CN102082296B - 一种阻燃型锂离子电池的电解液 - Google Patents
一种阻燃型锂离子电池的电解液 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 2
- ABDBNWQRPYOPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonofluoridic acid Chemical compound OC(F)=O ABDBNWQRPYOPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical group C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012757 flame retardant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
本发明涉及锂离子电池电解液技术领域,特别涉及一种阻燃型锂离子电池的电解液。该电解液包含:锂盐和有机溶剂,其特征在于:所述的电解液中还加入有以下三种阻燃添加剂:第一种添加剂:氟代碳酸酯;第二种添加剂:氟代苯;第三种添加剂:含氮含氟的有机化合物。本发明采用上述技术方案后,其在现有电解液体系中加入氟代碳酸酯FEC,在一定程度上增大电解液体系的粘度,使其闪点降低;加入电化学性能比较稳定的添加剂氟代苯,在一定程度上能够增加电解液的不燃性,同时也能保证电解液体系的粘度适中;加入含氮含氟的有机化合物,在保证电解液电化学性能的基础上,增加电解液不燃烧性。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及锂离子电池电解液技术领域,特别涉及一种阻燃型锂离子电池的电解液。
【背景技术】
锂离子电池在过度充放电、短路或大电流长时间工作的情况下放出大量热,这些热量成为易燃电解液的安全隐患,可能造成灾难性热击穿,甚至电池的爆炸。因此,安全性问题已经成为锂离子电池市场创新的重要前提,特别是在电动汽车等领域的应用对电池的安全性提出更高、更新的要求。当前动力电池已经开始实现商业化规模,由于各厂家所采用的材料不同,电池也会有很大的区别。但是,无论采用什么正负极材料,使用现有体系的电解液,均存在漏液、易燃、易爆等危险,因此而制约了动力电池的大规模产业化。有人形容说,开着一辆这样的电动车,好比背着几百公斤的炸药包。所以,阻燃电解液的研究开发成为首当其冲需要解决的技术难题。
对于阻燃电解液的研究开发,国内外研究机构、企业都做了大量的工作,主要是通过阻燃添加剂来实现。阻燃添加剂的加入可以使易燃有机电解液变成难燃或不可燃的电解液,降低电池放热值和电池自热率,增加电解液自身的热稳定性,从而避免电池在过热条件下的燃烧或爆炸。研究得比较多的主要是磷系阻燃剂,如常见的TMP(磷酸三甲酯)、TEP(磷酸三乙酯)、TPP(磷酸三苯酯)等。在《电源技术》2007年09期中也刊登有一篇《TEP和TPP用作锂离子蓄电池电解液阻燃剂的研究》。但是,这些磷系阻燃剂的粘度较大,加入电解液后会很大程度上降低电导率,且电化学稳定性差,如TMP会在碳负极表面发生类似于聚碳酸酯的还原分解,造成容量损失、电化学性能下降。就目前的研究结果来看,阻燃添加剂的不稳定性和其自身的其它性能对电池性能会造成一定的负面影响,电池安全性的提高总是以牺牲电池性能为代价,这是大家都不希望的,也因此制约了动力电池的大规模发展。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题就在于克服目前电解液产品中所存在的不足,提供一种阻燃型锂离子电池的电解液。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用了如下的技术方案,该电解液包含:锂盐和有机溶剂,其特征在于:所述的电解液中还加入有以下三种阻燃添加剂:第一种添加剂:氟代碳酸酯;第二种添加剂:氟代苯;第三种添加剂:含氮含氟的有机化合物,其分子结构式如下:
其中,R1和R2基团是氢、氟原子,或者是碳原子数5以内的烷基基团;
R3和R4基团是氢、氟、氯原子,或者是甲基、乙基。
进一步而言,上述技术方案中,所述的氟代碳酸酯在电解液中的含量为1-15%。
进一步而言,上述技术方案中,所述的氟代苯在电解液中的含量为1-5%。
进一步而言,上述技术方案中,所述的含氮含氟有机化合物在电解液中的含量为1-10%。
采用上述技术方案后,本发明在现有电解液体系中加入氟代碳酸酯FEC,在一定程度上增大电解液体系的粘度,使其闪点降低;加入电化学性能比较稳定的添加剂氟代苯,在一定程度上能够增加电解液的不燃性,同时也能保证电解液体系的粘度适中;加入含氮含氟的有机化合物,在保证电解液电化学性能的基础上,增加电解液不燃烧性。
具体实施例
实施例1
在充氩气的手套箱中(H2O<10ppm),将各有机溶剂按比例:碳酸乙烯酯(EC)︰碳酸二甲酯(DMC)︰碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)=1︰1︰1(wt%),锂盐为六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6),其浓度为1M,占总重量的12.5%,添加剂氟代碳酸酯(FEC)的加入量在电解液中的重量比为3%,添加剂氟代苯(FB)加入量在电解液中的重量比为为2%。按上述量依次加入,充分搅拌均匀,然后再加入含氮含氟添加剂CNCH2CHFCH2CH2CN,加入量在电解液中的重量比为3%,继续充分搅拌即得到本发明的锂离子电池电解液。
实施例2
在充氩气的手套箱中(H2O<10ppm),将各有机溶剂按比例EC︰DMC︰EMC=1︰1︰1(wt%),锂盐为六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6),其浓度为1M,占总重量的12.5%,添加剂FEC的加入量在电解液中的重量比为为3%,添加剂FB加入量在电解液中的重量比为为2%。按上述量依次加入,充分搅拌均匀,然后再加入含氮含氟添加剂CNCH2CHFCHFCH2CN,加入量在电解液中的重量比为5%。继续充分搅拌即得到本发明的锂离子电池电解液。
比较例
在充氩气的手套箱中(H2O<10ppm),将各有机溶剂按比例EC︰DMC︰DEC=1︰1︰1(wt%),锂盐为六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6),其浓度为1M,占总重量的12.5%,添加剂FEC的加入量为10%,添加剂FB的加入量为5%,按上述量依次加入,充分搅拌均匀。
结果对比
配制实施例2中的电解液同比较例中的电解液进行阻燃性能的比较,测试电解液的自熄时间
自熄时间(S) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 平均值 |
实施例2 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4.1 |
比较例 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 12.3 | 11.2 | 11.3 |
Claims (4)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃型锂离子电池的电解液,其特征在于:所述的氟代碳酸酯在电解液中的含量为1-15%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃型锂离子电池的电解液,其特征在于:所述的氟代苯在电解液中的含量为1-5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃型锂离子电池的电解液,其特征在于:所述的含氮含氟有机化合物在电解液中的含量为1-10%。
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CN115207353A (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2022-10-18 | 科慕埃弗西有限公司 | 用于减缓锂离子电池燃烧的组合物 |
US11437646B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2022-09-06 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Non-aqueous liquid electrolyte and lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
CN105895953A (zh) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-24 | 何凤英 | 一种用于锂离子电池的阻燃电解液及其制备方法 |
CN107359367A (zh) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-11-17 | 无锡九宇宝新能源科技有限公司 | 一种耐高电压阻燃型锂离子电池电解液及其制备方法 |
CN107994231A (zh) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-05-04 | 北京汉能光伏投资有限公司 | 阻燃添加剂、共溶剂和锂离子电池 |
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EP2230711A1 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2010-09-22 | Bridgestone Corporation | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary power supply comprising the same |
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EP2230711A1 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2010-09-22 | Bridgestone Corporation | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary power supply comprising the same |
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EP3076472A4 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-03-01 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and lithium secondary battery containing same |
US10276894B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2019-04-30 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Non-aqueous liquid electrolyte and lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
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