CN115968985A - Low-temperature stress resistant feed for freshwater lobsters as well as preparation method and application of low-temperature stress resistant feed - Google Patents
Low-temperature stress resistant feed for freshwater lobsters as well as preparation method and application of low-temperature stress resistant feed Download PDFInfo
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature stress resistant freshwater lobster feed, which comprises the following raw materials: fish meal, soybean meal, fish oil, wheat bran, wheat middling, salt, gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch, multivitamin, taurine, EM (effective microorganisms), astaxanthin, soybean lecithin and beta-glucan. The invention can provide an urgent solution for the polar weather such as cold tide and late spring cold in the culture of the freshwater lobsters in the subtropical regions by enhancing the nutrition of the feed, improving the low-temperature stress resistance of the shrimp body and exploring the low-temperature stress resistance measures, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and particularly relates to a low-temperature stress resistant freshwater lobster feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The Australia freshwater lobster is originally produced in a tropical region in the northern part of Australia, is exactly like a crayfish in the sea in appearance, is one of the most famous and precious freshwater economic crayfish species in the world, has a brownish green color, has a membrane fresh red zone at the top end of the outer side of crayfish, is known as red crayfish, is generally 50-150 g, has about 500 g of the largest individual, has poor eating quality, strong adaptability, high growth speed and strong disease resistance, has tender meat quality, delicious taste and high edible ratio, is resistant to long-distance transportation, can be brought into the market lively, and thus arouses the wide interest of various world aquatic products.
In recent years, because the Australia crayfish grows fast, the Australia crayfish can be stocked in the same year, the Australia crayfish can be fished and sold in the market in the same year, the Australia crayfish is suitable for popularization and cultivation, the Australia crayfish is excellent in quality and delicious, the meat yield is more than 2 times of that of the Procambrus clarkii, and the vacancy of the Procambrus clarkii can be filled in the market period, so that the Australia crayfish industry is promoted.
The Australia crayfish belongs to temperature-variable animals, the Australia crayfish is extremely sensitive to growth, development, propagation and temperature change, the optimum temperature is 24-30 ℃, the hepatopancreatic cell apoptosis is obviously increased due to low-temperature stress, the metabolism is inhibited, the function is weakened, the oxidation damage and the immunodeficiency are caused, the growth stagnation and the death are caused by sudden temperature change, and therefore when the Australia crayfish is cultured in subtropical regions, extreme weather such as cold tide, spring coldness and the like can bring destructive disasters to the Australia crayfish culture industry.
Therefore, the problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field is to provide the low-temperature stress resistant feed for the freshwater lobsters.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a low-temperature stress resistant feed for freshwater lobsters, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the low-temperature stress resistant feed for the freshwater lobsters comprises the following raw materials: fish meal, soybean meal, fish oil, wheat bran, wheat middling, salt, gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch, multivitamin, taurine, EM (effective microorganisms), astaxanthin, soybean lecithin and beta-glucan.
In the raw materials of the invention, fish meal, bean pulp, fish oil, wheat bran, wheat middling, salt and starch provide basic feed components such as protein, fat and crude fiber in the feed; sodium carboxymethylcellulose and gelatin are basic feed molding materials; the addition of multivitamins, yellow sulfonic acid, EM bacteria, astaxanthin, soybean lecithin and beta-glucan is a functional additive, improves the comprehensive immunity of the organism, resists stress and pathogenic bacteria and promotes the growth of the organism.
Preferably, the material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-45% of fish meal, 24-30% of soybean meal, 7.6-9% of fish oil, 3-10% of wheat bran, 3-6% of wheat middling, 0.8% of salt, 10-12% of gelatin, 8-10% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 10-12% of starch, 0.1% of multivitamin, 0.3% of taurine, 0.3% of EM (effective microorganisms), 0.3% of astaxanthin, 2.3% of soybean lecithin and 0.3% of beta-glucan.
The preparation method of the low-temperature stress resistant feed for the freshwater lobsters comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: fish meal, soybean meal, fish oil, wheat bran, wheat middling, salt, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch, multivitamin, taurine, EM (effective microorganisms), astaxanthin, soybean lecithin, beta-glucan and gelatin for later use;
(2) And mixing the bean pulp and the wheat bran, crushing, uniformly mixing with other raw materials, adding water, stirring, drying at low temperature and granulating to obtain the low-temperature stress resistant feed for the freshwater lobsters.
Preferably, the crushed powder in step (2) is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve.
Preferably, the granules obtained by said granulating in step (2) have a diameter of 2mm and a length of 3mm.
The feed or the feed prepared by the preparation method is applied to freshwater lobster breeding.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention can provide an urgent solution for the extreme weather such as cold tide and late spring cold in the culture of the Australian freshwater crayfish in the subtropical area by enhancing the nutrition of the feed, improving the low-temperature stress resistance of the shrimp body and exploring the low-temperature resistance measures, thereby promoting the continuous development of the industry.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Material source: chuniu feed additive taurine (the pharmaceutical industry, inc. Yongan Xinjiang), WANBANG food additive beta-glucan (the practical company, wanbang, henan), D-BASF feed additive 10% astaxanthin (Pasfu Europe), and fish and shrimp mixing material king EM bacterial liquid (the biological science and technology, inc. of Qianhua Liang, south China)
Example 1
A preparation method of a low-temperature stress resistant feed for freshwater lobsters comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of fish meal, 16% of soybean meal, 4% of rapeseed meal, 4% of cottonseed meal, 13% of dextrin, 8.3% of fish oil, 3% of wheat bran, 3% of wheat middling, 0.8% of salt, 2% of gelatin, 1% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2% of starch, 2% of calcium dioxygen phosphate, 7.3% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.1% of multivitamin, 0.3% of taurine, 0.3% of EM (effective microorganisms), 0.3% of astaxanthin, 2.3% of soybean lecithin and 0.3% of beta-glucan for later use;
(2) Mixing soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and wheat bran, crushing by a pulverizer, screening the crushed powder by a 200-mesh nylon screen, fully and uniformly mixing with other raw materials, adding water, stirring, preparing into granules with the diameter of 2mm and the length of 3mm by a granulator, drying or air drying at low temperature, and preserving by a vacuum bag to obtain the low-temperature stress resistant feed for the freshwater lobsters.
Application example 1
60 Australia freshwater lobsters are prepared and divided into two groups of 30 lobsters, and the feed and the mixed material of the Penaeus vannamei Boone in the example 1 are fed in the experiment respectively (crude protein is more than or equal to 40 percent, crude fat is more than or equal to 5 percent, crude fiber is less than or equal to 8 percent, lysine is more than or equal to 2.1 percent, and crude ash content is less than or equal to 15 percent) (the Australia freshwater lobsters are fed every day according to the weight of 4 percent of each kilogram of the lobsters); feeding the Australian crayfish with water at 25 ℃ for one month, cooling the water from 25 ℃ to 18 ℃ within 3 days, maintaining the water at 18 ℃ for 20 days, cooling the water from 18 ℃ to 6 ℃ within 3 days, and maintaining the temperature unchanged for 7 days, wherein the feeding and stress behavior change of the Australian crayfish under low-temperature stress is observed in the cooling process;
wherein, the fed penaeus vannamei feed group is dead, and the stress reaction occurs in sequence along with the reduction of the temperature: the activity is weakened when the temperature is up to 16 ℃, the fabric curls and turns laterally when the temperature is 9 ℃, and the chelate is broken when the temperature is 6 ℃; the mortality rate of the self-made feed group is 43 percent, and stress reactions occur in sequence: the vitality is weakened at 14 ℃, the body curls and turns on one side at 10 ℃, and the chelate is broken and the body is stiff at 6 ℃; from the above, the low-temperature stress mortality rate and stress response of the fed self-made feed group are obviously lower than those of the fed mixed material group of the penaeus vannamei.
Application example 2
60 Australia crayfish are prepared and divided into two groups of 30 crayfish, and the feed and the south America white shrimp mixture in the example 1 are respectively fed in the experiment (the Australia crayfish is fed with the feed according to the amount of 4 percent of the weight of each kilogram of crayfish every day); feeding the Australian crayfish with water at 25 ℃ for one month, cooling the water from 25 ℃ to 18 ℃ within 7 days, maintaining the water at 18 ℃ for 16 days, cooling the water from 18 ℃ to 6 ℃ within 7 days, and maintaining the temperature unchanged for 3 days, wherein the feeding and stress behaviors of the Australian crayfish under low-temperature stress are observed to change in the cooling process;
wherein, the mortality rate of the fed penaeus vannamei feed group is 90 percent, and the stress reaction occurs in sequence along with the reduction of the temperature: the vitality is weakened at 15 ℃, the body curls, turns over and breaks chela at 10 ℃, and turns over and becomes stiff at 6 ℃; the mortality rate of the self-made feed group is 30%, and stress reactions occur in sequence: the vitality is weakened at 14 ℃, the chelate is broken at 10 ℃ and the side turns over at 7 ℃; from the above, the low-temperature stress mortality rate and stress response of the fed self-made feed group are obviously lower than those of the fed mixed material group of the penaeus vannamei boone.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The low-temperature stress resistant feed for the freshwater lobsters is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: fish meal, soybean meal, fish oil, wheat bran, wheat middling, salt, gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch, multivitamin, taurine, EM (effective microorganisms), astaxanthin, soybean lecithin and beta-glucan.
2. The freshwater lobster low-temperature stress resistant feed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-45% of fish meal, 24-30% of soybean meal, 7.6-9% of fish oil, 3-10% of wheat bran, 3-6% of wheat middling, 0.8% of salt, 10-12% of gelatin, 8-10% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 10-12% of starch, 0.1% of multivitamin, 0.3% of taurine, 0.3% of EM (effective microorganisms), 0.3% of astaxanthin, 2.3% of soybean lecithin and 0.3% of beta-glucan.
3. The preparation method of the low-temperature stress resistant feed for the freshwater lobsters is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
(1) Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: fish meal, soybean meal, fish oil, wheat bran, wheat middling, salt, gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch, multivitamin, taurine, EM (effective microorganisms), astaxanthin, soybean lecithin and beta-glucan;
(2) And mixing the bean pulp and the wheat bran, crushing, uniformly mixing with other raw materials, adding water, stirring, drying at low temperature and granulating to obtain the low-temperature stress resistant feed for the freshwater lobsters.
4. The preparation method of the low temperature stress resistant feed for the freshwater lobsters according to claim 3, wherein the freshwater lobsters are crushed in the step (2) and then screened by a 200-mesh sieve.
5. The method for preparing the crayfish feed resisting low temperature stress as claimed in claim 3, wherein the particle obtained by the granulation in the step (2) has a diameter of 2mm and a length of 3mm.
6. Use of the feed according to claim 1 or 2 or the feed obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 5 in freshwater lobster breeding.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310068354.9A CN115968985A (en) | 2023-02-06 | 2023-02-06 | Low-temperature stress resistant feed for freshwater lobsters as well as preparation method and application of low-temperature stress resistant feed |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310068354.9A CN115968985A (en) | 2023-02-06 | 2023-02-06 | Low-temperature stress resistant feed for freshwater lobsters as well as preparation method and application of low-temperature stress resistant feed |
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| CN202310068354.9A Pending CN115968985A (en) | 2023-02-06 | 2023-02-06 | Low-temperature stress resistant feed for freshwater lobsters as well as preparation method and application of low-temperature stress resistant feed |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116762909A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-09-19 | 中山大学 | Litopenaeus vannamei low fish meal compound feed suitable for low water temperature cultivation condition |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102648739A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2012-08-29 | 福建海大饲料有限公司 | Litopenaeus vannamei compound feed special for winter shed cultivation and preparation method for feed |
| KR20200018997A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-21 | 주식회사 네오엔비즈 | Feed composition for Litopenaeus vannamei comprising Spirulina |
| CN112753899A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-07 | 珠海容川饲料有限公司 | Compound stress-resistant additive for enhancing stress resistance of penaeus vannamei boone, compound feed and application of compound stress-resistant additive |
| CN115024436A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-09-09 | 上海市农业科学院 | Feed capable of improving anti-stress capability of red-swamp crayfish in low-temperature environment |
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2023
- 2023-02-06 CN CN202310068354.9A patent/CN115968985A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102648739A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2012-08-29 | 福建海大饲料有限公司 | Litopenaeus vannamei compound feed special for winter shed cultivation and preparation method for feed |
| KR20200018997A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-21 | 주식회사 네오엔비즈 | Feed composition for Litopenaeus vannamei comprising Spirulina |
| CN112753899A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-07 | 珠海容川饲料有限公司 | Compound stress-resistant additive for enhancing stress resistance of penaeus vannamei boone, compound feed and application of compound stress-resistant additive |
| CN115024436A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-09-09 | 上海市农业科学院 | Feed capable of improving anti-stress capability of red-swamp crayfish in low-temperature environment |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116762909A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-09-19 | 中山大学 | Litopenaeus vannamei low fish meal compound feed suitable for low water temperature cultivation condition |
| CN116762909B (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2024-06-11 | 中山大学 | Litopenaeus vannamei low fish meal compound feed suitable for low water temperature cultivation condition |
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