CN102090298A - Cultivation method of mandarin nucellus seedling nascent system - Google Patents
Cultivation method of mandarin nucellus seedling nascent system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of a mandarin nucellus seedling nascent system. The method comprises the following steps of: screening varieties, namely selecting a mandarin nucellus seedling; performing top grafting; biologically preventing and controlling disease and insect damages in combination with matched cultivation, and the like. By the cultivation method, a tangerine nucellus seedling nascent system can be selected and cultivated, the conventional varieties with local characteristics are improved, mandarin quality is improved, competitive power is enhanced and a better economic benefit is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of good fortune tangerine megarchidium seedling nascent line.
Background technology
Foochow is the original producton location of good fortune tangerine, and the fruit look red is bright-coloured, and meat is tender, succulence slag, sour and sweet palatability.And the good fortune tangerine is led a happy family life and recruits Ji, the implied meaning of lucky emerging meaning of good fortune longevity.The good fortune tangerine once was popular in two sides, the Min River in history, for city's development of rural economy is made contribution energetically.The good fortune tangerine was cited as national fancy fruit in 1985.
Since last century the seventies, along with developing by leaps and bounds that the good fortune tangerine produces to the wilderness demand of nursery stock, the main vegetative grafting nursery stock of employing productions in.Because asexual grafting propagations long-term, many generations make the aging of scion tip sprout cell, vitality goes down, and adaptability, resistance weaken.Cause good fortune tangerine kind serious degradation, fruit occurs and diminish, the flavor souring, it is many that seed becomes, and it is difficult to sell, and price is low.Bring serious loss to production.
Utilize the metabolic vigorous of megarchidium tissue both at home and abroad, robust growth, the resistance characteristics select numerous citrus nascent line and new varieties.Cultivated Washington navel as the U.S., Citrus sinensis Osbeck, lemon and grapefruit nascent line all show than old kind high-quality.Early give birth in emerging Tianjin that Japan promotes in recent years, and three protect morning gives birth to new varieties, all selects from the megarchidium seedling of river, palace, and it is dense to show as good flavor, best in quality, and tree vigo(u)r is all strong than river, general palace, also about 7 days ahead of time maturing stage.But domesticly utilize rejuvenation effect on the megarchidium seedling physiology, very few to the purification and rejuvenation research of citrus variety, it is investigated that new data Yongchun carried out the ponkan purification and rejuvenation in 2002; Purificate and rejuvenate to the good fortune tangerine and obtain megarchidium seedling plant in Foochow in 1996, and utilize the high-grafting technology to observe, its Fruit Economic Traits is better than maternal plant, and some useful differences occurred, phasic results have been obtained, acquisition city scientific and technological achievement second prize in 2006.Research as for seed selection citrus megarchidium seedling nascent line from the megarchidium seedling does not relate to so far as yet.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of cultivation method of good fortune tangerine megarchidium seedling nascent line, therefrom seed selection citrus megarchidium seedling nascent line has improved existing traditional category with local characteristic, improves good fortune tangerine quality, improves competitiveness, and obtains favorable economic benefit.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is as follows:
The cultivation method of good fortune tangerine megarchidium seedling nascent line of the present invention, step comprises:
(1) screening of kind: the megarchidium seedling that adopts the good fortune tangerine;
(2) high-grafting;
(3) carry out the biological control damage by disease and insect: adopt to discharge predation mite control mite class;
(4) corresponding cultivation.
Described corresponding cultivation comprises following cultivation management method:
A. soil management
(1) ploughs deeply and improve the soil, applying organic manure: after the treelet field planting, in conjunction with basal dressing, annual or next year outside planting pit, expand year by year according to tree crown growth size, the degree of depth 50-60cm, fertilizer, farmyard manure or phosphorus potash fertilizer are inserted in each layering, last earthing, carry out in 9-October, but autumn arid or the freeze injury area is arranged winter, should not plough deeply and improve the soil or expand the cave;
(2) sward covers: the sward covering is carried out in the orchard; The sward cultivation is noted fostering the optimum weeds that annual shallow grass is, comprises tropic ageratum, knotweed grass, sandwort; People's work post grass selects to have the leatherleaf Cassia tora of nitrogen fixation, the leatherleaf Cassia tora carries out in spring sowing time, adopt drilling or bunch planting, intertillage in good time 1-2 times, the overlay tree of mowing for 7-August dish is only reserved small part and is allowed its self-sow, autumn and winter beanpod mature seed lands, next year is landed seed germination regeneration, and year annual proper motion is propagated and enlarged, and forms orchard advantage grass seeds gradually;
B. fertilizing management
(1) earsh fertilising: 1-3 years bearing-age trees not after the treelet field planting, fertilising cooperates phosphorus potash fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer; After field planting survives, for short its year is taken out the tip 4 times, adopt thin fertile duty to execute, April to October is based on ripe farmyard manure; Chemical fertilizer gradation is in right amount executed, and purity nitrogen 0.1kg is executed in strain, and spring, autumn two seasons ditch spread phosphorus potash fertilizer are executed the back blinding and watered;
(2) firstfruits treelet fertilising: fertilising cooperates an amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer with diazonium fertilizer, combines with fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; Fertilizer type is with treelet as a result not, and 0.2-0.3 kilogram of pure nitrogen level is executed in strain, and spring, two seasons of autumn cooperate phosphorus, potash fertilizer to use 0.3-0.5 kilogram of every strain; Use N, P the whole year, the K ratio is 1:0.3-0.4:0.5-0.6;
(3) bearing tree fertilising: cultivate late summer shoot or autumn growth early, 0.3-0.5 kilogram of pure nitrogen level is used in every strain, and bearing fruit suitably increases amount of nitrogen at most, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium cooperate ratio 1:0.5-0.6:0.7-0.8; Before spring February, the tip was sprouted and florescence in April fertilizing amount account for annual 25-30%, 7-August fruit expanding period and autumn growth take out in a large number send out before a fertilizing amount account for the whole year 45-50%, fruit picking in November fertilizer accounts for annual fertilizing amount 20-30%;
(4) top dressing
Florescence sprays 0.1% boric acid or borax+0.3-0.4% urea mixed solution; Young fruit period, fruit expanding period spray 0.3-0.5% urea, potash fertilizer or 1% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.3-0.5% urea+0.2-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Sprout or young fruit period sprays 1-2 times 0.05-0.1% boric acid or 0.2% borax at the spring tip during boron deficiency, lack zinc and take out to send out or spray 0.2% zinc sulphate+0.3% urea 5-July at the spring tip and spray 2-3 times, magnesium deficiency is taken out at young sprout and is sent out a phase 1.0-1.5% and spray magnesium sulfate solution;
C. pruning: trimming method was cut heavily with the winter, and the autumn in summer is light, stung the method that next year cuts then, taked brachycephalic layer-stepping method to prune;
D. ring is pricked or girdling moderately and at the right moment, ploughs deeply and hinders root
In the mid or late December of planting the 3rd year, enclose around pricking major branch 2 at liftoff 30cm place with No. 16 iron wires, make iron wire be absorbed in 2/3 of epidermis, or, do not hinder xylem with grafting knife girdling cortex 1-2 circles, it is green that tree crown is moved back; Damage phloem artificially, cooperate ploughing deeply of orchard in winter to hinder root again, promote the flower bud differentiation of fruit tree.
Biological potassium bacterium fertilizer is used in the wherein described bearing tree of step (3) fertilising in the fertilizing management, and effectively several 0.2 hundred million of bacterium/more than the g, 3-5kg is executed in every strain.
Nascent line good fortune tangerine is meant the elite plant strain that utilizes the nucellar embryo raising technology to obtain after screening, have that fruit is big, look gorgeous, grain less, the soluble solid height, the improved seeds of local flavor delicacyization slag.Nascent line good fortune tangerine has the growth potential stalwartness, and branch sends to take out and has an effect by force, and apical dominance is obvious, and plant has virgin phase feature.Therefore there is certain particularity in culture technique and common good fortune tangerine.Mainly will note pruning, duty is cut long system in good time, alleviates leaf fruit mechanical injury; Treelet primiparity takes the appropriateness ring to prick in good time or row cuts, and promotes precocity fruiting; High inoculation should be noted the compatibility of interstock; Can not be interstock with osmanthus mandarin orange in evening; According to the strong characteristics of megarchidium seedling nascent line good fortune tangerine growth potential, strengthen rich water quality management, fertilizing amount Duos about 20% than common good fortune tangerine.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention:
1, the vitality of megarchidium seedling, growth potential and adaptive capacity are all strong, and variability and plasticity are bigger than parent again, and therefore, it is an important channel that the selection by nucellar embryo obtains good nascent line.
2, by excellent strain seedling breeding, cultivate the megarchidium seedling and carry out the research of the good fortune tangerine renovation of variety, and use the method for high-grafting that the megarchidium seedling was yielded positive results ahead of time in 2～3 years, kept good fortune tangerine merit shortening the juvenile phase, and improved quality.
3, nucellar embryo good fortune tangerine tree vigo(u)r is prosperous, apical dominance is obvious, and is solid slow.Take girdling or ring to prick moderately and at the right moment, cooperate to plough deeply winter again and hinder root, nourishing and growing of controlling plant reaches the flower bud differentiation that promotes fruit tree.
Embodiment
The cultivation method of good fortune tangerine megarchidium seedling nascent line is as follows:
One, the field is selected and is set up
The good fortune tangerine is with the coastal counties and districts in middle reaches, the Min River to the city, and height above sea level should be the optimum district below 350m.
1, the field, mountain region is selected: select to have a good transport service, the following gentle slope of height above sea level 450m, the southeast, slope to, sunshine long hill-side Jian Yuan, require 10 ℃ of year-round average temperatures year accumulated temperature more than 5000-6000 ℃, year illumination 〉=1400 hour, annual relative moisture about 70-80%.The soil is porous, draining is good in the soil requirement, and the content of organic matter is higher, and suitable preserve moisture and fertility ability is arranged, the subacidity soil that soil layer is deep.
Hillside orchard is built the garden and builds the wide level band of 2-3m according to physical features, and the furrow face is slightly lean-in, helps water and soil conservation, and the field planting point is selected in the furrow center line outside 20-30cm, and level band inboard is stayed in the farming road, is convenient to field management in the future.Mountain region, mound, south mostly is red soil, and soil property is sticking heavy, and gas permeability is poor, and the content of organic matter is low.Planting pit digs wide 1m, dark 0.8m.With soil and farmyard manure (the every 667m that digs out
25000kg) mix backfill thoroughly, every cave layering landfill 20kg left and right sides weeds branch.Every cave evenly is sprinkled into lime and each 1kg of calcium Mg, K fertilizer when backfill, with the decomposition of promotion landfill material, and regulates soil acidity or alkalinity, replenishes mountain soil calcium, magnesium, potassium element fertilizer.Top, cave is mixed the back backfill the superiors thoroughly with high-quality fertilizer and fine earth.The soil that attention will be dug out is wanted whole backfills, avoids in the future because of the heavy real depression phenomenon that produces of soil.
2, paddy rice field Jian Yuan: because paddy field is subjected to the influence of tillage pan, the following soil layer of tillage pan is sticking hard, and the subterranean water level height, and the growth of restriction citrus root makes Root Distribution in 30-40cm soil layer.So paddy field must suitably improve the plantation position according to the height of soil property and subterranean water level.Advocate the plough winter and shine in vain, press seeding row spacing fixed point steamed bun shape knoll in halcyon days, knoll diameter 120-130cm adheres to annual suitably soil moved in to improve the original.Simultaneously will the row's of digging ditch, form the plantation of the high furrow of zanjon.
Two, plant period and density
1, plant period: hillside orchard carries out before the tip rudiment of spring in next year based on spring planting.Hang down height above sea level hilly ground and the paddy field plantation spring, all suit in two seasons of autumn, but fall planting should be enriched the back transplanting at autumn growth, plant storage this moment nutrient becomes more, transplants the back root system and recovers life easily, and nursery stock survives easily.And the drought resisting of noting watering.
2, nursery stock classification field planting: before the field planting nursery stock is selected classification.Other Nursery stock transplanting of same level is in a sub-district, so that manage by different level targetedly, ropy nursery stock is rejected or concentrates and heels in 1 year and transplant.
3, rational close planting: rational close planting has improved the leaf area and the land utilization rate of unit are, can increase the yield per unit area significantly.General planting density seeding row spacing is 4 * 3m, and mu is planted 55 strains.The seeding row spacing that planting type is dredged in the earlier close back of plan is 2 * 4m, and mu is planted about 83 strains, and nucellar embryo good fortune tangerine envelope one is cut arm → dredge strain to progressively interim strain being taked to bounce back again behind the row, keeps mu 40-45 permanent strains at last, forms the lone tree Computer Associates International Inc. body of stalwartness.
Three, clay fertilizer water management
(1) soil management:
1, ploughs deeply and improve the soil applying organic manure.After the treelet field planting, can be in conjunction with basal dressing, outside planting pit, expand year by year every year or next year big or small according to the tree crown growth, the degree of depth 50-60cm, fertilizer, farmyard manure, phosphorus potash fertilizer etc. are inserted in each layering, last earthing.Carry out better general 9-October.But there are the freeze injury area in autumn arid or winter, should not plough deeply to improve the soil or expand the cave.Paddy field is owing to influenced by subterranean water level and tillage pan, root system mainly is distributed in 30-35cm soil layer, because root growth is shallow, and the overground part grow prolifically, formed the contradiction of root mass and overground part, so paddy planting will prolong the high yield time limit, do a good job of it outside the rational application of fertilizer, still need and carry out on the annual visitor.
2, sward covers: the sward covering is carried out in the orchard can prevent that showing soil washes away, and the conservation of soil and water helps building the procreation environment of beneficial organism population.The sward cultivation is noted fostering the optimum weeds that annual shallow grass is, as tropic ageratum, knotweed grass, sandwort etc.The optional leatherleaf Cassia tora with nitrogen fixation of people's work post grass etc. carry out in spring sowing time, adopt drilling or bunch planting, intertill 1-2 times in good time.Because leatherleaf Cassia tora seedling growth is slower, broadcast sowing then management inconvenience, easily constrained by weeds.Leatherleaf Cassia tora seed skin is hard, can rub with ash or fine sand, helps improving seed germination rate.The overlay tree of mowing for 7-August dish is only reserved the fragmentary shape of small part by its self-sow, and autumn and winter beanpod mature seed lands, and next year is landed seed germination regeneration, and year annual proper motion is propagated and enlarged, and forms orchard advantage grass seeds gradually.Compare through perennial grass covering and clear tsaoko garden, the soil organic matter improves 74%, nitrogen content raising 79%, and can reduce by 3-5 ℃ of surface temperatures summer, improves orchard relative moisture 10%.
(2) fertilizing method
1, earsh fertilising: 1-3 years bearing-age trees not after the field planting, fertilising cooperates phosphorus potash fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and purpose is to promote to nourish and grow, and enlarges tree crown.After field planting survives, for short its year is taken out the tip 4 times, adopt thin fertile duty to execute, April to October is based on ripe farmyard manures such as pig cow dung, night soil, soya-bean cakes.Chemical fertilizer gradation is in right amount executed, and purity nitrogen 0.1kg is executed in strain, spring, a little phosphorus potash fertilizer of autumn two seasons ditch spread.Executing the back blinding waters.
2, firstfruits treelet fertilising: fertilising cooperates an amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer with diazonium fertilizer, is integrated as principle with fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.Should satisfy the demand of few results, not influence tree crown again and enlarge.Fertilizer type is with treelet as a result not, and 0.2-0.3 kilogram of pure nitrogen level is executed in strain, and spring, two seasons of autumn cooperate phosphorus, potash fertilizer to use about 0.3-0.5 kilogram of every strain.Use N, P the whole year, the K ratio is 1:0.3-0.4:0.5-0.6.
3, bearing tree fertilising: emphasis is bearing basal shoot around cultivating late summer shoot or autumn growth early, the control spring tip and summer shoot early.Fertilizing amount will be according to the tree vigo(u)r and the amount of bearing fruit, and 0.3-0.5 kilogram of pure nitrogen level is used in general every strain, and how bear fruit can suitably increase amount of nitrogen, and nitrogen phosphorus potassium cooperates ratio 1:0.5-0.6:0.7-0.8.Before sprouting, the spring February tip accounts for annual 25-30% with florescence in April fertilizing amount, fertilizing amount accounted for annual 45-50% before fruit expanding period and autumn growth were taken out in a large number and sent out 7-August, biological potassium bacterium fertilizer (effectively bacterium several 0.2 hundred million/more than the g) is executed in promotion, 3-5kg is executed in every strain, and fruit picking in November fertilizer accounts for annual fertilizing amount 20-30%.
(3) top dressing
Spray fertilizer, trace element and growth hormone etc. by tree crown, set the body branches and leaves and absorb and the availability height, can reach and cultivate strong branch, flower and fruit protecting improves quality and corrects nutritional deficiency disease purpose.
1, the florescence sprays 0.1% boric acid or borax+0.3-0.4% urea mixed solution, can reduce fallen flowers.2, young fruit period, fruit expanding period spray 0.3-0.5% urea, potash fertilizer or 1% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and 0.3-0.5% urea+0.2-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can improve percentage of fertile fruit, enrich branch, increase fruit.3, common nutritional deficiency disease has boron deficiency, can spray 1-2 times 0.05-0.1% boric acid or 0.2% borax in spring tip sprouting or young fruit period.Scarce zinc is taken out to send out or spray 0.2% zinc sulphate+0.3% urea 5-July at the spring tip and is sprayed 2-3 times.Magnesium deficiency can be taken out at young sprout and send out a phase 1.0-1.5% and spray magnesium sulfate solution.
Four, high-grafting is transformed low yield garden inferior
Adopt the fringe height by the good maternal plant of nucellar embryo good fortune tangerine and connect the transformation purpose that can comparatively fast realize in the transformation low yield garden, improve quality 2-3 years shortening the juvenile phases, improve competitiveness, obtain favorable economic benefit low yield, poor efficiency tangerine garden.
1, select suitable interstock: through observing for many years: snow mandarin orange, common good fortune tangerine, navel orange, bright Buddhist nun's Aura tangerine orange are good nucellar embryo good fortune tangerine interstock.But osmanthus mandarin orange in the evening performance later stage is not affine, is connected into the motility rate height though show height, and the branch growth is weak year by year, leaf is little, leaf look pale green-yellowish, fruit is little, the acid that yields poorly, distinguishes the flavor of, untimely defoliation deadwood, the root system fibrous root is few, and high-grafting is set the weak dead strain of the 3rd year beginning part.
2, high connecting method
Gather the excellent strain scion of good fortune tangerine, spring based on cut-grafting, effect is better, can generally can select healthy and strong major branch or side shoot autumn with bud grafting or side grafting method about the above 80cm of trunk branching-point, carrying out height at distance branching-point 15-20cm place connects, every strain height of tree is buddered number according to tree body size with need the grafting tip and decide, and the every strain of normal condition is set need only 4-6 big branch grafting survivals, can form tree crown.Grafting part should be hanged down, so that manage and fruit harvesting in the future.Can cut for veteran and to be connected on the aging innovation shoot after do upgrading, be beneficial to improve graft survival rate and cultivate tree-like that tree crown downgrades.
3, height connects the back management
Separate film after height is connected into and lives in good time and reveal bud, but too early unsuitable, in order to avoid the death of the bud tip.Treat that the scion young sprout is taken out and send to 20cm left and right sides Shi Ying and carry out pinching, with the short branch of taking out.Autumn connects separates film and cuts anvil and should carry out after spring temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, in case scion is endured cold.
The young sprout of sending out is taken out in scion will note strengthening diseases and pests controlling, and rich water quality management as usual; Before summer, tree crown did not form, can be white to limb with lime emulsion, burn wound to prevent day.Also to carry out windproof, take precautions against drought, frost damage prevention work, guarantee that tree crown forms rapidly, go into operation early.
Five, pruning
Have an effect by force because nucellar embryo plant strain growth stalwartness, branch are taken out, apical dominance is obvious, and the tree body is easily cloudy worn-out.And the nucellar embryo plant has virgin phase feature, stings longly and close, thereby pruning technique is different from general good fortune tangerine.Trimming method was cut heavily with the winter, and the autumn in summer is light, stung the method that next year cuts then, taked brachycephalic layer-stepping method to prune;
1, take to see tree-pruning, a close vacuate is cut heavily thinly less, and layering is pruned, and the blank that bears down on one suppresses apical dominance, and it is short strong tree-like to cultivate brachycephalic, improves the ventilated condition of tree body.
2, because nucellar embryo good fortune tangerine plant thorn is long and close, easily blade and fruit are caused mechanical injury, increase shot hole, anthracnose occurrence degree, management increases difficulty to farming again, therefore wants in good time duty to cut lunge
[2]
3, earsh: the spring, summer, autumn and winter is respectively stayed the tip one time then in field planting.Trunk indefinite bud summer shoot early should in time be erased, and what the summer shoot growth was long can pinching.After generally putting the tip, a branch stays 2-3, should erase summer, the autumn growth of overstocked, too short or out of position.Winter, general treelet was not pruned except that pruning away sick branch, deadwood.Then spring, tip of Qiu Geliu of earsh as a result.The summer shoot erase all, the pruning in spring can cut off internal chiasma branch, concealment branch, weak branch.
4, the result becomes fruit tree: mainly weak and sterile shoot, sick branch, concealment branch, overlapping branch carry out suitable cutting back or prune off summer pruning to the peripheral growth of tree crown.Generally after putting autumn growth, carried out in 15-20 days.Winter pruning is carried out after fruit picking.Suitable light to the normal tree-pruning of growing, tree crown inside, bottom are cut less and are stayed more, suppress on the tree crown, the middle part branch, to reach the hat that contracts that bears down on one.Suitably control as a result of the autumn growth quantity and the length of female branch.Good year, tree wanted the light pruning young tree to want heavy pruning, deleted in conjunction with dredging with cutting back, suitably reduced flower amount in next year.
Six, ring is pricked or girdling moderately and at the right moment, ploughs deeply and hinders root, promotes precocity fruiting
Orchard, nucellar embryo good fortune tangerine seedling tree or grafting tree growth potential that management is good are all very vigorous, generally enclose (with iron wire be absorbed in epidermis 2/3) at liftoff 30cm place around pricking major branch 2 with No. 16 iron wires in the mid or late December of planting the 3rd year, or with grafting knife girdling cortex 1-2 circle, do not hinder xylem, visible tree crown moved back green for effective in 10 days.Hindered by the conveying function that damages phloem artificially, make the sieve tissue that is positioned at phloem
[4], cooperate ploughing deeply of orchard in winter to hinder root again, nourishing and growing of controlling plant reaches the flower bud differentiation that promotes fruit tree.
Seven, fruit harvesting, classification, packing
Go up general December, gather the middle ten days, in the not serious orchard of frost, an amount of delay of appropriateness gathers, in order to fruit band leaf supply market in the Spring Festival.Gather and want light pruning to put down gently, after sweating in 2 one 3, two days, carry out classification packing packing case and be advisable with 10kg, 7.5kg, 5kg.The fruit of marketing fresh keeps 2-3 leaves can gain in weight 3-5%.
The average 38.91kg of single plant yield, every 667m
2Output 2810.5kg.Under arid situation then, single fruit weighs more than the 118g, longitudinal and transverse demeter 4.56cm * 6.70cm, and soluble solid 14.5%, edible rate reaches more than 75.0%.The fruit look orange is bright-coloured, pulp delicacy, succulence, and sour and sweet palatability, best in quality.
Claims (3)
1. the cultivation method of a good fortune tangerine megarchidium seedling nascent line, it is characterized in that: the step of described cultivation method comprises:
(1) screening of kind: the megarchidium seedling that adopts the good fortune tangerine;
(2) high-grafting;
(3) carry out the biological control damage by disease and insect: adopt to discharge predation mite control mite class;
(4) corresponding cultivation.
2. the cultivation method of good fortune tangerine megarchidium seedling nascent line according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described corresponding cultivation comprises following cultivation management method:
A. soil management
(1) ploughs deeply and improve the soil, applying organic manure: after the treelet field planting, in conjunction with basal dressing, annual or next year outside planting pit, expand year by year according to tree crown growth size, the degree of depth 50-60cm, fertilizer, farmyard manure or phosphorus potash fertilizer are inserted in each layering, last earthing, carry out in 9-October, but autumn arid or the freeze injury area is arranged winter, should not plough deeply and improve the soil or expand the cave;
(2) sward covers: the sward covering is carried out in the orchard; The sward cultivation is noted fostering the optimum weeds that annual shallow grass is, comprises tropic ageratum, knotweed grass, sandwort; People's work post grass selects to have the leatherleaf Cassia tora of nitrogen fixation, the leatherleaf Cassia tora carries out in spring sowing time, adopt drilling or bunch planting, intertillage in good time 1-2 times, the overlay tree of mowing for 7-August dish is only reserved small part and is allowed its self-sow, autumn and winter beanpod mature seed lands, next year is landed seed germination regeneration, and year annual proper motion is propagated and enlarged, and forms orchard advantage grass seeds gradually;
B. fertilizing management
(1) earsh fertilising: 1-3 years bearing-age trees not after the treelet field planting, fertilising cooperates phosphorus potash fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer; After field planting survives, for short its year is taken out the tip 4 times, adopt thin fertile duty to execute, April to October is based on ripe farmyard manure; Chemical fertilizer gradation is in right amount executed, and purity nitrogen 0.1kg is executed in strain, and spring, autumn two seasons ditch spread phosphorus potash fertilizer are executed the back blinding and watered;
(2) firstfruits treelet fertilising: fertilising cooperates an amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer with diazonium fertilizer, combines with fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; Fertilizer type is with treelet as a result not, and 0.2-0.3 kilogram of pure nitrogen level is executed in strain, and spring, two seasons of autumn cooperate phosphorus, potash fertilizer to use 0.3-0.5 kilogram of every strain; Use N, P the whole year, the K ratio is 1:0.3-0.4:0.5-0.6;
(3) bearing tree fertilising: cultivate late summer shoot or autumn growth early, 0.3-0.5 kilogram of pure nitrogen level is used in every strain, and bearing fruit suitably increases amount of nitrogen at most, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium cooperate ratio 1:0.5-0.6:0.7-0.8; Before spring February, the tip was sprouted and florescence in April fertilizing amount account for annual 25-30%, 7-August fruit expanding period and autumn growth take out in a large number send out before a fertilizing amount account for the whole year 45-50%, fruit picking in November fertilizer accounts for annual fertilizing amount 20-30%;
(4) top dressing
Florescence sprays 0.1% boric acid or borax+0.3-0.4% urea mixed solution; Young fruit period, fruit expanding period spray 0.3-0.5% urea, potash fertilizer or 1% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.3-0.5% urea+0.2-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Sprout or young fruit period sprays 1-2 times 0.05-0.1% boric acid or 0.2% borax at the spring tip during boron deficiency, lack zinc and take out to send out or spray 0.2% zinc sulphate+0.3% urea 5-July at the spring tip and spray 2-3 times, magnesium deficiency is taken out at young sprout and is sent out a phase 1.0-1.5% and spray magnesium sulfate solution;
C. pruning: trimming method was cut heavily with the winter, and the autumn in summer is light, stung the method that next year cuts then, taked brachycephalic layer-stepping method to prune;
D. ring is pricked or girdling moderately and at the right moment, ploughs deeply and hinders root
In the mid or late December of planting the 3rd year, enclose around pricking major branch 2 at liftoff 30cm place with No. 16 iron wires, make iron wire be absorbed in 2/3 of epidermis, or, do not hinder xylem with grafting knife girdling cortex 1-2 circles, it is green that tree crown is moved back; Damage phloem artificially, cooperate ploughing deeply of orchard in winter to hinder root again, promote the flower bud differentiation of fruit tree.
3. the cultivation method of good fortune tangerine megarchidium seedling nascent line according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the fertilising of the described bearing tree of step in the fertilizing management (3), use biological potassium bacterium fertilizer, and effectively several 0.2 hundred million of bacterium/more than the g, 3-5kg is executed in every strain.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104255373A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2015-01-07 | 重庆威灿网络科技有限公司 | Navel orange planting method |
| CN104380868A (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2015-03-04 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Method for improving chamaecrista over-winter seed germination rate |
| CN105123374A (en) * | 2015-07-19 | 2015-12-09 | 王迪瑞 | High-yield cultivation technology for ecological oranges |
| CN106576959A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-04-26 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Topping method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN106718605A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-31 | 卿红日 | A kind of W Mo Kete citrus culture methods |
| CN107371953A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-24 | 钟山县昱成水果种植专业合作社 | A kind of method for making Gong Ganshu uniformly send out tip shaping |
| CN107535263A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-05 | 湖南省梅林果业有限公司 | A kind of miscellaneous mandarin orange cultural method in Linli |
| CN107580939A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-16 | 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 | The method that Karst Mountains Desertification Area plants sweet shaddock |
| CN109644809A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-19 | 祝旭加 | A kind of tree-grass complex formula digging dibbling seedling-growing method optimizing afforestation effect |
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| CN104255373A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2015-01-07 | 重庆威灿网络科技有限公司 | Navel orange planting method |
| CN104380868A (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2015-03-04 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Method for improving chamaecrista over-winter seed germination rate |
| CN105123374A (en) * | 2015-07-19 | 2015-12-09 | 王迪瑞 | High-yield cultivation technology for ecological oranges |
| CN106576959A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-04-26 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Topping method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN106718605A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-31 | 卿红日 | A kind of W Mo Kete citrus culture methods |
| CN106718605B (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2020-07-28 | 卿红日 | Cultivation method of Weiminkott oranges |
| CN107371953A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-24 | 钟山县昱成水果种植专业合作社 | A kind of method for making Gong Ganshu uniformly send out tip shaping |
| CN107580939A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-16 | 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 | The method that Karst Mountains Desertification Area plants sweet shaddock |
| CN107535263A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-05 | 湖南省梅林果业有限公司 | A kind of miscellaneous mandarin orange cultural method in Linli |
| CN109644809A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-19 | 祝旭加 | A kind of tree-grass complex formula digging dibbling seedling-growing method optimizing afforestation effect |
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