CN101999329A - Method capable of improving adhesion rate of sea cucumber seedlings and survival rate of young sea cucumbers - Google Patents
Method capable of improving adhesion rate of sea cucumber seedlings and survival rate of young sea cucumbers Download PDFInfo
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- CN101999329A CN101999329A CN2010102950195A CN201010295019A CN101999329A CN 101999329 A CN101999329 A CN 101999329A CN 2010102950195 A CN2010102950195 A CN 2010102950195A CN 201010295019 A CN201010295019 A CN 201010295019A CN 101999329 A CN101999329 A CN 101999329A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method capable of improving the adhesion rate of sea cucumber seedlings and the survival rate of young sea cucumbers, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, carrying out parental sea cucumber egg taking and fertilized egg hatching; then breeding larva with baits; putting polyparies so that the young sea cucumbers adhere to; and finally feeding the baits to breed the young sea cucumbers; and peeling the young sea cucumbers off the polyparies after a majority of young sea cucumber bodies grow to 15-20mm. The method is characterized in that the baits utilized in the initial period of larva breeding are Chaetoceros muelleri and utilized in the later period are a mixed alga solution of Chaetoceros muelleri, Nitzschia closterium minutissima and Dicrateria inornata; the polyparies are the optimized polyparies; and the baits of the young sea cucumbers after adhesion are fresh sea mud and matched fermented fodders. The invention can not only improve the adhesion rate and the survival rate of the sea cucumber seedlings, but also produce the optimized polyparies through utilizing an aged transparent polyethylene corrugated plate to reduce the seedling-breeding cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mariculture field, particularly a kind of cultural method that sea cucumber seedlings adhesive rate and young ginseng survival rate are significantly improved.
Background technology
Now the sea cucumber as cultured product has another name called imitative stichopus japonicus [Apostichopus japonicas (Selenka)], belong to Echinodermata (Echinodermata), Holothuroidea (Holothuroidea), Xie hand order (Aspidochirota), Stichopodidae (Stichopodidae), imitative stichopus japonicus belongs to (Apostichopus), is typical temperate zone kind.The sea cucumber artificial breeding technique of China starts from 1954, and people such as Zhang Fengying utilize methods such as dissecting sexual gland, and auricularia has been cultivated in artificial insemination, has after this cultivated young ginseng, children's ginseng again.To the eighties in 20th century, the sea cucumber seedling growing process has had breakthrough development, has established the factorial seedling growth new technology.After this, the sea cucumber seedling growing process has had bigger progress.Ground such as Liaoning, Shandong particularly, the holothruian cultures industry development is swift and violent.2008, the sea cucumber nursery in Liaoning and Shandong surpassed 1000 families, emerged about 2000 tons.Along with the raising of people's living standard, the demand of sea cucumber will improve constantly, and its output must have bigger development space.
The process of existing sea cucumber seedling growing process is roughly as follows: 1. ovum and incubating oosperm are adopted in parent participation: parent participation that the sea cucumber nursery is generally individual greatly from plant's purchase, the sea cucumber conduct of gonadal maturation is grown seedlings.Adopt nature exhaust method, method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade or stimulation by running water method to make the smart ovulation of parent participation row, control in the spawning pond smart ovum ratio at 3-5: 1 as far as possible.After fertilization carries out the branch pond with fertilized egg, and fertilized egg density is controlled at 800,000-1,000,000/m
3In the incubating oosperm process, constantly unnecessary sperm is pulled out also and stirred Chi Shui one time per half an hour, prevent the development of fertilized ova deformity.2. larval culture: after the young hatching, the lopsided unsound young that utilizes siphonage will be sunken to bottom is drained.Select the healthy and strong young to divide the pond to cultivate, general density is 0.5/ml, and the control water temperature is 20 ℃, carries out continuous aeration, changes water twice every day, and quantity of exchanged water is 30% of total breeding water body, and carry out bait throwing in according to the degree of being satiated with food of the young every day, every day three to four times.Bait mostly is bait such as salt algae, Chaetoceros muelleri, chlorella.Daily ration, feeding quantity calculates according to the breeding water body volume, and microtia young daily ration of feeding is 20,000 frustule/ml, and the middle ear young is 30,000 frustule/ml, and the big ear young is 40,000 frustule/ml, and adjusts daily ration, feeding quantity according to the degree of being satiated with food of the young.3. young ginseng is adhered to: the lay polyethylene film accepts young ginseng to the bottom at the bottom of the pond when a small amount of doliolaria appears in the young, throws in adherance in second day.Young ginseng adherance commonly used mainly contains transparent polyethylene corrugated plating, cellothene, old etting, scallop cage etc.4. young ginseng is cultivated: after young ginseng was adhered to, diatom was its optimum bait.Except that benthic diatom, also have mouse tail algae powder, Articial bait making and ooze etc.Multiple bait can be used alone, but also also mix together, and throws something and feeds every day twice.Throw in adherance after 8 days, fall the pond, after this remove contamination as the case may be or the work of falling the pond.Adopt flowing water, change water and fall the method in pond and carry out the renewal exchange of breeding water.The control suitable temperature carries out continuous oxygenation.When proceeding breed or releasing, can use KCl anaesthesia or direct flowing water ballistic method that young ginseng is stripped down from adherance.
Nowadays, the adhesive rate of seedling, survival rate are generally on the low side, and tracing it to its cause is to lack a kind of good adherance and matched with it sea cucumber seedling growing process at present.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that improves sea cucumber seedlings adhesive rate and young ginseng survival rate, to remedy the above-mentioned deficiency of existing sea cucumber seedling growing process.
A kind of method that improves sea cucumber seedlings adhesive rate and young ginseng survival rate, at first carry out parent participation and adopt ovum and incubating oosperm, cultivate the young with bait then, throwing in adherance again adheres to young ginseng, the bait of throwing something and feeding is at last cultivated young ginseng, treat after most of young ginseng body reaches 15mm-20mm young ginseng to be peeled off adherance, it is characterized in that the bait that the larval culture initial stage uses is Chaetoceros muelleri, the later stage is the mixed algae liquid of Chaetoceros muelleri, little Nitzschia closterium minutissima, Dicrateria inornata; Described adherance is for optimizing adherance; The bait that adheres to the young ginseng in back is fresh ooze and cooperates fermented forage.
The present invention can improve the adhesive rate and the survival rate of sea cucumber seedlings, can reduce seedling cost by utilizing aging transparent polyethylene corrugated plating to make the optimization adherance again.
Embodiment
1. ovum and incubating oosperm are adopted in parent participation: buy the sea cucumber of individual big, gonadal maturation as growing seedlings parent participation from plant.After storage pond, holding pond drained water parent participation was dried in the shade 45 minutes, and then with stimulation by running water 45 minutes, adopt and dry in the shade and method that stimulation by running water combines can make sea cucumber lay eggs simultaneously and can improve the egg laying amount of sea cucumber.Afterwards parent participation is put into the spawning pond that water temperature has been adjusted to 20 ℃ along pool wall, constantly male parent participation is taken out after the ovulation of female ginseng, smart ovum ratio is at 3-5 in the control spawning pond: 1.After fertilization carries out the branch pond with siphonage, and fertilized egg density is controlled at 800,000/m
3About.In the incubating oosperm process, constantly unnecessary sperm is pulled and is stirred one time per half an hour out Chi Shui, to reduce the probability of sea cucumber development of fertilized ova deformity.
2. larval culture: after the young hatching, the lopsided unsound young that utilizes siphonage will be sunken to bottom is drained.Select the healthy and strong young to use siphonage to carry out the branch pond, general density is 0.5/ml, the control water temperature is 20 ℃, carry out continuous aeration, use every day 22 ℃ of pre-hot sea waters to change water twice, quantity of exchanged water is 30% of total breeding water body, and regulate daily ration, feeding quantity according to the degree of being satiated with food of the young every day, every day is bait throwing in during changing water, four times a day.Initial stage the Chaetoceros muelleri of only throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is 5000 frustule/ml; When growing to the middle ear young, the mixed algae liquid of the Chaetoceros muelleri of throwing something and feeding, little Nitzschia closterium minutissima, Dicrateria inornata, the ratio of three's frustule number is 1: 1: 1.Feeding volume is 7000 frustule/ml.Suitably regulate daily ration, feeding quantity according to the situation of being satiated with food of the sea cucumber young every day, full and culture no residual bait in the pond with the stomach that guarantees the sea cucumber young.Multiple bait mix throw something and feed can supplementary schedule kind food nutrition deficiency, promote the growth of sea cucumber seedlings.
3. young ginseng is adhered to: treat that the sea cucumber paedomorphosis to the big ear young later stage, drops into when 5 pairs of orbicules appear in health and optimizes adherance.After five pairs of orbicules appear in big ear paedomorphosis, promptly enter the doliolaria phase in 24 hours, throw in the adhesive rate that adherance helps improving sea cucumber seedlings this moment.Oyster shells on this optimization adherance is a porous material, can be beneficial to prolong the time of staying of bait on adherance such as adhering to diatom, ooze, is beneficial to ingesting of sea cucumber seedlings.Before this is optimized adherance and uses, be to soak two days in 1% the sodium hydrate aqueous solution prior to mass percent.To optimize in the laterally inserted sea cucumber basket of adherance, insert 20 for every basket.Be that 5% potassium permanganate solution and using sea area for aquatic breeding water wash with mass fraction successively again, guarantee that sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate do not have residual.After throwing in the optimization adherance, 2g/m splashes in each breed pond
3Penicillin and 1.5g/m
3Streptomycin.Change during operations such as water, bait throwing in and the larval culture identical.Sodium hydroxide solution can be removed and optimize the particularly harmful chemical in the epoxide-resin glue of adherance, and potassium permanganate then can be killed the pest on the adherance.
4. young ginseng is cultivated: after young ginseng is adhered to, spirulina powder, mouse tail algae powder, aluzyme are fermented according to 10: 20: 1 ratio of quality, the fermentation back is filtered the back with 200 order mesh bags and is thrown something and fed twice every day, and each daily ration, feeding quantity is 10g/m
3Fresh ooze is thrown something and fed with the cooperation fermented forage after 24 hours through aeration, and daily ration, feeding quantity also is 10g/m
3Daily ration, feeding quantity is regulated according to the situation of ingesting of young ginseng.After the bait throwing in 15 minutes, stop aeration and helped sea cucumber bait in 30 minutes and deposit on the adherance, reduce the bait waste.Throw in adherance after 8 days, fall the pond, after this remove contamination as the case may be or the work of falling the pond.Adopt the flowing water method to carry out the renewal exchange of breeding water.The control suitable temperature carries out continuous oxygenation.When proceeding to culture or releasing, service property (quality) percentage is that 0.35% KCl sea water solution soaked after 5 minutes, is moved back in the fresh seawater.Adopt the KCl anaesthesia to peel off the young douche of proofreading and to reduce the frictionally damage of oyster shells young ginseng.
Claims (4)
1. method that improves sea cucumber seedlings adhesive rate and young ginseng survival rate, at first carry out parent participation and adopt ovum and incubating oosperm, cultivate the young with bait then, throwing in adherance again adheres to young ginseng, the bait of throwing something and feeding is at last cultivated young ginseng, treat after most of young ginseng body reaches 15mm-20mm young ginseng to be peeled off adherance, it is characterized in that the bait that the larval culture initial stage uses is Chaetoceros muelleri, the later stage is the mixed algae liquid of Chaetoceros muelleri, little Nitzschia closterium minutissima, Dicrateria inornata; Described adherance is for optimizing adherance; The bait that adheres to the young ginseng in back is fresh ooze and cooperates fermented forage.
2. the method for raising sea cucumber seedlings adhesive rate as claimed in claim 1 and young ginseng survival rate, the feeding volume that it is characterized in that described Chaetoceros muelleri is 5000 frustule/ml, three's frustule number ratio is 1: 1: 1 in the mixed algae liquid of described Chaetoceros muelleri, little Nitzschia closterium minutissima, Dicrateria inornata, and feeding volume is 7000 frustule/ml.
3. the method for raising sea cucumber seedlings adhesive rate as claimed in claim 1 and young ginseng survival rate, it is characterized in that described optimization adherance is to smear an epoxy glue layer on the transparent polyethylene corrugated plating, adhere to an oyster shells layer on epoxy glue layer again, wherein the oyster shells particle diameter is 45 orders-60 orders.
4. the method for raising sea cucumber seedlings adhesive rate as claimed in claim 1 and young ginseng survival rate, it is characterized in that the ooze of described fresh ooze for handling in 24 hours through aeration, described cooperation fermented forage is the product after spirulina powder, mouse tail algae powder and the aluzyme fermentation, and wherein the mass ratio of spirulina powder, mouse tail algae powder, aluzyme is 10: 20: 1.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102550453A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-07-11 | 中国海洋大学 | Sea cucumber seed raising method using bacterial membrane attachment substances |
| CN103270986A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-09-04 | 山东省海洋水产研究所 | Application of KCl in artificial induction of attachment and metamorphosis in larval Apostichopus japonicus |
| CN103960171A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-08-06 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Artificial cultivation method for bohadschia argus larvae |
| CN106614209A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Feeding system and method for apostichopus japonicas industrial aquaculture |
| CN112655610A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Efficient cultivation method for tropical sea cucumber seedlings |
| CN112655611A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and hastening parents of Apostichopus japonicus selenka, hastening parturition and efficiently cultivating seedlings |
| CN113115729A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2021-07-16 | 大连鑫玉龙海洋生物种业科技股份有限公司 | Method for feeding sea cucumber seedlings by mixing granulated feed and fermented feed |
| CN113796474A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-17 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Compound feed for culturing tropical sea cucumber larvae in planktonic period and preparation method thereof |
| CN114304010A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 烟台市海洋经济研究院(烟台市渔业技术推广站、烟台市海洋捕捞增殖管理站) | Method for improving survival rate and growth speed of apostichopus japonicus seedlings |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102550453A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-07-11 | 中国海洋大学 | Sea cucumber seed raising method using bacterial membrane attachment substances |
| CN103960171A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-08-06 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Artificial cultivation method for bohadschia argus larvae |
| CN103960171B (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2015-12-23 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Bohadschia argus Jaeger fingerlings artificial culturing method |
| CN103270986A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-09-04 | 山东省海洋水产研究所 | Application of KCl in artificial induction of attachment and metamorphosis in larval Apostichopus japonicus |
| CN103270986B (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-09-03 | 山东省海洋水产研究所 | Application of KCL in artificial induction of attachment and metamorphosis in larval Apostichopus japonicus |
| CN106614209A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Feeding system and method for apostichopus japonicas industrial aquaculture |
| CN113115729A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2021-07-16 | 大连鑫玉龙海洋生物种业科技股份有限公司 | Method for feeding sea cucumber seedlings by mixing granulated feed and fermented feed |
| CN112655610A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Efficient cultivation method for tropical sea cucumber seedlings |
| CN112655611A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Method for reversely hanging, dispersedly domesticating and hastening parents of Apostichopus japonicus selenka, hastening parturition and efficiently cultivating seedlings |
| CN113796474A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-17 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Compound feed for culturing tropical sea cucumber larvae in planktonic period and preparation method thereof |
| CN114304010A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 烟台市海洋经济研究院(烟台市渔业技术推广站、烟台市海洋捕捞增殖管理站) | Method for improving survival rate and growth speed of apostichopus japonicus seedlings |
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