CN102038110B - Compound feed of young scylla paramemosain and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound feed of young scylla paramemosain and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102038110B CN102038110B CN201010595818A CN201010595818A CN102038110B CN 102038110 B CN102038110 B CN 102038110B CN 201010595818 A CN201010595818 A CN 201010595818A CN 201010595818 A CN201010595818 A CN 201010595818A CN 102038110 B CN102038110 B CN 102038110B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses compound feed of young scylla paramemosain and a preparation method thereof. The compound feed is characterized in that the compound feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of corn protein powder, 3-5 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3-10 parts of krill powder, 5-7 parts of crab shell powder, 1.5-2.0 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 5-10 parts of granulesten, 0.5-1 part of cholesterol, 10-25 weight parts of flour, 0.2-0.5 weight part of vitamin mixture and 0.5-1 weight part of mineral substance mixture. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: mixing the components; carrying out the quenching and tempering on the mixture under certain vapor pressure, humidity and temperature; curing the mixture after the quenching and the tempering under the conditions that the temperature is 135 DEG C, the pressure is 3MPa, and the time is 90-120 seconds; and finally, extruding into the feed with the particle diameter 0.1-0.5mm. The compound feed provided by the invention has the advantages of enhancing the growth speed and survival rate of the young scylla paramemosain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aquaculture feed, especially relate to a kind of Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
About 500,000 mu of national according to statistics Scylla paramamosain cultured area, output surpasses 100,000 tons, is the big series products of the 2nd in the seawater famous, special, excellent and new products after prawn, and Scylla paramamosain is cultured a leading industry that has become Zhejiang Province and even the breed of national sea pond.
At present; Scylla paramamosain children crab is cultured and adopts the bright small fish of ice, shrimp and shellfish biological feeds such as (like clam, mussels) as feed mostly; But Scylla paramamosain children crab exists alimentary canal to grow imperfection; Physilogical characteristics such as digestive enzyme activity is lower, and biological feed is difficult to store, nutritional quality is subject to environment and the biological feed kind changes factor affecting such as (kind of iciness fresh fish are different), thus cause Scylla paramamosain children's crab survival rate and feed conversion rate lower; Become Scylla paramamosain output and be difficult to that one of major obstacle than quantum jump is arranged, the problems such as marine environmental pollution that biological feed caused of throwing something and feeding have simultaneously caused the extensive concern of government department.Therefore, in Scylla paramamosain is cultured, replacing biological feed with man-made feeds fully is an inexorable trend.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of effectively to Scylla paramamosain children crab alimentary canal growth imperfection; The physilogical characteristics that digestive enzyme activity is lower can improve Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed of Scylla paramamosain children's crab survival rate and feed conversion rate and preparation method thereof simultaneously.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: a kind of Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed is characterized in that being made up of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 30-40; Dregs of beans 10-20; Corn protein powder 5-10; Brewer's yeast 3-5; Krill meal 3-10; Crab shell powder 5-7; Fish oil 1.5-2.0; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 5-10; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Flour 10-25; Vitamin mixtures 0.2-0.5; Mineral mixture 0.5-1.
The described vitamin mixtures of every kg consists of: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g; Vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VA acetate 10.0 g, vitamin D 50 g; Vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g; VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.
The described mineral mixture of every kg consists of: ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g; Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 4.07 g; KI 0.03 g; Potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
A kind of preparation method of Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) fish meal, dregs of beans, corn protein powder, brewer's yeast, krill meal, crab shell powder, flour, vitamin mixtures and mineral mixture were pulverized the 80-100 mesh sieve after, the gained solid constituent is mixed by following parts by weight: fish meal 30-40; Dregs of beans 10-20; Corn protein powder 5-10; Brewer's yeast 3-5; Krill meal 3-10; Crab shell powder 5-7; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Flour 15-25; Vitamin mixtures 0.2-0.5; Mineral mixture 0.5-1;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 1.5-2.0; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 6-9 and water 25-30 mix once more;
(3) be that 0.4-0.5Mpa, humidity are that 18-22%, temperature are modified 160-200 second under 85-90 ℃ the condition with the mixture of step (2) gained at steam pressure;
(4) mixture with the modified back of step (3) gained is 130-135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5-3Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 0.1-0.5 mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed.
The described vitamin mixtures of every kg consists of: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g; Vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VA acetate 10.0 g, vitamin D 50 g; Vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g; VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.
The described mineral mixture of every kg consists of: ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g; Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 4.07 g; KI 0.03 g; Potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: grow imperfection to young crab alimentary canal, physilogical characteristics such as digestive enzyme activity is lower; Select high feedstuff of digestibility such as fish meal, dregs of beans, corn protein powder as protein sources; Simultaneously, the young crabs of easy quilts such as selection krill meal, crab shell powder absorb and have the component of the young crab shell of remarkable promotion, in sum:
(1) this mixed feed can satisfy the nutritional need of Scylla paramamosain children crab, promotes Scylla paramamosain children crab to grow fast;
(2) improve Scylla paramamosain children crab digestibility, feed coefficient is lower than 1.3; Reduce residual bait, reduce nitrogen, phosphorus drainage;
(3) obviously strengthen the immunity of organisms of Scylla paramamosain children crab, improve survival rate;
(4) its raw material source of the present invention is stable, production technology is simple, and edible mixed feed of the present invention makes young crab shell neat, and young crab is full.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of Scylla paramamosain children of the present invention crab mixed feed is made up of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 30-40; Dregs of beans 10-20; Corn protein powder 5-10; Brewer's yeast 3-5; Krill meal 3-10; Crab shell powder 5-7; Fish oil 1.5-2.0; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 5-10; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Flour 10-25; Vitamin mixtures 0.2-0.5; Mineral mixture 0.5-1.Its preparation method comprises the steps:
(1) above-mentioned raw materials was pulverized the 80-100 mesh sieve after, the gained solid constituent is mixed by above-mentioned parts by weight;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 1.5-2.0; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 6-9 and water 25-30 mix once more;
(3) be that 0.4-0.5Mpa, humidity are that 18-22%, temperature are modified 160-200 second under 85-90 ℃ the condition with the mixture of step (2) gained at steam pressure;
(4) mixture with the modified back of step (3) gained is 130-135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5-3Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 0.1-0.5 mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed.Specific embodiment is following.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Scylla paramamosain children of the present invention crab mixed feed, its prescription are formed by weight: fish meal 35; Dregs of beans 20; Corn protein powder 10; Brewer's yeast 3; Krill meal 6; Crab shell powder 5; Fish oil 1.5; Soya-bean oil 1.5; Soybean lecithin 6; Cholesterol 0.5; Flour 10; Vitamin mixtures 0.5; Mineral mixture 1.0, wherein vitamin mixtures composition (g/kg pre-mixing agent) is: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g; Cobalamin 0.1 g, vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VA acetate 10.0 g; Vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g; VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.Mineral mixture is formed (g/kg premix): ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g; Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 4.07 g; KI 0.03 g; Potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
The preparation method of Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1, solid constituents such as fish meal, dregs of beans, corn protein powder, brewer's yeast, krill meal, crab shell powder, cholesterol, flour, vitamin mixtures and mineral mixture was pulverized 100 mesh sieves, mixed by above-mentioned prescription then;
2, in the mixture of step 1 gained, add liquid component by above-mentioned formulation by weight: fish oil, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin and water 30 mix once more;
3, with the mixture of step 2 gained be at steam pressure that 0.4Mpa, humidity are 18%, temperature is under 85 ℃ the condition modified 160 seconds;
4, the mixture with the modified back of step 3 gained is 135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 3Mpa, and the time is slaking under 90 seconds the condition, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 0.1mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Scylla paramamosain children of the present invention crab mixed feed, its prescription are formed by weight: fish meal 35; Dregs of beans 17; Corn protein powder 8; Brewer's yeast 3; Krill meal 6; Crab shell powder 5; Fish oil 1.5; Soya-bean oil 1.5; Soybean lecithin 6; Cholesterol 0.5; Flour 15; Vitamin mixtures 0.5; Mineral mixture 1.0, wherein vitamin mixtures composition (g/kg pre-mixing agent) is: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g; Cobalamin 0.1 g, vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VA acetate 10.0 g; Vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g; VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.Mineral mixture is formed (g/kg premix): ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g; Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 4.07 g; KI 0.03 g; Potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
The preparation method of Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1, fish meal, dregs of beans, corn protein powder, brewer's yeast, krill meal, crab shell powder, cholesterol, flour, vitamin mixtures and mineral mixture were pulverized 100 mesh sieves, mixed by above-mentioned prescription then;
2, in the mixture of step 1 gained, adding liquid component fish oil, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin and water 25 by above-mentioned formulation by weight mixes once more;
3, with the mixture of step 2 gained be at steam pressure that 0.45Mpa, humidity are 20%, temperature is under 87 ℃ the condition modified 180 seconds;
4, the mixture with the modified back of step 3 gained is 130 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5Mpa, and the time is slaking under 105 seconds the condition, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 0.3mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Scylla paramamosain children of the present invention crab mixed feed, its prescription are formed by weight: fish meal 40; Dregs of beans 14; Corn protein powder 6; Brewer's yeast 3; Krill meal 6; Crab shell powder 5; Fish oil 1.5; Soya-bean oil 1.5; Soybean lecithin 6; Cholesterol 0.5; Flour 15; Vitamin mixtures 0.5; Mineral mixture 1, wherein vitamin mixtures composition (g/kg pre-mixing agent) is: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g; Cobalamin 0.1 g, vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VA acetate 10.0 g; Vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g; VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.Mineral mixture is formed (g/kg premix): ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g; Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 4.07 g; KI 0.03 g; Potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
The preparation method of Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1, fish meal, dregs of beans, corn protein powder, brewer's yeast, krill meal, crab shell powder, cholesterol, flour, vitamin mixtures and mineral mixture were pulverized 100 mesh sieves, mixed by above-mentioned prescription then;
2, in the mixture of step 1 gained, adding liquid component fish oil, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin and water 28 by above-mentioned prescription mixes once more;
3, with the mixture of step 2 gained be at steam pressure that 0.5Mpa, humidity are 22%, temperature is under 90 ℃ the condition modified 200 seconds;
4, the mixture with the modified back of step 3 gained is 132 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.8Mpa, and the time is slaking under 120 seconds the condition, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 0.5mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed.
Each composition weight share proportioning of each embodiment of table one
| Component title (part) | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Fish meal | 30 | 35 | 40 |
| Dregs of beans | 20 | 17 | 14 |
| Corn protein powder | 10 | 8 | 6 |
| Brewer's yeast | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Krill meal | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Crab shell powder | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Fish oil | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Soya-bean oil | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Soybean lecithin | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Cholesterol | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Flour | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Vitamin mixtures | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Mineral mixture | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Contrast test
By 50 processing, 5 repetitions are established in each processing with Scylla paramamosain children crab totally 200 (counterpoise 0.5g), and each is cultured bucket and puts 10 of young crabs in a suitable place to breed.The feed that each is handled difference feeding biological feed and presses the prescription composition of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 was cultured after 2 months, obtained every group of Scylla paramamosain children crab average growth rate, digestibility, feed coefficient and survival rate, and concrete outcome is seen table 2
The result of the test of table two biological feed and each embodiment
| ? | Contrast test | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Rate of body weight gain | 230 | 289 | 294 | 281 |
| The dry digestibility | 67 | 78 | 80 | 81 |
| Feed coefficient | 6.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Survival rate | 83 | 90 | 91 | 91 |
Can know from above result:
(1) this mixed feed can satisfy the nutritional need of Scylla paramamosain children crab, promotes Scylla paramamosain children crab to grow fast, compares with the biological feed of throwing something and feeding, and rate of body weight gain improves 10-20%;
(2) compare with the biological feed of throwing something and feeding, Scylla paramamosain children crab digestibility improves 10%, and feed coefficient is lower than 1.3; Nitrogen, phosphorus are drained and are reduced more than 15%;
(3) compare with the biological feed of throwing something and feeding, mixed feed of the present invention significantly strengthens the immunity of organisms of Scylla paramamosain children crab, and survival rate improves 10-15%;
(4) its raw material source of the present invention is stable, production technology is simple, and edible mixed feed of the present invention can make young crab shell neat, and young crab is full.
Claims (5)
1. a Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed is characterized in that being made up of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 30-40; Dregs of beans 10-20; Corn protein powder 5-10; Brewer's yeast 3-5; Krill meal 3-10; Crab shell powder 5-7; Fish oil 1.5-2.0; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 5-10; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Flour 10-25; Vitamin mixtures 0.2-0.5; Mineral mixture 0.5-1.
2. a kind of Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that being made up of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 35; Dregs of beans 20; Corn protein powder 10; Brewer's yeast 3; Krill meal 6; Crab shell powder 5; Fish oil 1.5; Soya-bean oil 1.5; Soybean lecithin 6; Cholesterol 0.5; Flour 10; Vitamin mixtures 0.5; Mineral mixture 1.0.
3. a kind of Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that being made up of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 35; Dregs of beans 17; Corn protein powder 8; Brewer's yeast 3; Krill meal 6; Crab shell powder 5; Fish oil 1.5; Soya-bean oil 1.5; Soybean lecithin 6; Cholesterol 0.5; Flour 15; Vitamin mixtures 0.5; Mineral mixture 1.0.
4. a kind of Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that being made up of by following parts by weight following component: fish meal 40; Dregs of beans 14; Corn protein powder 6; Brewer's yeast 3; Krill meal 6; Crab shell powder 5; Fish oil 1.5; Soya-bean oil 1.5; Soybean lecithin 6; Cholesterol 0.5; Flour 15; Vitamin mixtures 0.5; Mineral mixture 1.
5. method for preparing the described Scylla paramamosain of claim 1 children crab mixed feed is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) fish meal, dregs of beans, zein, brewer's yeast, krill meal, crab shell, flour, vitamin mixtures and mineral mixture were pulverized the 80-100 mesh sieve after, the gained solid constituent is mixed by following parts by weight: fish meal 30-40; Dregs of beans 10-20; Corn protein powder 5-10; Brewer's yeast 3-5; Krill meal 3-10; Crab shell powder 5-7; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Flour 15-25; Vitamin mixtures 0.2-0.5; Mineral mixture 0.5-1;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 1.5-2.0; Soya-bean oil 1-2; Soybean lecithin 6-9 and water 25-30 mix once more;
(3) be that 0.4-0.5Mpa, humidity are that 18-22%, temperature are modified 160-200 second under 85-90 ℃ the condition with the mixture of step (2) gained at steam pressure;
(4) mixture with the modified back of step (3) gained is 130-135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5-3Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 0.1-0.5 mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain children crab mixed feed.
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| CN104187076A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-10 | 奉化益珍海藻科技有限公司 | Formula and processing technology for preparing soft particle baits of scylla serrata |
| CN105360599A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-02 | 苏州蟹家族生态农业有限公司 | Feed for raising pet crabs at juvenile crab period and production method of feed |
| CN107212193A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-29 | 句容市恒馨米业有限公司 | A kind of additive for improving paddy field aquaculture cray immunity and preparation method thereof |
| CN107529411B (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2020-11-27 | 汕头大学 | Compound feed for soft-shell crabs of scylla paramamosain and preparation method thereof |
| CN107616298A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-23 | 明光市永言水产食品有限公司 | One kind improves young crab survival rate nutrient fodder |
| CN108902546A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-30 | 西南大学 | A kind of Eriocheir sinensis fattening feed that can improve crab meat quality |
| CN109984252A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-09 | 台州学院 | A kind of reasonable mud crab mixed feed |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1579204A (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-02-16 | 宁波市水产研究所 | Portunid compound feed of intensitying crab paste quality |
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| CN1579204A (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-02-16 | 宁波市水产研究所 | Portunid compound feed of intensitying crab paste quality |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 冒叔泉等.河蟹营养需求研究的最新进展.《齐鲁渔业》.2008,第25卷(第5期),21-24. * |
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