CN1048302A

CN1048302A - Dwarfing fruit trees and citrus cultivating in northern area method

Info

Publication number: CN1048302A
Application number: CN 90105511
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姜志敏; 蒋志龙
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1990-07-28
Filing date: 1990-07-28
Publication date: 1991-01-09
Anticipated expiration: 2005-07-28
Also published as: CN1020540C

Abstract

Dwarfing fruit trees and citrus cultivating in northern area are to utilize the cultivation management measure to make dwarfing fruit trees keep stablizing, and utilize the convenient characteristics that cover the insulation of going to a winter resort of super dwarf-type citrus that the realization citrus is moved northward.The major technique measure has: select fruit tree dwarf forms kind graft seedling growth, dwarfing domestication, nylon yarn to tie up, peel, shortening trimming and nylon mesh bag cultivating etc.The present invention has broken eternal final conclusion of " tangerine becomes inferior in quality after having been replanted in another place ", has realized " transplanting in north of south orange ", and provides effective ways for the fruit tree high-yield cultivating.

Description

Dwarfing fruit trees and citrus cultivating in northern area method

The present invention relates to the dwarfing and the cultivation method of a planting fruit-trees.

The dwarfing fruit trees cultivation is one of fruit tree developing direction.At present, the dwarfing fruit trees technology mainly contains selects fruit tree dwarf forms kind graft seedling growth, and shortening trimming, induced mutations produce the dwarf forms variation, crossbreeding or the like, and these methods have certain effect to dwarfing fruit trees.But this dwarfing is stable inadequately, and under the adapt circumstance condition, cultivation also can produce atavism.Generally more than 1.5 meters, cold hardiness is relatively poor for the orange tree crown height, can only cross Huaihe River and then can not cold-resistantly survive the winter in the cultivation of areas to the south, Huaihe River usually.Someone once wished to cultivate the new variety of mandarin orange of cold hardiness extra-heavy, but not success.Will be at the cultivated in north citrus, key is that tangerine tree downgrades, so that take the cold-proof heat insulation measure easily the picture kind tomato.

The objective of the invention is, provide a kind of simple and easy to do dwarfing fruit trees that makes to keep stable method; And utilize this method to cultivate super dwarf-type citrus, and cooperate the measure of citrus cold-proof heat insulation, realize the citrus cultivating in northern area.

Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure, selects fruit tree dwarf forms kind graft seedling growth, and grafting is planted in the dwarfing nutrition bucket (Bowls) after going out the garden, downgrade domestication 1 year by force, after this as with containers such as flowerpots plant, only need shortening trimming and technical management, can keep dwarfing fruit trees.If field production, sapling is dug out in ground, tie up with materials such as nylon yarn or rope yarns at the healing position of grafting stock and scion scarf and to be locked, again sapling is planted in the ground, behind the 2-3 that plants, on the annular tumour of the nylon yarn place of tying up formation, cut a cutter, reach xylem deeply, some barks of pruning, and cut off nylon yarn, cooperate shortening trimming in the management, can keep dwarfing fruit trees.Dwarfing fruit trees or adopt the nylon mesh bag cultivating, tree vigo(u)r are crossed when prosperous, and fruit tree is dug out together with mesh bag, deposit to plant in several days again and bury, and cooperate shortening trimming.

Citrus is moved northward the application dwarfing technology, cultivate to downgrade citrus, adopts the mesh bag cultivation simultaneously, and winter the tangerine tree is moved to be hidden within and concentrate cold-proof heat insulation in plastic tunnel or the crypt, but also covering and heat insulating.

The present invention has following good effect, and dwarfing fruit trees can improve planting density and yield per unit area.Be convenient to field management, the premature labor high yield; Again can be potted plant, make full use of spatial development fruit trees such as balcony roof, set up aerial orchard, view and admire edible and combine.The dwarfing of citrus and cultivating in northern area have been broken eternal final conclusion of " tangerine becomes inferior in quality after having been replanted in another place ", have realized " transplanting in north of south orange ", and citrus can be settled down on Heilungkiang Mo River, Xinjiang and other places.

Embodiment:

The dwarfing of fruit tree such as citrus, Lee at first selects the healthy and strong branch of dwarf forms kind to make the scion graft seedling growth.The stock of citrus grafting can adopt the smelly tree (the evergreen undershrub of Rutaceae Poncirus) of Fructus Aurantii or northern China growth, after grafting goes out the garden, downgrade domestication 1 year, being about to sapling plants in the dwarfing nutrition bucket (Bowls), the available 7-9 piece of dwarfing nutrition bucket brick encloses bundle and forms, tighten with iron wire at the middle part, and brick bucket bottom is filled out 3 cm thick slags earlier, fills out nutrition soil again.Cultivation just became the dwarfing seedling after 1 year in the nutrition bucket.After this as with container plantings such as flowerpots,, strengthen technical management, can keep downgrading as long as carry out shortening trimming every year.

Through downgrading the citrus seedling or the plum seedling of domestication, if field production, need to tie up with nylon yarn at the healing position of stock and scion scarf, plant in the ground again, plant behind the 2-3, tie up on the annular tumour that the place forms at nylon yarn and cut a cutter, reach xylem deeply, nylon yarn is cut off, and some barks of pruning.Cooperate shortening trimming in the field management again, can keep downgrading.

It is the key of cultivating in northern area that the tangerine tree is downgraded, but cultivating in northern area also needs following measure match.At first GPRS is introduced a fine variety the ecological conditions such as weather, soil in area, and seedling transportation will be preserved moisture, packed and transported on request, and the tangerine tree survives the winter and will take the cold-proof heat insulation measure.Heat preserving method can take film or cornstalk to cover, and plastic tunnel, crypt, utilizes underground heat or the like.These methods preferably cooperate with citrus mesh bag cultivation, and the concrete grammar of mesh bag cultivation is, are made into netted handbag with nylon yarn, and width of mesh is not to leak soil, not hinder root growth to be advisable.To together put into mesh bag together with root soil ball through the tangerine seedling of downgrading the domestication of nutrition bucket, and bury then to plant and bury.Allow its growth yield positive results, arrive winter, the soil around the mesh bag is excavated, carrying mesh bag and the tangerine tree is moved be hidden within insulation place, concentrated winter protection is passed the winter.Evidence, the mesh bag cultivation not only helps cold-proof heat insulation, and helps citrus flower bud differentiation and steady fruit high yield.

The field management measure of citrus cultivating in northern area mainly contains rational pruning, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests is loosened the soil, weeding, rationally waters, fertilising and flower thinning, girdling, sprays somatotropin and foliage spraies such as 920, flower and fruit protecting technology such as summer bud bud picking, pinching.Under the support of inventor's effort and relevant department cooperates, at present, set up the citrus garden in Haiyang, Shandong Province county, great majority are yielded positive results, and ground, this county East Village town the North village Li Hong is family newly, and 30 kilograms of fruits were plucked in 27 strains of 88 years plantation citrus in 89 years.

Claims

1, a kind of dwarfing fruit trees method comprises technology such as selecting fruit tree dwarf forms kind graft seedling growth and shortening trimming, and feature of the present invention is: grafting is planted in the dwarfing nutrition bucket (Bowls) after going out the garden, downgrades domestication 1 year by force; Field production is dug out sapling in ground, tie up at the healing position of grafting stock and scion place with materials such as nylon yarn or rope yarns to be locked, and sapling is planted to bury again.Plant behind the 2-3, on the annular tumour at the nylon yarn place of tying up, cut a cutter, reach xylem deeply, cut off nylon yarn, and some barks of pruning, cooperate shortening trimming, can keep dwarfing fruit trees.

2, according to the described dwarfing fruit trees method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fruit tree field production adopts the nylon yarn mesh bag.Fruit tree is together put into mesh bag together with root soil ball, bury then to plant and bury, during the tree vigo(u)r over growth, excavate mesh bag soil on every side, mesh bag is proposed to deposit to plant in several days together with fruit tree again bury.

3, a kind of citrus cultivating in northern area method based on dwarfing fruit trees, comprise and grasp the weather of introducing a fine variety the area, the general culture technique of ecological conditions such as soil and citrus, take cold-proof heat insulation measure etc., feature of the present invention is: adopt the smelly tree of Rutaceae Poncirus plant of northern China growth to make stock, dwarf forms citrus variety branch is done scion, cultivate the citrus grafting, with aforementioned dwarfing fruit trees method, make citrus, crown height remains on below one meter, will downgrade citrus simultaneously and adopt the mesh bag cultivation, and excavate the soil around the mesh bag winter, carry mesh bag and tangerine tree is moved be hidden within insulation place, concentrating cold-proof heat insulation.