CN105724829A - Nutrient enrichment feed before overwintering of juvenile crabs of river crabs cultured in pond and using method thereof - Google Patents
Nutrient enrichment feed before overwintering of juvenile crabs of river crabs cultured in pond and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105724829A CN105724829A CN201610103280.8A CN201610103280A CN105724829A CN 105724829 A CN105724829 A CN 105724829A CN 201610103280 A CN201610103280 A CN 201610103280A CN 105724829 A CN105724829 A CN 105724829A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to nutrient enrichment feed before overwintering of juvenile crabs of river crabs cultured in a pond. The nutrient enrichment feed is prepared from, by weight, 5-7% of imported steam brown fishmeal, 12-15% of soybean meal, 5-8% peanut meal, 15-20% of rapeseed meal, 25-30% of wheat middling, 3% of beer yeast powder, 7% of cottonseed meal, 1.5-2.5% of soybean lecithin oil, 2-3% of refined fish oil, 3-4% of lard oil or palm oil, 0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-0.8% of choline chloride, 0.3-0.5% of decavitamin and 0.8-1.2% of composite mineral substance. The diameter of the feed is 1.8-2.0 millimeters, and the length is 3.5-4 millimeters. The dissolve-loss ratio for soaking the feed into water of the temperature of 20 DEG C for two hours is smaller than 10%, and the feed does not collapse after being soaked for 3 hours. The invention further discloses a using method of the feed. By preparing the special nutrient enrichment feed before overwintering of the juvenile crabs, carrying out scientific throwing, and regulating the total fat content, the total protein content, the content and the proportion of high unsaturated fatty acid and the content of key vitamins in the feed, the cold resistance in the overwintering process of the juvenile crabs can be remarkably improved, the overwintering survival rate can be remarkably increased, and anti-stress performance and immune performance of the juvenile crabs are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nutrient enrichment fodder before a kind of Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter and using method thereof, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Eriocheir sinensis is called for short crab (being the most all called for short crab), is China's most important cultivated crabs class, and within 2014, the whole nation becomes Eriocheir sinensis cultured output to be up to about 800,000 tons, annual value of production more than 50,000,000,000 yuan.The pond culture process of crab is generally divided into 2 years, and megalops larva is cultivated into button Eriocheir sinensis Eriocheir sinensis kind (general body weight 3-10 gram) by First Year, and the usual cultivation density of First Year is higher, puts ten thousand megalops larvas of 10-20 in a suitable place to breed for every mu, finally cultivates 1-4 ten thousand and detains Eriocheir sinensis；Button Eriocheir sinensis Eriocheir sinensis kind is cultivated the one-tenth Eriocheir sinensis (general body weight is at 100-200 gram) being mature on the whole to gonad development by Second Year, becomes Eriocheir sinensis to cultivate usual breeding density relatively low, generally puts 700-1500 in a suitable place to breed for every mu and only detain Eriocheir sinensis, finally cultivate 400-1000 commodity and become Eriocheir sinensis.
Due to the division of labor based on specialization of culture of Chinese mitten crab industry, button Eriocheir sinensis and becomes Eriocheir sinensis cultivation generally to be undertaken by difference enterprises or peasant household, detain Eriocheir sinensis and be generally front and back put into in Eriocheir sinensis cultivating pool surviving the winter.During button Eriocheir sinensis pond culture, when the same day, average temperature was less than 20 degree (before surviving the winter, after East China is typically October 1), the most less shell and growth, but still can ingest, therefore many button Eriocheir sinensis culturists are in order to save feed cost, and before surviving the winter, little give-commission Eriocheir sinensis is thrown something and fed, or the feedstuff that only throw something and feed Semen Tritici aestivi, wheat bran etc. are cheap, it is not enough that this directly results in the nutrient accumulation detaining in Eriocheir sinensis body before surviving the winter.Do not ingest under conditions of average temperature is less than 10 degree owing to detaining Eriocheir sinensis, the period not hibernation but button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter, still can detain the energy expenditure during Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter with crawling movement etc., be mainly derived from the nutrient substance stored in hepatopancrease before button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter；Button Eriocheir sinensis overwintering in outdoor ponds would generally be faced with low temperature stress, and this is easily caused button Eriocheir sinensis mortality, the economic benefit of impact button Eriocheir sinensis cultivation.Additionally, become the first time shell survival rate in Eriocheir sinensis breeding process and rate of body weight gain generally to have much relations with button Eriocheir sinensis Eriocheir sinensis kind nutriture, endotrophic accumulates less Eriocheir sinensis kind, and the mortality rate becoming Eriocheir sinensis shell for the first time is high, and at the bottom of rate of body weight gain；The Eriocheir sinensis kind that endotrophic accumulation is more, even if one-tenth Eriocheir sinensis cultivation is not thrown something and fed in early days, feedstuff also can smoothly complete shell for the first time.Some detains Eriocheir sinensis culturist, for improving survival rate and the Eriocheir sinensis kind quality that button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter, generally throw something and feed in a large number before surviving the winter the frost high protein bait such as trash fish, this improves the overwintering survival rate of button Eriocheir sinensis to a certain extent, but there is easy polluted water, carry pathogenic bacterium, source instability, bait high in cost of production shortcoming in these bait, is unfavorable for the sustainable health development of culture of Chinese mitten crab industry.Therefore, research and development button Eriocheir sinensis survive the winter before special purpose nutrition-strengthening feedstuff and feeding technology, that can improve button Eriocheir sinensis overwintering survival rate and Second Year becomes Eriocheir sinensis culture efficiency, and this has great importance for the sound development of culture of Chinese mitten crab industry.
The most no longer shell and growth before surviving the winter due to button Eriocheir sinensis, therefore the nutrient enrichment fodder before button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter need not the highest protein content；Actually button Eriocheir sinensis needs to store in hepatopancrease a large amount of lipid energy source as period of surviving the winter before surviving the winter, accumulation lipid and vitamin material are used for surviving the winter cold-resistant and anti-stress etc. the most in vivo.Therefore, the feedstuff detaining the nutrient enrichment fodder before Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter and growth stage differs greatly on formula and nutrition parameters, particularly fat and vitamin aspect.The previous research of inventor shows, in button Eriocheir sinensis feedstuff, suitable EPA (22:6n3) and DHA (20:5n3) content and DHA/EPA ratio can improve mobility and the oxidation resistance buckleing Eriocheir sinensis cell membrane, thus improve the cold tolerance of button Eriocheir sinensis, suitably ARA(20:4n6 in button Eriocheir sinensis body) content and EPA/ARA ratio can improve button Eriocheir sinensis and survive the winter the vigor of period, and anti-clamping Eriocheir sinensis is stolen dead winter.Additionally, properly increase vitamin A, E and carotenoid equal size in button Eriocheir sinensis feedstuff, interior free yl can be removed, strengthen anti peroxidation of lipid ability, thus improve cold-hartliness and the premunition of Eriocheir sinensis class；In feedstuff, vitamin B1 and C are water miscible, can improve animal adaptation ability in low temperature environment, thus Eriocheir sinensis kind is fished for and the anti-stress ability in transportation and immunity, thus improve Eriocheir sinensis kind cold-resistant with become Eriocheir sinensis culture efficiency.Additionally, the scientifical use method of nutrient enrichment fodder is the most particularly significant before surviving the winter, opportunity of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume, fortification time etc., the using effect of feedstuff, bait cost and Eriocheir sinensis kind quality all can be affected.
Up to now, the special feed of fortification before the most not yet discovery Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter.Given this, inventor is on the basis of carrying out crab nutrition physiology and cultural technique research and development for many years, by repeatedly studying and verifying, successfully invent the nutrient enrichment fodder before a kind of pond culture button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter, determine and optimize its using method, by carrying out the fortification of 30-40 days to detaining Eriocheir sinensis before surviving the winter so that its overwintering survival rate and the first time shell survival rate during becoming Eriocheir sinensis to cultivate reach 90% and more than 85% respectively, substantially increase and detain Eriocheir sinensis quality.
The innovative point of patent of the present invention mainly has four: one, according to the button nutritional need of Eriocheir sinensis, the environmental condition survived the winter and Nutrition and Metabolism, reduces the protein content in button Eriocheir sinensis overwintering feed, improves part lipid and vitamin content, can reduce the formulation cost of button Eriocheir sinensis feedstuff；Two, by improving the fat and energy level detaining nutrient enrichment fodder before Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter, improve the hepatopancreatic cell before button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter and the fat content in hepatopancrease, thus improve the energy level in button Eriocheir sinensis body and overwintering survival rate；Three, regulated and controled by the fatty acid in feedstuff and vitamin, improve and improve the content of highly unsaturated fatty acids in button Eriocheir sinensis muscle and tissue and ratio and vitamin content, thus improve cold tolerance, anti-stress ability and the immune performance that button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter；Four, nutrient enrichment fodder before being survived the winter by reasonable employment button Eriocheir sinensis, is possible not only to improve button Eriocheir sinensis overwintering survival rate and form effect, and can reduce bait cost, improve the economic benefit of culture of Chinese mitten crab.
Summary of the invention
Patent of the present invention is for lacking fortification special feed of surviving the winter, the present situation of Eriocheir sinensis kind overwintering survival rate instability in crab button Eriocheir sinensis breeding process, fortification special feed and using method before being survived the winter by research and development button Eriocheir sinensis, improve button Eriocheir sinensis overwintering survival rate and Eriocheir sinensis kind quality, particularly become the first time shell survival rate during Eriocheir sinensis cultivation and rate of body weight gain.First purpose of the present invention is, on the basis of the nutritional need in further investigation crab button Eriocheir sinensis stage, the environmental condition (low temperature stress and seldom ingest) survived the winter and Nutrition and Metabolism, determine and detain the Major Nutrient parameter of nutrient enrichment fodder before Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter, a kind of using effect of invention is good, the lower-cost practical feedstuff of feed formula, it is simple to promote in button Eriocheir sinensis breeding production；Second object of the present invention is, it is provided that detain the scientifical use method of nutrient enrichment fodder before Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter, and improves button Eriocheir sinensis overwintering survival rate and becomes survival rate and the rate of body weight gain of Eriocheir sinensis cultivation first time shell.
In order to achieve the above object, Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis involved in the present invention survive the winter before nutrient enrichment fodder, it is characterized in that forming by weight and include following component: inlet steam HONGYU FEN 5-7%, bean cake 12-15%, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs 5-8%, rapeseed cake 15-20%, wheat-middlings 25-30%, beer yeast powder 3%, cottonseed meal 7%, soyabean lecithin oil 1.5-2.5%, refined fish oil 2-3%, Adeps Sus domestica or Petiolus Trachycarpi oil 3-4%, dalcium biphosphate 0.5%, choline chloride 0.5-0.8%, compound vitamin 0.3-0.5%, composite mineral matter 0.8-1.2%.
Described feedstuff footpath is 1.8-2.0 millimeter, a length of 3.5-4 millimeter；Feedstuff soaks the dissolve-loss ratio of 2 hours less than 10% in 20 DEG C of water, the most defeated and dispersed after soaking 3 hours.
Described feedstuff comprises following nutritional labeling: crude protein 26-28%, crude fat 10-12%, total height unsaturated fatty acid content is 0.5-0.7%, carotenoid 80-100mg/kg feedstuff, Vitamin C content is 0.15-0.2%, content of vitamin E 60-80mg/kg feedstuff, vitamin A content is 8000-10000IU/kg feedstuff, vitamin B1 content 70-100mg/kg feedstuff;DHA/EPA ratio is 0.3-0.5, and arachidonic acid accounts for the 0.5-1% of total fatty acid content, and ARA/EPA ratio is 0.1-0.2；Wherein percentage ratio is mass percent.Wherein said DHA is 20:5n3, and described EPA is 22:6n3, and described arachidonic acid is 20:4n6, i.e. ARA.
Above-mentioned Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis survive the winter before the using method of nutrient enrichment fodder, be before the per day water temperature in pond is less than 22 DEG C, use fortified feed as claimed in claim 1 to throw something and feed continuously and buckle Eriocheir sinensis more than 30 days.
Described feedstuff feeding amount is the 0.5-2% of button Eriocheir sinensis gross weight；When per day water temperature 16-22 in pond is spent, day, feeding volume was at 1.0-2.0%, and afternoon every day, 16:00 threw something and fed 1 time, uniformly threw something and fed in full pond；The per day water temperature in pond, when 12-16 spends, is thrown something and fed once in every 2-3 days, and each feeding volume accounts for the 0.5-1.5% of Eriocheir sinensis TBW, only throws something and feeds in profundal zone；The per day water temperature in pond, when 8-12 spends, is thrown something and fed weekly once, and each feeding volume accounts for the 0.5% of Eriocheir sinensis TBW, only throws something and feeds in profundal zone；When pond water temperature is less than 8 degree, do not throw something and feed.
Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis obtained by the present invention survive the winter before nutrient enrichment fodder and using method, by nutrient enrichment fodder before configuring special button Eriocheir sinensis and surviving the winter with carry out science and throw something and feed, by fat total in regulation feedstuff, total protein content, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids and ratio, crucial vitamin content etc., the cold tolerance in button Eriocheir sinensis During Overwintering Period and overwintering survival rate can be significantly improved, improve anti-stress and the immune performance of Eriocheir sinensis kind.Putting into practice through full-scale application for many years, buckle after Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter survival rate up to more than 90% after using this feedstuff and technology, the button Eriocheir sinensis Eriocheir sinensis kind that this technology is cultivated first time shell survival rate during becoming Eriocheir sinensis to cultivate is up to more than 85%.The present invention applies conveniently, practical effect is good, has stronger practical value.Owing to have employed technique scheme, beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, according to the button nutritional need of Eriocheir sinensis, the environmental condition survived the winter and Nutrition and Metabolism, reduce the protein content in button Eriocheir sinensis overwintering feed, improve part lipid and vitamin content, the formulation cost of button Eriocheir sinensis feedstuff can be reduced；
2, the nutrient enrichment fodder before being survived the winter by preparation button Eriocheir sinensis, by science feeding technology, is improve the hepatopancreatic cell before button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter and the fat content in hepatopancrease, thus improves the energy level in button Eriocheir sinensis body and overwintering survival rate；
3, regulated and controled by the fatty acid in feedstuff and vitamin, improve and improve content of highly unsaturated fatty acids, ratio and the vitamin content in button Eriocheir sinensis muscle and tissue, thus improve cold tolerance, anti-stress ability and the immune performance that button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter；
4, by pond culture button Eriocheir sinensis is thrown something and fed nutrient enrichment fodder in prescience of surviving the winter, improve button Eriocheir sinensis Eriocheir sinensis kind quality, particularly improve these Eriocheir sinensis kinds first time shell survival rate during becoming Eriocheir sinensis to cultivate and rate of body weight gain, reduce into Eriocheir sinensis cultivation risk, improve the economic benefit of culture of Chinese mitten crab；
5, the nutrient enrichment fodder before being survived the winter by preparation button Eriocheir sinensis, can be substituted widely used Semen Tritici aestivi, wheat bran and trash fish etc. in button Eriocheir sinensis cultivation at present, can improve the button Eriocheir sinensis utilization rate to feedstuff, reduce the bait pollution to pond water quality；
The technology of the application of the invention, advantageously reduces the workload of throwing something and feeding in button Eriocheir sinensis cultivation later stage, reduces cost of labor.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1.
The Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis that the present embodiment describes survive the winter before nutrient enrichment fodder, composition by weight includes following component: inlet steam HONGYU FEN 5-7%, bean cake 12-15%, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs 5-8%, rapeseed cake 15-20%, wheat-middlings 25-30%, beer yeast powder 3%, cottonseed meal 7%, soyabean lecithin oil 1.5-2.5%, refined fish oil 2-3%, Adeps Sus domestica or Petiolus Trachycarpi oil 3-4%, dalcium biphosphate 0.5%, choline chloride 0.5-0.8%, compound vitamin 0.3-0.5%, composite mineral matter 0.8-1.2%.
Described feedstuff footpath is 1.8-2.0 millimeter, a length of 3.5-4 millimeter；Feedstuff soaks the dissolve-loss ratio of 2 hours less than 10% in 20 DEG C of water, the most defeated and dispersed after soaking 3 hours.Described feedstuff comprises following nutritional labeling: crude protein 26-28%, crude fat 10-12%, total height unsaturated fatty acid content is 0.5-0.7%, carotenoid 80-100mg/kg feedstuff, Vitamin C content is 0.15-0.2%, content of vitamin E 60-80 mg/kg feedstuff, vitamin A content is 8000-10000 IU/kg feedstuff, vitamin B1 content 70-100 mg/kg feedstuff;DHA/EPA ratio is 0.3-0.5, and arachidonic acid accounts for the 0.5-1% of total fatty acid content, and ARA/EPA ratio is 0.1-0.2；Wherein percentage ratio is mass percent.
By all feeds raw material by micronizing, mixing, quenched and grit is made in granulation or heavy property expanded pellet diet, fish oil and fatsoluble vitamin can be added by rear spraying.
Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis survive the winter before the using method of nutrient enrichment fodder, be before the per day water temperature in pond is less than 22 DEG C, use fortified feed as claimed in claim 1 to throw something and feed continuously and buckle Eriocheir sinensis more than 30 days.Be described feedstuff feeding amount be button Eriocheir sinensis gross weight 0.5-2%；When per day water temperature 16-20 in pond is spent, day, feeding volume was at 1.0-2.0%, and afternoon every day, 16:00 threw something and fed 1 time, uniformly threw something and fed in full pond；The per day water temperature in pond, when 12-16 spends, is thrown something and fed once in every 2-3 days, and each feeding volume accounts for the 0.5-1.5% of Eriocheir sinensis TBW, only throws something and feeds in profundal zone；The per day water temperature in pond, when 8-12 spends, is thrown something and fed weekly once, and each feeding volume accounts for the 0.5% of Eriocheir sinensis TBW, only throws something and feeds in profundal zone；When pond water temperature is less than 8 degree, do not throw something and feed.
Claims (5)
1. the nutrient enrichment fodder before Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis survives the winter, is characterized in that forming by weight and includes following component: inlet steam HONGYU FEN 5-7%, bean cake 12-15%, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs 5-8%, rapeseed cake 15-20%, wheat-middlings 25-30%, beer yeast powder 3%, cottonseed meal 7%,
Soyabean lecithin oil 1.5-2.5%, refined fish oil 2-3%, Adeps Sus domestica or Petiolus Trachycarpi oil 3-4%, dalcium biphosphate 0.5%, choline chloride 0.5-0.8%, compound vitamin 0.3-0.5%, composite mineral matter 0.8-1.2%.
Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis the most according to claim 1 survive the winter before nutrient enrichment fodder, it is characterized in that described feedstuff footpath is 1.8-2.0 millimeter, a length of 3.5-4 millimeter；Feedstuff soaks the dissolve-loss ratio of 2 hours less than 10% in 20 DEG C of water, the most defeated and dispersed after soaking 3 hours.
Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis the most according to claim 1 survive the winter before nutrient enrichment fodder, it is characterized in that described feedstuff comprises following nutritional labeling: crude protein 26-28%, crude fat 10-12%, total height unsaturated fatty acid content is 0.5-0.7%, carotenoid 80-100mg/kg feedstuff, Vitamin C content is 0.15-0.2%, content of vitamin E 60-80 mg/kg feedstuff, vitamin A content is 8000-10000 IU/kg feedstuff, vitamin B1 content 70-100 mg/kg feedstuff;DHA/EPA ratio is 0.3-0.5, and arachidonic acid accounts for the 0.5-1% of total fatty acid content, and ARA/EPA ratio is 0.1-0.2；Wherein percentage ratio is mass percent.
4. a using method for the nutrient enrichment fodder before Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis as claimed in claim 1 survives the winter, is characterized in that, before the per day water temperature in pond is less than 22 DEG C, using fortified feed as claimed in claim 1 to throw something and feed continuously and buckleing Eriocheir sinensis more than 30 days.
Described Pond-farming of River Crabs button Eriocheir sinensis the most according to claim 4 survive the winter before the using method of nutrient fodder, it is characterized in that the 0.5-2% that described feedstuff feeding amount is button Eriocheir sinensis gross weight；When per day water temperature 16-20 in pond is spent, day, feeding volume was at 1.0-2.0%, and afternoon every day, 16:00 threw something and fed 1 time, uniformly threw something and fed in full pond；The per day water temperature in pond, when 12-16 spends, is thrown something and fed once in every 2-3 days, and each feeding volume accounts for the 0.5-1.5% of Eriocheir sinensis TBW, only throws something and feeds in profundal zone；The per day water temperature in pond, when 8-12 spends, is thrown something and fed weekly once, and each feeding volume accounts for the 0.5% of Eriocheir sinensis TBW, only throws something and feeds in profundal zone；When pond water temperature is less than 8 degree, do not throw something and feed.
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| CN106805010A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-06-09 | 淮阴师范学院 | Pond-farming of River Crabs subadult accelerating feed and its application method |
| CN106993573A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-08-01 | 湖南新丰唯生态农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of river crab high yield intensive culture method |
| CN108902545A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-30 | 西南大学 | A kind of Eriocheir sinensis fattening feed that biofermentation is modified |
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