CN102293158A

CN102293158A - Culture method as well as production and utilization technology of new apple variety

Info

Publication number: CN102293158A
Application number: CN201110027580XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐秀芝
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-01-26
Filing date: 2011-01-26
Publication date: 2011-12-28

Abstract

The invention provides an early-maturing apple variety Xiangyuan No.1. The Xiangyuan No.1 is bred by combining early preselection of Jinqing*Liaofu hybrid seedlings with isozyme and conventional systematic breeding. The Xiangyuan No.1 is characterized in that the Xiangyuan No.1 is extremely premature and matures in middle and late June; the fruit is big and has the weight of 180-300g singly; the fruit has excellent quality, light yellow rind color, flaky pink cover color and white flesh, is crisp and juicy, is palatable in acidity or sweetness and has store period of 7-10 days. The Xiangyuan No.1 has the following advantages: the trees are moderate and robust and upright, and is early to flower, bear fruits and harvest; the biennial graftings can flower early and bear fruits; the Xiangyuan No.1 has strong comprehensive resistance and adaptability and is suitable to develop in such places as Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, the old course of the Yellow River and the like; and the Xiangyuan No.1 is valuable to regulate the apple off seasons such as June and July.

Description

The cultivation and the production thereof of apple new varieties utilize technology

(1), this patented invention seed selection and nursery stock production thereof of belonging to the apple new varieties utilized technical field.

Along with developing rapidly of Chinese national economy, the domestic and international market dog-eat-dog is changeable.But the outlet of the apple production of China keeps the steady growth development.National apple gross yield was 2984.7 ten thousand tons in 2008, increased by 3.5 times than 1992, and the same year, the apple export volume was 1153.3 ten thousand tons, 300 times of 3.8 ten thousand tons of growths than 1992.During the last ten years, China's apple production not only output significantly improves, and what is more important is owing to the transformation of orchard worker's idea, and dropping into increases, the raising of culture technique, and the quality of fruit has improvement greatly, has improved the competitiveness of international market, makes the apple export volume improve year by year.But because China's apple variety, structure, layout are unreasonable, and new varieties are bred slow, and kind is upgraded and lagged behind, and is influence apple production further to high-level, the main bottleneck that high benefit develops.Therefore, must accelerate cultivation, the conversion of dissimilar new varieties, promote the development of novel apple industrial chain.

(2), the main purpose of this invention: be few and incomplete at current apple production kind of China and type thereof, the irrational situation of layout, optimum development extremely early mature, high-quality, high yield, comprehensive resistance are strong, the novel early-maturing variety of wide adaptability, Rational structure, layout, regulate the market demand, improve quality, increase the benefit.

(3), the main contents of this invention:

1, the selection of parent material, the assembly of crossbreed are the bases of realizing breeding objective;

2, the early stage preliminary election of hybrid seedling is the key that improves the efficiency of selection of breeding objective, reduces the randomness of selecting, and accelerates the breeding progress;

3, to combine with the conventional system seed selection be the necessary program that realizes breeding objective to the early stage preliminary election of seedling, can not substitute mutually;

4, precocity, high-quality, high yield are the main targets of selecting, and are determined by the market demand.

(4), advantage of this invention and effect:

1, prematurity:

1. can the early blossoming early bearing, the seedling of sowing in 1993, the beginning nineteen ninety-five bow structure fruit;

2. extremely early mature, bud is sprouted in 3 months, bloom on April, mid or late June maturation, fruit development period is about 65 days;

3. grafting began bow structure in 2 years really.

2, high-quality: fruit is big, single fruit weight 180～300 grams, fruit circle, vertical footpath 8.0cm, transverse diameter 8.2cm, the pericarp background color is pale yellow, and sunny side lid color chips shape is pink, pulp white, the fine and smooth succulence of quality, sweet and sour palatability, soluble solid content 10.0-12.0%, pol 12.0%.

3, high and stable yield: the tree vigo(u)r stalwartness, tree performance is upright, and just also there is more axillary bud result the fruit phase based on the brachyplast result.The continuous bearing capacity of fruit platform is strong, the fruit-setting rate height, and high and stable yield is good.16.5 kilograms of beginning bow structure the 3rd year single plant yields really, living tree was 62.5 kilograms in 11 years.

4, comprehensive resistance is strong: in Henan, two places, Beijing plantations, do not find great disease for many years, cold-resistant, drought, waterlogging property are strong.

5, adaptability is strong: be suitable for areas such as Beijing, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Shaanxi, the ancient riverbed of the Yellow River, as the collocation kind of middle-late ripening variety.

6, development prospect and economic benefit: " No. 1, fragrant garden ", mid or late June maturation, belong to extremely early variety, medium well listing can have high economic benefit.

(5), embodiments of the invention are described in detail in detail:

1, parent's selection and assembly: for selecting precocious new quality variety, select early maturing and high yield good, wide adaptability, best in quality, medium variety Tianjin of strong stress resistance gently is maternal, early maturing variety the Liao Dynasty volt is male parent.Broadcast the back and obtain 20 strain hybrid seedlings with 50 hybrid seeds in 1993.

2, the early stage preliminary election of seedling: seedling then after planting, at 3～4 monthly ages, the numbering of listing sampling is screened with the isodynamic enzyme colored belt, eliminates the seedling that does not have the isodynamic enzyme colored belt, and acquisition has seedling 9 strains of this colored belt.

3, conventional system is selected: selected robust plant in 1 year, branch is short and thick, and bud is full, and the dense plant of the plump look of blade is further eliminated weak strain, damage by disease and insect strain, off-type strain etc.Beginning nineteen ninety-five Hua Chuguo, 15 as a result.99 of 1996 annual bearings, fruit is big, the pericarp redness, mid or late June maturation, early special, mouthfeel is good.Select one of them, be numbered 41～1, name and be " No. 1, fragrant garden ".

4, the habit of mainly growing:

1. habit of growth: the tree crown semicircle, tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school stalwartness, tree performance is upright.The treelet germination rate is higher, become in the branch rate on, growing way is prosperous, it is many to send out branch.Note the control tree vigo(u)r.

2. the habit of yielding positive results: annual branch, easily form the leafage branch, blade is many and big, generally has 5.0～6.6, and terminal bud is big, and dormancy early generally can both form bud.Small part leafage branch can change into middle brachyplast, but also can form bud.Brachyplast fruit platform blade is many, big, plump, and average 7.3, can take out living sublateral shoot, the part brachyplast really can yield positive results by platform sublateral shoot next year.The bud pink, corolla is big, petal circle, adjacency.The fruit circle, vertical footpath 8.0cm, transverse diameter 8.2cm, fruit face background color is pale yellow, and sunny side lid color chips shape is pink.Fruit development period 65 days, is sent out silk floss at 7～10 day storage period during full maturity.

3. good quality and high output: fruit is big, single fruit weight 180～300 grams, and pulp white, crisp, when medium well, the fine and smooth succulence of fruit texture, sour and sweet palatability has fragranced.Because germination rate is higher, the brachyplast result, the fruit-setting rate height, the characteristic that the axillary bud result is many keeps having the characteristics of high yield.

5, culture technique main points:

1. the garden of building selects ecological condition suitable: fertile soil, Plain that irrigation and drainage system is good or hill.

2. planting patterns: seeding row spacing 2m * 4m, elongated spindle is adopted in pruning, and major branch length is put, uniaxial extension.

3. pollinizers: with between the strain of fragrant garden mutually pollination or with Fuji, loud, high-pitched sound etc. as pollinizers.

4. control tree vigo(u)r: pruning in time, reasonable rich water quality management, the control tree vigo(u)r is prosperous excessively, promotes early bearing, early high yield.

5. seedling propagation: adopt vegetative propagation, utilize vegetative propagation organs cultivation nursery stocks such as branch, bud.This invention is with Huailai Malus spectabilis, and common stock or dwarfing rootstocks such as Xinjiang crabapple are with bud grafting, whip grafting breeding nursery stock.The treelet stalwartness, early blossoming, early bearing, morning get bumper crops.

6, comprehensive resistance: in Beijing, two places, Henan plantations, for many years, do not find great disease, generally show disease-resistantly that cold-resistant, non-irrigated, waterlogging, adaptability is strong.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: fragrant garden be for No. 1 by Tianjin light * seed selection program that the early stage preliminary election of the Liao Dynasty's volt hybrid seedling isodynamic enzyme combines with conventional selection.

Claims

1. preamble: the theme of this invention is apple new varieties " No. 1, fragrant garden " and cultivates and produce the technology of utilizing.Be characterized in: " No. 1, fragrant garden " is by " Tianjin light * the Liao Dynasty volt " hybrid seedling, forms through the early stage preliminary election of the isodynamic enzyme seed selection that combines with conventional seed selection.Characteristics are extremely early matures, mid or late June maturation, fruit development period 65 days, fruit is big, single fruit weight 180～300g, best in quality, sweet acidity is moderate, soluble solids content 10～12%, and than the distant volt of precocious parent, fruit is big, good palatability, storage property is good, and yielding ability is good, and comprehensive resistance is strong.

2. characteristic:

1, the new varieties of this invention " No. 1, fragrant garden " are characterized in extremely early mature, and mid-June, maturation was colory novel kind.On current domestic market, still belong to blank or breach.

2, the new varieties of this invention " No. 1, fragrant garden " are characterized in utilizing asexual nutrition organs such as branch, leaf, bud, by grafting, and method produced in series nursery stocks such as tissue culture.

The claim of this invention should comprise preamble and characteristic, and characteristics are:

1, the hybrid combination in " No. 1, fragrant garden ", seed selection program, ripe phase of fruit and feature thereof, characteristic.

2, asexual nutrition organs tissues such as the branch in " No. 1, fragrant garden ", leaf, bud are in order to the produced in series nursery stock.