CN104489245A - Special compound feed for largemouth bass and preparation method of special compound feed - Google Patents
Special compound feed for largemouth bass and preparation method of special compound feed Download PDFInfo
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- 241001125889 Micropterus salmoides Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 241001596950 Larimichthys crocea Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special compound feed for a largemouth bass. The special compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of wheat, 9-12 parts of flour, 18-22 parts of soybean meal, 3-8 parts of corn gluten meal flour, 28-32 parts of fish meal, 10-14 parts of meat and bone meal, 3-7 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein, 4-6 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of soybean soil, 0.9 part of a complex vitamin, 0.5 part of compound mineral salt, 0.5-0.8 part of choline chloride, 1-1.2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15-0.2 part of vitamin C, 0.015-0.02 part of vitamin E, 0.1-0.2 part of methionine, 0.1-0.2 part of lysine, 0.1-0.15 part of inositol, 0.1-0.3 part of edible salt, 0.05-0.1 part of an antioxidant and 0.06-0.1 part of a mildew preventive agent. The special feed disclosed by the invention has the advantages of overcoming the defect of slow later-period growth of the largemouth basses and effectively reducing mutual killing of the black basses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fodder, more specifically, relate to a kind of Micropterus salmoides special compound feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Micropterus salmoides (Micropterus salmoides), taxology belongs to Perciformes perch Superfamily sea bass and belongs to.Originate in California, USA because of it therefore be also referred to as largemouth bass, nineteen eighty-three, Micropterus salmoides was introduced into into continent by Guangzhou province from Taiwan Province, because its delicious meat have the good reputation of " fresh water yellow croaker ", the advantages such as its strong adaptability, growth are rapidly in addition, thermophilic is comparatively wide, resistance against diseases picks up by force and easily, Micropterus salmoides has become a kind of important economic fish in China's freshwater aquiculture at present.
Though the Culture Techniques of Micropterws Salmoides of current China has realized intensive and scale, because its eating habit is comparatively special, do not having in sufficient agreeable to the taste bait situation, will cut one another's throat between Micropterus salmoides fish body predation.Up to the present, still also do not have successful mixed bait to go for the whole process cultivation of Micropterus salmoides, still need in actual production to rely on chilled trash fish to be main method for breeding.But, the acquisition of chilled trash fish exists seasonal, and not can obtain the whole year, and chilled trash fish quality is unstable, preservation is also more difficult, the feed coefficient of adding chilled trash fish is higher, also easier polluted-water environment, even can cause the popular propagation of fish disease, thus constitutes great hidden danger for food security.
Compare chilled, mixed feed is Environmental Safety more, from the nineties in last century, namely ac.cn and Feed Enterprise continue to carry out to the development and research of compound feed for micropterus salmoids, but not breakthrough so far, although existing business-like mixed feed starts to put use on market, but find in breeding process: after the Micropterus salmoides fed with mixed feed grows to 150 ~ 200g, namely there will be apocleisis, the symptoms such as poor growth, become the bottleneck problem promoting artifical compound feed in current Culture Techniques of Micropterws Salmoides process, anxious to be overcome.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of this invention is to provide and be a kind ofly applicable to Micropterus salmoides actual production breeding process and Micropterus salmoides normal growth can be maintained and the hand fit's expanded pellet diet of desired nutritional equilibrium of ingesting, object of the present invention is reduce as far as possible to replace the application of chilled trash fish in Culture Techniques of Micropterws Salmoides process even completely, reduces water pollution risk and aquaculture cost thus improves composite culture benefit.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is as follows:
be applicable to the artifical compound feed of Micropterus salmoides whole culture-cycle, comprise the component of following parts by weight: wheat 6-10 part, flour 9-12 part; Dregs of beans 18-22 part; Corn protein powder flour 3-8 part; Fish meal: 28-32 part; Meat meal tankage 10-14 part; Liquid fish: 3-7 part; Fish oil 4-6 part; Soya-bean oil 1-2 part; B B-complex: 0.9 part; Composite mineral salt: 0.5 part; Choline Chloride (50%) 0.5-0.8 part; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1-1.2 part; Vitamin C: 0. 15-0.2 part; Vitamin E: 0.015-0.02 part; Methionine: 0.1-0.2; Lysine: 0.1-0.2; Inositol 0.1-0.15 part; Salt: 0.1-0.3 part; Antioxidant: 0.05-0.1 part; Mould inhibitor: 0.06-0.1 part.(note: the addition of antioxidant is determined according to weather condition and grease addition, and wet weather or high Oil levels then its additive capacity also need corresponding increase)
A kind ofly prepare the above-mentioned method being applicable to the artifical compound feed of Micropterus salmoides actual production breeding process and be: after (lower than 1 part) raw material less for the consumptions such as above-mentioned B B-complex, composite mineral salt, Choline Chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C, vitamin E is fully mixed, as small powder additive, other above-mentioned all solid feeds then need to pulverize in advance and after crossing 80 mesh sieves, mix according to above-mentioned formula rate, also fully stir together with small powder through ultramicro grinding, mix, then namely can be made into through expanded pellet diet machine.
Compared with normal diet commercial feed, the present invention has some advantage following:
1, the present invention consults on basis at a large amount of Research Literature to draw after the nutritional need of abundant research Micropterus salmoides, can meet the demand of Micropterus salmoides normal growth, growth better;
2, feed is by application meat meal tankage more cheap and easy to get and liquid fish, achieves effectively substituting fish meal, reduces feed cost not affecting on fish bulk-growth basis;
3, add the required nutritional components such as choline, vitamin C, vitamin E and inositol by extra supplementing in feed, significantly can strengthen Micropterus salmoides immunity of organisms, improve its anti-stress ability and resistance against diseases;
4, the L-Methionine and the 1B that supplement interpolation in feed can not only effectively improve forage protein utilization rate, also have significant food calling effect, ensure that the good palatability of mixed feed.
5, in feed, all solids fractions, all through ultramicro grinding also fully mixing, make nutrition composition be easier to digested utilization, feed nutrition are more even;
6, feed through expanded modified after, the curing degree of raw material improves, and digestibility improves, the water-tolerant of expanded pellet diet, avoids the determination that feed waste is large simultaneously, strong to water pollution, reduce ammonia nitrogen discharge simultaneously, be conducive to reducing the pollution of cultivation to water environment.
7, the present invention is directed to Micropterus salmoides and devise proprietary formula, overcome and use artifical compound feed when throwing something and feeding, the apocleisis that Micropterus salmoides occurs after growing to 150 ~ 200g and poky symptom.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, the present invention adopts reagent, equipment and method are conventional commercial reagent, equipment and the conventional method used of the art.
Embodiment 1
Be applicable to the practical expanding compound feed of Micropterus salmoides whole culture-cycle, to comprise the component of following parts by weight: wheat 7 parts, 12 parts, flour; Dregs of beans 20 parts; 5 parts, corn protein powder flour; Fish meal: 30 parts; Meat meal tankage 12 parts; Liquid fish: 4 parts; 5 parts, fish oil; 1 part, soya-bean oil; B B-complex: 0.9 part; Composite mineral salt: 0.5 part; Choline Chloride (50%) 0.6 part; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1 part; Vitamin C: 0.2 part; Vitamin E: 0.02 part; Methionine: 0.15; Lysine: 0.2; Inositol 0.15 part; Salt: 0.2 part; Antioxidant: 0.06 part; Mould inhibitor: 0.08 part.After (lower than 1 part) raw material less for consumption is fully mixed, as small powder additive, other above-mentioned all solid feeds then need to pulverize in advance and after crossing 80 mesh sieves, mix according to above-mentioned formula rate, fully stir with small powder together with through ultramicro grinding, mix, through expanded pellet diet is machine-processed must Micropterus salmoides special swelling feed.
Embodiment 2
Be applicable to the artifical compound feed of Micropterus salmoides whole culture-cycle, comprise the component of following parts by weight: wheat 7 parts, 11 parts, flour; Dregs of beans 20 parts; 6 parts, corn protein powder flour; Fish meal: 28 parts; Meat meal tankage 12 parts; Liquid fish: 5 parts; 6 parts, fish oil; 1 part, soya-bean oil; B B-complex: 0.9 part; Composite mineral salt: 0.5 part; Choline Chloride (50%) 0.8 part; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.2 parts; Vitamin C: 0. 15 parts; Vitamin E: 0.015 part; Methionine: 0.2; Lysine: 0.2; Inositol 0.15 part; Salt: 0.2 part; Antioxidant: 0.1 part; Mould inhibitor: 0.06 part.After (lower than 1 part) raw material less for consumption is fully mixed, as small powder additive, other above-mentioned all solid feeds then need to pulverize in advance and after crossing 80 mesh sieves, mix according to above-mentioned formula rate, fully stir with small powder together with through ultramicro grinding, mix, through expanded pellet diet is machine-processed must Micropterus salmoides special swelling feed.
Embodiment 3
Be applicable to the artifical compound feed of Micropterus salmoides whole culture-cycle, comprise the component of following parts by weight: wheat 6 parts, 12 parts, flour; Dregs of beans 22 parts; Corn protein powder 4 parts; Fish meal: 32 parts; Meat meal tankage 10 parts; Liquid fish: 4 parts; 4 parts, fish oil; 1 part, soya-bean oil; B B-complex: 0.9 part; Composite mineral salt: 0.5 part; Choline Chloride (50%) 0.6 part; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.2 parts; Vitamin C: 0.2 part; Vitamin E: 0.02 part; Methionine: 0.1; Lysine: 0.1; Inositol 0.15 part; Salt: 0.3 part; Antioxidant: 0.05 part; Mould inhibitor: 0.06 part.After (lower than 1 part) raw material less for consumption is fully mixed, as small powder additive, other above-mentioned all solid feeds then need to pulverize in advance and after crossing 80 mesh sieves, mix according to above-mentioned formula rate, fully stir with small powder together with through ultramicro grinding, mix, through expanded pellet diet is machine-processed must Micropterus salmoides special swelling feed.
Embodiment 4
Be applicable to the artifical compound feed of Micropterus salmoides whole culture-cycle, comprise the component of following parts by weight: wheat 10 parts, 9 parts, flour; Dregs of beans 18 parts; Corn protein powder 7 parts; Fish meal: 32 parts; Meat meal tankage 10 parts; Liquid fish: 4 parts; 4 parts, fish oil; 2 parts, soya-bean oil; B B-complex: 0.9 part; Composite mineral salt: 0.5 part; Choline Chloride (50%) 0.8 part; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.2 parts; Vitamin C: 0.2 part; Vitamin E: 0.02 part; Methionine: 0.15; Lysine: 0.2; Inositol 0.1 part; Salt: 0.2 part; Antioxidant: 0.1 part; Mould inhibitor: 0.06 part.After (lower than 1 part) raw material less for consumption is fully mixed, as small powder additive, other above-mentioned all solid feeds then need to pulverize in advance and after crossing 80 mesh sieves, mix according to above-mentioned formula rate, fully stir with small powder together with through ultramicro grinding, mix, through expanded pellet diet is machine-processed must Micropterus salmoides special swelling feed.
Embodiment 5
Be applicable to the artifical compound feed of Micropterus salmoides whole culture-cycle, comprise the component of following parts by weight: wheat 6 parts, 12 parts, flour; Dregs of beans 20 parts; Corn protein powder 4 parts; Fish meal: 28 parts; Meat meal tankage 14 parts; Liquid fish: 6 parts; 6 parts, fish oil; 1 part, soya-bean oil; B B-complex: 0.9 part; Composite mineral salt: 0.5 part; Choline Chloride (50%) 0.8 part; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.2 parts; Vitamin C: 0.15 part; Vitamin E: 0.015 part; Methionine: 0.2; Lysine: 0.2; Inositol 0.15 part; Salt: 0.2 part; Antioxidant: 0.1 part; Mould inhibitor: 0.06 part.After (lower than 1 part) raw material less for consumption is fully mixed, as small powder additive, other above-mentioned all solid feeds then need to pulverize in advance and after crossing 80 mesh sieves, mix according to above-mentioned formula rate, fully stir with small powder together with through ultramicro grinding, mix, through expanded pellet diet is machine-processed must Micropterus salmoides special swelling feed.
Embodiment 6
Compliance test result test (test and carry out at sea-gull island Experimental Base)
1, aquarium test
1.1, materials and methods
1.1.1, experimental design
Using the mixed feed in common compound feed for micropterus salmoids in the market and above-mentioned five groups of embodiments as testing material, design six processed group, be denoted as respectively: control group, example 1 group, example 2 groups, example 3 groups, example 4 groups, example 5 groups.
1.1.2, fish culture and management is tested
This is tested Micropterus salmoides fry used and is purchased from a fry field, Shuande.
Before formal experiment is carried out, Micropterus salmoides fry (counterpoise about 1 gram) is placed in cement pit, and adopt throw something and feed chilled, chilled mixing fish meal of throwing something and feeding, chilled mixing mixed feed of throwing something and feeding, mixed feed of throwing something and feeding to tame Micropterus salmoides seedling step by step, enable to accept and start artifical compound feed of ingesting, every day respectively at the morning 9:00 and afternoon 4:00 throw something and feed twice, mode of throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed for being satiated with food.This domestication process probably continues one month, and the mixed feed adopted between domestication is general goods material.Namely choose size after domestication terminates homogeneous, the Micropterus salmoides fry of bouncing as subjects and carry out this experiment.
Experimental system uses indoor circulation Shui nationality case (300L glass fibre cylinder, totally 18), and water source is aeration running water.Often organize experiment feed establish three parallel, put 30 tail Micropterus salmoides inside each aquarium, average original body mass is 8.5 ± 0.02g.Experimental session, 9:00 am and 4:00 pm was respectively satiated with food and threw something and fed twice every day, and the feed diameter that the growth along with experiment fish is thrown something and fed increases gradually.Experimental period is 11 weeks, and experimental session records water temperature and the dead movement pattern of fish condition every day, and clears up the ight soil of a bottom of aquaria.Experimental session water temperature is 27.45 ± 1.32 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen is 7.65 ± 0.14 mg L-1, and ammonia nitrogen is 0.16 ± 0.02 mg L-1, pH is 7.850 ± 0.10.
1.1.3, sample collection
Test to the 10th week end, check the mantissa of Micropterus salmoides in each aquarium one by one, and weigh, record.
1.1.4, sample analysis method
Method of adopting international standards (AOAC, 1995) measures and analyzes the nutritional labeling of sample.
1.1.5, statistical analysis
Experimental result represents with " average ± SD ", after the one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), analyzes the conspicuousness (P < 0.05) of difference between each experimental group with Duncan ' s multiple comparison graph.The analysis software adopted is SPSS11.5.
1.2, result of the test
Different disposal group is on the impact (concrete outcome is in table 1) of Micropterus salmoides survival rate, rate of body weight gain, feed coefficient: of the present invention group of feed coefficient conspicuousness is lower than control group, and the present invention conspicuousness can improve the survival rate of Micropterus salmoides, rate of body weight gain and specific growth rate.
Table 1
Note: experimental result is " average ± standard deviation "; Significant difference (P<0.05) is shown with the different The English alphabet of a line upper right mark in table.
1survival rate=(last fish tail number eventually/initial fish tail number) × 100%
2rate of body weight gain (WG)=(last counterpoise-initial counterpoise) × 100/ initial counterpoise
3feed coefficient (FCR)=food ration (g)/weightening finish (g)
4specific growth rate SGR=(ln(end counterpoise) the initial counterpoise of-ln()) × 100/ number of days
1.3, conclusion (of pressure testing)
Above-mentioned result of the test shows, the fish body survival rate of of the present invention group, rate of body weight gain, feed coefficient and the equal conspicuousness of specific growth rate are better than general goods material (control group), illustrate that feed of the present invention is more suitable for the healthy growth of Micropterus salmoides compared with the common compound feed for micropterus salmoids in market, have and digest and assimilate, fast growth, a series of significant advantages such as feed efficiency is high.
2, large pool culture efficiency
1 mouthful, the large pool is tested in cultivation base, random selecting sea-gull island, and whole process is thrown something and fed with the mixed feed of example 2.
The selected large pool water surface 6 mu, the depth of water 2.5 meters, water source is general.On May 20th, 2013 puts seedling 50,000 tail, specification 80 tails/jin, seedling valency 0.2 yuan/tail, and main mixed feed of throwing something and feeding, is equipped with a small amount of chilled trash fish in the chilled trash fish period cheap and easy to get.
Whole process uses 49000 jin, fish material altogether, and chilled trash fish 70,000 yuan (about exchanging 14000 jin of feeds), adds up to and use 63000 jin, feed.Peak period 400-440 jin/sky, rate of throwing something and feeding about reaches 1.5%.
Scrape head hoop (more than 8 liang specifications) 0.92 ten thousand jin (9.3 yuan/jin) on December 16th, 2013, scrape the second hoop (more than 8 liang specifications) 1.32 ten thousand jin (9 yuan/jin) on March 20th, 2014, July, 15-19 went out pool dry bottom (gradeless and uniformly-priced goods) 2.67 ten thousand jin (20.4 yuan/jin), omnidistance total fish 4.91 ten thousand jin.Feed coefficient=63000/49100=1.28, feed cost=1.28*5.5=7.04 unit/jin, per mu yield=49100/6 mu=8183 pounds/acre, mu benefit: full the pool is about pure earns 25.5 ten thousand yuan/6 mu=4.25 ten thousand yuan/mu.
The above results shows: the present invention effectively can substitute the use of chilled trash fish in actual production breeding process, has good economic results in society.
Claims (3)
1. a Micropterus salmoides special compound feed, is characterized in that, comprises the component of following parts by weight: wheat 6-10 part, flour 9-12 part; Dregs of beans 18-22 part; Corn protein powder flour 3-8 part; Fish meal: 28-32 part; Meat meal tankage 10-14 part; Liquid fish: 3-7 part; Fish oil 4-6 part; Soya-bean oil 1-2 part; B B-complex: 0.9 part; Composite mineral salt: 0.5 part; Choline Chloride 0.5-0.8 part; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1-1.2 part; Vitamin C: 0. 15-0.2 part; Vitamin E: 0.015-0.02 part; Methionine: 0.1-0.2; Lysine: 0.1-0.2; Inositol 0.1-0.15 part; Salt: 0.1-0.3 part; Antioxidant: 0.05-0.1 part; Mould inhibitor: 0.06-0.1 part.
2. Micropterus salmoides special compound feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the content of described Choline Chloride is 50%.
3. a preparation method for Micropterus salmoides special compound feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps
S1. first by B B-complex, composite mineral salt, Choline Chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C, vitamin E mixing, as small powder additive,
S2. other each raw material was pulverized 80 mesh sieves respectively, then mixed in proportion, then through ultramicro grinding, then with the small powder additives mixed of S1 gained, machine-processed finally by expanded pellet diet.
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CN104489419A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-04-08 | 上海农好饲料有限公司 | Micropterus salmoides fry micro-particle feed and preparation method thereof |
CN105010752A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-11-04 | 四川国凤中科生物科技有限公司 | Feed for micropterus salmoides |
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CN105010752A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-11-04 | 四川国凤中科生物科技有限公司 | Feed for micropterus salmoides |
CN105360607A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-02 | 上海农好饲料有限公司 | Functional feed capable of restraining gonadal development of micropterus salmoides and preparation method of functional feed |
CN106260788A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-01-04 | 广州市联鲲生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Micropterus salmonoides premix material |
CN108497217A (en) * | 2018-04-07 | 2018-09-07 | 广州市诚水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of nutrient fodder formula of largemouth bass |
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CN109198261A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-15 | 中山大学 | A kind of Micropterus salmoides low sugar mixed feed and preparation method thereof |
CN109997961A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-12 | 台州学院 | A kind of economical compound feed for micropterus salmoids |
CN111513208A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-11 | 湖州南浔柏佳渔生态科技有限公司 | Low-fish-meal compound feed for largemouth black bass juvenile fish and preparation method thereof |
CN114027424A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-02-11 | 浙江海洋大学 | Special extruded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped sawfish juveniles and its preparation method and application |
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