群,所以,也可以从植物提取物中减少咖啡因。
因此,根据本制剂的使用目的,可以在儿茶素类单体和植物提取物等中添加咖啡因,或者对植物提取物进行脱咖啡因处理以减少其咖啡因来使用。因为咖啡因有苦味,特别是在饮食品中使用经过脱咖啡因处理的儿茶素类的情况下,咖啡因相对于儿茶素类的量为20质量%以下,优选为5质量%以下,进一步优选为2质量%以下,特别希望为1质量%以下。
作为降低了咖啡因的量的茶儿茶素组合物的制法,可以举出例如特开2006-8580号公报、特开2006-160656号公报、特开2006-206483号公报、特开2008-79609号公报、特开2008-141987号公报等。
在本发明中,“GIP上升抑制”是指抑制由于摄取含脂质和糖质的碳水化合物(糖质)等营养素、特别是含有较多脂质的食物(饮食)、其中含有较多三酰甘油的食物(饮食)而从消化道中分泌的GIP的血中浓度上升。即,“GIP上升抑制”主要是指抑制在食后产生的GIP上升。于是,在本发明中“GIP上升抑制作用”是包括通过抑制从消化道中分泌GIP而抑制GIP上升的GIP分泌抑制作用、以及通过降低血中GIP浓度而抑制GIP上升的GIP降低作用中的任意作用的概念。
如后述实施例所示,本发明的儿茶素类具有优异的血中GIP上升抑制作用。于是,如前面所述(参考非专利文献1~3),抑制GIP上升由于能减轻胃酸分泌的抑制和胃运动的抑制,因此对包括人在内的动物进行摄取或者给药,可以在用于实现抑制血中GIP上升;降低、预防、改善由于GIP上升引起症状恶化的疾病的发病风险;改善胃酸分泌能和胃积食的方法中使用。另外,该儿茶素类也可以做成GIP上升抑制剂;由于GIP上升引起症状恶化的疾病的发病风险的降低、预防、改善剂;胃酸分泌能和胃积食的改善剂(以下,称为“GIP上升抑制剂等”),可以作为该制剂的有效成分使用。另外,该儿茶素类可以在用于制造GIP上升抑制剂;由于GIP上升引起症状恶化的疾病的发病风险的降低、预防、改善剂;胃酸分泌能和胃积食的改善剂中使用。
此时,在该GIP上升抑制剂等中,可以单独使用该儿茶素类,或者也可以除此之外,使用根据必要适当选择的载体等应该配合的后述对象物所容许的物质。另外,该制剂可以根据所需配合的对象物通过常法来制造。
另外,所述GIP上升抑制剂等可以发挥抑制GIP上升、改善胃积食等的效果,可以作为人或者非人动物用的各种饮食品、医药品、准医药品(quasi-drug)、宠物食品等的有效成分来使用。
另外,该GIP上升抑制剂等含有儿茶素类,以具有GIP分泌抑制作用等为理念,并且可以根据需要作为附有用于抑制GIP上升;降低、预防、改善由于GIP上升引起症状恶化的疾病的发病风险;改善胃酸分泌能;改善胃积食等的目的表示的健康食品、美容食品、病患者用食品、特定保健用食品、营养功能性食品等功能性食品的有效成分来使用。
将本发明的GIP上升抑制剂等作为医药品和准医药品的有效成分使用的情况下,可以以任意给药形式进行给药。
作为给药形式,可以举出经口、经肠、经粘膜、注射等。作为用于经口给药的剂型,可以举出例如,片剂、包衣片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、粉剂、缓释制剂、糖衣片、丸剂、细颗粒剂等经口用固体制剂;混悬剂、乳剂、内服液、内服液剂、糖浆剂、酏剂等经口用液体制剂等。
作为用于非经口给药的剂型,可以举出静脉内注射剂、肌肉注射剂、吸入剂、输液、栓剂、吸入剂、经皮吸入剂、点眼剂、点鼻剂等。
所述制剂可以单独使用儿茶素类、也可以和与儿茶素类药学上相容的载体组合使用。作为所述载体,可以举出例如赋形剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、稀释剂、渗透压调节剂、流动性促进剂、吸收辅助剂、pH调节剂、乳化剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、着色剂、紫外线吸收剂、保湿剂、增稠剂、光亮剂、活性增强剂、抗炎症剂、杀菌剂、矫味剂、矫臭剂、增量剂、表面活性剂、分散剂、缓冲剂、保存剂、香料、被膜剂等。
另外,在调制经口用固体制剂的情况下,在向本发明的制剂中加入赋形剂,以及根据需要加入粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、着色剂、矫味剂、矫臭剂等之后,可以按常法制造片剂、包衣片剂、颗粒剂、散剂、胶囊剂等。另外,在调制经口用液体制剂的时候,可以加入矫味剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂、矫臭剂等根据常法制造内服液剂、糖浆剂、酏剂等。
用本发明的GIP上升抑制剂等作为饮食品的有效成分的情况下,其形态可以是固体、半固体或者液体。作为饮食品的例子,可以举出面包类、面类、饼干类等点心类;果冻类;乳制品;冷冻食品;方便食品;淀粉加工食品;加工肉食品;其他加工食品;乌龙茶、绿茶、红茶和咖啡饮料等饮料;汤类;调味料;营养辅助食品等以及它们的原料。另外,该形态还可以与上述经口给药制剂的形态一样,也可以是片剂、丸剂、胶囊、液剂、糖浆、粉末、颗粒等形态。
在调制各种形态的饮食品时,可以单独使用儿茶素类、或者和其他食品原材料、溶剂、软化剂、油、乳化剂、防腐剂、香料、稳定剂、着色剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧化剂、保湿剂、增稠剂等适当组合使用。
另外,在使用本发明的GIP上升抑制剂等作为宠物食品的有效成分的情况下,可以使用与上述饮食品同样的原材料等来调制成各种形态的宠物食品。
相对于上述饮食品、医药品、准医药品等的儿茶素类的配合量,取决于其所使用的形态而不同,但是在饮料中的儿茶素类的含量优选为0.01~5质量%、进一步优选为0.05~1质量%,更进一步优选为0.1~0.5质量%。另外,在食品中的儿茶素类的含量,通常优选为0.01~20质量%,进一步优选为0.01~5质量%,更进一步优选为0.1~2质量%。另外,补充饮食品中的儿茶素类含量,通常优选为0.01~90质量%,进一步优选为0.1~70质量%,进一步优选为1~50质量%。
医药品例如片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂等经口用固体制剂中的儿茶素类的含量,通常优选为0.01~95质量%、进一步优选为5~90质量%,进一步优选为20~50质量%;内服液剂、糖浆剂等经口用液体制剂中的儿茶素类的含量,通常优选为0.01~50质量%,进一步优选为0.1~10质量%,更进一步优选为0.1~5质量%。
上述制剂的有效给药(摄取)量只要是能够得到效果的量,就没有特别限定。另外其给药量·摄取量根据对象者的状态、体重、性别或者其他要因而可以变动,但是作为儿茶素类平均一天优选为100~5000mg/60kg体重、进一步优选为300~2500mg/60kg体重,更进一步优选为400~1000mg/60kg体重。儿茶素类的组成虽然没有特别的限定,但是从效果的方面出发,更加优选含有没食子酸酯型较多。另外,上述制剂可以根据任意给药计划给药,但是优选1日1次~多次分开给药。此外,可以在餐前·餐中·餐后的任意时间给药,优选在餐前·餐中。
作为本发明的GIP上升抑制剂等的给药或者摄取的对象者,只要是对此有必要的,就没有特别限定,但是优选空腹时血中GIP值为30pg/mL以上、或者在胃液分泌功能检查中基础分泌量为30mL/小时以下的人。
以下举出用于具体说明本发明的实施例和配合例,但是本发明不限定于此。
实施例
实施例1<茶儿茶素的GIP抑制作用1>
将小鼠(C57BL/6J雄,9周龄)以各群的体重平均值相等的方式分为对照群、茶儿茶素A群这2群(每群10只)。茶儿茶素A是将绿茶(Camellia Sinensis)叶热水提取物的干燥粉末溶解于热水中之后,添加等量的氯仿、3倍量的乙醇混合并回收水相,再干燥,从而调制而成。绝食16小时后,对对照群,以对照溶液(20质量%乙醇),另外,对茶儿茶素A群,以茶儿茶素A溶液(浓度1质量%/20质量%乙醇溶液)分别用探针进行经口给药(按照儿茶素类总量100mg/kg体重),并连续以用卵制卵磷脂(和光纯药)(0.02g/kg体重)乳化后的淀粉·玉米油混合溶液(各成分2g/kg体重)对各群给药。
另外,在本试验中所用的茶儿茶素A的组成为,在全儿茶素类中,儿茶素为3.2%,表儿茶素9.7%,没食子儿茶素6.9%,表没食子儿茶素51.1%,表儿茶素没食子酸酯3.3%,没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯1.2%,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯为24.4%(没食子酸酯型组成为29.0%)。
在给药前以及给药后经时从眼底采血,通过ELISA(GastricInhibitory Peptide EIA Kit,Phenix Pharmaceutical Inc.)法测定血中GIP值。测定结果如图1所示。
实施例2<茶儿茶素的GIP抑制作用2>
作为茶儿茶素B,使用将Polyphenon HG(三井农林)水溶液在121℃下加热处理20分钟,用碳酸氢钠调节pH值到6.5之后,冷冻干燥得到的粉末;作为茶儿茶素C,使用Teaflan 90S(伊藤园)。
将小鼠(C57BL/6J雄,9周龄)以各群的体重平均值相等的方式分为对照群、茶儿茶素B群以及茶儿茶素C群这3群(每群10只)。绝食16小时后,对对照群以对照溶液(20质量%乙醇),对茶儿茶素B群以茶儿茶素B溶液(浓度2质量%/20质量%乙醇溶液),对茶儿茶素C群以茶儿茶素C溶液(浓度2质量%/20质量%乙醇溶液)分别用探针经口给药(按照儿茶素类总量200mg/kg体重),并连续以用卵制卵磷脂(和光纯药)(0.02g/kg体重)乳化后的淀粉·玉米油混合溶液(各成分4g/kg体重)对各群给药。
另外,本试验中使用的茶儿茶素B以及C的组成如表1所示。
在给药前以及给药10分钟后从眼底采血,通过ELISA(GastricInhibitory Peptide EIA Kit,Phenix Pharmaceutical Inc.)法测定血中GIP值。给药10分钟之后的变化值(给药10分钟后血中GIP值-给药前的血中GIP值)如图2所示。
[表1]
儿茶素组成(%) | 茶儿茶素B | 茶儿茶素C |
儿茶素 | 6 | 0 |
表儿茶素 | 7 | 0 |
没食子儿茶素 | 21 | 0 |
表没食子儿茶素 | 16 | 0 |
儿茶素没食子酸酯 | 5 | 1 |
表儿茶素没食子酸酯 | 8 | 21 |
没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 | 16 | 5 |
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 | 21 | 73 |
没食子酸酯型组成(%) | 50 | 100 |
如图1和图2所示,通过茶儿茶素的给药(摄取),统计学上显著抑制了血中GIP值的上升。因此,可以说儿茶素类对于抑制GIP上升有效果。
Claims (1)
1.儿茶素类在制造GIP上升抑制剂中的用途,其中,
所述GIP上升抑制剂用于调节GIP所介入的消化道功能、心脏功能、血管功能、骨功能、肺功能、肾脏功能、甲状腺功能、中枢神经功能,
儿茶素类为含有儿茶素、儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯中一种以上的成分的茶儿茶素,
在茶儿茶素中的没食子酸酯型儿茶素的含有率为20~100质量%。
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