CN102293116B - Fast culture method for camellia oleifera light substrate container cuttage seedlings - Google Patents
Fast culture method for camellia oleifera light substrate container cuttage seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fast culture method for camellia oleifera light substrate container cuttage seedlings, which mainly comprises the following steps of: 1, light substrate cuttage: selecting an open-air cuttage bed, using peat, fungus dreg and coconut tree branny as substrate raw materials, shearing semi-lignified ears into 2cm to 3cm single-leaf and single-bud cutting ears, soaking the ears by indol-3-butanoic acid and flushing the indol-3-butanoic acid solution on the blades after the cuttage; 2, management after the cuttage: carrying out moisture regulation and control until the root growth and adopting carbendazim 1000-time liquid for carrying out spraying prevention and treatment every eight days; and 3, management after root growth: carrying out seedling adaptation in 15 days after the root growth, adopting 6-benzylaminopurine to carry out coating treatment on buds of unsprouted ears after the root growth for a month and carrying out fertilizer and water management and pest control. The fast culture method has the advantages that the culture method has low cost and short culture period, the problems of unstable survival rate, insufficient root system development and the like caused by climate differences can be perfectly solved, the culture material loss can also be effectively reduced, and the economic value of the camellia oleifera fine breed resource development is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the propagation method of a kind of oil tea, particularly the method for quickly breeding of the light matrix container cuttage seeding of a kind of oil tea.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia spp.) is the oil species that have productive value in the Theaceae Camellia most, and sensu lato oil tea refers to that in Camellia Plants, the seed oil content is higher, and has certain cultivation to manage the general designation of the seeds of area.Oil tea originates in and main the cultivation in China, and with olive, oil palm, coconut and be called the large traditional oil tree in the world four, the whole nation has approximately 4,000,000 hm2 of camellia oleifera lam area now, accounts for more than 80% of China's woody edible oil material seeds area under cultivation.The major product of oil tea is tea oil, is the health type edible oil that united state food and agricultural organization emphasis is promoted, and its unsaturated fatty acid content is described as " east olive oil " up to more than 90%.In recent years, because country widelys popularize the oil tea plantation, the demand of nursery stock resource is especially aobvious in short supply.
Light substrate seedling is grown seedlings with conventional Nutrition Soil and is compared, and has that permeability is good, seedling root is flourishing, lightweight, a packing, convenient transportation, the high characteristics of afforestation effect.And the raw material that adopts of light matrix is for by fermentation or the discarded object of the agricultural and forestry production of carbonization treatment, light body mineral matter or using industrial solid waste etc., and cost is low, low in the pollution of the environment, suitable first-selected matrix as modern efficient, nontoxic factorial seedling growth.Cottage propagation can utilize unavailable shady branch and thin and delicate branch in propagation by grafiting, the availability of raising fringe bar, and not limited by stock, and cuttage at any time is the method for simple to operate in asexual multiplication seedling, less investment, instant effect.But at present camellia seedling generally adopts conventional Nutrition Soil to carry out cottage propagation, and this method breeding cycle is long, survival rate is unstable, and root system is less-developed, is unfavorable for large-scale production and the Application and Development of oil tea cottage propagation.Have not yet to see the relevant relevant report that adopts light substrate seedling method that oil tea is grown seedlings.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the method for quickly breeding of the light matrix container cuttage seeding of oil tea that a kind of cultivation period is short, survival rate is high, easy and simple to handle.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme:
The method for quickly breeding of the light matrix container cuttage seeding of oil tea of the present invention is to operate according to the following steps:
(1), at first carry out light matrix cuttage, concrete operations are:
1. Cutting conditions: select leeward on the sunny side, good water permeability, and be provided with the interval-automatic water injector outdoor cutting bed;
2. matrix configuration: with peat soil, bacterium slag and the coconut palm chaff that fully the becomes thoroughly decomposed configuration raw material as matrix;
3. plugged ear is processed: the single leaf simple bud plugged ear that the fringe bar of semi-lignified is cut into 2cm～3cm;
4. HORMONE TREATMENT: plugged ear is carried out immersion treatment with indole-3-butyric acid;
5. cuttage: carry out cuttage under the temperature condition that is not less than subzero 5 degree, the cuttage degree of depth is 1cm～2cm, residual indole-3-butyric acid solution on horse back hydroblasting blade after cuttage;
(2), manage after cuttage, concrete operations are:
1. moisture regulation: namely carry out the moisture regulation management after cuttage until take root, the principle of moisture regulation is again to spray water before the face of blade moisture film disappears soon fully, and each water spraying time is substantially wetting to guarantee face of blade;
2. disease control: prevented and treated with 1000 times of liquid sprayings of carbendazim every 7 days after cuttage;
(3), the rear management of taking root, concrete operations are:
1. hardening: took root rear 15 days, and reduced gradually the water spray frequency and carry out hardening;
2. short bud is processed: took root rear 1 month, and be configured to 2000mg/L solution with 6-benzyl aminopurine, the bud of not rudiment plugged ear is smeared processing;
3. manage after hardening: mainly carry out the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.
In the Cutting conditions of described (1) step, adopt magnetic valve and relay to set up the interval-automatic water injector, the cuttage bedside is 1～1.2m.
The matrix configuration of described (1) step is to be mixed by the raw material that following by volume percentage is prepared: peat soil 12%～15%, bacterium slag 25%～30% and coconut palm chaff 55%～60%.
The HORMONE TREATMENT of described (1) step is that indole-3-butyric acid is configured to 2000mg/L solution, and plugged ear is fully immersed in 15～20s in indole-3-butyric acid solution in batch, constantly rocks therebetween.
In the cuttage process of described (1) step, plugged ear is inserted in the ready nutritious bag that light matrix is housed, plugged ear is inserted the degree of depth 1cm of matrix～2cm; On from plugged ear immersion indole-3-butyric acid solution to the hydroblasting blade, the time of residual solution is no more than 20min.
Manage after the hardening of described (3) step, concrete operations are, execute per month become thoroughly decomposed for 1 time～2 times bran cake liquid manure or concentration and be 0.1% composite fertilizer, carried out foliage fertilization 1 time in every 10 days～15 days, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone take concentration as 0.2%～0.3% spray blade, add with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.
The cost of propagation method of the present invention is low, cultivation period is short, generally only needs 6 to 10 months, can solve preferably climate difference and cause survival rate unstable, the problems such as root system is less-developed can also effectively reduce the propagating materials consume, improve the economic worth of oil tea Breeds resources exploitation.
Embodiment
The below is described in detail the concrete operation step of propagation method of the present invention:
1, the concrete operations of light matrix cuttage are as follows:
(1) Cutting conditions: form water control device with circulation time switch and magnetic valve, the circulation time switch opens or closes by the He Guanlai that opens of control circuit the magnetic valve that is arranged in ventilating water pipe, thereby control frequency and the time of water spray, the control time scope is 0 minute 0 second to 99 minutes and 59 seconds.Build cutting bed in the leeward place that faces south, bedside 1m～1.2m, length can design according to land occupation condition, is advisable with 10 to 20 meters, and cutting bed is rebasing with stone or rough sand, good water permeability.1.5 meters high shower nozzles are set up at 1.5 meters of spacing cutting bed head in two cutting beds, and every 3 meters buildings are established 1 1.5 meters high shower nozzle subsequently, and the water spray diameter reaches 2.5 meters.
(2) matrix configuration: matrix is mixed with by following percent by volume by peat soil, bacterium slag and coconut palm chaff: peat soil 12%～15%, bacterium slag 25%～30% and coconut palm chaff 55%～60%, the bacterium slag is with 0.3% potassium permanganate disinfection, and the coconut palm chaff will fully become thoroughly decomposed.The opening diameter of packing into after the abundant mixing of matrix is 8cm, in the nutrition cup of high 12cm (or nutritious bag), closely is placed in cutting bed.Cuttage front 1 day with concentration be 0.1% potassium permanganate to the matrix disinfection, with clear water, matrix is drenched before cuttage.
(3) plugged ear is processed: in the shade the fringe bar of semi-lignified is cut into single leaf simple bud plugged ear of 2cm～3cm, and the lower end angle, bud is close in the upper end, flat mouth, the cutting that shears is put into plastic basin and is covered with wet towel, and the holding time should not surpass 1h.
(4) HORMONE TREATMENT: the industrial alcohol with 95% is configured to 2000mg/L solution after indole-3-butyric acid is dissolved, the plugged ear that shears is poured in above-mentioned indole-3-butyric acid solution in batch, the careful stirring soaked 15-20 after second, pulls out rapidly, continues to wrap up with wet towel.
(5) cuttage: be not less than subzero 5 at extreme low temperature and all can carry out cuttage when spending, best cutting time be annual 4 to October, should select calm weather of dusk to carry out during cuttage.Plugged ear is inserted in the ready nutritious bag that light matrix is housed, every bag of plugged ear, face of blade up, the cuttage degree of depth is 1cm～2cm; Cuttage was sprayed water 3 to 5 minutes after entering matrix at once, guaranteed that remaining in indole-3-butyric acid solution residual on blade is rinsed in 20min after immersion.
2, manage after cuttage:
(1) moisture regulation: carrying out suitable moisture regulation after cuttage is the key that guarantees cuttage survival rate, the water spray frequency obtains moisturizing as principle so that assurance blade moisture film disappears soon, during just cuttage, water spray frequency as fine in daytime is that every 3min～5min sprays 1 water, every 10min of cloudy day～20min sprays 1 water, water of spray at every 30 minutes of night, after spike length callus to be inserted, can suitably reduce the water spray frequency daytime, can stop water spray when night is calm, and can suitably strengthen water spray frequency when hot summer.Water spraying time is relevant with pressure with the current size, forms moisture film as principle to guarantee blade, generally be advisable with 5s～15s, but the large weather proper extension of wind water spraying time.
(2) disease control: every 7 a days spray carbendazim 1000 times of liquid, carry out after being chosen in the sun and setting after cuttage, before the spray medicine, stop spraying water half an hour to morning sunrise.
3, the rear management of taking root, concrete operations are:
(1) hardening: regularly spot-check rooting rate every 3 days 1 time in 1 month after cuttage, beginning in 15 days reduces gradually the water spray frequency and carries out hardening after 80% cuttage rooting; In the hardening process, do not spray water night, elongates at double the interval time of spraying water daytime take 3 days as a unit, until surpass 8h interval time, completes hardening.
(2) short bud is processed: not rudiment plugged ear was urged the bud processing in 1 month after 80% cuttage rooting; Carry out after short bud is chosen in the sun and sets, 6-benzyl aminopurine is configured to 2000mg/L solution, be placed on the bud point of not rudiment plugged ear after dipping with cotton or blotting paper after the half an hour that stops spraying water.
(3) manage after hardening: execute per month become thoroughly decomposed for 1 time～2 times bran cake liquid manure or concentration and be 0.1% composite fertilizer, carried out foliage fertilization 1 time in every 10 days～15 days, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone take concentration as 0.2%～0.3% spray blade, add with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.
Below that the inventor uses the example that the inventive method is carried out the light matrix cottage propagation of oil tea:
Example: carry out cuttage in mid-May, 2010, cuttage fringe bar kind is soft No. 3 of Cen, takes from forest-science academy, Guangxi oil tea excellent strain and collects garden, the age of tree 5 years.Cuttage is carried out in forest-science academy, Guangxi full exposure interval-automatic water spray cutting bed, the fringe bar is cut into single leaf simple bud plugged ear of 2cm～3cm, cuttage was in the nutrition cup of filling matrix after speed was dipped in indole-3-butyric acid 2000mg/L solution, and matrix is become by the mixed raw material of following percent by volume: peat soil 14%, bacterium slag 28%, the abundant coconut palm chaff 58% that becomes thoroughly decomposed.The laggard between-line spacing water spray of cuttage and disease control.Cuttage was just observed part plugged ear base portion in 10 days and is begun to expand, and observed obvious callus in 18 days, and cuttage sample investigation in 40 days finds that 34.0% plugged ear grows new root from skin zone; Cuttage sample investigation after 60 days, rooting rate reaches 83.4%, and germination rate reaches 38.9%; Cuttage after 90 days germination rate be 55.4%, urge bud processing with 2000mg/L6-benayl aminopurine solution to the plugged ear of not rudiment this moment.Begin to impose root manure and the management work such as foliar application, the extermination of disease and insect pest mid-August, the survival rate of investigating by the end of November plugged ear is 88.7%, in the plugged ear that survives, germination rate has reached 84.3%, the long average 8.2cm of young sprout, reach most 18.5cm, 22.3% plugged ear young sprout has surpassed 15cm, reaches the garden specification.In April, 2011 investigation, survival rate are 81.5%, 97.4% the young sprout that survived the plugged ear pumping, and the young sprout average height reaches 17.5cm, and 83.2% the plugged ear young sprout height that survives surpasses 15cm, reaches the garden specification.
Claims (4)
1. the method for quickly breeding of the light matrix container cuttage seeding of oil tea, is characterized in that, operates according to the following steps:
(1), at first carry out light matrix cuttage, concrete operations are:
1. Cutting conditions: select leeward on the sunny side, good water permeability, and be provided with the interval-automatic water injector outdoor cutting bed;
2. matrix configuration: be to be mixed by the raw material that following by volume percentage is prepared: peat soil 12%～15%, bacterium slag 25%～30% and coconut palm chaff 55%～60%;
3. plugged ear is processed: the single leaf simple bud plugged ear that the fringe bar of semi-lignified is cut into 2cm～3cm;
4. HORMONE TREATMENT: indole-3-butyric acid is configured to 2000mg/L solution, plugged ear is carried out immersion treatment;
5. cuttage: carry out cuttage under the temperature condition that is not less than subzero 5 degree, the cuttage degree of depth is 1cm～2cm, residual indole-3-butyric acid solution on horse back hydroblasting blade after cuttage;
(2), manage after cuttage, concrete operations are:
1. moisture regulation: namely carry out the moisture regulation management after cuttage until take root, the principle of moisture regulation is again to spray water before the face of blade moisture film disappears soon fully, and each water spraying time is substantially wetting to guarantee face of blade;
2. disease control: prevented and treated with 1000 times of liquid sprayings of carbendazim every 7 days after cuttage;
(3), the rear management of taking root, concrete operations are:
1. hardening: took root rear 15 days, and reduced gradually the water spray frequency and carry out hardening;
2. short bud is processed: took root rear 1 month, and be configured to 2000mg/L solution with 6-benzyl aminopurine, the bud of not rudiment plugged ear is smeared processing;
3. manage after hardening: concrete operations are, execute per month become thoroughly decomposed for 1 time～2 times bran cake liquid manure or concentration and be 0.1% composite fertilizer, carried out foliage fertilization 1 time in every 10 days～15 days, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone take concentration as 0.2%～0.3% spray blade, add with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.
2. the method for quickly breeding of the light matrix container cuttage seeding of oil tea according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the Cutting conditions of described (1) step, adopts magnetic valve and relay to set up the interval-automatic water injector, and the cuttage bedside is 1～1.2m.
3. the method for quickly breeding of the light matrix container cuttage seeding of oil tea according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during the HORMONE TREATMENT of described (1) step, plugged ear is fully immersed in 15～20s in indole-3-butyric acid solution in batch, constantly rocks therebetween.
4. the method for quickly breeding of the light matrix container cuttage seeding of oil tea according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the cuttage process of described (1) step, plugged ear is inserted in the ready nutritious bag that light matrix is housed; On from plugged ear immersion indole-3-butyric acid solution to the hydroblasting blade, the time of residual solution can not be over 20 minutes.
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