CN102282930A - Nitrogen applying method for quercus variabilis blume containerized seedlings - Google Patents
Nitrogen applying method for quercus variabilis blume containerized seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention mainly relates to a nitrogen applying method for quercus variabilis blume containerized seedlings, and belongs to a fertilizing technology for forest containerized seedlings. A nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the quercus variabilis blume containerized seedlings by adopting an index fertilizing method, nitrogen is applied after the quercus variabilis blume is sprouted till the middle of September, the nitrogen is applied once every week, the nitrogen applying amount of each time is exponentially increased, and the accumulated nitrogen applying amount is 125 milligrams per plant. The biomass and the nitrogen content of the quercus variabilis blume containerized seedlings are respectively 5.29 grams per plant and 73.14 milligrams per plant, and the nitrogen absorbed by the seedlings accounts for 58.5 percent of the nitrogen applying amount; and the current year height of the quercus variabilis blume containerized seedlings is 25.7 centimeters, and the ground diameter of the containerized seedlings is 3.79 millimeters, so the containerized seedlings meet the requirements of qualified seedlings. The determined optimal nitrogen applying amount of the quercus variabilis blume containerized seedlings is 125 milligrams per plant, the exponential fertilizing method is adopted, the nitrogen applying amount of each time is exponentially increased, and the quantity of nutrient supplied to the seedlings is equivalent to the growth and development demand quantity of the seedlings, so that the specification of the seedlings and the nitrogen content are maximum.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the fertilizing method of container seedling, be specifically related to a kind of cork oak container seedling nitrogen application technology.
Two, background technology
Nitrogenous fertilizer is one of of paramount importance fertilizer in the plant growth and development process, and is particularly crucial to the reasonable applied nitrogen of nursery stock.The index fertilising is a kind of stable nutritious loading technique, is mainly used on the nitrogen application.In season nursery stock is carried out repeatedly applied nitrogen at seedling growth, each amount of nitrogen is index to be increased, and the amount that offers the nursery stock nutrient is synchronized with seedling growth growth requirement amount, makes a large amount of nutrients of nursery stock cylinder accumulation.After the nursery stock afforestation, storage nutrient in vivo is transferred to growing point, thereby improves afforestation effect.Studies show that in a large number the index fertilizer practice is better than conventional equivalent fertilizer practice, therefore extensively applied to oak and belong to (Quercus), Picea (Picea), the Pinus main reproducting tree species in European and American areas such as (Pinus), China also uses to some extent larix olgensis (Larix olgensis Henry.), masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) and Birch seeds such as (Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don).
Best amount of nitrogen is the emphasis and the key of index fertilizer practice.For determining the best amount of nitrogen of nursery stock, need the researcher rule of thumb or data formulate a plurality of amount of nitrogens, according to the biomass under each amount of nitrogen, nutrient density and content, simulate the response curve of three to amount of nitrogen, seek the method for flex point with reference to this curve negotiating and determine best amount of nitrogen.There are some researches show that red oak (Q.rubra L.), the best amount of nitrogen of Picea mariana (Picea mariana B.S.P.) container seedling are respectively 100mg/ strain, 64mg/ strain.As seen, the seeds difference, nursery stock optimum index amount of nitrogen is also different, therefore need test at concrete seeds and be determined its best amount of nitrogen.
Cork oak (Q.variabilis Blume) is China warm temperate zone and semi-tropical indigenous tree species, and cork oak container seedling demand is very big always, is bringing into play important effect in China's ecological construction.Cork oak geographical distribution, bioecology feature, seed storage and afforestation technology, cork oak processing and utilization etc. all have a large amount of reports, but fertilizer practice lacks research.In the production, nitrogenous fertilizer is made into 1: 200-1: the aqueous solution of 300 concentration applies fertilizer to the cork oak container seedling, and each amount of nitrogen equalization is not consistent with the seedling growth rhythm and pace of moving things, the fertilising in early stage can not be utilized fully by nursery stock and leaching takes place, and easily causes the waste of water pollution and fertilizer; And at the nursery stock development later stage, amount of nitrogen can not satisfy the demand of container seedling, causes seedling quality to descend.Simultaneously, it is big to execute nitrogen number of times difference in the production, and therefore amount of nitrogen also has nothing in common with each other, and interzone container seedling qualitative variability is also bigger.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the nitrogen method of executing of a kind of cork oak container seedling, solved the technical problem of best amount of nitrogen in the background technology.
A kind of cork oak container seedling is executed the nitrogen technology, it is characterized in that:
(1) after the cork oak seed treatment is treated the cork oak seed maturity autumn, in time gather seed in cork oak breeding base, and immerse 50 ℃ warm water 30min immediately to kill weevil, then with seed and wet husky the mixing (1: 3, v/v) preserve in 2 ℃ refrigerator and survive the winter, and make regular check on the fine sand water regime.Mid-March, the mixture of seed and sand is sieved to choose seed, take out the mensuration that 16 seeds carry out initial biomass and nitrogen concentration at random; Simultaneously, remaining seed is immersed in 48h in 25 ℃ the warm water, after pulling out once more with wet husky mixing the, the pallet vernalization of packing into, and the shed made from white plastic cloth and bamboo is buckled on the pallet, is placed on afterwards in the greenhouse, stir 1 every day, and the trickle maintenance is moistening.
(2) the matrix preparation mixes according to 3: 1 (v/v) ratios with sterilization peat and vermiculite, and every cubic metre adds ferrous sulfate 25kg, with the moistening matrix of watering, after fully being mixed, covers 24h with Polypropylence Sheet while turning.
(3) container for plant growth selects cork oak to belong to the flourishing seeds of main root, for avoiding the nest root, selecting footpath suitable for reading diameter is that 10cm, the degree of depth are the plastic film container of 20cm, evenly the distribute root of leading of 4 projectioies of inner surface of container, and container bottom has 4 apertures to utilize draining and air root relief.
(4) dress cup is contained in matrix in the plastic film container, and the limit compacting of limit filling matrix is placed in wire rope net surface then and grows seedlings on the bed.3-5d waters before the sowing, can ooze out from plastic film container bottom to water.
(5) seed that grows the 2-3cm radicle is chosen in sowing from pallet, puts into the basin of containing clear water.Prick out the dark duck eye of 3-5cm with bamboo let in matrix central authorities, seed is carefully put into and covered, approximately continue 1-2w with matrix.
(6) fertilising nitrogenous fertilizer adopts the index fertilising.N
sBe the initial nitrogen content of seed, by measuring the biomass and the nitrogen concentration of 16 seeds, determine during seed soaking according to single seed nitrogen average content; Amount of nitrogen N
TBe the 125mg/ strain; Fertilizer application frequency t is 23, from April 11 to September in 12 23 weeks, weekly to nursery stock applied nitrogen 1 time; Relatively add speed r and be the 0.068mg/ strain/time.Per 2 weeks of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer use 1 time, whole growth season totally 10 times, P
2O
5And K
2The O cumulative amount is the 60mg/ strain.During fertilising,, calculate and weigh fertilizer amounts such as urea, superphosphate, potassium sulphate, put into plastic barrel with reference to the nursery stock strain number that needs to cultivate and the available nutrient content of fertilizer; Every nursery stock will apply mixed solution 20ml, calculate and will measure a certain amount of water according to the nursery stock strain number of cultivating, and pour water into plastic barrel, fully stir, dissolving fertilizer, and every young plant wood applies mixed aqueous solution 20ml.The fertilising process sees Table 1.
Table 1 cork oak container seedling fertilising plan
| Fertilizer application frequency | Fertilization time | N (mg/ strain) | P 2O 5(mg/ strain) | K 2O (mg/ strain) |
| 1 | April 11 | 2.330 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | April 18 | 2.494 | 6 | 6 |
| 3 | April 25 | 2.669 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | May 2 | 2.857 | 6 | 6 |
| 5 | May 9 | 3.058 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | May 16 | 3.273 | 6 | 6 |
| 7 | May 23 | 3.503 | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | May 30 | 3.749 | 6 | 6 |
| 9 | June 6 | 4.012 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | June 13 | 4.295 | 6 | 6 |
| 11 | June 20 | 4.597 | 0 | 0 |
| 12 | June 27 | 4.920 | 6 | 6 |
| 13 | July 4 | 5.266 | 0 | 0 |
| 14 | July 11 | 5.636 | 6 | 6 |
| 15 | July 18 | 6.032 | 0 | 0 |
| 16 | July 25 | 6.456 | 6 | 6 |
| 17 | August 1 | 6.910 | 0 | 0 |
| 18 | August 8 | 7.396 | 6 | 6 |
| 19 | August 15 | 7.916 | 0 | 0 |
| 20 | August 22 | 8.472 | 6 | 6 |
| 21 | August 29 | 9.068 | 0 | 0 |
| 22 | September 5 | 9.706 | 0 | 0 |
| 23 | September 12 | 10.388 | 0 | 0 |
| Summation | 23 weeks | 125 | 60 | 60 |
(7) broadcasting the back management repeatedly watered weekly in right amount in cork oak seeding stage and seedling phase; The speed phase of giving birth to waters in a large number, and the number of times that waters is 2 times weekly; The control of growth later stage is watered, and every 10d waters 1 time.The method of preventing and treating disease is, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-800 times of liquid spraying, begins to carry out 1 time every 14d from the seedling phase, carries out altogether 6 times, needs at the nursery stock back spraying carbendazim that waters.Artificial weeding extracts with root when matrix is moistening, prevents loosening shoot root.Use sharp scissors, remove unnecessary coppice shoot from the face of land, keep the sturdy nursery stock of 1 strain in every container, in time decide strain.
(8) going out the garden moves to outdoor heeling in nursery stock by the end of October and survives the winter with heeling in from the greenhouse.When heeling in, a ditch vertical with prevailing wind direction is dug in well in the shade, the leeward place of gather water, and trench depth is 25cm, and the container seedling block pattern row pattern in ditch, is sprinkled into the thick table soil of 3cm, makes it to maintain an equal level with the face of land.It is saturated to matrix to pour water.
Advantage of the present invention and characteristic are: determining the best amount of nitrogen of cork oak container seedling with the standardization test method is the 125mg/ strain; When the cork oak container seedling was used the 125mg/ strain, biomass and nitrogen content were respectively 5.29g/ strain, 73.14mg/ strain, and the ratio that the nitrogen that nursery stock absorbs accounts for amount of nitrogen is up to 58.5%, and the availability of the nitrogen of employing index fertilising is high more than 25% than the conventional fertilizer application method; Cork oak container seedling height of seedling then is 25.7cm, and leading thread is 3.79mm, has reached qualified seedling requirement; The index fertilizer practice that test is determined presents with the form of numerical table, and production unit calculates each amount of nitrogen according to the amount of growing seedlings, and by realizing the automation fertilising with water fertilising facility, can be adopted by China nursery at all levels, has a extensive future.
Four, embodiment
(1) processing method 1
1) gathers cork oak seed treatment mid-September seed in cork oak breeding base, all the people present building, Beijing, after clean the kind, seed is put into 50 ℃ warm water 30min, then seed is fully mixed with 1: 3 ratio with wet sand, be contained in and put into refrigerator in the carton, temperature is set to 2 ℃.March 12, with sieve seed is sifted out, 16 seeds of random choose are immersed in remaining seed in 25 ℃ the warm water, pull seed behind the 48h out, once more with seed and wet husky the mixing, the vernalization in the pallet of packing into, and the shed made from white plastic cloth and bamboo is buckled on the pallet, is placed on afterwards in the greenhouse, stir 1 every day, and trickle keeps moistening.
2) container selects cork oak to belong to the flourishing seeds of main root, and for avoiding the nest root, selecting footpath suitable for reading diameter is that 10cm, the degree of depth are the plastic film container of 20cm.
3) the matrix sterilization mixed peat and vermiculite March 17 with filling according to 3: 1 (v/v) ratios, and every cubic metre adds ferrous sulfate 25kg, with the moistening matrix of watering, after fully being mixed, covers 24h with Polypropylence Sheet while turning.March 18 was contained in plastic film container with matrix, and the compacting while loading is placed in wire rope net surface then and grows seedlings on the bed.March 24 watered matrix to water and can ooze out from plastic film container bottom.
4) on March-31 on the 25th is chosen the seed that grows the 2-3cm radicle in sowing from pallet, puts into the basin of containing clear water.With the duck eye that bamboo let is pricked out 3-5cm in matrix central authorities, seed is carefully put into and covered with matrix.
5) 16 seeds March 12 will picking out of the mensuration of the initial nitrogen content of seed are clean with flushing with clean water, use the deionized water rinse then 3 times, put into baking oven, under 65 ℃ of conditions, keep 48h, measure the single seed biomass, drawing single seeded weight is 3.44 ± 0.52g.With per 4 one group in seed, be divided into 4 groups, pulverize, cross the 2mm sieve with cracker, use KMnO
4-Fe-H
2SO
4Disappear and boil, (USA), drawing average nitrogen concentration is 0.96 ± 0.024% for UDK-152, Velp Scientifica, and initial nitrogen content is the 33.14mg/ strain to utilize full-automatic azotometer to decide nitrogen.
6) fertilizing method is handled the 1 index fertilizing constant that adopts and is seen Table 2, amount of nitrogen N
TBe the 25mg/ strain; Executing nitrogen number of times t is 23, applied nitrogen 1 time weekly on the 12nd from April 11 to September; Relatively add speed r and be the 0.024mg/ strain/time.Per 2 weeks of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer use 1 time, and whole growth season is used 10 times altogether, P
2O
5And K
2The O cumulative amount is the 60mg/ strain.During fertilising,, calculate and weigh fertilizer amounts such as urea, superphosphate, potassium sulphate, put into plastic barrel with reference to the nursery stock strain number that needs to cultivate and the available nutrient content of fertilizer; Every nursery stock will apply mixed solution 20ml, calculate and will measure a certain amount of water according to the nursery stock strain number of cultivating, and pour water into plastic barrel, fully stir, dissolving fertilizer, and every young plant wood applies mixed aqueous solution 20ml.The fertilising process sees Table 3.
7) broadcasting the back management repeatedly watered weekly in right amount in seeding stage, seedling phase; The speed phase of giving birth to waters in a large number, and the number of times that waters is 2 times weekly; The control of growth later stage is watered, and every 10d waters 1 time.Prevent and treat disease with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-800 times of liquid spraying, begin to carry out 1 time, carry out altogether 6 times every 14d from the seedling phase.Artificial weeding extracts with root when matrix is moistening, prevents loosening shoot root.Use sharp scissors, remove unnecessary coppice shoot from the face of land, keep the sturdy nursery stock of 1 strain in every container, in time decide strain.
8) go out the garden and heel in October 24, move to nursery stock outdoor from the greenhouse.When heeling in, a ditch vertical with prevailing wind direction is dug in well in the shade, the leeward place of gather water, and trench depth is 25cm, and the container seedling block pattern row pattern in ditch, is sprinkled into the thick table soil of 3cm, makes it to maintain an equal level with the face of land.It is saturated to matrix to pour water.
9) seedling quality is observed November 8, and nursery stock is destroyed sampling.Picked at random 32 young plant wood, water carefully rinse out the matrix around the root system, and with distilled water rinse 2 times, measure its height of seedling and leading thread, and the height of seedling of 32 young plant wood, leading thread mean value are to handle 1 height of seedling and leading thread; Then per at random 8 strains of this 32 young plant wood are merged into 1 group, are divided into into 4 groups.Every group of nursery stock cut off by root, stem, leaf, is respectively charged into envelope to form biased sample, takes back laboratory and dry by the fire 48h in 65 ℃ of baking ovens, measures root, stem, leaf biomass respectively; Again the 2mm sieve is pulverized, crossed to root, stem, leaf, use KMnO
4-Fe-H
2SO
4Disappear and boil, (UDK-152, Velp Scientifica USA), measure root, stem, leaf nitrogen concentration to utilize full-automatic azotometer to decide nitrogen; Every group of root nitrogen content multiply by the root nitrogen concentration for the root biomass, the stem biomass multiply by nitrogen concentration for the stem biomass, the leaf biomass multiply by the leaf nitrogen concentration, every group of total biomass is root, stem, leaf biomass sum, every group of nitrogen content is root nitrogen content, stem nitrogen content, leaf nitrogen content sum, and every group of nitrogen concentration is that every group of nitrogen content is divided by the reorganization biomass.4 groups of biomass mean values are for handling 1 biomass, and 4 groups of nitrogen content mean values are the nitrogen content of processing 1, and 4 groups of nitrogen concentration mean values are to handle 1 nitrogen concentration.
(2) processing method 2
Amount of nitrogen N
TBe the 75mg/ strain, add speed r relatively and be the 0.051mg/ strain/time.Other measure is with handling 1.
(3) processing method 3
Amount of nitrogen N
TBe the 100mg/ strain, add speed r relatively and be the 0.060mg/ strain/time.Other measure is with handling 1.
(4) processing method 4
Amount of nitrogen N
TBe the 125mg/ strain, add speed r relatively and be the 0.068mg/ strain/time.Other measure is with handling 1.
(5) processing method 5
Amount of nitrogen N
TBe the 150mg/ strain, add speed r relatively and be the 0.074mg/ strain/time.Other measure is with handling 1.
(6) processing method 6
Amount of nitrogen N
TBe the 175mg/ strain, add speed r relatively and be the 0.080mg/ strain/time.Other measure is with handling 1.
More than the technical parameter and fertilising plan of 6 kinds of processing methods, see Table 2 respectively, table 3.
The technical parameter of 6 kinds of processing of table 2
| Handle | Amount of nitrogen (mg/ strain) | Initial nitrogen content N s(mg/ strain) | Execute nitrogen number of times t | Relative interpolation speed r (the mg/ strain/time) |
| 1 | ?25 | 33.14 | ?23 | 0.024 |
| 2 | ?75 | 33.14 | ?23 | 0.051 |
| 3 | ?100 | 33.14 | ?23 | 0.060 |
| 4 | ?125 | 33.14 | ?23 | 0.068 |
| 5 | ?150 | 33.14 | ?23 | 0.074 |
| 6 | ?175 | 33.14 | ?23 | 0.080 |
The plan of 6 kinds of processing of table 3
More than the seedling quality of 6 kinds of processing methods see Table 4
The seedling quality contrast of 6 kinds of processing of table 4
| Handle | Biomass (g/ strain) | Nitrogen content (mg/ strain) | Nitrogen concentration (%) | Height of seedling (cm) | Leading thread (mm) |
| 1 | 4.50a | 48.30a | 1.08a | 23.5a | 3.64a |
| 2 | 4.95bc | 58.43b | 1.18b | 23.5a | 3.54a |
| 3 | 4.43a | 58.28b | 1.32c | 23.3a | 3.60a |
| 4 | 5.29c | 73.14c | 1.38cd | 25.7a | 3.79a |
| 5 | 4.61ab | 62.34b | 1.35cd | 24.0a | 3.71a |
| 6 | 4.40a | 62.39b | 1.42d | 22.5a | 3.72a |
Annotate: 1) utilization SPSS16.0 software, utilize generalized linear model to carry out data analysis, multiple ratio adopts the Duncan method.
2) among the figure longitudinally same letter be illustrated on 0.05 level not remarkable.
According to the nutrition loading theory, the best amount of nitrogen of nursery stock is determined by biomass and nitrogen content.The present invention by be provided with 25,75,100,125,150,6 amount of nitrogens such as 175mg/ strain, when amount of nitrogen is increased to the 125mg/ strain time by the 25mg/ strain, cork oak biomass and nitrogen content are and increase gradually to trend, when continuing amount of nitrogen to 150 and 175mg/ strain, biomass and nitrogen content significantly descend, as can be known, the best amount of nitrogen of cork oak container seedling index fertilising is the 125mg/ strain, promptly handles 4.
Handle 4 pairs of cork oak container seedlings with the present invention and execute nitrogen, it is maximum that biomass and nitrogen content all reach, and is respectively 5.29g/ strain, 73.14mg/ strain, increased by 17.6%, 51.4% respectively than handling 1.
Handle 4 pairs of cork oak container seedlings with the present invention and execute nitrogen, height of seedling is 25.7cm, and leading thread is 3.79mm, has all reached the requirement of qualified seedling.
The cork oak index fertilizer practice that test is determined presents with the form of numerical table, and production unit calculates each amount of nitrogen according to the amount of growing seedlings, and by realizing the automation fertilising with water fertilising facility, can be adopted by China nursery at all levels, has a extensive future.
Claims (1)
1. cork oak container seedling applied nitrogen method is characterized in that:
(1) adopts the index fertilizing method, after cork oak germinates, begin applied nitrogen, finish, carry out altogether 23 times to mid-September;
(2) each amount of nitrogen is index increases, add speed relatively and be the 0.068mg/ strain/time, the accumulative total amount of nitrogen is the 125mg/ strain.
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| CN102771297A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-14 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for cultivating cork oak seedlings |
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| CN104396534A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-11 | 新疆林业科学院 | Seedling cultivation method for prompting fast growing of young oak |
| CN104855205A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-26 | 福建师范大学 | Method for promoting growth of machilus chinensis seedlings |
| CN105393882A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-16 | 黄钱英 | QuercusvariabilisBl container nursery method |
| CN113424739A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-24 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for regulating and controlling growth of quercus variabilis by coupling of water and fertilizer |
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| CN102771297A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-14 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for cultivating cork oak seedlings |
| CN102771297B (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-06-18 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for cultivating cork oak seedlings |
| CN103314753A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-09-25 | 北京林业大学 | Seedling raising method for relieving root nesting of containerized Chinese cork oak seedlings |
| CN104396534A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-11 | 新疆林业科学院 | Seedling cultivation method for prompting fast growing of young oak |
| CN104396534B (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-08-17 | 新疆林业科学院 | Promote the method for cultivating seedlings of children's summer in age rubber fast-growing |
| CN104855205A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-26 | 福建师范大学 | Method for promoting growth of machilus chinensis seedlings |
| CN105393882A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-16 | 黄钱英 | QuercusvariabilisBl container nursery method |
| CN113424739A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-24 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for regulating and controlling growth of quercus variabilis by coupling of water and fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20111221 |