CN102133119A - 用于联接内部修复体的系统 - Google Patents

用于联接内部修复体的系统 Download PDF

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CN102133119A
CN102133119A CN2010105370666A CN201010537066A CN102133119A CN 102133119 A CN102133119 A CN 102133119A CN 2010105370666 A CN2010105370666 A CN 2010105370666A CN 201010537066 A CN201010537066 A CN 201010537066A CN 102133119 A CN102133119 A CN 102133119A
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fastener
slave unit
active force
state
assembly according
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李·鲍德克
菲利普·R·霍尔
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Aptus Endosystems Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/10Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for applying or removing wound clamps, e.g. containing only one clamp or staple; Wound clamp magazines
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    • A61B17/064Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/08Wound clamps or clips, i.e. not or only partly penetrating the tissue ; Devices for bringing together the edges of a wound
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/08Wound clamps or clips, i.e. not or only partly penetrating the tissue ; Devices for bringing together the edges of a wound
    • A61B17/083Clips, e.g. resilient
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2090/037Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety with a frangible part, e.g. by reduced diameter
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/848Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents having means for fixation to the vessel wall, e.g. barbs
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/89Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure the wire-like elements comprising two or more adjacent rings flexibly connected by separate members
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/04Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
    • A61F2/06Blood vessels
    • A61F2/07Stent-grafts
    • A61F2002/075Stent-grafts the stent being loosely attached to the graft material, e.g. by stitching
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0008Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
    • A61F2220/0016Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0015Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in density or specific weight
    • A61F2250/0017Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in density or specific weight differing in yarn density

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于联接内部修复体的系统。利用紧固器将修复体固定到位,该紧固器通过施加装置植入,该施加装置也利用血管内方法置放。该施加装置被构造成允许在独立于植入步骤的步骤中可控地、选择性地释放紧固器。

Description

用于联接内部修复体的系统
本申请是申请日为2005年2月22日、发明名称为“用于联接内部修复体的系统”且申请号为200580006169.7的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请
本申请要求于2003年10月24日提交的名称为“Multi-Lumen Prosthesis Systems and Methods”的美国专利申请No.10/693,255的优先权。本申请还要求于2002年11月29日提交的名称为“Intraluminal Prosthesis Attachment Systems and Methods”的美国专利申请系列No.10/307,226的优先权。
技术领域
本发明主要涉及一种修复体,并且特别涉及对用于中空身体器官和/或血管的患病和/或损伤部位的修复中的修复体的联接。
背景技术
管壁由于损伤或疾病而衰弱可导致血管扩张和动脉瘤形成。如果不加治疗,动脉瘤能够长大并且最终破裂。
例如,主动脉瘤主要发生在腹部,一般在肾动脉和主动脉分叉之间的肾下区域中。动脉瘤还可形成于主动脉弓和肾动脉之间的胸部中。主动脉瘤破裂可导致大出血并且具有高死亡率。
对血管的患病或损伤部位进行开放手术置换能够消除血管破裂的风险。在该过程中,血管的患病或损伤部位被切除并且安置或者直线形或者分叉形的修复体移植物,然后通过缝合将其永久联接并密封到原位血管的端部。用于这些过程的修复体移植物通常为不受支撑的织管并且一般利用聚酯、ePTFE或其它适当材料制成。移植物沿其纵向不受支撑从而它们能够适应动脉瘤和原位血管形态的变化。然而,这些过程需要进行较大的手术切开并且具有高的发病率和死亡率。此外,很多病人由于其它并发症而不适于接受这种类型的大手术。
已经引入血管内动脉瘤修复用以克服与开放手术修复相关的问题。动脉瘤使用在组织间置入的人造血管桥接。通常这些用于主动脉瘤的修复体移植物折叠在导管上通过股动脉置入。这些移植物一般设计有联接到金属支架(stent)结构的织物,其展开或被展开以接触血管的内直径。与开放手术动脉瘤修复不同,组织间置放移植物并不缝合到原位血管,而是依赖于从支架延伸出的倒钩,其在置放期间穿入原位血管中,或者施加支架自身的径向膨胀力以便将移植物保持到位。当与缝合相比时这些移植物联接装置不能提供相同的联接水平,并且在置放时可损伤原位血管。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于修复中空身体器官和/或血管的患病和/或损伤部位的设备、工具、系统和方法。该设备、工具、系统和方法可例如用于在血管或中空身体器官中引入和置放修复体,这最好通过血管内方法实现。利用紧固器将修复体固定到位,该紧固器利用体现本发明一个或多个特征的设备、工具、系统和方法植入,并且也最好利用血管内方法置放。
根据本发明的一个方面,施加装置被构造成允许在一个独立于植入步骤的步骤中受控地、选择性地释放紧固器。根据本发明在这方面的一个实施例,施加装置包括在工具本体上携带的从动部件。工具本体可包括例如软管如导管以允许血管内置放该从动部件。从动部件可被操作从而向紧固器施加植入作用力。驱动致动器用于操作该从动部件。施加装置还包括从动部件上的紧固器接合机构。该机构可被操作以在第一状态中将紧固器联接到从动部件从而将植入作用力从从动部件传递到紧固器。从而可由此实现紧固器的植入。该机构还可被操作以在第二状态中从从动部件释放紧固器。根据本发明这一方面,该机构包括第二致动器,其将该机构置于第二状态中以释放紧固器。该第二致动器可独立于驱动致动器进行操作。因此,在使用植入工具将紧固器植入组织中以及在这种植入顺利实现之后从植入工具将紧固器释放之间,可以存在确定的、成步骤的间隔。
本发明另一个方面提供一种工具,其能够用于将植入作用力施加给紧固器,该紧固器的尺寸和结构适于响应于根据预定状态施加的植入作用力在植入组织内。该工具联接到控制器,该控制器在植入结束之前中断植入,并且在继续植入操作之前插入“继续执行”/“不继续执行”的决策步骤。该工具包括在工具本体上携带的从动部件。工具本体可包括例如软管如导管。从动部件可被操作以施加植入作用力。位于从动部件上的机构将紧固器联接到从动部件以将植入作用力从从动部件传递到紧固器。根据本发明的这一方面,将控制器联接到从动部件。控制器在植入过程中执行不同的操作阶段。在初始阶段中操作从动部件以在并不实现预定状态的状态下施加植入作用力,从而仅将紧固器部分地植入。在初始阶段的终点,暂停阶段开始。该暂停阶段中断从动部件的操作。在最终阶段中,在补足初始阶段的状态以实现预定状态的状态下操作从动部件,并且因此完成整个植入过程。然而,在初始阶段之后,控制器需要获得预定指令以从暂停阶段继续到最终阶段。在紧固器植入最终完成之前,该暂停阶段要求进行决策。如果认为在初始阶段中的植入情况并不令人满意,则放弃植入,并且可将紧固器(现在仅被部分地植入)取出。这种决策可包括手术员作出的自主决策和/或至少部分基于在初始阶段中感测到的病人身体或手术状态而作出的决策。
本发明另一个方面提供一种工具,用于将植入作用力施加给紧固器,其尺寸和结构适于响应于植入作用力在组织内进行植入。该工具包括在工具本体上携带的从动部件,其可被操作用于施加植入作用力。根据本发明的这一方面,包括一种元件用于将紧固器拴系到工具本体。该拴系元件可防止紧固器在植入之前不慎丢失。该拴系元件包括脆弱部分,从而一旦紧固器被顺利植入,拴系元件能够与紧固器分离并且将工具本体移除。
本发明还提供各种系统和方法,用于使用上述装置以在血管或中空身体器官中植入组织。
基于所附的说明、附图和权利要求可以清楚本发明的其它特征和优点。
附图的简要说明
结合附图,从优选实施例的详细描述,可以理解本发明,其中:
图1是具有可容纳所引入的一个或多个紧固器的紧固区域的修复体的透视图;
图2是示于图1的修复体的透视图,示出紧固器联接于紧固区域中;
图3是示于图1的修复体的透视图,其位于腹部主动脉瘤中;
图4是示于图3的修复体在通过血管内导管进行置放时的透视图;
图5是示于图3的修复体在被置放之后并且当通过血管内紧固器施加装置植入紧固器时的透视图;
图6是血管内紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,其可用于以图5所示方式将紧固器植入示于图1和2的修复体中;
图7是能够使用示于图6的血管内紧固器施加装置植入的一种螺旋紧固器的透视图;
图8A(1)是用于植入图7所示紧固器的载体的放大视图,该载体位于图8A(2)所示血管内紧固器施加装置的远端,该载体被示为处于在植入之前接收紧固器的状态中;
图8A(2)是紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,其包括位于其远端的如在图8A(1)中示出的载体,该载体被示为处于在接收紧固器之后并且载体被旋转以将紧固器植入到修复体/组织壁中的状态;
图8B(1)是示于图8A(1)的载体的放大视图,该载体被示为处于在植入之后将紧固器释放的状态中;
图8B(2)是紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,其包括位于其远端的如在图8B(1)中示出的载体,该载体被示为当将紧固器植入修复体/组织壁中之后释放该紧固器的状态;
图8C是示于图8A(2)的紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,该载体被示为处于将紧固器从修复体/组织壁退出或取回的状态中;
图9A(1)是用于植入图7所示紧固器的载体另一个实施例的放大视图,该载体位于图9A(2)所示血管内紧固器施加装置的远端,该载体被示为处于在植入之前接收紧固器的状态中;
图9A(2)是紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,其包括位于其远端的如在图9A(1)中示出的载体,该载体被示为处于在接收紧固器之后并且载体被旋转以将紧固器植入到修复体/组织壁中的状态;
图9B(1)是示于图9A(1)的载体的放大视图,该载体被示为处于在植入之后将紧固器释放的状态中;
图9B(2)是紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,其包括,位于其远端的如在图9B(1)中示出的载体,该载体被示为当将紧固器植入修复体/组织壁中之后释放该紧固器的状态;
图10A(1)是用于植入图7所示紧固器的载体的放大视图,该载体位于图10A(2)所示血管内紧固器施加装置的远端,该载体被示为处于在植入之前接收紧固器的状态中;
图10A(2)是紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,其包括位于其远端的如在图10A(1)中示出的载体,该载体被示为处于在接收紧固器之后并且载体被旋转以将紧固器植入到修复体/组织壁中的状态;
图10B(1)是示于图10A(1)的载体的放大视图,该载体被示为处于在植入之后将紧固器释放的状态中;
图10B(2)是紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,其包括位于其远端的如在图10B(1)中示出的载体,该载体被示为当将紧固器植入修复体/组织壁中之后释放该紧固器的状态;
图11是用于植入图7所示紧固器的载体的放大视图,该载体位于图10A(2)和10B(2)所示血管内紧固器施加装置的远端,该载体被示为处于在植入之前接收紧固器的状态中;
图12A和12B是是包括螺旋紧固器和端盖的紧固器组件的透视图,图12A示出该组件的分解视图并且图12B示出该组件的装配视图;
图13A和13B是示出用于植入图12B所示紧固器组件的载体内部的侧视图,该载体位于图15A所示血管内紧固器施加装置的远端,图13A中的载体被示为处于在植入之前接收紧固器组件的状态中,图13B中的载体被示为处于在植入之后释放紧固器组件的状态中;
图14A和14B是示出将图12B所示紧固器组件安装到图13A所示载体的侧视图;
图15A是紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,其包括位于其远端的如在图13A中示出的载体,该载体被示为处于在接收图14B所示紧固器组件之后并且载体被旋转以将紧固器组件植入到修复体/组织壁中的状态;
图15B是示于图15A的紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,该载体被示为当将紧固器组件植入修复体/组织壁中之后释放该紧固器组件的状态;
图15C是示于图15A的紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,该载体被示为处于将紧固器组件从修复体/组织壁退出或取回的状态中;
图16A(1)是用于植入图7所示紧固器的载体的放大视图,该载体位于图16A(2)所示血管内紧固器施加装置的远端,该载体被示为处于在植入之前保持紧固器的状态中;
图16A(2)是紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,其包括位于其远端的如在图16A(1)中示出的载体,该载体被旋转以将紧固器植入修复体/组织壁中;
图16B是示于图16A(2)的紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,载体被示为处于第一操作阶段的终点,在该第一操作阶段中紧固器被部分地植入修复体/组织壁中并且其中紧固器保持固定于载体;
图16C是示于图16A(2)的紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,该载体被示为在在第一操作阶段之后并且处于第二操作阶段的终点,在该第二操作阶段中紧固器已被完全植入并从载体释放到修复体/组织壁中;
图16D是示于图16A(2)的紧固器施加装置的侧视图,局部断开并且以截面示出,该载体被示为在第一操作阶段之后并且处于另一个操作阶段中,在该另一个操作阶段中紧固器从修复体/组织壁退出或者取回,但是仍然固定到载体上;
图17A和17B是示于前面任一图中的紧固器施加装置的侧视图,该紧固器施加装置包括以可释放方式将紧固器拴系到紧固器施加装置的元件,图17A示出拴系元件在紧固器植入修复体/组织壁之后保持在紧固器上,并且图17B示出拴系元件已经从紧固器分离;
图18A和18B示出图17A和17B的拴系元件的一个实施例,该拴系元件固定到紧固器的脆弱部分,图18A示出拴系元件在紧固器植入修复体/组织壁之后保持在紧固器上,并且图18B示出拴系元件已经从紧固器分离;
图19A示出示于图17A和17B的拴系元件的一个实施例,该拴系元件固定到脆弱接头,通过相对于紧固器旋转拴系元件使其断裂;
图19B示出示于图17A和17B的拴系元件的一个实施例,该拴系元件固定到脆弱接头,通过从紧固器牵拉拴系元件使其断裂;
图20A和20B示出示于图17A和17B的拴系元件的一个实施例,该拴系元件固定到螺纹接头(图20A),通过相对于紧固器(图20B)旋转拴系元件而进行分离;
图21A和21B示出示于图17A和17B的拴系元件的一个实施例,该拴系元件固定到球窝接头(图21A),通过从紧固器(图21B)牵拉拴系元件而进行分离;
图22A和22B示出示于图17A和17B的拴系元件的一个实施例,该拴系元件固定到滑配接头(图22A),通过从紧固器(图22B)牵拉拴系元件而进行分离;
图23A和23B示出示于图17A和17B的拴系元件的一个实施例,该拴系元件固定到打结接头(图23A),通过从紧固器(图23B)牵拉拴系元件而进行分离;
图24A和24B示出示于图17A和17B的拴系元件的一个实施例,该拴系元件固定到脆弱管接头(图24),通过牵拉剥离绳(图24B)而进行分离;
图25A和25B示出示于图17A和17B的拴系元件的一个实施例,该拴系元件通过互锁接头(图25A)固定,其通过牵拉可移动套筒(图25B)而被释放。
具体实施方式
I.修复体
A.结构
图1示出修复体10。修复体10用于修复或加强因疾病或损伤而衰弱的管壁或中空身体器官。
在所示意的实施例(见图1)中,修复体10包括管状主干12。主干12的尺寸和构造适于安置在中空身体器官和/或血管的目标区域内。基于某些解剖学特征选择目标区域。这些特征包括例如由疾病或损伤引起的衰弱状态。
主干12形成具有开口内腔18的基本圆筒形的结构。在所示意的实施例中,主干12包括由支架16支撑的修复体材料14。基于其生物适应性、耐用性和柔性机械特性选择修复体材料14,材料14可包括例如机织聚脂或ePTFE。
支架16的尺寸和构造最好能够允许通过血管内导管无创伤性地置放修复体10。基于该标准,支架16的尺寸和构造能够呈现为压缩的或折叠的、小型化的状态,以允许通过导管将其血管内引入中空身体器官和/或血管中,这将在后面更加详细描述。
同样基于该标准,支架16的尺寸和构造适于就地进行膨胀,从其折叠状态膨胀到与目标区域中的组织相接触的展开状态,这也将在后面更加详细描述。
在这方面,支架16可包括例如有延展性的塑料或金属材料,该材料在被施加作用力时能够展开。在这种布置中,置放导管可包括例如可展开体,如气球,以便就地向支架16施加膨胀作用力。
可替换的,支架16可包括自展开塑料或金属材料,当受力时能够被压缩,但是当移除压缩作用力时能够自动伸展。在这种布置中,置放导管可包括例如套筒,其可被操作用于将支架16封装在折叠状态中,由此施加压缩作用力,并且当需要时释放支架16以允许支架16就地自动伸展。
为了能够自动伸展,支架16可包括独立的自动伸展的、锯齿形的主支架环(main stent ring)22。主支架环22可例如由Nitinol
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金属线制成,也可使用其它材料,制造方法和设计。
主支架环22无需在整个修复体材料14上相互联接,如图1所示。独立的主支架环22允许纵向柔顺性同时保持开口内腔18的径向支撑。该技术特征允许修复体10更加易于适应目标区域形态的变化。而且,在修复体结构中的某些位置处,最好在独立的主支架环22之间形成联接以提供增强的稳定性和/或额外的径向支撑。
各个主支架环22能够例如缝合到修复体材料14上。在所示意的实施例中,其中修复体材料14为机织聚酯,可例如利用聚酯缝线实现主支架环22的联接。
然而,还考虑到其它联接方式可被用于将主支架环22固定到修复体材料14。这些方式包括:粘结;将主支架环22保持在两层修复体材料14之间;以及将主支架环22直接结合到修复体材料14中。
在某些位置中期望将主支架环22联接到修复体材料14的外直径。而且,也考虑到主支架环22可以联接到修复体材料22的内直径。
主干12的至少一端最好还包括一个或多个端支架环24。端支架环24的主要目的在于在主干12和邻接组织之间提供密封。当修复体10置放在血管或其它身体器官中时,特别期望实现这种密封,在此处体液易于停留在或者通过修复体10。端支架环24还可与主支架环22一起有助于保持修复体10在目标区域中的位置。
主干12(材料14和/或支架16)能够带有不透射线的标记46以便于通过荧光定位修复体10。标记46可采取例如标记带、紧绕线圈或金属丝,其由不透射线的材料例如铂、铂/铱或金制成。
主干12还最好包括至少一个紧固区域26,其用于接收被引入的一个或多个紧固器28以将修复体10固定到位(见图2)。最好主干12的该区域26具有特殊尺寸和结构以用于接收和保持紧固器28。例如,可在区域26中将支架环图案的尺寸和间隔构造成专门适用于安置紧固器;和/或具有“X-模式”或“正弦曲线模式”的织造纤维可用于区域26中从而专门适用于安置紧固器;和/或修复体材料14可被折叠以形成多层,从而在安置紧固器的区域26中增强修复体;和/或可在安置紧固器的区域26中使用较稠密的编织模式或更强壮的纤维,其选自例如KevlarTM材料或VectranTM材料或金属丝,它们单独被织造或者与典型聚酯纤维交织。还期望利用修复体材料14上的辅助的不透射线标记30和/或辅助的支架环32通过荧光指示出该区域26,以便于定位紧固器。
紧固器28可具有各种构造。它们例如可包括螺旋紧固器或紧固钉。
最好的,如同修复体10本身,利用血管内紧固器联接组件将紧固器28引入。各种紧固器联接组件的细节将在后面详细描述。
B.修复体的使用
用于置放如刚刚描述的组织增强修复体10的目标区域可以不同。在图3中,主干12的尺寸和结构适于例如在邻近肾动脉的主动脉中向远端延伸到接近髂总动脉自然分叉的位置。然而,该用于置放的目标部位被选择用于示意修复体10特征的目的而非用于进行限制。
如图3所示,紧固区域26位于靠近肾动脉的主动脉的颈部中。上述的紧固区域26的特征使得能够牢固地联接修复体10,使其不会错动。
在该布置(见图3)中,主干12可在其近端包括延伸超出修复体材料14的肾上支架44,当置放在主动脉中时,该支架44将延伸到肾动脉的上方,如图3所示。该肾上支架44将修复体10定位在内腔中并且有助于保持修复体10在主动脉中的位置,而不会阻碍流入肾动脉中的正常血流。
在使用(见图4和5)中,第一导管20在导线48上通过髂骨移动到主动脉内靠近肾动脉的理想位置处。导管20携带具有径向收缩构形的修复体10。在目标部位处,导管20将修复体10释放,修复体径向展开到图5所示的位置中。
然后置放紧固器组件34(大体示于图5中)以将紧固器28安置到主干12的紧固区域26中。修复体10由此被固定到位。
II.修复体联接系统和方法
紧固器组件34可具有各种结构和构形。
在所示意的布置(见图6)中,紧固器联接组件34包括紧固器引导器件36和紧固器施加器件38。引导器件36可包括例如导引鞘,其最好具有可控的或可偏转的远端。引导器件36最初可被置放于导线上,该导线被用于输送和定位修复体10。在引导器件36被置放和定位之后,该导线可退出,从而可将施加器件38引入。
在该布置中,最好通过引导器件36置放施加器件38。紧固器施加器件38上的紧固器驱动机构40带有至少一个紧固器28。该紧固器驱动机构40推进紧固器28,使其穿过修复体10及其下面的组织壁。这样,紧固器牢固地将修复体10固定到位。
在所示意的实施例(见图6)中,紧固器施加装置38包括导管42。导管42在其远端带有紧固器驱动机构40。
紧固器驱动机构40包括载体50。载体50尺寸和结构适于携带所选定的紧固器28。紧固器驱动机构40还包括驱动器52,其被联接用于向载体50传递运动。驱动器52和载体50可包括集成的单元,其中载体50形成于驱动器52的远端上,如图所示,或者它们可包括单独的器件,例如,其中驱动器包括用于载体50的夹紧装置等。从动运动将紧固器28安置。所传递的从动运动的类型依赖于所使用的紧固器28的类型。
在所示意的实施例(见图7)中,紧固器28包括开口螺旋线圈54,其具有锐利的前端56。通过旋转运动将这种类型的螺旋紧固器置放到组织中。因此,旋转运动由驱动器52传递到载体50,该载体的尺寸和结构适于携带示于图7的紧固器。
驱动器52的致动当然能够以各种方式完成,例如机械的(即人工的或手动的)、电动的、液压的或气动的方式。
在所示意的实施例(见图6)中,传动电机58通过传动索60将旋转传递给驱动器52。在所示意的实施例中(图6),传动电机58容纳于手柄62中,其位于导管42的近端。传动索60从手柄62延伸,通过导管42,并且联接到位于导管42远端的驱动器52。传动索60最好由能够弯曲和旋转的适当材料制成。
启动传动电机58(例如通过手柄62上的医生控制开关64)能够作为一个单元旋转传动轴60、驱动器52、载体50以及载体50中的紧固器28。旋转运动使得螺旋紧固器28进入修复体10和组织壁中。
紧固器驱动机构40的植入作用力最好能够以某种方式分解以提供位置稳定性并且防止载体50相对于植入部位发生非期望的运动。最好施加分解力以抵消和/或反抗紧固器驱动机构40的植入作用力。最好将一些或所有或者大部分的植入作用力在管腔(或其它中空身体器官)自身中分解,并且优选尽可能靠近植入部位。
引导器件36的管状本体和/或导管42的轴的尺寸和结构可被制成为具有足够的裂断强度以将一些或所有或至少一部分的植入作用力在管腔或中空身体器官中分解。图5示出引导器件36支靠着管壁以施加平衡分解力。此外,或者可替换的,引导器件36和/或紧固器施加器件38可包括某种形式的稳定装置以在载体50处或其附近施加平衡作用力。在于2003年9月24日提交的,名称为“Catheter-Based Fastener Implantation Apparatus and Methods with Implantation Force Resolution”的共同未决美国专利申请系列No.10/669,881中公开了各种类型的稳定装置。
载体50自身可具有各种构造,紧固器28也是如此以便其联接到载体50。现在将描述其代表性实施例。
A.具有独立紧固器释放机构的载体
1.具有带释放机构的紧固器支撑元件的载体
紧固器28的近端最好包括安装件66,其在使用时,将紧固器28联接到载体50。在一个示意的实施例(见图7)中,安装件66包括L形支柱或支腿66。L形支腿66最好将线圈54的整个内直径对截;即,L形支腿66延伸通过线圈54的整个内直径,如图7所示。
在该布置中,载体50的尺寸和结构适于接合安装件66,即L形支腿66,从而由此向螺旋紧固器28传递旋转以实现植入。L形支腿66还用作止挡件以防止螺旋紧固器28穿入组织中过深。
在一个示意的实施例中,载体50(见图8A(1)和8A(2))包括紧固器支撑元件68,该元件允许选择性地释放紧固器28。该支撑元件68具有至少两个操作状态。
在第一状态(见图8A(1))中,支撑元件68接合紧固器28的L形支腿66以将紧固器28保持在载体50上。在第一状态中,载体50的旋转向紧固器28传递旋转(如图8A(2)中的旋转箭头所示),从而允许将紧固器28植入修复体10/组织壁中而不释放紧固器28(即响应于一个方向中的旋转,如图8A(2)所示),以及允许从修复体10/组织壁退出紧固器28而不释放紧固器28(即响应于相反方向中的旋转,如图8C所示)。
在第二状态(见图8B(1)和8B(2))中,支撑元件68释放紧固器28。在第二状态中,紧固器28和载体50可被分离。从载体50释放紧固器28能够并且最好在不旋转载体50的情况下完成。最好支撑元件68能够实现紧固器28的分离同时载体50静止并且不旋转。
支撑元件68因此将操作载体50从而植入紧固器28(通过旋转载体59使得支撑元件68处于其第一状态中)的步骤与从载体50释放紧固器28(通过使支撑元件68处于其第二状态中,这最好独立于载体50的旋转实现)的步骤区别开来。支撑元件68因此还使得通过使用载体50以使紧固器28从组织退出并且如果需要取出或者重新定位紧固器28成为可能。支撑元件68的操作独立于载体50的操作,从而使得在单独的释放步骤中将紧固器28从载体50释放成为可能,该步骤可被延迟以保证紧固器28植入已经顺利完成。
上述支撑元件68的特征可通过使用各种结构实施例而实现。例如在示于图8A(1)和8B(1)的实施例中,支撑元件采用位于载体50远端的绞接夹爪70的形式。夹爪70可在相互关闭的状态(即第一状态,如图8A(1)所示)和相互打开的状态(即第二状态,如图8B(1)所示)之间移动。当夹爪70相互关闭时,紧固器28的L形支腿66通过紧配合夹在在夹爪70之间形成的接收器72中,如图8A(1)和8A(2)所示。当夹爪70相互打开时,接收器72打开并且释放L形支腿66,如图8B(1)和8B(2)所示。
在该实施例中,由医生操纵的致动器74选择性地使得绞接夹爪70从其相互关闭状态枢转到其相互打开状态。在所示意的实施例中(见图8A(1)和8B(1)),致动器74包括拉索(pull cable)76或探针,在其近端联接到手柄上的控制器78(见图8A(2)和8B(2))。拉索76延伸通过导管42并且在其远端处终止于成形的凸轮元件78。该凸轮元件78在所示意的实施例中是球形的。其占据在形成于夹爪70内部上的渐缩的、相对的凸轮表面80之间限定的区域。当夹爪70相互关闭时(图8A(1)),凸轮元件78停靠在在凸轮表面80之间的最远区域中,该区域靠近夹爪70的远端。在该布置中,当医生操纵控制器78以向后拉动拉索76时(即朝向手柄62)(图8B),凸轮元件78在渐缩凸轮表面80上朝向表面80之间的较近距离区域行进。当其移动时,凸轮元件78朝向凸轮表面80施加作用力使得夹爪70枢转并打开,即将其从相互关闭的状态移动到相互打开的状态,如图8B(1)所示。
在所示意的实施例中,绞接夹爪70最好偏压到相互关闭的状态。可使用弹簧实现该目的。最好,夹爪70通过利用弹性的、弹簧状的材料(金属或塑料)加工或模制而成。成形材料包括成一体的绞接件82,其通常将夹爪70偏压成关闭状态。绞接件82可屈服于凸轮元件78朝向凸轮表面80所施加的作用力,但是当作用力消失时则将夹爪70恢复到其相互关闭的状态。在该布置(见图8A(1))中,医生可在使用时将紧固器28的L形支腿66卡扣到夹爪70之间的接收器72中。这种卡扣方式可保证能够感知到紧固器28已经被正确地接合到夹爪70的接收器72中。
在可替换的实施例(见图9A(1)和9B(1))中,支撑元件68采用载体50上的弹簧偏压压杆84的形式。压杆84弹性地打开以提供L形支腿66进入压杆84之间的保持空间87中的卡扣通道,以允许紧固器28的线圈54抵靠在压杆84(如图9A(2)所示)上。压杆84的弹性的、通常关闭的状态包括第一操作状态,其将紧固器28保持在压杆84上,由此将紧固器28固定到载体50。在该状态中,载体50的旋转可以旋转紧固器28,以允许将紧固器28植入组织和/或使得紧固器28从组织退出。
在该布置中,由医生操纵的包括例如推索(push cable)或探针的致动器86,可利用手柄62上的控制器88的操作而通过导管向前推进。在该操作中载体50不需要并且最好不旋转。推索86,当推进时(见图8B(1)和8B(2)),接触L形支腿66并且抵抗弹性关闭的压杆84将支腿66从保持空间87推出。压杆84在L形支腿66的作用力下弹性偏移,该作用力使得压杆处于暂时的、相互打开的状态。由此可将紧固器28从载体50退出。
在可替换的布置(见图10A(1)和10B(2))中,支撑元件68可包括通常打开的压杆90,压杆形成接收器92并且包括锁销94,该锁销控制L形支腿66进出接收器92的通道。由医生操纵的包括例如推-拉索或探针的致动器96能够例如利用操作手柄62上的控制器98通过导管42前后推进以便与锁销94形成接触和脱离接触,(见图10A(2)和10B(2))。推-拉索96,当推进到与锁销94相接触时(见图10A(1))将锁销94锁定于突出到接收器92中的位置中。当锁销94被锁定时,可阻断进入或者离开接收器92的通道。推-拉索96,当脱离与锁销94的接触时,将锁销94解锁,并且允许锁销94运动离开将接收器92阻断的位置。
锁销94,当被解锁时(见图10A(1)和10A(2)),提供L形支腿66进入压杆90之间的接收器92的通道,而紧固器28的其余部分抵靠在压杆90上。紧固器28可以如此方式置于载体50上。随后被锁定的锁销94(见图10A(2))能够阻止释放L形支腿66,从而将紧固器28固定到载体50。这对应于上述的第一操作状态。在该状态,载体50的旋转能够旋转紧固器28(如图10A(2)中的旋转箭头所示),从而允许将紧固器28植入修复体10/组织壁和/或使得紧固器28从修复体10/组织壁退出。
推-拉索96,当被推进以与锁销94脱离接触时,将锁销94解锁(见图10B(1)和10B(2))。在该操作中载体50无需并且最好不旋转。如上所述的,这使得L形支腿66响应于导管42和联接载体50的向后运动而经过锁销94并且离开接收器92。
可替换的,如图11所示,锁销94可利用弹簧100偏压到通常突出的状态以用于相同的功能。
2.具有可释放紧固器端盖组件的载体
在另一个示意的实施例(见图12A和12B)中,紧固器28采用紧固器端盖组件102的形式,其在使用时以可释放方式安装到特别合适的载体104(见图14A和14B)上。在所示意的布置(见图12A和12B)中,紧固器端盖组件102包括螺旋紧固器106,在其上安装有近端端盖108。端盖108可包括塑料、金属或陶瓷生物适合材料。端盖108可例如通过粘结、机加工、模制或焊接而固定到紧固器106的近端。端盖108包括预成形的侧安装件110。在该布置中,端盖108与示于图7中的L形支腿66所起的主要功能相同,即,它是固定到紧固器的安装件,用于使得紧固器28能够联接到载体。
在该布置(见图14A和14B)中,载体104包括联接机构112,在后面将对其更加详细描述。联接机构112的尺寸和结构适于接合安装件110,由此在使用时将紧固器组件102联接到载体104。当载体104旋转时联接机构112向紧固器组件102传递旋转(见图15A)从而将紧固器组件102植入修复体10/组织壁中而不释放紧固器组件102(即响应于载体104沿着一个方向的旋转,如图15A所示)。该联接机构112还可使得紧固器组件102从修复体10/组织壁退出(见图15C)而不释放紧固器组件102(即响应于载体104沿着相反方向的旋转,如图15C所示)。
载体104还包括释放机构114,在后面将对其更加详细描述。释放机构114选择性地从联接机构112释放紧固器组件102(见图15B)。从联接机构112释放紧固器组件102能够并且最好在不旋转载体104的情况下完成。
具有联接机构112的载体104,其中在使用时紧固器组件102可被安装到联接机构112上,以及独立的、可选择性地操作的释放机构114允许医生独立于在完成植入之后释放紧固器组件102的步骤操作载体104以植入紧固器组件102。能够选择性地释放紧固器组件102的载体104还使得紧固器组件102从组织退出并且如果需要取出和/或重新定位紧固器组件104,同时载体104保持固定于紧固器组件102成为可能,在该布置中,一旦紧固器组件102被顺利植入,或者在由手术员所控制的时刻,便可将紧固器组件102从载体104释放。
上述载体104的特征可利用各种结构实施例实现。在示于图13A和13B的实施例中,联接机构112包括联接到驱动器52的一对夹臂116。夹臂116可利用金属或塑料材料加工或模制而成。夹臂116可被通常偏压到向内偏转的状态。可例如通过向夹臂116传递弹簧记忆(spring memory)而实现这种偏压。可替换的,夹臂116无需被向内偏压,而是包括倾斜的外部边缘,如图13B所示。夹臂包括向外突出的小凸起126,其尺寸适于卡扣到端盖108上的安装件110中(如图14B所示)。
在该布置中,释放机构114包括在夹臂116之间延伸的隔离棒118。隔离棒118在其远端带有凸轮元件120。当脱离与夹臂116的接触时(如图13B所示),夹臂116被定位成小凸起126能够卡扣到端盖108上的安装件110中,如图14A所示。凸轮元件120,当与夹臂116接触时(如图13A所示),将夹臂116分开成向外偏转的状态,从而将小凸起116锁定到安装件110中,如图14B所示。
弹簧122通常迫使凸轮元件120与夹臂116相接触(如图13A和14B所示)。当棒118被向后拉动(如图13B和14A所示)时,使得凸轮元件120后退,并且夹臂116被定位成接收端盖108。棒118延伸通过导管42并且被联接到手柄62上的控制器124(见图15A和15B)。
当夹臂116由凸轮元件120保持在其向外偏转的状态(见图14B)中时,小凸起126锁定于紧固器端盖108上的安装件110中,从而将紧固器组件102固定到载体104。相反,当凸轮元件120后退时,小凸起126允许紧固器组件102插入到载体104上或者与其分离。
在使用时,医生向后拉控制器124以使得凸轮元件120抵抗弹簧122的偏压后退并且将紧固器组件102卡扣到载体104上。然后医生释放控制器124以允许弹簧122向前恢复并且将紧固器组件102锁定到载体104上。然后医生安置导管42并将紧固器组件102保持于目标部位(见图15A)。通过旋转载体104,医生将紧固器组件102植入修复体10/组织壁中。
当紧固器组件102已被顺利植入时,医生向后拉控制器124和导管42(见图15B)以将紧固器组件102从载体104分离。医生使得导管42退回并且重复上述步骤直至已经植入理想数目的紧固器组件102。
B.通过两个阶段推出紧固器的载体
上述实施例提供了在完成植入步骤之前使得给定的紧固器从修复体/组织壁退出的能力。上述实施例通过如下方式而使该特征成为可能,即提供一种紧固器施加装置38,其包括独立于紧固器植入机构进行工作的紧固器释放机构。
在图16A(1)/A(2)、16B和16C中,紧固器施加装置38包括紧固器载体128,其在不具有独立释放机构的情形下实现该特征。在图16A(1)/A(2)、16B和16C中,紧固器载体128在两个阶段中操作。第一或初始阶段将紧固器28推进到修复体10/组织壁(图16B)中的不完全的植入位置内,该位置代表获得支点的充分距离,但还不足以达到完全植入的状态。即,假设紧固器28完全植入需要在预定状态下施加植入作用力,即施加预定时间或者预定的紧固器旋转数,在第一阶段中,在没有实现预定状态的状态下向紧固器28施加植入作用力。因此,没有实现完全植入。在第一阶段中,紧固器28保持联接到紧固器载体128,以允许医生操作紧固器载体128从而退出/取出紧固器28,如果需要的话(见图16D)。
第一阶段为医生提供一个决策点。在第一阶段的终点,存在一个暂停阶段,在该阶段中中断紧固器载体128的操作。需要一个预定的输入指令以离开暂停阶段。在暂停阶段中,医生可以选择退出或取出紧固器28(图16D)。可替换的,医生可选择继续进行植入并且过渡到第二阶段。在第二或最终阶段中,紧固器载体128将紧固器28从不完全的植入位置(图16B)推进到完全植入位置(图16C),在该阶段终点,紧固器28自身自动从紧固器载体128分离。即,在第二阶段中,在补充完成第一阶段状态的状态下向紧固器28施加植入作用力从而满足预定用于完全植入的状态。
紧固器施加装置38能够以各种结构实施例实现该特征。在示于图16A(1)的示意性实施例中,联接到驱动器52的载体128包括狭槽130,其接收L形支腿66以联接紧固器28使其与载体128一起旋转。在该实施例中,线圈54的绕圈容纳在围绕载体128的互补的内部凹槽132中。凹槽132可以设置于紧固器28的整个长度上或者位于其长度的一部分中。致动该驱动机构可以作为一个单元旋转驱动器52、载体128和螺旋紧固器28(如图16A(2)所示)。这种旋转使得螺旋紧固器28在紧固器施加装置的内部凹槽132中行进并且进入修复体10和组织壁。连续旋转载体128将使得螺旋紧固器28旋转以完全离开载体并且通过修复体10进入组织壁(如图16C所示)。
在所示意的实施例中,驱动机构包括电机控制单元134(见图16A(2)、16B和16D)。该电机控制单元134被设置成在如上所述的两个不同的阶段中操作载体128,紧固器植入的第一阶段通过医生启动旋转指令,例如通过操纵手柄62上的第一开关136开始。在进行置放(图16B)的第一阶段中,载体128被充分驱动以将螺旋紧固器28旋转到这样一个位置,其中紧固器28的远端部分已经将其自身植入目标组织,但是其中紧固器28的近端部分仍然保持在载体128的内螺纹132中。此时,第一阶段结束,并且电机控制单元134进入暂停阶段,自动中断载体128的旋转。电机控制单元134能够以如此方式实现电机控制,即或者通过传统的机械的或者电子装置,例如通过可编程的微处理器。
此刻,医生可以选择逆转插入过程并且移除紧固器28,如果需要的话(见图16D),例如通过反转开关136或者启动手柄62上的另一个开关138。此刻,医生也可选择完成植入过程,例如,通过以预编程的方式操纵开关136(例如,通过两路开关)。
在一种变形中,电机控制单元136能够接收反映在置放第一阶段中所检测到的性能标准的输入。电机控制单元136评估该性能标准值以确定是否其在预定的可接受范围内。如果是的话,则置放的第二阶段能够在没有停顿并且无需使用者的第二输入的情形下自动开始。例如,在紧固器置放第一阶段中可以测量电机电流,并且由此可计算出紧固器驱动扭矩。位于可接受值范围内的扭矩将意味着紧固器28已经顺利进入目标组织中并且紧固器植入能够自动完成。位于可接受值范围外的扭矩将导致或者在第一阶段终点存在一个停顿,此时使用者可以对继续或逆转紧固器置放过程作出决策,或者自动逆转紧固器置放过程。
在可替换的实施例中,例如在图13A/B和14A/B中所示类型的紧固器释放机构114可以与电机控制单元134一起使用。在该布置中,电机控制单元134被设置成操作载体104以在单独的置放阶段驱动紧固器组件102进入组织中。此时,能够以前述的方式操作释放机构114,以将紧固器组件102从载体104分离。电机控制单元134能够用机械和/或电子装置设置以指示和/或控制用于完成在组织中安置紧固器组件102所施加的旋转数和/或扭拒。在该实施例中,无需存在多个阶段,因为医生通过操纵释放机构114而最终控制紧固器组件102的释放。
C.具有拴系的紧固器的载体
在所有上述实施例中,或者其自身作为可替换的实施例,紧固器施加装置38可包括元件140从而可释放的将紧固器28拴系到施加装置38,即便在紧固器28已经从施加装置38分离之后(见图17A)。该拴系元件140用作“安全带”,以保持施加装置38和紧固器28之间最后手段的连接。拴系元件28允许紧固器28被取出,如果由于任何原因在植入中或者之后紧固器28不慎从组织和/或施加装置38松脱。拴系元件140和施加装置38之间的连接需要医生特意予以断开,从而为植入过程添加一个确认的、最终的步骤(见图17B)。
拴系元件140可以具有各种构造。在图17A中,拴系元件140包括线、带、丝或管道结构142。拴系元件结构142的近端如此联接到紧固器施加装置38,从而可以通过施加特定拉力而分离。拴系元件结构142的远端是脆弱的并且一旦确认紧固器28被顺利置放便可通过小于所述特定拉力的作用力而被断开,如图17B所示。拴系元件结构142具有足够的长度以能够充分使得紧固器施加装置38后退从而观测紧固器是否固定到位(如图17A所示)。用于拉断拴系元件结构142脆弱远端的作用力小于用于将紧固器28从组织分离所需的作用力。理想的是,拴系元件结构142的脆弱远端从紧固器28分离时不会在紧固器28上留有残余物(如图17B所示)。
能够以其它不同的方式确定拴系元件结构142的尺寸和结构以与紧固器28形成脆弱连接。例如(见图18A和18B),L形支腿66可以具有褶以形成柔弱区域144(图18A),拴系元件结构142向该区域施加作用力以使拴系元件结构142从紧固器28脱离(图18B)。
可替换的,拴系元件结构142和紧固器28之间的连接部可包括通过以预定方式例如通过旋转(图19A)或牵拉(图19B)施加预定作用力而断裂的柔弱区域146(例如通过焊接、软焊、胶合、加热或剪切)。可替换的,拴系元件结构142和紧固器28之间的连接部可包括螺纹接头146(见图20A和20B);或卡扣球窝接头148(见图21A和21B);或滑配接头150(见图22A和22B);或打结接头152(图23A和23B);或者摩擦接头154,通过使用剥离绳158裂开软管156而释放(图24A和24B)。而且,可替换的,拴系元件140和紧固器28之间的连接部可包括互锁机构160,例如,可滑动的外部套筒162,当其推进时(图25A),抓住紧固器28上的附件164,并且当后退时(图25B),释放该附件164。
为进行充分公开和阐述以及解释的目的,在上面详细描述了本发明的优选实施例。本领域普通技术人员可以理解,可在本公开的范围和精神内作出其它改进。
上述本发明的实施例仅为描述其原理并且并非用于限制。本发明的范围由所附权利要求,包括其等价形式,的范围所确定。

Claims (47)

1.一种用于向紧固器施加植入作用力的工具,该紧固器的尺寸和结构适于响应于植入作用力而被植入组织中,该工具包括:
工具本体,
从动部件,由工具本体携带并且可被操作用于施加植入作用力,该从动部件包括用于操作从动部件的驱动致动器,以及
从动部件上的机构,可在第一状态中被操作用于将紧固器联接到从动部件以将植入作用力从该从动部件传递到紧固器,该机构可在第二状态中被操作用于从该从动部件释放紧固器,该机构包括可独立于该驱动致动器操作用于将该机构置于第二状态中的第二致动器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,第二致动器也将该机构置于第一状态中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,该机构包括当第二致动器的操作不存在时用于将该机构置于第一状态中的装置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,该机构包括从动部件上的支撑元件,其尺寸和结构适于当第二致动器的操作不存在时采取第一状态。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,该从动部件还可被操作用于施加移除作用力以使得紧固器从组织退出,并且该机构还可在第一状态中被操作用于将紧固器联接到从动部件以将移除作用力从该从动部件传递到紧固器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的组件,其中,从动部件在一个方向中旋转以施加植入作用力并且在相反方向中旋转以施加移除作用力。
7.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,工具本体包括管道部件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,该机构包括从动部件上的支撑元件,该元件形成接收器,该接收器在第一状态中被关闭以保持紧固器的至少一部分并且,在第二状态中被打开以释放紧固器,并且该第二致动器将接收器打开。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组件,其中,第二致动器还将接收器关闭。
10.根据权利要求8所述的组件,其中,支撑元件包括通常将接收器关闭的偏压装置,并且第二致动器克服该偏压装置以打开接收器。
11.根据权利要求8所述的组件,其中,支撑元件包括通常将接收器关闭的偏压装置,并且第二致动器克服该偏压装置以将紧固器从接收器推出。
12.根据权利要求8所述的组件,其中,支撑元件包括与接收器相关联的锁销,该锁销在第一状态中,被推进以突出到接收器中以关闭接收器并且在第二状态中从接收器退出以打开接收器,并且第二致动器使锁销退出以打开接收器。
13.根据权利要求12所述的组件,其中,第二致动器还推进该锁销以关闭接收器。
14.根据权利要求8所述的组件,其中,支撑元件包括与接收器相关联的锁销,该锁销在第一状态中,被推进以突出到接收器中以关闭接收器并且在第二状态中从接收器退出以打开接收器,支撑元件包括通常将锁销推进的偏压装置,并且第二致动器通过将紧固器经过锁销推出而克服该偏压装置。
15.根据权利要求8所述的组件,其中,支撑元件包括形成接收器的夹爪组件。
16.根据权利要求8所述的组件,其中,支撑元件包括形成接收器的压杆组件。
17.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,该机构包括从动部件上的支撑元件,该元件形成夹紧组件,该夹紧组件在第一状态中被推进以接合紧固器的至少一个部分并且在第二状态中后退以脱离紧固器,并且第二致动器使得该夹紧组件后退以脱离紧固器。
18.根据权利要求17所述的组件,其中,支撑元件包括通常将夹紧组件推进的偏压装置,并且第二致动器克服该偏压装置以使得该夹紧组件后退。
19.根据权利要求1所述的组件,还包括尺寸和结构适于附带到紧固器上的安装件,并且其中该机构的尺寸和结构适于在第一状态时接合该安装件并且在第二状态时脱离该安装件。
20.根据权利要求19所述的组件,其中,该安装件包括尺寸和结构适于在紧固器近端上附带的支柱。
21.根据权利要求19所述的组件,其中,该安装件包括尺寸和结构适于在紧固器近端上附带的端盖。
22.根据权利要求1所述的组件,还包括将紧固器拴系到工具本体的元件,该元件包括脆弱部分。
23.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,从动部件旋转以施加植入作用力。
24.根据权利要求1所述的组件,还包括联接到从动部件以操作从动部件从而施加预定植入作用力的控制器。
25.一种用于将紧固器植入组织中的系统,包括:
紧固器,其尺寸和结构适于响应于植入作用力而植入组织中,包括由紧固器携带的成形安装件,以及
紧固工具,包括可被操作用于施加植入作用力的从动部件,该从动部件包括用于操作从动部件的驱动致动器,以及从动部件上的机构,该机构可在第一状态中被操作用于接合成形安装件并且将紧固器联接到从动部件以将植入作用力从该从动部件传递到紧固器,该机构可在第二状态中被操作用于脱离成形安装件并且从该从动部件释放紧固器,该机构包括可独立于该驱动致动器操作用于将该机构置于第二状态中的第二致动器。
26.根据权利要求25所述的系统,其中,该从动部件还可被操作用于施加移除作用力以使得紧固器从组织退出,并且该机构还可在第一状态中被操作用于接合成形安装件并且将紧固器联接到从动部件以将移除作用力从该从动部件传递到紧固器。
27.根据权利要求26所述的系统,其中,从动部件在一个方向中旋转以施加植入作用力并且在相反方向中旋转以施加移除作用力。
28.根据权利要求25所述的系统,还包括将紧固器拴系到紧固工具的元件,该元件包括脆弱部分。
29.根据权利要求25所述的系统,其中,该紧固工具包括用于携带从动部件的管道部件。
30.根据权利要求25所述的系统,其中,从动部件旋转以施加植入作用力。
31.根据权利要求25所述的组件,还包括联接到从动部件以操作从动部件从而施加预定植入作用力的控制器。
32.一种用于向紧固器施加植入作用力的工具,该紧固器的尺寸和结构适于响应于根据预定状态施加的植入作用力而被植入组织中,该工具包括:
工具本体,
从动部件,由工具本体携带并且可被操作用于施加植入作用力,
从动部件上的机构,用于将紧固器联接到从动部件以将植入作用力从该从动部件传递到紧固器,
联接到从动部件的控制器,该控制器包括初始阶段,在该阶段中操作从动部件以在没有达到预定状态的状态下施加植入作用力;在初始阶段终点开始的暂停阶段,在该阶段中中断从动部件的操作;最终阶段,在该阶段中在补足初始阶段的状态以实现预定状态的状态下操作该从动部件,控制器在初始阶段之后需要获得预定指令以从暂停阶段过渡到最终阶段。
33.根据权利要求32所述的组件,其中,该预定指令至少部分基于来自手术员的输入。
34.根据权利要求32所述的组件,其中,该预定指令至少部分基于反应所感测到的操作状态的输入。
35.根据权利要求32所述的组件,其中,该从动部件也可被操作用于施加移除作用力以使紧固器从组织退出,并且控制器包括移除阶段,在该阶段中操作从动部件以施加移除作用力,该控制器在初始阶段之后需要获得不同的预定指令以从暂停阶段过渡到移除阶段。
36.根据权利要求35所述的组件,其中,从动部件沿着一个方向旋转以施加植入作用力并且沿着相反方向旋转以施加移除作用力。
37.根据权利要求32所述的组件,还包括将紧固器拴系到工具本体的元件,该元件包括脆弱部分。
38.根据权利要求32所述的组件,其中,该工具本体包括携带从动部件的管道部件。
39.根据权利要求32所述的组件,其中,该从动部件旋转以施加植入作用力。
40.一种用于向紧固器施加植入作用力的工具,该紧固器的尺寸和结构适于响应于植入作用力而被植入组织中,该工具包括:
工具本体,
从动部件,由工具本体携带并且可被操作用于施加植入作用力,以及
将紧固器拴系到工具本体的元件,该元件包括脆弱部分。
41.根据权利要求40所述的组件,其中,工具本体包括携带从动部件的管道部件。
42.根据权利要求40所述的组件,还包括联接到从动部件以操作从动部件从而施加预定植入作用力的控制器。
43.一种用于将紧固器植入组织中的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供如权利要求1所限定的工具,
当所述机构处于第一状态时将紧固器联接到从动部件,
到达组织区域,
操作驱动致动器以将紧固器植入组织区域,并且
操作第二致动器以将紧固器从所述从动部件释放。
44.一种用于将紧固器植入组织中的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供如权利要求32所限定的工具,
将紧固器联接到从动部件,
到达组织区域,
在初始阶段中操作从动部件以部分地将紧固器植入组织区域中,
在暂停阶段中确定进入最终阶段,
输入预定指令以从暂停阶段过渡到最终阶段,由此完成紧固器在组织区域中的植入过程。
45.一种用于将紧固器植入组织中的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供如权利要求32所限定的工具,
将紧固器联接到从动部件,
到达组织区域,
在初始阶段中操作从动部件以部分地将紧固器植入组织区域中,
在暂停阶段中确定不进入最终阶段,
在暂停阶段中确定移除紧固器并且由此没有输入预定指令从而不从暂停阶段过渡到最终阶段。
46.一种用于将紧固器植入组织中的方法,包括使用如权利要求40所限定的工具。
47.一种用于将紧固器植入组织中的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供如权利要求40所限定的工具,
将紧固器联接到从动部件,
到达组织区域,
在初始阶段中操作从动部件以将紧固器植入组织区域中,并且
使得拴系元件的脆弱部分断裂从而使紧固器从工具分离。
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US20060020326A9 (en) 2006-01-26
CA2554022C (en) 2012-11-13
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US20120316578A1 (en) 2012-12-13
EP1725172B1 (en) 2019-07-03
CN101460104B (zh) 2010-12-29
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US9808250B2 (en) 2017-11-07
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US20170303922A1 (en) 2017-10-26
US8685044B2 (en) 2014-04-01
US8231639B2 (en) 2012-07-31
US20140194902A1 (en) 2014-07-10
WO2005081936A2 (en) 2005-09-09
US20050187613A1 (en) 2005-08-25
US10595867B2 (en) 2020-03-24

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