CN102283333A - Low-protein high-fat litopenaeus vannamei boone compound feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Low-protein high-fat litopenaeus vannamei boone compound feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102283333A CN102283333A CN2011102476447A CN201110247644A CN102283333A CN 102283333 A CN102283333 A CN 102283333A CN 2011102476447 A CN2011102476447 A CN 2011102476447A CN 201110247644 A CN201110247644 A CN 201110247644A CN 102283333 A CN102283333 A CN 102283333A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-protein high-fat litopenaeus vannamei boone compound feed, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. Fish powder dosage in the compound feed is only 9-15%, crude protein content is only 32-36%, and crude fat content reaches up to 8-11%. In the compound feed disclosed by the invention, the dosage of the fish powder is low, feed cost is obviously reduced, and cultivation benefit is improved; low-protein feed also can reduce nitrogen emission of cultivated litopenaeus vannamei boone to a cultivation water body, and pollution and damage to water body environment are reduced; and the high-fat low-protein compound feed disclosed by the invention has better litopenaeus vannamei boone raising effect compared with the traditional litopenaeus vannamei boone compound feed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, be specifically related to a seed shrimp feed, high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of particularly a kind of low albumen and preparation method thereof and application.
Background technology
Aquatic products are as good food proteins source, for world's culture fishery provides huge development space.But, face many severe problems because the ecological complexity of aquaculture system and people about the deficiency of sustainable development consciousness, make culture fishery when obtaining tremendous development.Owing to culture the continuous expansion of scale and improving constantly of intensification degree, and producer uses the protein that is higher than optimum content in feed formula, and the digestible energy content in the feed is reduced relatively.When the digestible energy in the feed is not enough, partially protein in the feed will be consumed as the energy, consume protein and can produce nitrogenous waste pollution water body, make and culture feeding environment deterioration (Samantaray K and Mohanty SS.Interactions of dietary levels of protein and energy on fingerling snakehead, Channa striata[J] .Aquaculture, 1997,156:241-249.; Burfford MA, Smith DM, Tabrett SJ, et al.The effect of dietary protein on the growth and survival of the shrimp, Penaeus monodon in outdoors tanks[J] .Aquaculture Nutrition, 2004,10:15-23.), and the immunity of reduction Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low kind self.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming and deficiency that overcomes prior art, primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed, this mixed feed has higher fat content, lower fish meal consumption and protein content, thereby make the nutrition arrangement of mixed feed more balanced, more near the prawn nutritional need; In addition, this mixed feed can improve the disease-resistant degeneration-resistant anti-stress ability and the survival rate of cultured prawn when reducing feed cost, improve mouthfeel and aquatic products local flavor, obviously promotes culture benefit.
The preparation method of the high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of low albumen that another object of the present invention is to provide above-mentioned.
The application of the high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of low albumen that another object of the present invention is to provide above-mentioned.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of a kind of low albumen is prepared by the composition of following mass percent:
Fish meal: 9-15%
Dregs of beans: 20-21%
Peanut press pulp: 16-21%
Rapeseed dregs: 14-15%
Standard flour: 20-21%
Cuttlefish powder: 0-3%
Fish oil: 1-4.5%
Soya-bean oil: 1-4.5%
Lecithin: 1%
Zeolite powder: 0-1.5%
Sodium chloride: 0.4%
Immunity strengthens short long agent: 1%
Vitamin C phosphoric ester: 0.1%
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1%;
Described fish meal is a peru fish meal;
Described immunity strengthens consisting of of short long agent: every kilogram of immunity strengthens short long agent and contains the 300000IU vitamin A, 4g vitamin C, 480mg Cobastab
2, the 360mg Cobastab
6, the 1.2mg Cobastab
12, the 20mg Cobastab
1, 20mg vitamin K, 170mg folic acid, 10mg biotin, 3000IU vitamin E, 8000mg inositol, 800mg pantothenic acid, 200mg nicotinic acid, 8000mg Choline Chloride, 40000IU vitamin D, 0.817g ZnSO
47H
2O, 3.28g CaCO
3, 2.96g NaH
2PO
4, 6.752g KH
2PO
4, 1.3328gCaCl
2, 1.6g MgSO
47H
2O, 0.448g KCl, 0.0192g AlCl
36H
2O, 0.229g MnSO
46H
2O, 0.52g CuCl
2, 1.8g FeSO
47H
2O, 0.0282g CoCl
2, 0.036g KI, surplus is a cellulose;
In the high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of described low albumen, the mass fraction of crude protein is 32-36%, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 8-11%.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of low albumen may further comprise the steps (as shown in Figure 1):
(1) respectively fish meal, dregs of beans, peanut press pulp, rapeseed dregs, standard flour and cuttlefish powder are pulverized, this several components after pulverizing is mixed, stir, obtain raw material;
(2) respectively zeolite powder, sodium chloride, immunity are strengthened short long agent, vitamin C phosphoric ester and calcium dihydrogen phosphate and pulverize, this several components after pulverizing is mixed, stir, obtain batching;
(3) fish oil, soya-bean oil and lecithin are mixed, stir, obtain mixing oil plant;
(4) batch mixes that obtains of raw material that step (1) is obtained and step (2) divides to add mixing oil plant that steps (3) obtain and the water that accounts for feed gross mass 15-30% for 3 times then, makes feed reach the desired viscosity of granulating;
(5) granulating mixture that step (4) is obtained promptly obtains the low high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of albumen after the particulate mixtures cooling;
Step (1) and (2) described pulverizing are to be crushed to the 80-100 mesh sieve.
The high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of above-mentioned low albumen can be used for raising Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low.
Lipid compare with albumen have clean energy resource, the cheap and advantage easily of drawing materials, simultaneously lipid has different physiological roles in the metabolic process of life of prawn, is its necessary nutriment.Fish meal addition in the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed is commonly more than 30% now, and protein content is commonly 38-42%, and fat content is commonly 4-6%.Improve the feed fat content and be at present in the breeding production of shrimps, how, save the fish meal consumption, reduce the break-through point of protein content not influencing under the prerequisite that prawn grows.Because improve the digestible energy that fat content can increase feed, the raising of digestible energy can reduce prawn to consume protein as energy source, and this is the key that improves the feed protein utilization rate.In addition, it is the combination of multivitamin and mineral matter that the immunity among the present invention strengthens short long agent, and immunologic function and the disease-resistant anti-adversity ability that improves prawn had facilitation.
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
(1) Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of the present invention has reduced the protein content in the feed, can save fish meal 50-70% (being that prawn mixed feed per ton is saved fish meal 150-210 kilogram), has obviously reduced feed cost, has improved culture benefit.
(2) feed formula of the present invention and feed producing method can improve water stability, trophism, the palatability of feed, and significantly reduction is decomposed the pollution that is caused because of feed in water.
(3) prawn mixed feed of the present invention can obviously strengthen the immunologic function and the disease-resistant anti-adversity ability of cultured prawn, and this mixed feed do not add any antibiotic, really realizes the healthy and safe breed of prawn.
(4) prawn mixed feed of the present invention not only nutrient balance, safe and efficient, do not contain any forbidden drug, also can improve cultured prawn body flavor substance content and the tender degree of muscle greatly.The prawn head corpusculum of producing is big, dressing percentage is high, good mouthfeel, and body colour and delicious degree are near wild.
(5) reduction of protein content can also reduce cultured prawn nitrogen discharged to breeding water body in the feed of the present invention, reduces the pollution and the destructiveness of water body environment, implements the sustainable development of culture fishery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is preparation method's schematic flow sheet of the high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of low albumen of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
The high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of a kind of low albumen is prepared by the composition of following mass percent:
Peru fish meal: 15%
Dregs of beans: 20%
Peanut press pulp: 16%
Rapeseed dregs: 14%
Standard flour: 21%
Cuttlefish powder: 3%
Fish oil: 3%
Soya-bean oil: 3%
Lecithin: 1%
Zeolite powder: 1.5%
Sodium chloride: 0.4%
Immunity strengthens short long agent: 1%
Vitamin C phosphoric ester: 0.1%
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1%;
The prescription that used immunity strengthens short long agent is: every kilogram of immunity strengthens short long agent and contains the 300000IU vitamin A, 4g vitamin C, 480mg Cobastab
2, the 360mg Cobastab
6, the 1.2mg Cobastab
12, the 20mg Cobastab
1, 20mg vitamin K, 170mg folic acid, 10mg biotin, 3000IU vitamin E, 8000mg inositol, 800mg pantothenic acid, 200mg nicotinic acid, 8000mg Choline Chloride, 40000IU vitamin D, 0.817g ZnSO
47H
2O, 3.28g CaCO
3, 2.96g NaH
2PO
4, 6.752g KH
2PO
4, 1.3328g CaCl
2, 1.6g MgSO
47H
2O, 0.448g KCl, 0.0192g AlCl
36H
2O, 0.229g MnSO
46H
2O, 0.52g CuCl
2, 1.8g FeSO
47H
2O, 0.0282g CoCl
2, 0.036g KI, surplus is a cellulose.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of low albumen may further comprise the steps (as shown in Figure 1):
(1) respectively fish meal, dregs of beans, peanut press pulp, rapeseed dregs, standard flour and cuttlefish powder are pulverized, crossed the 80-100 mesh sieve; This several components after will pulverizing then mixes, and stirs, and obtains raw material;
(2) respectively zeolite powder, sodium chloride, immunity are strengthened short long agent, vitamin C phosphoric ester and calcium dihydrogen phosphate and pulverize, cross the 80-100 mesh sieve; This several components after will pulverizing then mixes, and stirs, and obtains batching;
(3) fish oil, soya-bean oil and lecithin are mixed, stir, obtain mixing oil plant;
(4) batch mixes that obtains of raw material that step (1) is obtained and step (2) divides to add mixing oil plant that steps (3) obtain and the water that accounts for feed gross mass 15-30% for 3 times then, makes feed reach the desired viscosity of granulating;
(5) granulating mixture that step (4) is obtained promptly obtains the low high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of albumen after the particulate mixtures cooling.
In the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed that present embodiment prepares, the mass fraction of crude protein is 35.62%, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 10.82%.
The Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed that present embodiment prepares is applicable to that body length is the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low of 1-5cm.
Embodiment 2
The high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of a kind of low albumen is prepared by the composition of following mass percent:
Peru fish meal: 14.5%
Dregs of beans: 21%
Peanut press pulp: 20%
Rapeseed dregs: 15%
Standard flour: 20%
Cuttlefish powder: 3%
Fish oil: 1%
Soya-bean oil: 1%
Lecithin: 1%
Sodium chloride: 0.4%
Immunity strengthens short long agent: 1%
Vitamin C phosphoric ester: 0.1%
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1%;
Immunity strengthens the prescription of short long agent with embodiment 1.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of low albumen is with embodiment 1.
In the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed that present embodiment prepares, the mass fraction of crude protein is 35.35%, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 10.67%.
The Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed that present embodiment prepares is applicable to that body length is the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low of 5-8cm.
Embodiment 3
The high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of a kind of low albumen is prepared by the composition of following mass percent:
Peru fish meal: 9%
Dregs of beans: 21%
Peanut press pulp: 21%
Rapeseed dregs: 15%
Standard flour: 20%
Fish oil: 4.5%
Soya-bean oil: 4.5%
Lecithin: 1%
Zeolite powder: 1.5%
Sodium chloride: 0.4%
Immunity strengthens short long agent: 1%
Vitamin C phosphoric ester: 0.1%
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1%;
Immunity strengthens the prescription of short long agent with embodiment 1.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of low albumen is with embodiment 1.
In the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed that present embodiment prepares, the mass fraction of crude protein is 34.81%, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 10.60%.
The Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed that present embodiment prepares is applicable to the above Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low of the long 8cm of being of body.
The comparative example
A kind of (commercial) Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed at present commonly used is prepared by the composition of following mass percent:
Peru fish meal: 14%
Dregs of beans: 17%
Compound protein: 17%
Standard flour: 20%
Cuttlefish powder: 3%
Fish oil: 1.25%
Soya-bean oil: 1.25%
Lecithin: 1%
Alpha-cellulose: 4.3%
Dextrin: 19%
Sodium chloride: 0.4%
Immunity strengthens short long agent: 1%
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.8%;
Used compound protein is by 12% (mass fraction; Rapeseed dregs down together), 12% peanut press pulp and 76% casein are formed;
Immunity strengthens the prescription of short long agent with embodiment 1.
The preparation method of mixed feed is with embodiment 1.
The crude protein content of this mixed feed is 33.69% (mass fraction; Down together), crude fat content is 5.83% (for commodity material fat content commonly used), and moisture is 9.42%, and ash content is 6.61%.
The test of throwing something and feeding of the feed of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example's feed
Raise the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low 60 days of 2.97g respectively with the feed of embodiment 1, comparative example's feed, the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low coefficient of condition of the feed of the embodiment 1 that throws something and feeds is 1.12, compares coefficient of condition with control group (feeding comparative example's feed) and improves 10%;
Raise the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low 60 days of 2.97g respectively with the feed of embodiment 2, comparative example's feed, the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low rate of body weight gain of feed of embodiment 2 of throwing something and feeding is 297%, specific growth rate is 2.30%, coefficient of condition is 1.19, shrimp body crude fat content is 1.83, compares rate of body weight gain with control group (feeding comparative example's feed) and improves 10%, and specific growth rate improves 6%, coefficient of condition increases by 17%, and body fat increases by 74%;
Raise the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low 60 days of 2.97g respectively with the feed of embodiment 3, comparative example's feed, the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low coefficient of condition of feed of embodiment 3 of throwing something and feeding is 1.21, shrimp body crude fat content is 1.58, comparing coefficient of condition with control group (feeding comparative example's feed) increases by 19%, and body fat increases by 50%.
Above-mentioned result of the test explanation: the prawn that higher fatty acid low albumen Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of the present invention is cultured out, growth indexes such as its coefficient of condition, rate of body weight gain, specific growth rate, shrimp body crude fat content all are better than the prawn that low-fat mixed feed is cultured out.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spiritual essence of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of low albumen is characterized in that: be that composition by following mass percent prepares:
Fish meal: 9-15%
Dregs of beans: 20-21%
Peanut press pulp: 16-21%
Rapeseed dregs: 14-15%
Standard flour: 20-21%
Cuttlefish powder: 0-3%
Fish oil: 1-4.5%
Soya-bean oil: 1-4.5%
Lecithin: 1%
Zeolite powder: 0-1.5%
Sodium chloride: 0.4%
Immunity strengthens short long agent: 1%
Vitamin C phosphoric ester: 0.1%
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1%;
Described immunity strengthens consisting of of short long agent: every kilogram of immunity strengthens short long agent and contains the 300000IU vitamin A, 4g vitamin C, 480mg Cobastab
2, the 360mg Cobastab
6, the 1.2mg Cobastab
12, the 20mg Cobastab
1, 20mg vitamin K, 170mg folic acid, 10mg biotin, 3000IU vitamin E, 8000mg inositol, 800mg pantothenic acid, 200mg nicotinic acid, 8000mg Choline Chloride, 40000IU vitamin D, 0.817g ZnSO
47H
2O, 3.28g CaCO
3, 2.96g NaH
2PO
4, 6.752g KH
2PO
4, 1.3328g CaCl
2, 1.6g MgSO
47H
2O, 0.448g KCl, 0.0192g AlCl
36H
2O, 0.229g MnSO
46H
2O, 0.52g CuCl
2, 1.8g FeSO
47H
2O, 0.0282g CoCl
2, 0.036g KI, surplus is a cellulose;
In the high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of described low albumen, the mass fraction of crude protein is 32-36%, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 8-11%.
2. the high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of low albumen according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fish meal is a peru fish meal.
3. the preparation method of claim 1 or the high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of 2 described low albumen is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) respectively fish meal, dregs of beans, peanut press pulp, rapeseed dregs, standard flour and cuttlefish powder are pulverized, this several components after pulverizing is mixed, stir, obtain raw material;
(2) respectively zeolite powder, sodium chloride, immunity are strengthened short long agent, vitamin C phosphoric ester and calcium dihydrogen phosphate and pulverize, this several components after pulverizing is mixed, stir, obtain batching;
(3) fish oil, soya-bean oil and lecithin are mixed, stir, obtain mixing oil plant;
(4) batch mixes that obtains of raw material that step (1) is obtained and step (2) divides to add mixing oil plant that steps (3) obtain and the water that accounts for feed gross mass 15-30% for 3 times then;
(5) granulating mixture that step (4) is obtained promptly obtains the low high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of albumen after the particulate mixtures cooling.
4. the preparation method of the high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of low albumen according to claim 3 is characterized in that: step (1) and (2) described pulverizing are to be crushed to the 80-100 mesh sieve.
5. the application of claim 1 or the high-fat Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low mixed feed of 2 described low albumen is characterized in that: be used to raise Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN103535549A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-01-29 | 湛江恒兴特种饲料有限公司 | Low-protein compound feeds for litopenaeus vannamei and preparation method for low-protein compound feeds |
| CN103976189A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-13 | 华南师范大学 | Low-protein high-fat compound feed for takifugu obscures as well as preparation method and application of feed |
| CN104256103A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-07 | 集美大学 | Feed and mineral premixed feed for whiteleg shrimps in low salinity water body |
| CN106213547A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-14 | 河源市瑞昌饲料有限公司 | A kind of feed processing system and processing technique |
| CN107889976A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-10 | 天津科技大学 | A kind of industrial aquaculture Penaeus Vannmei ecological feed |
| CN112515054A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Low-protein feed for improving growth performance of litopenaeus vannamei and application thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103535549A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-01-29 | 湛江恒兴特种饲料有限公司 | Low-protein compound feeds for litopenaeus vannamei and preparation method for low-protein compound feeds |
| CN103535549B (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-15 | 湛江恒兴特种饲料有限公司 | Low-protein compound feeds for litopenaeus vannamei and preparation method for low-protein compound feeds |
| CN103976189A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-13 | 华南师范大学 | Low-protein high-fat compound feed for takifugu obscures as well as preparation method and application of feed |
| CN103976189B (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2016-02-10 | 华南师范大学 | High-fat fugu obscurus mixed feed of low albumen and its production and use |
| CN104256103A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-07 | 集美大学 | Feed and mineral premixed feed for whiteleg shrimps in low salinity water body |
| CN104256103B (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-09-23 | 集美大学 | Feed for litopenaeus vannamei mineral matter premixed feed under a kind of low salinity water |
| CN106213547A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-14 | 河源市瑞昌饲料有限公司 | A kind of feed processing system and processing technique |
| CN107889976A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-10 | 天津科技大学 | A kind of industrial aquaculture Penaeus Vannmei ecological feed |
| CN112515054A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Low-protein feed for improving growth performance of litopenaeus vannamei and application thereof |
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| CN102283333B (en) | 2012-10-03 |
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