CN102089353A - 聚酰胺、包含该聚酰胺的组合物、及它们的用途 - Google Patents
聚酰胺、包含该聚酰胺的组合物、及它们的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102089353A CN102089353A CN2009801263853A CN200980126385A CN102089353A CN 102089353 A CN102089353 A CN 102089353A CN 2009801263853 A CN2009801263853 A CN 2009801263853A CN 200980126385 A CN200980126385 A CN 200980126385A CN 102089353 A CN102089353 A CN 102089353A
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- Prior art keywords
- polymeric amide
- diacid
- carbon
- acid
- dicarboxylic acid
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Classifications
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- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有以下通式的包含至少两个单元的聚酰胺:4.Y,其中:4表示丁二胺,和Y表示选自线型或支化的脂族二羧酸、脂环族二酸和芳族二酸的二羧酸,所述二羧酸含有7~11个碳原子,所述丁二胺含有可再生来源的碳,除了当所述聚酰胺为共聚酰胺时其不能含有相对于聚酰胺碳的总质量为100质量%的得自可再生原材料的有机碳之外。本发明还涉及包含该聚酰胺的组合物以及该聚酰胺和这样的组合物的用途。
Description
本发明涉及聚酰胺、其制备方法及其用途,特别是在各种物品例如普通生活消费品,如电气设备、电子设备或机动车辆设备、外科材料、包装或运动器材的制造中的用途。
本发明还涉及包含这样的聚酰胺的组合物以及该组合物的用途,特别是在刚在以上列出的全部或部分物品的制造中的用途。
目前,存在已知的通过二胺如丁二胺(也称作四亚甲基二胺或1,4-二氨基丁烷)与二酸的缩聚得到的聚酰胺。这样的聚酰胺是特别有利的,因为它们具有许多性能,例如非常好的耐高温性和显著的结晶性。
关于这些聚酰胺存在丰富的文献,不管二酸Y的性质如何,无论其是脂族还是芳族的,这些聚酰胺均表示为PA 4.Y。文献High Perform.Polym.11,(1999),387-394,Cor Koning and al.涉及PA 4.10和4.12聚酰胺。其描述了所述聚酰胺的物理化学特性,用于制造它们的方法和它们的物理和机械性能。专利申请EP 0 382 277描述了具有改善性能的聚酰胺PA4.6/6树脂组合物。专利申请US 5 084 552描述了三元共聚酰胺PA 4.6/4T/4I,T表示对苯二甲酸和I表示间苯二甲酸,该三元共聚物在稳定性和刚性方面具有改善的性能。
对于机动车辆和电气/电子领域而言,这些由丁二胺获得的聚酰胺由于它们优异的耐热性而特别有利。
然而,过去几年对环境的关注有利于这样的材料的开发:该材料通过在其制造中特别限制采购得自石油工业的原材料而尽可能满足可持续发展的需要。
因此,本发明的目的是提供具有前述性能中的至少一些并且同时在其结构中包含得自可再生原材料的单元的聚酰胺。
通过阅读以下描述及实施例,本发明的其它特征、方面、主题和优点将变得更清楚。
通常,聚酰胺包含至少两个相同或不同的重复单元,这些单元由两种相应的单体或共聚单体形成。因而,聚酰胺由选自氨基酸、内酰胺和/或二羧酸和二胺的两种或更多种单体或共聚单体制备。
本发明的目的通过包含至少两个单元并且对应于以下通式的聚酰胺实现:
4.Y
其中4表示丁二胺,和
Y表示选自线型或支化的脂族二羧酸、脂环族二酸和芳族二酸的二羧酸,所述二羧酸含有7~11个碳原子(包括端值),
所述聚酰胺的特征在于所述丁二胺含有根据标准ASTM D6866确定的可再生来源的有机碳(也称作基于生物的碳)。
因此,当根据本发明的聚酰胺仅包含相同的X.Y(4.Y)单元时,其可为均聚酰胺。当根据本发明的聚酰胺包含至少两种不同的X.Y(4.Y)单元时,其也可为共聚酰胺。通常,共聚酰胺表示为X.Y/Z(4.Y/Z),从而可区分各种共聚单体。优选地,根据本发明的聚酰胺为均聚酰胺。
可再生原材料是动物或植物性的自然资源,以人类的尺度来看,可在短期内再次建立这种原材料的储存。具体地说,对于该储存,有必要使再生速度能够与其消耗速度一样快。
通常,聚酰胺的耐久性是其基本性质之一。聚酰胺通常用于预期寿命为至少约十年的应用中。
当在这些聚酰胺的制造中使用可再生来源的原材料如植物油或甘蔗时,可认为,由于最初在光合作用期间(在植物的情况下)从大气中汲取的一定量的CO2被长期固定在材料中,因此,至少对于聚酰胺制品的整个寿命而言,其不参与碳循环。
相反地,化石来源的聚酰胺在它们的寿命期间不捕集大气CO2(例如在光合作用期间所捕集的CO2)。在寿命结束时(例如焚烧期间),聚酰胺可每吨聚酰胺释放约2.5吨以化石资源储存的CO2(化石碳)。
当使用化石原材料制造这些聚酰胺时,在该材料的寿命结束时产生这样的影响——将从碳循环中移出的且自经过约几百万年的时间跨度变成化石后的碳再次投入到碳循环中。换句话说,所述碳参与到循环中,导致失衡。于是,这些现象促进累积效应并由此促进温室效应的提高。
对于本发明的聚酰胺,使用可再生来源的原材料代替化石来源的原材料有助于将寿命结束时可能释放的化石CO2的量减少至少30%,其中,所述CO2源自原材料的基于碳的结构。
不同于得自化石材料的材料,可再生的原材料含有14C。得自活生物体(动物或植物)的所有碳样品实际上是下列三种同位素的混合物:12C(占约98.892%)、13C(约1.108%)和14C(痕量:1.2×10-10%)。活组织的14C/12C之比与大气的14C/12C之比相同。在自然环境中,14C以两种主要形式存在:无机形式(即二氧化碳(CO2)的形式)和有机形式(即结合到有机分子中的碳的形式)。
在活生物体中,14C/12C之比通过新陈代谢而保持恒定,因为碳不断地与外部环境进行交换。由于大气中的14C的比例是恒定的,当生物体存活时,生物体中的14C的比例也是恒定的,因为生物体以与其吸收环境中的12C一样的方式吸收14C。平均的14C/12C之比等于1.2×10-12。
12C是稳定的,即,随时间推移,给定样品中的12C原子数不变。14C自身是放射性的(生物的每克碳含有足够的14C同位素以产生每分钟13.6次的衰变)并且这样的原子在样品中的数量根据以下定律随时间(t)的推移而降低:
n=no exp(-at),
其中:
-no是起始时(动物或植物生物死亡时)的14C原子数,
-n是经过时间t后所剩余的14C原子数,
-a是衰变常数(或放射性常数),其与半衰期有关。
半衰期(或半寿命期)是给定实体的任意数量的放射性核或不稳定粒子通过衰变减少一半时的时间;半衰期T1/2与衰变常数a通过式aT1/2=ln2相关联。14C的半衰期为5730年。
已知14C的半衰期(T1/2),14C含量从可再生原材料的汲取直至根据本发明的聚酰胺的制造以及甚至直到它们的使用的终结都是基本上恒定的。
本发明聚酰胺含有得自可再生来源的原材料的有机碳(即结合到有机分子中的碳),这可通过根据标准ASTM D6866-06(Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis)中所述方法之一测定14C的含量来进行鉴定。
该标准ASTM D6866-06包括三种用于测量得自可再生原材料的有机碳(称作基于生物的碳)的方法。对于本发明的聚酰胺,所表示的比例是优选地根据标准ASTM D6866-06中所述的液体闪烁光谱法或质谱法测量的。
因此,材料中的14C的存在(无论其量的多少)给出了关于其组成分子的来源的指示,即,它们是基于生物的,即它们源自可再生的原材料并且不再源自化石材料。因此,通过标准ASTM D6866-06中所述的方法进行的测量可将得自可再生材料的起始单体或起始反应物与得自化石材料的单体或反应物区分开。这些测量起到检验的作用。
因此,通过使用得自可再生原材料的丁二胺,所获得的聚酰胺表现出与由得自石化工业的丁二胺获得的现有技术的聚酰胺的机械性能、化学性能和热性能相似的机械性能、化学性能和热性能,这至少符合前面所述的可持续发展的各项要求之一,即,限制化石资源的使用。
换句话说,聚酰胺的单体X得自丁二胺(或1,4-二氨基丁烷),其自身可全部源自可再生原材料,所述可再生原材料的鉴别是基于标准ASTM D6866进行的。
根据本发明的聚酰胺中的可再生或基于生物的有机碳的以百分数表示的含量严格大于0,该含量以%Crenew.org表示且对应于如下等式(I):
在该等式中,
i=100%得自可再生原材料的单体,
j=100%得自化石原材料的单体,
k=部分地得自可再生原材料的单体,
Fi,Fj,Fk=所述聚酰胺中的所述单体i、j和k各自的摩尔分数,
Ci,Cj,Ck=所述聚酰胺中的所述单体i、j和k的碳原子的相应数量(相应质量),
Ck′=所述单体k中可再生或基于生物的有机碳的原子数(相应的质量)。
根据标准ASTM D6866的测量方法之一确定单体i、j和k各自的性质(可再生的或化石),即,确定它们各自的来源。
(共聚)单体X和Y为等式(I)含义内的单体i、j和k。
优选地,所述聚酰胺的%Crenew.org含量大于或等于10%,有利地大于或等于20%,优选大于或等于50%。
换句话说,所述聚酰胺包含相对于所述聚酰胺的碳的总质量(或总的原子数)为至少10质量(或者原子数)%、优选至少20质量(或者原子数)%、优选至少50质量(或者原子数)%的可再生来源的碳。
当根据本发明的聚酰胺具有大于或等于25%的%Crenew.org含量,更不用说大于或等于50%的%Crenew.org含量时,其满足获得JBPA的“Biomass Pla”认证(该认证也基于标准ASTM D6866)所需的标准。根据本发明的聚酰胺也可有充分的根据带有JORA组织的“Biomass-based”标志。
例如,(共聚)单体可得自可再生资源例如植物油或天然多糖如淀粉或纤维素,对于淀粉来说,可例如从玉米或马铃薯中提取。该或这些(共聚)单体或原材料不但可特别地源自各种转化过程(特别是传统的化学过程),而且也可源自酶转化过程或生物发酵转化过程。
当所述聚酰胺为共聚酰胺时,其可以不含有相对于共聚酰胺碳的总质量为100质量%的得自可再生原材料的有机碳。
例如,丁二胺可通过丁二酸的胺化获得,丁二酸自身通过酶转化,尤其是糖或得自淀粉的含糖材料的发酵获得,所述淀粉可例如从小麦、玉米、甜菜根、马铃薯或甘蔗提取。
也可通过使用基因改性微生物进行的营养溶液的发酵直接得到丁二胺。可具体参考文献WO 06/0056034的教导。
根据本发明的第一方面,所述聚酰胺为对应于上述式4.Y的均聚酰胺。
更具体地,在根据本发明的聚酰胺的式4.Y中,4表示丁二胺和Y表示二羧酸。
所述二羧酸可选自线型或支化的脂族二羧酸、脂环族二羧酸和芳族二羧酸,所述二羧酸含有7~11个碳原子。
优选地,当所述二羧酸为线型的脂族二羧酸时,其选自庚二酸(y=7)、辛二酸(y=8)、壬二酸(y=9)、癸二酸(y=10)和十一烷二酸(y=11)。
当所述二羧酸为芳族二羧酸时,其优选地选自对苯二甲酸(表示为T)和间苯二甲酸(表示为I)。
在聚酰胺4.Y的所有可能组合中,对应于选自4.9、4.10和4.T的式子之一的聚酰胺是特别优选的。
丁二胺和二酸的摩尔比例优选为化学计量的。
根据本发明的均聚酰胺可包含源自可再生资源和任选地源自化石资源的丁二胺单体。有利地,所述均聚酰胺只包含根据标准ASTM D6866确定的可再生来源的丁二胺。在这种情况下,所述聚酰胺具有可达到100%的%Crenew.org含量。
单体Y(二酸)可源自化石资源和/或可再生资源。在后一种情况下,最终聚酰胺中的有机碳的比例增加。
根据本发明的第二方面,所述聚酰胺为共聚酰胺并且可包含至少两种不同的单元且对应于以下通式:
4.Y/Z
其中:
4和Y如以上对于均聚酰胺所定义的,
Z选自得自氨基酸的单元、得自内酰胺的单元和对应于式(Ca二胺).(Cb二酸)的单元,其中a表示二胺的碳原子数和b表示二酸的碳原子数,a和b各自为4~36。
根据本发明的共聚酰胺可包含源自可再生资源和任选地源自化石资源的丁二胺单体(表示为4)。有利地,丁二胺只含有基于生物的碳,即根据标准ASTM D6866确定的可再生来源的碳。
当Z表示氨基酸时,其可选自9-氨基壬酸(Z=9)、10-氨基癸酸(Z=10)、12-氨基十二烷酸(Z=12)和11-氨基十一烷酸(Z=11)及其衍生物,特别是N-庚基-11-氨基十一烷酸。
也可想到两种、三种或数种氨基酸的混合物来代替一种氨基酸。然而,所形成的共聚酰胺将分别包括三种、四种或更多种单元。
当Z表示内酰胺时,其可选自吡咯烷酮、哌啶酮(piperidinone)、己内酰胺(Z=6)、庚内酰胺、辛内酰胺、壬内酰胺、癸内酰胺、十一内酰胺和十二内酰胺(Z=12)。
在可想到的组合中,特别关注如下共聚酰胺:它们是对应于选自下式之一的共聚酰胺:4.9/6、4.9/12、4.10/6、4.10/12、4.T/6和4.T/12。
在本发明的有利形式中,在最终共聚酰胺中的Z的摩尔含量为0(不包括0)~80%(包括80%),丁二胺的摩尔含量为50%(不包括50%)~10%(包括10%)且二酸Y的摩尔含量为50%(不包括50%)~10%(包括10%)。
当单元Z为对应于式(Ca二胺).(Cb二酸)的单元时,在所述二胺为脂族且线型的二胺时,所述(Ca二胺)单元具有式H2N-(CH2)a-NH2。
优选地,所述(Ca二胺)单体选自丁二胺(a=4)、戊二胺(a=5)、己二胺(a=6)、庚二胺(a=7)、辛二胺(a=8)、壬二胺(a=9)、癸二胺(a=10)、十一烷二胺(a=11)、十二烷二胺(a=12)、十三烷二胺(a=13)、十四烷二胺(a=14)、十六烷二胺(a=16)、十八烷二胺(a=18)、十八烯二胺(a=18)、二十烷二胺(a=20)、二十二烷二胺(a=22)和得自脂肪酸的二胺。
当所述(Ca二胺)单体为丁二胺时,其可为可再生来源和/或化石来源的丁二胺。
当所述(Ca二胺)单体为脂环族时,其选自二(3,5-二烷基-4-氨基环己基)甲烷、二(3,5-二烷基-4-氨基环己基)乙烷、二(3,5-二烷基-4-氨基环己基)丙烷、二(3,5-二烷基-4-氨基环己基)丁烷、二(3-甲基-4-氨基环己基)甲烷(BMACM或MACM)、对-二(氨基环己基)甲烷(PACM)和异亚丙基二(环己基胺)(PACP)。其也可包含下列基于碳的骨架:降冰片基甲烷、环己基甲烷、二环己基丙烷、二(甲基环己基)或二(甲基环己基)丙烷。这些脂环族二胺的非穷举性列表在出版物″Cycloaliphatic Amines″(Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology,Kirk-Othmer,第四版(1992),第386-405页)中给出。
当所述(Ca二胺)单体为芳基芳族时,其选自1,3-苯二甲二胺和1,4-苯二甲二胺。
当所述(Cb二酸)单体为脂族和线型时,其选自丁二酸(y=4)、戊二酸(y=5)、己二酸(y=6)、庚二酸(y=7)、辛二酸(y=8)、壬二酸(y=9)、癸二酸(y=10)、十一烷二酸(y=11)、十二烷二酸(y=12)、十三烷二酸(y=13)、十四烷二酸(y=14)、十六烷二酸(y=16)、十八烷二酸(y=18)、十八烯二酸(y=18)、二十烷二酸(y=20)、二十二烷二酸(y=22)和含有36个碳的二聚体脂肪酸。
前述二聚体脂肪酸是通过包含基于烃的长链的不饱和一元脂肪酸(例如亚油酸和油酸)的低聚或聚合获得的二聚脂肪酸,如文献EP0471566中所具体描述的。
当所述二酸为脂环族时,其可包括下列碳骨架:降冰片基甲烷、环己基甲烷、二环己基甲烷、二环己基丙烷、二(甲基环己基)或二(甲基环己基)丙烷。
当所述二酸为芳族时,其选自对苯二甲酸(表示为T)、间苯二甲酸(表示为I)和萘二羧酸。
非常明显地排除其中(Ca二胺).(Cb二酸)单元与4.Y单元严格相同,即(Ca二胺)单体为丁二胺而不论所述丁二胺为可再生来源和/或化石来源的特殊情况。这是因为,在这种特殊情况下,涉及的是已经根据本发明的第一方面想到的均聚酰胺。
在其中Z为(Ca二胺).(Cb二酸)单元的共聚酰胺4.Y/Z的所有可能的组合中,特别选择与选自4.9/4.T、4.9/4.I、4.10/4.T、4.10/4.I、4.9/4.6、4.10/4.6、4.9/4.12、4.10/4.12、4.T/4.6、4.T/4.I、4.T/6.T和4.T/4.12的式之一对应的共聚酰胺。
用于定义聚酰胺的命名法描述于标准ISO 1874-1:1992″Plastics-Polyamide(PA)moulding and extrusion materials-Part 1:Designation″(特别是第3页(表1和表2))中,并且该命名法是本领域技术人员所公知的。
根据本发明的另一方面,所述共聚酰胺还包含至少一种第三单元和对应于下列通式:
4.Y/Z/A
其中:
A选自得自氨基酸的单元、得自内酰胺的单元和对应于式(Cd二胺).(Ce二酸)的单元,其中d表示二胺的碳原子数和e表示二酸的碳原子数,d和e各自为4~36。
在式4.Y/Z/A中,一方面参照以上对于(共聚)单体或单元4.Y所描述的那些,另一方面参照以上对于Z所描述的那些。
在该同一式子中,A单元具有与以上限定的Z单元相同的含义。非常明显地排除其中A单元与Z单元严格相同的特殊情况。
在共聚酰胺4.Y/Z/A所有可能的组合中,特别选择与选自4.9/6/4.T、4.9/6/4.I、4.10/6/4.T、4.10/6/4.I、4.9/6/4.6、4.10/6/4.6、4.9/6/4.12、4.10/6/4.12、4.9/12/4.T、4.9/12/4.I、4.10/12/4.T、4.10/12/4.I、4.9/12/4.6、4.10/12/4.6、4.9/12/4.12、4.10/12/4.12、4.9/11/4.T、4.9/11/4.I、4.10/11/4.T、4.10/11/4.I、4.9/11/4.6、4.10/11/4.6、4.9/11/4.12和4.10/11/4.12的式之一对应的共聚酰胺。
Z和A单元可源自化石资源和/或可为基于生物的(即源自可再生资源),从而提高最终聚酰胺中有机碳的比例。
本发明还涉及用于制备如上定义的聚酰胺的方法,包括至少一个使含有可再生来源的有机碳的丁二胺与含有7~11个碳原子的二羧酸(优选线型的脂族二羧酸或芳族二羧酸)缩聚的步骤。
在第一变型中,以上制备方法还可具有在上述缩聚步骤之前的下列两个步骤:
a)从可再生原材料分离丁二酸;任选地进行纯化,
b)从得自前一步骤的丁二酸制备丁二胺。
根据第二变型,以上制备方法还可具有在上述缩聚步骤之前的如下步骤:所述步骤由通过在基因改性微生物中的发酵制备的丁二胺的分离组成。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种根据本发明的聚酰胺的组合物。
根据本发明的组合物也可包含至少一种第二聚合物。
有利地,该第二聚合物可选自半结晶聚酰胺、无定形聚酰胺、半结晶共聚酰胺、无定形共聚酰胺、聚醚酰胺、聚酯酰胺、以及它们的共混物。
优选地,该第二聚合物得自可再生原材料,即,符合标准ASTM D6866的测试的材料。
该第二聚合物可具体选自淀粉(可对其进行改性和/或配制(formulate))、纤维素或其衍生物(如醋酸纤维素或纤维素醚)、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸和聚羟基烷酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoate)。
根据本发明的组合物也可另外包含至少一种添加剂。
所述添加剂可具体地选自填料、纤维、染料、稳定剂特别是UV稳定剂、增塑剂、抗冲改性剂、表面活性剂、颜料、增亮剂、抗氧化剂、天然蜡、以及它们的混合物。
在填料中,可具体提及二氧化硅、炭黑、碳纳米管、膨胀石墨、氧化钛或玻璃珠。
优选地,该添加剂为天然且可再生来源的添加剂,即,符合标准ASTM D6866的测试。
虽然,除了N-庚基-11-氨基十一烷酸、二聚体脂肪酸和脂环族二胺之外,本发明中涉及的共聚单体或原材料(氨基酸、二胺、二酸)实际上是线型的,但并不禁止它们可以全部或部分地为支化的(如2-甲基-1,5-二氨基戊烷)或部分不饱和的。
应特别注意,C18二羧酸可为饱和的十八烷二酸、或者具有不饱和性的十八碳烯二酸。
根据本发明的聚酰胺或者根据本发明的组合物可用于构成结构体。
当所述结构体仅由所述聚酰胺或者仅由根据本发明的组合物形成时,该结构体可为单层结构体。
当所述结构体包括至少两个层并且当形成该结构体的不同层中的至少一个是由根据本发明的聚酰胺或组合物形成时,该结构体也可为多层结构体。
具体地说,所述结构体(不论是单层还是多层的)可为纤维、膜、管、中空体、或注射部件的形式。
还可想到根据本发明的聚酰胺或组合物在电气及电子商品(例如电话、计算机或多媒体系统)的全部或部分部件中的用途。
本发明的聚酰胺和组合物可根据现有技术中所述的常规方法进行制造。特别地,可参考文献DE4318047或US6143862。
现在,在以下述实施例中描述本发明,这样的实施例仅出于说明目的而给出并且很显然不用于进行限定。
根据下表1中给出的具体组成(实施例A~H)使用2种、3种或4种单体制备各种均聚酰胺和共聚酰胺。
所用单体为:
-得自可再生资源的丁二胺,在表中表示为DA4,CAS 110-60-1
-己二酸,在表中表示为DC6,CAS 124-04-9
-得自可再生资源的壬二酸,在表中表示为DC9,CAS 123-99-9
-得自可再生资源的癸二酸,在表中表示为DC10,CAS 111-20-6
-对苯二甲酸,在表中表示为T,CAS 100-21-0
-己内酰胺,在表中表示为L6,CAS 105-60-2
-得自可再生资源的11-氨基十一酸,在表中表示为A11,CAS 2432-99-7
-十二内酰胺,在表中表示为L12,CAS 947-04-6。
现在,针对实施例A具体描述制备方法(所述制备方法可适用于所有实施例A~H)。
将7.8g丁二胺、17.17g癸二酸和15g水引入到250ml高压釜中。该混合物在搅拌下在160℃加热,然后逐渐除去水并将温度升高至220℃。然后在自生压力下在220℃进行聚合。在该第一步骤之后,将所获得的预聚物在氮气和蒸汽(10/1)冲洗下在220℃下后缩合直至获得具有期望粘度的聚酰胺。
表1
2/从碳循环离开的大气CO
2
的评价
下表2给出了当产生1吨本发明聚酰胺时从碳循环“离开”的大气CO2的量。
表2
3/在寿命结束时可能释放的CO2的质量的评价
对具有重复单元分子式C12H14N2O2的4.T进行测量,所述重复单元的摩尔质量为218g/mol且碳C的质量为144g/mol,即总的碳百分数=66%。
表3
Claims (15)
1.对应于以下通式的包含至少两个单元的聚酰胺:
4.Y
其中:
·4表示丁二胺,和
·Y表示选自线型或支化的脂族二羧酸、脂环族二酸和芳族二酸的二羧酸,所述二羧酸含有7~11个碳原子,
所述聚酰胺的特征在于所述丁二胺含有根据标准ASTM D6866确定的可再生来源的有机碳,
除了当所述聚酰胺为共聚酰胺时其不能含有相对于所述聚酰胺碳的总质量为100质量%的得自可再生原材料的有机碳之外。
2.权利要求1的聚酰胺,特征在于所述聚酰胺含有相对于所述聚酰胺碳的总质量为至少10质量%、优选20质量%、优选50质量%的可再生来源的碳。
3.前述权利要求中任一项的聚酰胺,特征在于二酸Y选自庚二酸(y=7)、辛二酸(y=8)、壬二酸(y=9)、癸二酸(y=10)、十一烷二酸(y=11)、对苯二甲酸(y=T)和间苯二甲酸(y=I)。
4.前述权利要求中任一项的聚酰胺,特征在于所述聚酰胺为均聚酰胺。
5.前述权利要求中任一项的聚酰胺,特征在于单体Y含有根据标准ASTM D6866确定的可再生来源的有机碳。
6.前述权利要求中任一项的聚酰胺,特征在于其具有式4.9、4.10和4.T。
7.权利要求1~4中任一项的聚酰胺,特征在于其为对应于下列通式的包含至少两种不同单元的共聚酰胺:
4.Y/Z
其中:
4和Y如前述权利要求中任一项所定义的那样,
Z选自得自氨基酸的单元、得自内酰胺的单元和对应于式(Ca二胺).(Cb二酸)的单元,其中a表示二胺的碳原子数和b表示二酸的碳原子数,a和b各自为4~36。
8.权利要求7的聚酰胺,特征在于其为选自具有下式的共聚酰胺的共聚酰胺:4.9/4.T、4.9/4.I、4.10/4.T、4.10/4.I、4.9/4.6、4.10/4.6、4.9/4.12、4.10/4.12、4.9/6、4.10/6、4.9/12、4.10/4.12、4.T/4.6、4.T/4.I、4.T/6.T和4.T/4.12。
9.用于制备前述权利要求中任一项的聚酰胺的方法,包括至少一个使含有根据标准ASTM D6866确定的可再生来源的碳的丁二胺与选自线型脂族二羧酸、脂环族二酸和芳族二酸的二羧酸缩聚的步骤,所述二羧酸含有7~11个碳原子。
10.包含至少一种权利要求1~8中任一项的聚酰胺的组合物。
11.权利要求10的组合物,特征在于其还包含至少一种选自半结晶或无定形聚酰胺、半结晶或无定形共聚酰胺、聚醚酰胺、聚酯酰胺和它们的共混物的第二聚合物。
12.权利要求10或11的组合物,特征在于所述第二聚合物得自根据标准ASTM D6866确定的可再生原材料。
13.权利要求10~12中任一项的组合物,特征在于其还包含至少一种添加剂,所述添加剂优选为根据标准ASTM D6866确定的天然且可再生来源的添加剂,该添加剂选自填料、纤维、染料、稳定剂特别是UV稳定剂、增塑剂、抗冲改性剂、表面活性剂、颜料、增亮剂、抗氧化剂、天然蜡、及它们的混合物。
14.权利要求1~8中任一项的聚酰胺或者权利要求10~13中任一项的组合物在构成单层结构体或多层结构体的至少一个层中的用途。
15.权利要求14的用途,特征在于所述结构体为纤维、膜、管、中空体或注射部件的形式。
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FR0854598 | 2008-07-07 | ||
FR0854598A FR2933414B1 (fr) | 2008-07-07 | 2008-07-07 | Polyamide, composition comprenant un tel polyamide et leurs utilisations |
PCT/FR2009/051325 WO2010004199A2 (fr) | 2008-07-07 | 2009-07-06 | Polyamide, composition comprenant un tel polyamide et leurs utilisations |
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US (1) | US20110189419A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2297226A2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102089353A (zh) |
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US9168719B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2015-10-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Surface treated yarn and fabric with enhanced physical and adhesion properties and the process of making |
US9023452B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2015-05-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Rigid structural and low back face signature ballistic UD/articles and method of making |
US9163335B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2015-10-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | High performance ballistic composites and method of making |
US9023451B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2015-05-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Rigid structure UHMWPE UD and composite and the process of making |
US8845934B2 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2014-09-30 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Compatibilized biopolyamide-poly(arylene ether) thermoplastic resin |
KR101557543B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-10-06 | 제일모직주식회사 | 폴리아미드 수지, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 성형품 |
US10793673B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2020-10-06 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Bioadvantaged nylon: polycondensation of 3-hexenedioic acid with hexamethylenediamine |
CN115612095A (zh) * | 2021-07-15 | 2023-01-17 | 上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司 | 一种耐高温半芳香族共聚酰胺及其制备方法、组合物及成型品 |
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US20110189419A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
WO2010004199A2 (fr) | 2010-01-14 |
FR2933414B1 (fr) | 2010-08-13 |
EP2297226A2 (fr) | 2011-03-23 |
WO2010004199A3 (fr) | 2010-03-18 |
FR2933414A1 (fr) | 2010-01-08 |
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