CN102090534B - Parent scylla paramamosain compound feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Parent scylla paramamosain compound feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102090534B CN102090534B CN2010105958682A CN201010595868A CN102090534B CN 102090534 B CN102090534 B CN 102090534B CN 2010105958682 A CN2010105958682 A CN 2010105958682A CN 201010595868 A CN201010595868 A CN 201010595868A CN 102090534 B CN102090534 B CN 102090534B
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- scylla paramamosain
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a parent scylla paramamosain compound feed and a preparation method thereof. The compound feed is characterized by containing the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of fish meal, 20-25 parts of sleeve-fish meat meal, 5-10 parts of krill meal, 3-5 parts of clam worm meal, 15-20 parts of bean pulp, 2-3 parts of fish oil, 3-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 15-20 parts of flour, 0.5-1 part of cholesterol, 0.5-1.0 part of vitamin mixture and 0.5-1.0 part of mineral mixture. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: mixing the components; quenching and tempering the mixture under a certain steam pressure and at a certain humidity and temperature; and curing the quenched and tempered mixture at a certain temperature under a certain pressure for a certain period of time, and extruding the mixture into a feed with the particle size between 3 millimeters and 4 millimeters to obtain the parent scylla paramamosain compound feed. The feed has the advantages of meeting the requirements on overwintering cultivation and nutrition needed in a gonadotropin development period of parent scylla paramamosain, remarkably increasing the egg laying amount and the fertilized egg hatching rate of parent scylla paramamosain, enhancing the resistance of the parent scylla paramamosain to pathogenic microorganisms, and lowering the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aquaculture feed, especially relate to a kind of Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
About 500,000 mu of national according to statistics Scylla paramamosain cultured area, output surpasses 100,000 tons, is the big series products of the 2nd in the seawater famous, special, excellent and new products after prawn, and Scylla paramamosain is cultured a leading industry that has become Zhejiang Province and even the breed of national sea pond.
At present; Scylla paramamosain parent crab is cultivated ice fresh fish, shrimp, shellfish, the annelid biological feeds such as (like clam worms) of using more; But biological feed owing to be difficult to stores, nutritional quality is subject to environment and the biological feed kind changes the influence of factors such as (kind of iciness fresh fish are different); Thereby cause Scylla paramamosain parent crab bosom ovum rate, rate of fertilization and incubation rate lower; Become Scylla paramamosain seed quality and output and be difficult to that bigger breakthrough is arranged, the problems such as marine environmental pollution that biological feed caused of throwing something and feeding have simultaneously caused the extensive concern of government department.Therefore, in Scylla paramamosain parent crab cultivating process, partially or completely replacing biological feed with man-made feeds is an inexorable trend.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides and a kind ofly can significantly promote close crab gonad maturity, improves Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed of mud crab parent crab bosom, cave ovum rate, rate of fertilization and incubation rate and preparation method thereof.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: a kind of Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed, form by following component and parts by weight: fish meal 30-35; Squid digested tankage 20-25; Krill meal 5-10; Clam worm powder 3-5; Dregs of beans 15-20; Fish oil 2-3; Soybean lecithin 3-5; Flour 15-20; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Vitamin mixtures 0.5-1.0; Mineral mixture 0.5-1.0.
The described vitamin mixtures of every kg consists of: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g; Vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VA acetate 10.0 g, vitamin D 50 g; Vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g; VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.
The described mineral mixture of every kg consists of: ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g; Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 4.07 g; KI 0.03 g; Potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
A kind of preparation method of Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed may further comprise the steps:
(1) each feedstuff fish meal, squid meat, krill meal, clam worm powder, dregs of beans, flour, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture were pulverized the 60-80 mesh sieve, the gained solid constituent was mixed by following parts by weight: fish meal 30-35; Squid digested tankage 20-25; Krill meal 5-10; Clam worm powder 3-5; Dregs of beans 15-20; Flour 15-25; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Vitamin mixtures 0.5-1.0; Mineral mixture 0.5-1.0;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 2-3; Soybean lecithin 3-5 and water 25-30 mix once more;
(3) be that 0.4-0.5Mpa, humidity are that 18-22%, temperature are modified 160-200 second under 85-90 ℃ the condition with the mixture of step (2) gained at steam pressure;
(4) mixture with the modified back of step (3) gained is 130-135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5-3Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 3-4mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed.
The described vitamin mixtures of every kg consists of: vitamin B1 25.50 g, vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g; Vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VA acetate 10.0 g, vitamin D 50 g; Vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g, VB7 25.0 g; VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.
The described mineral mixture of every kg consists of: ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g; Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 4.07 g; KI 0.03 g; Potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) this mixed feed has increased squid digested tankage, krill meal, clam worm powder and can satisfy Scylla paramamosain parent crab overwintering culture and the nutritional need of short gonad development phase, significantly improves close crab egg laying amount, hatchability of fertile eggs;
(2) this mixed feed significantly improves the resistance of close crab to pathogenic microorganism, reduces residual bait, reduces nitrogen, phosphorus drainage;
(3) its raw material source of the present invention is stable, production technology is simple.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of Scylla paramamosain parent of the present invention crab mixed feed is made up of following component and parts by weight: fish meal 30-35; Squid digested tankage 20-25; Krill meal 5-10; Clam worm powder 3-5; Dregs of beans 15-20; Fish oil 2-3; Soybean lecithin 3-5; Flour 15-20; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Vitamin mixtures 0.5-1.0; Mineral mixture 0.5-1.0, its preparation method may further comprise the steps:
(1) each feedstuff was pulverized 80 mesh sieves, the gained solid constituent was mixed by above-mentioned parts by weight;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 2-3; Soybean lecithin 3-5 and water 25-30 mix once more;
(3) be that 0.4-0.5Mpa, humidity are that 18-22%, temperature are modified 160-200 second under 85-90 ℃ the condition with the mixture of step (2) gained at steam pressure;
(4) mixture with the modified back of step (3) gained is 130-135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5-3Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 3-4mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed.Specific embodiment is following.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Scylla paramamosain parent of the present invention crab mixed feed, form by following component and parts by weight: fish meal 30, squid digested tankage 25, krill meal 5, clam worm powder 3, dregs of beans 15, fish oil 3, soybean lecithin 4, flour 13, cholesterol 0.5, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1.0, wherein vitamin mixtures composition (g/kg pre-mixing agent) is: vitamin B1 25.50 g; Vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g; Vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VA acetate 10.0 g; Vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g; VB7 25.0 g; VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g; Mineral mixture is formed (g/kg premix): ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g; Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 4.07 g; KI 0.03 g; Potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
The preparation method of Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) each feedstuff was pulverized 80 mesh sieves, the gained solid constituent was mixed by following parts by weight: fish meal 30, squid digested tankage 25, krill meal 5, clam worm powder 3, dregs of beans 15, flour 13, cholesterol 0.5, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1.0;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 3, soybean lecithin 4 and water 25 mix once more;
(3) with the mixture of step (2) gained be at steam pressure that 0.4Mpa, humidity are 18%, temperature is under 85 ℃ the condition modified 160 seconds;
(4) mixture with the modified back of step (3) gained is 135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 3Mpa, and the time is slaking under 90 seconds the condition, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 3mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Scylla paramamosain parent of the present invention crab mixed feed, be made up of following component and parts by weight: fish meal 33, squid digested tankage 23, krill meal 5, clam worm powder 5, dregs of beans 12, fish oil 3, soybean lecithin 4, flour 13, cholesterol 0.5, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1.0, wherein said vitamin mixtures are formed (g/kg pre-mixing agent) and are: vitamin B1 25.50 g; Vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g; Vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VA acetate 10.0 g; Vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g; VB7 25.0 g; VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g.Described mineral mixture is formed (g/kg premix): ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g; Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 4.07 g; KI 0.03 g; Potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
The preparation method of Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) each feedstuff was pulverized 60 mesh sieves, the gained solid constituent was mixed by following parts by weight: fish meal 33, squid digested tankage 23, krill meal 5, clam worm powder 5, dregs of beans 12, flour 13, cholesterol 0.5, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1.0;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 3.0, soybean lecithin 4 and water 28 mix once more;
(3) with the mixture of step (2) gained be at steam pressure that 0.45Mpa, humidity are 20%, temperature is under 88 ℃ the condition modified 180 seconds;
(4) mixture with the modified back of step (3) gained is 130 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5Mpa, and the time is slaking under 105 seconds the condition, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 3.5mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Scylla paramamosain parent of the present invention crab mixed feed, form by following component and parts by weight: fish meal 35, squid digested tankage 20, krill meal 5, clam worm powder 5, dregs of beans 13, fish oil 3, soybean lecithin 4, flour 13, cholesterol 0.5, vitamin mixtures 0.5 and mineral mixture 1.0, wherein vitamin mixtures composition (g/kg pre-mixing agent) is: vitamin B1 25.50 g; Vitamin B2 25.0 g, vitamin B6 50.0 g, cobalamin 0.1 g; Vitamin K 5.0 g, vitamin E 99.0 g, VA acetate 10.0 g; Vitamin D 50 g, vitamin B5 101.0 g, vitamin B3 61.0 g; VB7 25.0 g; VB11 6.25 g, inositol 153.06 g, cornstarch 383.44 g; Mineral mixture is formed (g/kg premix): ironic citrate 13.71 g, Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g; Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43 g, Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCL2 4.07 g; KI 0.03 g; Potassium chloride 15.325 g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18 g.
The preparation method of Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) each feedstuff was pulverized 70 mesh sieves, the gained solid constituent was mixed by following parts by weight: fish meal 35, squid digested tankage 20, krill meal 5, clam worm powder 5, dregs of beans 13, flour 13, cholesterol 0.5, vitamin mixtures 0.5 and mineral mixture 1.0;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 3, soybean lecithin 4 and water 30 mix once more;
(3) with the mixture of step (2) gained be at steam pressure that 0.5Mpa, humidity are 22%, temperature is under 90 ℃ the condition modified 200 seconds;
(4) mixture with the modified back of step (3) gained is 132 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.8Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 4mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed.
Each composition weight share proportioning of each embodiment of table one
Component title (part) | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
Fish meal | 30 | 33 | 35 |
The squid digested tankage | 25 | 23 | 20 |
Krill meal | 5 | 5 | 5 |
The clam worm powder | 3 | 5 | 5 |
Dregs of beans | 15 | 12 | 13 |
Fish oil | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Soybean lecithin | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Flour | 13 | 13 | 13 |
Cholesterol | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Vitamin mixtures | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Mineral mixture | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Contrast test
By 50 processing, 5 repetitions are established in each processing with Scylla paramamosain parent crab totally 200 (counterpoise 100g), and each is cultured bucket and puts 10 of close crabs in a suitable place to breed.The feed that each is handled difference feeding biological feed and presses the prescription composition of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 was cultured after 2 months, obtained every group of average spawning rate of Scylla paramamosain parent crab, rate of fertilization, incubation rate and survival rate, and concrete outcome is seen table 2
The result of the test of table two biological feed and each embodiment
? | Contrast test | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
Spawning rate (%) | 65 | 78 | 77 | 76 |
Rate of fertilization (%) | 78 | 85 | 86 | 84 |
Incubation rate (%) | 60 | 75 | 75 | 76 |
Survival rate (%) | 55 | 67 | 68 | 68 |
Can know from above result:
(1) this mixed feed can satisfy Scylla paramamosain parent crab overwintering culture and the nutritional need of short gonad development phase; Compare with the biological feed of throwing something and feeding, close crab spawning rate raising 10%, the rate of fertilization that mixed feed of the present invention is cultured improves 10-15%, incubation rate improves more than the 10-15%;
(2) compare with the biological feed of throwing something and feeding, mixed feed of the present invention significantly improves the resistance of close crab to pathogenic microorganism, and close crab survival rate improves 10%;
(3) its raw material source of the present invention is stable, production technology is simple.
Claims (6)
1. a Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed is characterized in that being made up of following component and parts by weight: fish meal 30-35; Squid digested tankage 20-25; Krill meal 5-10; Clam worm powder 3-5; Dregs of beans 15-20; Fish oil 2-3; Soybean lecithin 3-5; Flour 15-20; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Vitamin mixtures 0.5-1.0; Mineral mixture 0.5-1.0.
2. a kind of Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described vitamin mixtures of every kg consists of: vitamin B1 25.50g, vitamin B2 25.0g, vitamin B6 50.0g; Cobalamin 0.1g, vitamin K 5.0g, vitamin E 99.0g, VA acetate 10.0g; Vitamin D 50g, vitamin B5 101.0g, vitamin B3 61.0g, VB7 25.0g; VB11 6.25g, inositol 153.06g, cornstarch 383.44g.
3. a kind of Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the described mineral mixture of every kg consists of: ironic citrate 13.71g; Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g, Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43g; Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCl
26H
2O 4.07g, KI 0.03g, potassium chloride 15.325g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18g.
4. method for preparing the described Scylla paramamosain of claim 1 parent crab mixed feed is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) each feedstuff fish meal, squid meat, krill meal, clam worm powder, dregs of beans, flour, vitamin mixtures, mineral mixture were pulverized the 60-80 mesh sieve, the gained solid constituent was mixed by following parts by weight: fish meal 30-35; Squid digested tankage 20-25; Krill meal 5-10; Clam worm powder 3-5; Dregs of beans 15-20; Flour 15-25; Cholesterol 0.5-1; Vitamin mixtures 0.5-1.0; Mineral mixture 0.5-1.0;
(2) liquid component of the following parts by weight of interpolation in the mixture of step (1) gained: fish oil 2-3; Soybean lecithin 3-5 and water 25-30 mix once more;
(3) be that 0.4-0.5Mpa, humidity are that 18-22%, temperature are modified 160-200 second under 85-90 ℃ the condition with the mixture of step (2) gained at steam pressure;
(4) mixture with the modified back of step (3) gained is 130-135 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is 2.5-3Mpa, and the time is slaking under the 90-120 condition of second, is squeezed into the feed that particle diameter is 3-4mm at last, promptly obtains Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed.
5. the preparation method of a kind of Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed according to claim 4 is characterized in that the described vitamin mixtures of every kg consists of: vitamin B1 25.50g, vitamin B2 25.0g; Vitamin B6 50.0g, cobalamin 0.1g, vitamin K 5.0g; Vitamin E 99.0g, VA acetate 10.0g, vitamin D 50g; Vitamin B5 101.0g, vitamin B3 61.0g, VB7 25.0g; VB11 6.25g, inositol 153.06g, cornstarch 383.44g.
6. the preparation method of a kind of Scylla paramamosain parent crab mixed feed according to claim 4; It is characterized in that the described mineral mixture of every kg consists of: ironic citrate 13.71g; Zinc vitriol 28.28g, bitter salt 0.12g, Manganous sulfate monohydrate 12.43g; Salzburg vitriol 19.84g, CoCl
26H
2O 4.07g, KI 0.03g, potassium chloride 15.325g, sodium selenite 0.02g, zeolite powder 906.18g.
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CN104351085A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-02-18 | 颍上县润海畜禽养殖有限公司 | Breeding method of river crabs |
CN105724829A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-07-06 | 深圳市澳华农牧有限公司 | Nutrient enrichment feed before overwintering of juvenile crabs of river crabs cultured in pond and using method thereof |
CN107529411B (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2020-11-27 | 汕头大学 | Compound feed for soft-shell crabs of scylla paramamosain and preparation method thereof |
CN111406849A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2020-07-14 | 澄迈盛虾林农业科技有限公司 | Parent lobster feed for Australia freshwater lobsters and preparation method thereof |
CN110150507A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-23 | 福建农林大学 | The mixed feed of Scylla paramamosain industrial circulating water three-dimensional culture |
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