CN102017361B - 无线功率传送系统及方法 - Google Patents

无线功率传送系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN102017361B
CN102017361B CN200980113946.6A CN200980113946A CN102017361B CN 102017361 B CN102017361 B CN 102017361B CN 200980113946 A CN200980113946 A CN 200980113946A CN 102017361 B CN102017361 B CN 102017361B
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power
receiver
reflector
recharging base
desktop
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CN102017361A (zh
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奈杰尔·P·库克
卢卡斯·西贝尔
汉斯彼得·威德默
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WiTricity Corp
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H02J5/005—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00026—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

使用磁耦合谐振从近距离(例如，一表面上)或者从较远距离或在较远距离上以无线方式对装置供电。

Description

无线功率传送系统及方法
本申请案主张2008年4月21日申请的第61/046,757号临时申请案的优先权，所述临时申请案的整个内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
背景技术
我们先前的申请案和临时申请案，包含(但不限于)2008年1月22日申请的题目为“无线设备和方法(WirelessApparatusandMethods)”的第12/018,069号美国专利申请案(其整个揭示内容以引用的方式并入本文中)，描述了发射器与接收器之间的无线功率传送。
发射和接收天线优选为谐振天线，其为大体上谐振的，例如10％的谐振、15％的谐振或20％的谐振以内。天线可具有小尺寸以允许其配合到用于天线的可用空间可能有限的移动手持装置中。一实施例描述针对正在发射和接收的功率的特定特性和环境的高效率天线。
一个实施例通过将能量存储在发射天线的近场中而不是以行进电磁波的形式将能量发送到自由空间中而在两个天线之间使用有效的功率传送。此实施例增加了天线的质量因数(Q)。这可减小辐射电阻(Rr)和损耗电阻(Rl)。
发明人注意到由此系统提出的许多解决方案包含在一距离下的功率递送，例如在从功率发射器到接收器的数英寸或英尺上的功率递送。在我们的共同待决申请案中揭示的技术允许以合理的效率(例如在3英尺与5英尺之间)和从5％到40％的效率来递送功率。
发明内容
然而，注意到许多用户和/或制造商实际上偏好较高的功率递送效率，且希望以近距离接受此功率递送。举例来说，许多人偏好超过90％有效的功率递送解决方案，即使所述功率递送解决方案使用起来不太方便。发明人注意到已用于在一距离下的功率递送的谐振可实际上用以当在紧密接触情形中使用时产生非常高的效率。
一方面描述一种磁耦合谐振系统，其包含抵靠其接纳待被提供功率的装置的第一垫表面。所述装置使用磁耦合谐振以第一功率传送效率向所述垫表面上的装置提供功率。以低于所述第一效率的第二功率传送效率向不在所述第一表面上的其它装置提供功率，所述其它装置例如为远离所述垫例如少于12英寸或少于3英尺的装置。
所述装置和垫可各自使用具有天线的磁谐振电路，所述天线由经调谐到适当频率的由线圈形成的电感器和单独电容器形成。
本申请案揭示使用这些技术来形成无线桌面。无线桌面可用以对例如通信终端、蜂窝式电话或基于计算机的外围装置等个人电子装置充电，这些被充电装置是使用无线能量传送技术在无电线的情况下被供电或被再充电或两者。
附图说明
图1展示具有被无线供电项目的无线桌面；
图2展示等效电路；
图3A到3F展示具有和不具有折页(foldout)的垫上的单个接收器；
图4展示单个接收器的效率；
图5A到5D展示具有多个接收器的垫；
图6展示多个接收器的传送效率；
图7展示使用寄生的共面场耦合；以及
图8展示桌面寄生。
具体实施方式
一实施例使用利用磁场天线的耦合磁性谐振。实施例可在任一频率下操作，但两个实施例可在LF(例如，135kHz)或HF(例如，13.56MHz)下但以近距离来操作。一个实施例使用与电容器串联的环形线圈作为天线。在一个实施例中，接收器部分(例如，便携式装置)既定直接放置于垫上。在此实施例中，发射器与接收器之间存在相对小的固定距离。所述固定距离例如可通过垫的材料和外壳的材料的厚度来设定。此在形成发射器与接收器的线圈之间可小于一厘米或小于10mm。所述距离将为恒定的，因此所述项目在被抵靠垫按压时始终距天线相同的距离。
所述固定距离取决于垫的几何形状和被充电项目的几何形状。在实施例中，天线可经调谐为在所述恒定距离处具有最大响应。此调谐以及本说明书中描述的其它调谐操作可经计算且随后通过例如试错法(trialanderror)来优化。
然而，不同于其它近距离充电系统，此系统还可对位于与天线相距一距离(例如，数英寸或英尺)处的项目充电。天线在一距离下充电时不太有效，但仍将在所述距离下提供功率。这允许对未直接放置于充电垫上的项目充电-不同于除了在极为特定的固定距离和/或定向下之外本质上完全不提供任何电荷的纯感应系统。
这产生了某些优点，包含在将装置放置于充电垫上时使用较小精度的能力。即使装置未放置于垫上，其仍将从附近以较低电平接收充电。即使当装置未精确放置于垫上时，较低电平电荷也可例如在0.05瓦与0.25瓦之间。
为了有效地利用桌面空间且减少桌面布线，功率发射器/功率基座的天线可并入到通常存在于桌面上的主机装置中。实施例将所述主机装置描述为包含PC监视器或灯，但可为任何其它项目，例如打印机、扫描仪、传真机、电话、路由器等。
发射器单元可从已经存在于此主机装置中的110/230VAC电源直接供电，因此不需要额外的电源线或功率连接。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，发射天线嵌入于PC监视器屏幕100的底座104中或桌灯110的底座112中。底座可为圆盘形以容纳产生对称磁场的圆形线环形天线。此场在桌上在天线环的平面中的任何位置处几乎都是垂直极化的。此实施例支持集成在具有无线功率功能的装置中的天线环的共面定向；也就是说，当接收装置中的环形线圈定向于与发射装置中的环形线圈大体上平行的平面中时将获得最佳功率传送。充电基座的表面可大体上与线圈平行，使得可维持共面关系。图7说明共面操作可如何扩展到桌面上的所有项目。
此共面定向可例如用于(在以通常方式放置的情况下)集成到键盘、鼠标装置和例如移动电话、MP3播放器、PDA等许多其它电子装置中的线环形天线。然而，此可在其它应用中使用。
在另一实施例中，在如图1所示的桌面上可能存在一个以上功率基座。功率从最靠近接收装置的基座或从多个不同源供应。
每一功率基座还可提供用以将装置直接放置于线环形天线上的区域，从而导致最强耦合，因此实现高效率下的高功率传送。此紧密接近耦合是通过提供例如邻近于充电线圈的表面105来实现。在此实施例中，一个以上装置可放置于此充电垫表面105上。这具有的另一优点是允许较大的用于发射的线圈，其还提供改进的效率。
具有较长的电池使用时间(batteryautonomy)的低功率装置(例如键盘或计算机鼠标)可放置于功率基座的附近以通过接近耦合来充电。用于这些装置的可用功率和传送效率将低于固定距离耦合的情况。然而，这些装置可恒定地充电且间歇地使用。因此，这些装置不需要连续充电。在一个实施例中，当其它装置另外放置于充电垫上时充电量可能减少，因为多个装置可比单个装置对系统造成更重负担。
功率基座附近的磁场强度将优选低于安全临界水平。功率基座可另外提供在人员正接近的情况下自动减少磁场强度的功能。此功能可使用红外线或微波人员检测108。此可为接近检测器(proximitydetector)，例如可通过用户接近而激活的检测器。
第一实施例手动致动接近检测器。在磁场存在的情况下感到不舒服的人员可开启所述功能。此功能将还可致使附近的装置在人员位于附近时的时间期间停止接收功率。这可例如使用IR检测器来检测人员的存在。
另一实施例可始终使接近检测器处于活动中，且在…时自动关闭所述功能。
例如无绳电话、数码相机等其它装置可放置于充电台上。这允许使无线功率接收器及其天线成为再充电台的组成部分。充电台可提供较多区域和/或空间来集成有效的功率接收器而不是便携式装置本身。举例来说，这可使用电触点，或通过使用无线技术或无线寄生天线，如本文描述。充电台本身可经配置为且用作功率中继器或寄生天线，其改进发射器与接收电荷的便携式装置之间的耦合。
在图1所示的实施例中，在用户的“桌面”上可能存在若干不同的电操作装置，其可为用户用于每日工作的项目。一个此项目是用于PC的监视器100。此消耗由插入到AC电源插座中的110V连接102提供的功率而操作。110V连接100为监视器的操作提供功率，且还为集成到监视器的基座中的无线表面104提供功率。充电垫可使用本文详细描述的技术。
无线接近充电可在区域105中启用，区域105形成基座上的平坦表面。根据此实施例，无线接近充电可针对近距离连接特定调谐，但其也可在较远距离连接上适当操作。表面105可经定尺寸以使得例如手机和PDA(例如107)等装置可搁置于表面上。虽然充电针对区域105优化，但充电也在其它区域中实施。
在此实施例中，还存在作为桌灯110的一部分的另一充电基座。此形成其上具有区域113的充电基座112。如在104充电基座中一样，充电经优化以用于使用磁耦合谐振实施例如114等项目的近距离(upclose)接近充电。其也可对距充电基座较远的项目充电。
除了在充电基座上对例如114等项目充电之外，项目中的任一者或两者还产生磁谐振输出功率，所述磁谐振输出功率耦合到为无线充电而启用的远程装置。这些远程装置例如可在其中包含以与发射相同的频率谐振的磁谐振天线。在一实施例中，这可处于13.56MHz或处于135Khz或处于任何其它频率。
被充电装置可包含数码相机121、无线鼠标122和无线键盘123。这些装置中的每一者例如可在其中包含电池，所述电池通过装置的操作而充电。
一个重要特征在于，近距离充电(upclosecharge)可以高效率实施，或远距离充电(distancecharge)可以较低效率实施。
图2展示功率发射系统的等效电路，且说明可如何计算效率。功率源200部分包含功率源205，例如AC插座。功率源205具有等效损耗电阻210。损耗电阻210对电阻和功率转换损耗进行建模。或者，例如在来自功率源的功率改变到某一其它频率或某一其它功率值的情况下，功率源可包含转换电子元件的一些部分。
功率源205经由端子215连接到天线部分220。天线包含电感器230和串联电容235。电感器和电容的LC常数经调谐以大体上处于源205的频率。天线还展示损耗电阻值235，其为表示发射天线损耗的寄生值，所述损耗包含内部损耗、外部损耗和辐射损耗。
磁场250在天线230附近产生。其耦合到接收器的天线240。如在天线230中一样，天线240包含电感器242电容器244。电感器和电容器形成与接收到的所接收频率谐振的电路。
串联电阻246展现接收天线损耗。输入功率Pr经由端子248连接到负载260。负载260还包含展示为串联电阻的接收功率损耗262，其可作为系统中的损耗来建模。
这些损耗可包含功率转换损耗以及串联电阻损耗。
另一系统可尝试在各种不同情境中获得最大效率。举例来说，在一种情境中，可通过在存在未加载的接收器的情况下改变电容以获得操作频率下的谐振来调谐发射天线。在未加载的接收器情境中，负载的电阻是无限大的。经加载的接收器改变此电阻。还可通过在存在未加载的发射器的情况下或在多个发射器的情况下调谐接收天线以改变电容等来实施接收器测量。
可测量不同的值。电容值调整可用于例如未加载、适度加载(例如，单个负载)或高程度加载的系统。可动态切换不同的电容值以产生最高效率值且以所述值操作。
图3A到3F展示充电的不同情境。图3A展示大的充电垫305上的常规PDA300。在所述实施例中，这可为可具有26cm直径的低频率充电垫。另一实施例可使用PDA310，其包含折页式天线部分315。折页式天线部分315可包含可远离装置的主体而折叠以改进耦合效率的环形天线。
图3C展示小的垫实施例，其中垫320大体上与PDA300尺寸相同。在此实施例中，垫可为6x9cm。图3B展示此垫可如何与折页实施例(其中翼片(flap)315直接配合在垫320上)一起使用。图3E和3F中展示中型垫。在此实施例中，中型垫330上包含PDA300，或其折页平坦的折页式PDA310。中型垫在此实施例中直径可为18cm。
这些装置的效率结果在图4中展示，图4展示不同尺寸的装置可如何在不同尺寸的垫上定位。六种情形中的五种具有大于80％的效率。即使由具有在电话中的集成接收器的大的垫产生的最低效率也具有50％的传送效率。
图5A到5D中展示的另一实施例可使用全部在同一垫上的多个接收器。由于垫(尤其是大的和中型的垫)具有足够大以物理上保持多个不同电话的尺寸，因此多个不同装置可全部放置于所述垫上。
图5A到5D说明这些不同实施例。在图5A中，垫305上包含三个PDA电话/装置，展示为400、402和404；然而，所述垫可包含更多或更少的装置。
在图5B实施例中，装置具有折页式天线(其中装置510、512和514各自表示垫上的一PDA)，且其折页抵靠垫而平坦且远离电话的主体。
图5C展示中型垫330，其上具有两个电话400、402，而图5B展示此同一垫，其上具有两个折页510、512。
图6展示此系统的测得的效率，其中大多数的效率再次大于80％。
系统的效率ηa可计算为端子215上的输入功率除以端子248上的接收功率
或ηa＝Pr/Pt。
图8中所示的另一实施例形成功率中继器作为寄生天线，其改进能量源与散能装置(energysink)之间的耦合。能量源由谐振天线810形成，其可为谐振电容器和电感器。可使用寄生天线800，其也可以相同频率谐振。此寄生天线可经扩展以覆盖桌面区域820的大部分，如图所示。此寄生环路可安装在桌下方，或建置到桌面表面中，或放在桌的表面上例如作为平坦结构(例如，桌垫板)。寄生装置可由单个且小的有源功率基座来激励，且可用以显著改进所述区域中的无线桌面供电和充电的性能和效率。
然而来自小的功率基座的感应性激励可为方便的解决方案，因为其不需要任何零件的集成。在寄生天线以不可见方式集成到桌面中时尤其如此。图8说明大的寄生环路，借此改进功率基座与接收器装置之间的耦合。寄生环路可覆盖整个桌表面，从而提供遍及所述桌表面的热区。寄生天线在此实施例中提供功率向整个桌面区域的无源中继。
同一种类的天线在另一实施例中也可直接从发射器单元来驱动。
本文描述可用以实现实施较一般目标的不同方式的一般结构和技术以及较特定的实施例。
虽然上文已详细揭示仅几个实施例，但其它实施例是可能的且发明人既定这些涵盖于本说明书内。说明书描述特定实例以实现可以另一方式实现的较一般目标。本发明既定为示范性的，且权利要求书既定涵盖所属领域的一般技术人员可能可预测的任何修改或替代。
而且，发明人既定仅使用词语“用于…的装置”的那些权利要求既定根据35USC112第六章来解释。此外，来自说明书的任何限制均不既定在任何权利要求中加入另外的意思，除非在权利要求中明确包含那些限制。
在本文提到特定数值的情况下，应考虑到所述值可增加或减小20％，同时仍保持在本申请案的教示内，除非明确提到某一不同范围。在使用指定逻辑意义的情况下，也既定涵盖相反的逻辑意义。

Claims (29)

1.一种无线功率传送系统，其包括：
充电基座，其被集成到桌面组件中且经配置以被放置于桌面上；
发射器，其位于所述充电基座之上，且包含缠绕在平面的发射线圈，所述发射器经配置以通过无线场从所述发射线圈向第一接收器无线地传送功率；以及
功率中继器，其在所述充电基座和所述桌面组件之外，所述功率中继器经配置以被放置于所述桌面上且经配置以中继从所述发射器接收的功率，以改进所述发射器与至少一个外围装置之间的耦合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述功率中继器比所述发射器大。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述发射线圈针对所述充电基座的材料的厚度而被调谐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述发射器进一步经配置以通过所述无线场从所述发射线圈向位于所述充电基座之外的第二接收器无线地传送功率，其中所述第二接收器包含接收器线圈，且其中所述发射器经配置以：当所述第二接收器的所述接收器线圈定向于与所述充电基座内的所述发射器的所述发射线圈平行的平面中时，向所述第二接收器传送最大功率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述功率中继器包含寄生天线，且其中所述寄生天线包括寄生天线线圈。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述外围装置包含键盘、计算机鼠标或便携式电子装置PED中的至少一者。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述桌面组件包含监视器、灯或电话充电器中的至少一者。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中与所述发射器相比所述外围装置位于距所述功率中继器较近。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述功率中继器包含环路，所述环路经配置以：当所述外围装置被放置于所述桌面内时，至少部分地围绕所述外围装置。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其进一步包括允许检测人员的接近且在检测到人员的所述接近后即刻终止发射的装置。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述允许检测人员的接近且在检测到人员的所述接近后即刻终止发射的装置接通以检测所述人员的接近，且断开以连续发射功率。
12.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述充电基座由经配置以维持所述第一接收器和所述第二接收器之间的恒定距离的材料所构成，且其中所述发射器被调谐到在所述恒定距离处具有最大响应。
13.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述功率中继器集成在所述桌面中。
14.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述功率中继器比所述充电基座尺寸大。
15.一种无线功率传送系统，其包括：
磁耦合谐振系统，其使用磁耦合谐振向装置提供功率，所述磁耦合谐振系统包括：
充电基座，其被集成到桌面组件中且经配置以被放置于桌面上；以及
发射器，其位于所述充电基座之上，且包含缠绕在平面的发射线圈，所述发射器经配置以通过无线场从所述发射线圈向第一接收器无线地传送功率；以及
功率中继器，其在所述充电基座和所述桌面组件之外，所述功率中继器经配置以被放置于所述桌面上且经配置以中继从所述发射器接收的功率，以改进所述发射器与至少一个外围装置之间的耦合；以及
允许检测人员的接近且在检测到人员的所述接近后即刻终止发射的装置，其耦合到所述磁耦合谐振系统。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述允许检测人员的接近且在检测到人员的所述接近后即刻终止发射的装置接通以检测所述人员的所述接近，且断开以连续发射功率。
17.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述磁耦合谐振系统经配置以第一功率传送效率向所述第一接收器提供功率。
18.根据权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述磁耦合谐振系统进一步经配置以低于所述第一功率传送效率的第二功率传送效率向位于所述充电基座之外的第二接收器提供功率。
19.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述功率中继器比所述发射器大。
20.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述发射线圈针对所述充电基座的材料的厚度而被调谐。
21.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中与所述发射器相比所述外围装置位于距所述功率中继器较近。
22.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述发射器进一步经配置以通过所述无线场从所述发射线圈向位于所述充电基座之外的第二接收器无线地传送功率，其中所述第二接收器包含接收器线圈，且其中所述发射器经配置以：当所述第二接收器的所述接收器线圈定向于与所述充电基座内的所述发射器的所述发射线圈平行的平面中时，向所述第二接收器传送最大功率。
23.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述功率中继器包含寄生天线，且其中所述寄生天线包括寄生天线线圈。
24.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述外围装置包含键盘、计算机鼠标或便携式电子装置PED中的至少一者。
25.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述桌面组件包含监视器、灯或电话充电器中的至少一者。
26.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述功率中继器包含环路，所述环路其经配置以：当所述外围装置被放置于所述桌面内时，至少部分地围绕所述外围装置。
27.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述充电基座由经配置以维持所述第一接收器和所述第二接收器之间的恒定距离的材料所构成，且其中所述发射器被调谐到在所述恒定距离处具有最大响应。
28.一种无线功率传送方法，其包括：
在发射器处通过无线场向位于充电基座上的接收器无线地传送功率，所述充电基座被集成到桌面组件中且经配置以被放置于桌面上，所述发射器位于所述充电基座之上且包含缠绕在平面的发射线圈；以及
在功率中继器处中继从所述发射器接收的功率，以改进所述发射器与至少一个外围装置之间的耦合，所述功率中继器在所述充电基座和所述桌面组件之外，所述功率中继器经配置以被放置于所述桌面上。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中所述功率中继器比所述发射器大，其中所述功率中继器包含寄生天线，且其中所述寄生天线包括寄生天线线圈。
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