CN102018148B - Compound feed of adult green crab and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Compound feed of adult green crab and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102018148B
CN102018148B CN2010105959007A CN201010595900A CN102018148B CN 102018148 B CN102018148 B CN 102018148B CN 2010105959007 A CN2010105959007 A CN 2010105959007A CN 201010595900 A CN201010595900 A CN 201010595900A CN 102018148 B CN102018148 B CN 102018148B
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crab
powder
parts
dregs
mixture
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CN102018148A (en
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周歧存
王春琳
杨锐
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Ningbo University
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Ningbo University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention discloses a compound feed of an adult green crab and a preparation method thereof. The compound feed is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of fish meal, 18-25 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of corn protein powder, 5-10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 3-5 parts of beer yeast, 3-5 parts of crab shell powder, 2-4 parts of squid liver powder, 1.5-2 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.5-1 part of cholesterol, 15-25 parts of flour, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin mixture and 0.5-1 part of mineral substance mixture. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the components; hardening and tempering the mixture at certain steam pressure, humidity and temperature; curing the mixture after hardening and tempering at certain temperature, pressure and time; and finally, extruding the mixture into the feed the particle diameter of which is 0.5-3mm, thereby obtaining the compound feed of the adult green crab. The invention has the advantages of improving the digestibility and survival rate of the adult green crab.

Description

A kind of compound feed of adult green crab and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aquaculture feed, especially relate to a kind of compound feed of adult green crab and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
National Scylla paramamosain cultured area is about 500,000 mu according to statistics, and output surpasses 100,000 tons, is the large series products of the 2nd in the seawater famous, special, excellent and new products after prawn, and the Scylla paramamosain cultivation has become a leading industry of Zhejiang Province and even national seawater pond culture.
At present, the adult green crab cultivation adopts the biological feeds such as chilled small fish, shrimp and shellfish (such as clam, mussel) as feed mostly, but biological feed because be difficult to store, nutritional quality is subject to environment and the biological feed kind changes factor affecting such as (kind such as chilled fish are different), thereby cause adult green crab survival rate and feed conversion rate lower, become the Scylla paramamosain cultured output and be difficult to that one of major obstacle than quantum jump is arranged, the problems such as marine environmental pollution that the biological feed of throwing something and feeding simultaneously causes have caused the extensive concern of government department.Therefore, replacing biological feed with man-made feeds fully in the Scylla paramamosain cultivation is an inexorable trend.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of effectively for the adult green crab digestive physiological characteristics, can improve compound feed of adult green crab of adult green crab survival rate and feed conversion rate and preparation method thereof simultaneously.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts: a kind of compound feed of adult green crab is comprised of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 25-30; Dregs of beans 18-25; Corn protein powder 5-10; Fermented bean dregs 5-10; Peanut meal 5-10; Brewer's yeast 3-5; Crab shell powder 3-5; Squid liver powder 2-4; Fish oil 1.5-2; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 3-5; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Flour 15-25; Vitamin mixtures 0.2-0.5; Mineral mixture 0.5-1.
The described vitamin mixtures of every kg consists of: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g, vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VAC 10.0 g, vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g, VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.
The described mineral mixture of every kg consists of: ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g, Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 6H2O 4.07 g, KI 0.03 g, potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
A kind of preparation method of compound feed of adult green crab may further comprise the steps:
(1) all feeds raw material fish meal, dregs of beans, zein, fermented bean dregs, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, crab shell, squid liver, flour, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture were pulverized the 60-80 mesh sieve after, the gained solid constituent is mixed by following parts by weight: fish meal 25-30; Dregs of beans 18-25; Corn protein powder 5-10; Fermented bean dregs 5-10; Peanut meal 5-10; Brewer's yeast 3-5; Crab shell powder 3-5; Squid liver powder 2-4; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Flour 15-25; Vitamin mixtures 0.2-0.5; Mineral mixture 0.5-1;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 1.5-2; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 3-5 and water 25-30 mix again;
(3) be that 0.4-0.5Mpa, humidity are that 18-22%, temperature are modified 160-200 second under the 85-90 ℃ of condition with the mixture of step (2) gained at steam pressure;
(4) mixture with the modified rear gained of step (3) is 130-135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5-3Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed at last the feed that particle diameter is 0.5-3 mm, namely obtains compound feed of adult green crab.
The described vitamin mixtures of every kg consists of: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g, vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VAC 10.0 g, vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g, VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.
The described mineral mixture of every kg consists of: ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g, Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 6H2O 4.07 g, KI 0.03 g, potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: fish meal and squid liver powder have reasonable food calling effect; Adult green crab has preferably digestibility to fish meal, dregs of beans, fermented bean dregs and corn protein powder; Crab shell powder, phosphatide and cholesterol have the effect that promotes the crab shell, in sum:
(1) this mixed feed can satisfy the nutritional need of adult green crab, is conducive to into the crab ramp;
(2) improve the adult green crab digestibility, feed coefficient is lower than 1.5, reduces residual bait, reduces nitrogen, phosphorus drainage;
(3) obviously strengthen the immunity of organisms of adult green crab, improve survival rate;
(4) used raw materials enjoy stable sources, the production technology of the present invention is simple.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of compound feed of adult green crab of the present invention is comprised of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 25-30; Dregs of beans 18-25; Corn protein powder 5-10; Fermented bean dregs 5-10; Peanut meal 5-10; Brewer's yeast 3-5; Crab shell powder 3-5; Squid liver powder 2-4; Fish oil 1.5-2; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 3-5; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Flour 15-25; Vitamin mixtures 0.2-0.5; Mineral mixture 0.5-1, its preparation method may further comprise the steps:
(1) above raw material was pulverized the 60-80 mesh sieve after, the gained solid constituent is mixed by above-mentioned parts by weight;
(2) liquid component of the above-mentioned parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 1.5-2; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 3-5 and water 25-30 mix again;
(3) be that 0.4-0.5Mpa, humidity are that 18-22%, temperature are modified 160-200 second under the 85-90 ℃ of condition with the mixture of step (2) gained at steam pressure;
(4) mixture with the modified rear gained of step (3) is 130-135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5-3Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed at last the feed that particle diameter is 0.5-3 mm, namely obtains compound feed of adult green crab.Specific embodiment is as follows.
Embodiment 1
A kind of compound feed of adult green crab of the present invention, its weight quota proportioning is: fish meal 25, dregs of beans 25, corn protein powder 5, fermented bean dregs 8, peanut meal 5, brewer's yeast 3, crab shell powder 3, squid liver powder 3, fish oil 1.5, soya-bean oil 1.5, soybean lecithin 3, cholesterol 0.5, flour 15, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1.0, wherein vitamin mixtures composition (g/kg pre-mixing agent) is: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g, vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VAC 10.0 g, vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g, VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g; Mineral mixture forms (g/kg premix): ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g, Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 6H2O 4.07 g, KI 0.03 g, potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
The preparation method of compound feed of adult green crab of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) fish meal, dregs of beans, zein, fermented bean dregs, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, crab shell, squid liver, cholesterol, flour, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture were pulverized 80 mesh sieves, then mixed by above-mentioned prescription;
(2) add liquid component by above-mentioned prescription in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin and water 25 mix again;
(3) mixture of step (2) gained is at steam pressure that 0.4Mpa, humidity are 18%, temperature is under 85 ℃ of conditions modified 160 seconds;
(4) mixture with the modified rear gained of step (3) is 135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 3Mpa, and the time is slaking under 90 seconds the condition, is squeezed at last the feed that particle diameter is 0.5 mm, namely obtains compound feed of adult green crab.
Embodiment 2
A kind of compound feed of adult green crab of the present invention, its weight quota proportioning is: fish meal 27.5, dregs of beans 22, corn protein powder 5, fermented bean dregs 7.5, peanut meal 6, brewer's yeast 3, crab shell powder 3, squid liver powder 3, fish oil 1.5, soya-bean oil 1.5, soybean lecithin 3, cholesterol 0.5, flour 15, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1.0, wherein vitamin mixtures composition (g/kg pre-mixing agent) is: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g, vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VAC 10.0 g, vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g, VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g; Mineral mixture forms (g/kg premix): ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g, Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCl 26H 2O 4.07 g, KI 0.03 g, potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18g.
The preparation method of compound feed of adult green crab of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) all feeds raw material fish meal, dregs of beans, zein, fermented bean dregs, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, crab shell, squid liver, cholesterol, flour, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture were pulverized 70 mesh sieves, then mixed by above-mentioned prescription;
(2) add liquid component by above-mentioned prescription in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin and water 28 mix again;
(3) mixture of step (2) gained is at steam pressure that 0.45Mpa, humidity are 20%, temperature is under 87.5 ℃ of conditions modified 180 seconds;
(4) mixture with the modified rear gained of step (3) is 130 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed at last the feed that particle diameter is 1.5mm, namely obtains compound feed of adult green crab.
Embodiment 3
A kind of compound feed of adult green crab of the present invention, its weight quota proportioning is: fish meal 30, dregs of beans 19, corn protein powder 5, fermented bean dregs 7, peanut meal 7, brewer's yeast 3, crab shell powder 3, squid liver powder 3, fish oil 1.5, soya-bean oil 1.5, soybean lecithin 3, cholesterol 0.5, flour 15, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1.0, wherein said vitamin mixtures forms (g/kg pre-mixing agent): vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g, vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VAC 10.0 g, vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g, VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.Described mineral mixture forms (g/kg premix): ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g, Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 6H2O 4.07 g, KI 0.03 g, potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
The preparation method of compound feed of adult green crab of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) all feeds raw material fish meal, dregs of beans, corn protein powder, fermented bean dregs, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, crab shell, squid liver, cholesterol, flour, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture were pulverized 60 mesh sieves, then mixed by above-mentioned prescription;
(2) add liquid component by above-mentioned prescription in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin and water 30 mix again;
(3) mixture of step (2) gained is at steam pressure that 0.5Mpa, humidity are 22%, temperature is under 90 ℃ of conditions modified 200 seconds;
(4) mixture with the modified rear gained of step (3) is 132 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.8Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed at last the feed that particle diameter is 3 mm, namely obtains compound feed of adult green crab.
Each composition weight umber proportioning of each embodiment of table one
Component title (part) Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3
Fish meal 25 27.5 30
Dregs of beans 25 22 19
Corn protein powder 5 5 5
Fermented bean dregs 8 7.5 7
Peanut meal 5 6 7
Brewer's yeast 3 3 3
Crab shell powder 3 3 3
The squid liver powder 3 3 3
Fish oil 1.5 1.5 1.5
Soya-bean oil 1.5 1.5 1.5
Soybean lecithin 3 3 3
Cholesterol 0.5 0.5 0.5
Flour 15 15 15
Vitamin mixtures 0.5 0.5 0.5
Mineral mixture 1.0 1.0 1.0
Contrast test
By 50 processing, 5 repetitions are established in each processing with adult green crab totally 200 (counterpoise 20g), and each breeding barrel is put into 10 of crabs in a suitable place to breed.The feed that each is processed difference feeding biological feed and presses the prescription composition of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, cultivate after 2 months, obtain every group of adult green crab average growth rate, digestibility, feed coefficient, nitrogen, phosphate excretion rate and survival rate, concrete outcome sees Table 2
The result of the test of table two biological feed and each embodiment
? Contrast test Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3
Rate of body weight gain (%) 130.5 152.8 148.5 153.6
Feed coefficient 6.5 1.45 1.49 1.44
Nitrogen, phosphate excretion rate (%) 28.5 20.9 21.3 19.8
Survival rate 65 73 74 73
Annotate: numerical value is the average of 5 repetitions in the table.
From above result as can be known:
(1) this mixed feed can satisfy the nutritional need of adult green crab, compares with the biological feed of throwing something and feeding, and rate of body weight gain improves 10-15%;
(2) compare with the biological feed of throwing something and feeding, the adult green crab digestibility improves 10-15%, and feed coefficient is lower than 1.5; Nitrogen, phosphorus are drained and are reduced more than 10%;
(3) compare with the biological feed of throwing something and feeding, mixed feed of the present invention significantly strengthens the immunity of organisms of adult green crab, and throw something and feed biological feed or the Litopenaeus vannamei compound feed of throwing something and feeding of cultivation survival rate improves 10-20%;
(4) used raw materials enjoy stable sources, the production technology of the present invention is simple, and it is neat, full that edible mixed feed of the present invention can make into the crab shell.

Claims (5)

1. a compound feed of adult green crab is characterized in that being comprised of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 25-30; Dregs of beans 18-25; Corn protein powder 5-10; Fermented bean dregs 5-10; Peanut meal 5-10; Brewer's yeast 3-5; Crab shell powder 3-5; Squid liver powder 2-4; Fish oil 1.5-2; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 3-5; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Flour 15-25; Vitamin mixtures 0.2-0.5; Mineral mixture 0.5-1.
2. a kind of compound feed of adult green crab according to claim 1 is characterized in that being comprised of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 25, dregs of beans 25, corn protein powder 5, fermented bean dregs 8, peanut meal 5, brewer's yeast 3, crab shell powder 3, squid liver powder 3, fish oil 1.5, soya-bean oil 1.5, soybean lecithin 3, cholesterol 0.5, flour 15, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1.0.
3. a kind of compound feed of adult green crab according to claim 1 is characterized in that being comprised of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 27.5, dregs of beans 22, corn protein powder 5, fermented bean dregs 7.5, peanut meal 6, brewer's yeast 3, crab shell powder 3, squid liver powder 3, fish oil 1.5, soya-bean oil 1.5, soybean lecithin 3, cholesterol 0.5, flour 15, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1.0.
4. a kind of compound feed of adult green crab according to claim 1 is characterized in that being comprised of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 30, dregs of beans 19, corn protein powder 5, fermented bean dregs 7, peanut meal 7, brewer's yeast 3, crab shell powder 3, squid liver powder 3, fish oil 1.5, soya-bean oil 1.5, soybean lecithin 3, cholesterol 0.5, flour 15, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1.0.
5. method for preparing compound feed of adult green crab claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) all feeds raw material fish meal, dregs of beans, zein, fermented bean dregs, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, crab shell, squid liver, cholesterol, flour, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture were pulverized the 60-80 mesh sieve after, the gained solid constituent is mixed by following parts by weight: fish meal 25-30; Dregs of beans 18-25; Corn protein powder 5-10; Fermented bean dregs 5-10; Peanut meal 5-10; Brewer's yeast 3-5; Crab shell powder 3-5; Squid liver powder 2-4; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Flour 15-25; Vitamin mixtures 0.2-0.5; Mineral mixture 0.5-1;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 1.5-2; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 3-5 and water 25-30 mix again;
(3) be that 0.4-0.5Mpa, humidity are that 18-22%, temperature are modified 160-200 second under the 85-90 ℃ of condition with the mixture of step (2) gained at steam pressure;
(4) mixture with the modified rear gained of step (3) is 130-135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5-3Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed at last the feed that particle diameter is 0.5-3 mm, namely obtains compound feed of adult green crab.
CN2010105959007A 2010-12-20 2010-12-20 Compound feed of adult green crab and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN102018148B (en)

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CN103960489B (en) * 2014-04-10 2015-12-09 合肥蓝华生物科技有限公司 A kind of fermented bean dregs crab feed and preparation method thereof
CN104738339A (en) * 2015-01-30 2015-07-01 蚌埠市淮景绿湾生态农业有限公司 Aquatic feed capable of improving crab yield
CN104920903A (en) * 2015-07-07 2015-09-23 青岛嘉瑞生物技术有限公司 Crab fodder with added enteromorpha prolifera and Chinese herbal medicine immunopotentiator
CN105519793A (en) * 2015-12-03 2016-04-27 江苏板桥饲料股份有限公司 Crab feed and preparation method thereof
CN107529411B (en) * 2017-09-15 2020-11-27 汕头大学 Compound feed for soft-shell crabs of scylla paramamosain and preparation method thereof
CN108902546A (en) * 2018-06-20 2018-11-30 西南大学 A kind of Eriocheir sinensis fattening feed that can improve crab meat quality
CN109984252A (en) * 2019-04-28 2019-07-09 台州学院 A kind of reasonable mud crab mixed feed
CN110150507A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-08-23 福建农林大学 The mixed feed of Scylla paramamosain industrial circulating water three-dimensional culture

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