CN101990518A - 包含官能化的石墨烯片的涂料以及用其涂覆的物品 - Google Patents
包含官能化的石墨烯片的涂料以及用其涂覆的物品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101990518A CN101990518A CN2009801101505A CN200980110150A CN101990518A CN 101990518 A CN101990518 A CN 101990518A CN 2009801101505 A CN2009801101505 A CN 2009801101505A CN 200980110150 A CN200980110150 A CN 200980110150A CN 101990518 A CN101990518 A CN 101990518A
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Abstract
包含官能化的石墨烯片和至少一种粘合剂的涂料。在一种实施方式中,所述涂料是导电的。
Description
本发明是由美国的国家科学基金授予的基金号CMS-060049、以及NASA授予的基金号NCC1-02037资助的。美国政府对本发明享有某些权益。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包含官能化的石墨烯片和至少一种粘合剂的涂料。所述涂料可以是导电的。
背景技术
可以使用表面涂料以赋予物品所希望的性能,该性能并不是物品自身所具有的性能或者所具有的性能不充分。例如,有各种应用领域希望使用具有良好物理性能的导电和/或导热部件。因为其固有的导电性和经常有益的物理性能,对于这些应用领域经常使用金属,但是金属可能具有许多缺点,包括增加的重量、成本以及它们难于和/或不方便形成各种形状包括复杂部件。
通过使用聚合物材料可以克服许多这些缺点,聚合物材料与金属相比具有成本、重量、加工性以及设计上的灵活性等优点。但是,对于许多应用领域,大多数聚合物材料本身所具有的导电性或导热性是不够的。在某些情况下,可以通过将填料添加到聚合物中来制备导电的聚合树脂组合物,但需要大的装填量,在其他可能的缺点中,这可能对该材料的物理和其他性能不利、以及导致在使用热塑性材料时熔融加工困难。
在许多情况中,仅有部件的某一部分是导电的就足够。例如,当电子部件越来越普及时,容易获得具有电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽性能的各种材料变得日益重要。许多电子部件的支架能够由聚合物材料方便地制备,但是作为EMI屏蔽具有足够导电性的有用聚合物是很少的,它们必须使用导电添加剂,这往往可能对该材料的其他性能(例如物理性能)具有不利影响。因此,希望方便地获得可以应用于聚合物支架或其他物品以达到所希望程度的EMI屏蔽性的导电涂料。
导电涂料也可有利地与金属一起使用。例如,可以使用导电涂料来提供具有持久防腐性能的金属结构体。
涂料也可用于无数其他应用,包括提供防紫外辐射、耐磨损、导热、抗冲击、高硬度以及许多其他应用。
获得可用于广泛范围的基板以提供有用性能的涂料是所期望的。
美国专利US 6,265,466公开了一种具有纳米管的电磁屏蔽复合材料。美国专利US 7,060,241公开了包含碳纳米管的导电膜。美国专利US 7,118,693公开了提供抗电磁干扰的屏蔽性能的相似涂层,其包括绝缘层和含导电材料的导电层。美国专利US 2007/0092432公开了热剥离型氧化石墨。
发明内容
本发明公开了且要求保护一种包含官能化的石墨烯片和至少一种粘合剂的涂料。进一步公开了和要求保护用包含官能化的石墨烯片和至少一种粘合剂的涂料涂覆基板的方法。
具体实施方式
本发明中所使用的术语“涂料”是指适于应用至基板上形式的涂料,以及被应用至所述基板后、正在被应用至所述基板、及任何应用后处理步骤(包括蒸发、交联、固化等)之前和之后的材料。在这些阶段期间,所述涂料组合物的组分可以变化。
所述涂料包含高表面积的官能化石墨烯片和至少一种粘合剂,并且可以任选地包含其他组分,例如至少一种除粘合剂以外的载体。
优选的粘合剂是聚合物粘合剂。聚合物粘合剂可以是热塑性材料或热固性材料,并且可以是弹性体。粘合剂也可以包含在将涂料应用至基板之前、期间或之后可以聚合的单体。聚合物粘合剂可以在涂料已经施用至基板以后交联或固化。优选聚合物粘合剂的示例包括:聚醚如聚环氧乙烷(也称作聚乙二醇)、聚环氧丙烷(也称作聚丙二醇)以及环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷共聚物;纤维素树脂(如乙基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、纤维素乙酸酯、醋酸丙酸纤维素以及乙酸丁酸纤维素);和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚乙烯醇及其衍生物、乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物、苯乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物、异丁烯/马来酸酐共聚物、醋酸乙烯酯/乙烯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、烯烃和苯乙烯共聚物、环氧树脂、丙烯酸胶乳聚合物(acrylic latex polymer)、聚酯丙烯酸酯低聚物和聚合物、聚酯二醇二丙烯酸酯聚合物、紫外可固化树脂和聚酰胺(包括具有在约120至255℃之间的熔点的聚酰胺聚合物和共聚物(即具有至少两个不同重复单元的聚酰胺)(例如由汉高(Henkel)以商品名Macromelt和由科宁(Cognis)以商品名Versamid销售的聚酰胺)。
高表面积的官能化的石墨烯片在本文中也被称为“FGS”,其是具有约300至约2630m2/g的表面积的石墨片。在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述FGS主要、基本全部或全部包含充分剥离的石墨单片(通常称为“石墨烯”),而在其它实施方式中,它们包含部分剥离的石墨片,其中两个以上的石墨片未被彼此剥离。所述的FGS可以包括充分剥离和部分剥离的石墨片的混合物。
获得石墨烯片的一个方法是由石墨和/或氧化石墨(还称作石墨酸或氧化石墨烯)获得。可以采用氧化剂和插层剂对石墨进行处理,并对其进行剥离。还可以采用插层剂对石墨进行处理,并进行电化学氧化和剥离。可以通过对石墨和/或氧化石墨在液体中的悬浮液进行超声剥离来形成石墨烯片。随后可以将剥离的氧化石墨分散液或悬浮液还原成石墨烯片。还可以通过机械处理(例如研磨(grinding)或球磨(milling))以剥离石墨或氧化石墨(其随后被还原为石墨烯片)来形成石墨烯片。
可以通过使用氢气或其它还原剂的化学还原法将氧化石墨还原成石墨烯。有用的化学还原剂的示例包括但不限于肼类(例如肼、N,N-二甲基肼等)、硼氢化钠、氢醌等。例如,可以采用任何适宜的方法(例如超声和/或机械研磨或球磨)制备剥离的氧化石墨在载体(例如水、有机溶剂或溶剂的混合物)中的分散液,并且被还原至石墨烯片。
在优选的方法中,石墨被氧化为氧化石墨,其随后被热剥离以形成为热剥离的氧化石墨形式的高表面积官能化石墨烯片,正如在US 2007/0092432(其公开的内容被引入本文作为参考)中所描述的。这样形成的官能化石墨烯片在其X射线或电子衍射图像中可能显示很少或没有与石墨或氧化石墨相对应的特征信号。
氧化石墨可以本领域所知的任何方法进行制造,例如通过包括使用一种以上的化学氧化剂和任选地插层剂例如硫酸对石墨进行氧化的方法。氧化剂的示例包括硝酸、硝酸钠和硝酸钾、高氯酸盐、过氧化氢、高锰酸钠和高锰酸钾、五氧化二磷、酸式亚硫酸盐等。优选的氧化剂包括KClO4;HNO3和KClO3;KMnO4和/或NaMnO4;KMnO4和NaNO3;K2S2O8和P2O5和KMnO4;KMnO4和HNO3;以及HNO3。优选的插层剂包括硫酸。还可采用插层剂对石墨进行处理,并进行电化学氧化。
剥离(包括氧化石墨的剥离)优选在至少250℃或更高的温度下进行,或更优选在从250至3000℃的温度下进行。
本发明使用的FGS优选具有约300至约2630m2/g的表面积,或更优选为约350至约2400m2/g,或进一步优选为约400至约2400m2/g,更进一步优选为约500至约2400m2/g。在另一个优选的实施方式中,所述表面积为约300至约1100m2/g。单石墨片具有2630m2/g的最大计算表面积。所述表面积包括所有值和它们之间的次值,尤其包括400、500、600、700、800、900、1000、1100、1200、1300、1400、1500、1600、1700、1800、1900、2000、2100、2200、2300、2400和2500m2/g。
可以采用氮吸附/BET法或优选地亚甲基蓝(MB)染色法测定表面积。
所述染色法按照如下步骤进行:将已知量的FGS加入到烧瓶中。然后将以每克FGS至少1.5g的亚甲基蓝加入到烧瓶中。向烧瓶中加入乙醇,并且所述的混合物超声破碎约15分钟。然后蒸发乙醇,并且向烧瓶中加入已知量的水以再次溶解游离的亚甲基蓝。优选通过对样品进行离心,使未溶解的物质沉降。采用紫外-可见分光光度计通过测定相对于标准浓度在λmax=298nm处的吸收测定溶液中MB的浓度。
开始加入的亚甲基蓝的量与由紫外-可见分光光度计测定的溶液中存在的量之间的差异被认定为是被吸收到FGS表面上的亚甲基蓝的量。然后,使用每mg被吸附的亚甲基蓝覆盖2.54m2的表面的值计算FGS的表面积。
所述的FGS优选具有约40至约0.1kg/m3的堆积密度。所述的堆积密度包括所有值和它们之间的次值,尤其包括0.5、1、5、10、15、20、25、30和35kg/m3。
所述的FGS典型地具有如元素分析所测定的至少约1∶1的碳氧比(C∶O比),或更优选为至少约3∶2。碳氧比的示例包括约3∶2至约85∶15;约3∶2至约20∶1;约3∶2至约30∶1;约3∶2至约40∶1;约3∶2至约60∶1;约3∶2至约80∶1;约3∶2至约100∶1;约3∶2至约200∶1;约3∶2至约500∶1;约3∶2至约1000∶1;约3∶2至大于1000∶1;约10∶1至约30∶1;约80∶1至约100∶1;约20∶1至约100∶1;约20∶1至约500∶1;约20∶1至约1000∶1。在本发明的一些实施方式中,碳氧比至少约为10∶1,或至少约为20∶1,或至少约为35∶1,或至少约为50∶1,或至少约为75∶1,或至少约为100∶1,或至少约为200∶1,或至少约为300∶1,或至少约为400∶1,或至少为500∶1,或至少约为750∶1,或至少约为1000∶1。
所述涂料可以任选地包含除了所述官能化石墨烯片之外的导电性组分,例如金属(包括金属合金)、导电性金属氧化物、聚合物、除了高表面积官能化的石墨烯片之外的含碳材料和镀金属的材料。这些组分可以是多种形式,包括颗粒、粉末、薄片、箔、针状等。
金属的示例包括但不限于银、铜、铝、铂、钯、镍、铬、金、青铜等。金属氧化物的示例包括氧化锑锡、氧化铟锡以及诸如由金属氧化物涂覆的填料的材料。涂覆金属和金属氧化物的材料包括但不限于涂覆金属的碳和石墨纤维、镀金属的玻璃纤维、镀金属的玻璃珠、镀金属的陶制材料(例如珠)等。这些材料可以采用包括镍的多种金属进行涂覆。
导电性聚合物的示例包括但不限于聚乙炔、聚乙烯二氧噻吩、聚苯胺、聚吡咯等。
除了高表面积官能化的石墨烯片之外的含碳材料的示例包括但不限于碳黑、石墨、碳纳米管、气相生长的碳纳米纤维、碳纤维、镀金属的碳纤维。
所述涂料可以任选地包括一种或多种载体,其中一些或所有组分可以溶解、悬浮、或者分散或负载在该载体中。适合的载体的示例包括但不限于水、蒸馏或合成的异链烷烃(isoparaffinic hydrocarbon)(例如埃索帕和诺帕(均由埃克森公司生产)和(由陶氏公司生产)、柑橘类萜烯和含有柑橘类萜烯的混合物(例如Purogen、Electron和Positron(均由普洛根公司生产))、柠檬烯、脂肪族石油蒸馏物、醇(例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、双丙酮醇、丁二醇等)、酮(例如丙酮、甲乙酮、环己酮、异丁酮、2,6,8-三甲基-4-壬酮等)、酯(例如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、卡必醇醋酸酯等)、二醇醚(例如丙二醇单甲醚和其它丙二醇醚、乙二醇单丁醚和其它乙二醇醚、乙二醇和丙二醇醚的醋酸酯)、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,以及前述两种以上的混合物和前述一种以上和其它载体的混合物。优选的溶剂包括低或无挥发性有机化合物(VOC)溶剂、非危险性空气污染溶剂和非卤代溶剂。
所述涂料可以任选地包括一种以上附加的添加剂,例如分散助剂(包括表面活性剂、乳化剂和润湿助剂)、增粘剂、增稠剂(包括粘土)、消泡剂和防泡剂、杀生物剂、附加的填料、助流剂、稳定剂、交联和固化剂等。在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述的表面活性剂为至少一种环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷共聚物。
分散助剂的示例包括二醇醚(例如聚环氧乙烷)、由环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷得到的嵌段共聚物(例如由巴斯夫以商品名销售的产品)、炔二醇(例如2,5,8,11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5,8-二醇乙氧化物(ethoxylate),和其它由空气化工产品公司(Air Products)以商品名和销售的产品)、羧酸的盐(包括碱金属盐和铵盐)和聚硅氧烷。
增粘剂的示例包括钛的螯合物和其它钛化合物,例如钛的磷酸盐配合物(包括磷酸丁基钛)、钛酸酯、二异丙氧基钛二(乙基-3-氧丁酸)盐、异丙氧基钛的乙酰丙酮化物(isopropoxy titanium acetylacetonate),以及由庄信万丰催化剂公司(Johnson-Matthey Catalysts)以商品名Vertec销售的其它产品。
基于所述涂料的总重量,官能化的石墨烯片优选以至少约0.01重量%存在于油墨中。在本发明的一个实施方式中,FGS优选以至少约0.01重量%存在于油墨中,或更优选以至少约0.05重量%,或进一步优选以至少约0.1重量%,或再一步优选以至少约0.5重量%,或更一步优选以至少约1重量%,其中所述的重量百分比是基于所述涂料被施用到基板并经过任何后应用处理(例如干燥、固化、交联等)之后所述涂料的总重量。但是,本领域的技术人员会认识到,可以基于所需要的导电率和特定的粘合剂以及其它任选地选择的组分来选择所述涂料中存在的FGS的量。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述涂料是导电性的,并且优选具有至少约10-8S/cm的导电率。在本发明的实施方式中,当希望所述涂料为半导体性时,它们优选具有约10-8S/cm至约103S/cm的导电率,或更优选为约10-7S/cm至约103S/cm。在本发明的另一个实施方式中,所述涂料优选具有至少约102S/cm的导电率,或更优选为至少约103S/cm,或进一步优选为至少约104S/cm。将所述涂料施用到基板并经过任何后应用处理(例如干燥、固化、交联等)之后来测定其导电率。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述涂料含有充足量的FGS,使得其具有比相应材料的导电率大的导电率,所述相应材料是包含所述涂料中除FGS之外的每种组分的材料。
所述涂料可以采用任何适合的方法制备,其包括湿法或干法、以及批量、半连续和连续的方法。
例如,所述涂料的组分(例如两种以上的官能化石墨烯片、粘合剂、载体和/或其它组分)可以采用合适的混和、分散、和/或复合技术以及装置进行混合,所述装置包括超声装置、高剪切混和器、两辊磨、三辊磨、低温研磨粉碎机(cryogenic grinding crusher)、挤出机、捏合机、双行星混合机、三行星混合机、高压均质器、球磨机、碾磨设备、砂磨机及水平和垂直的湿式研磨机等。
可以采用湿式或干式研磨工艺对所得到的混合物进一步加工。所述的工艺可以是连续的或不连续的。示例包括球磨机、碾磨设备、砂磨机和水平和垂直的湿式研磨磨机。用作研磨介质的合适的材料包括金属、碳素钢、不锈钢、陶瓷、稳定化的陶瓷介质(例如钇稳定的氧化锆)、PTFE、玻璃、碳化钨等。
混合和/或研磨步骤之后,可以向所述涂料中加入附加的组分,其包括但不限于增稠剂、粘度调节剂等。所述涂料还可以通过加入更多的载体进行稀释。
将所述涂料施用至基板上之后,可以采用任何适宜的技术使其固化,所述技术包括干燥和烘干(在空气或另一种惰性或反应性气氛中)、紫外固化、红外固化、微波固化或干燥等。
所述涂料可以施用至各种基板,包括但不限于金属;聚合物材料;织物(包括布)和纺织品;玻璃和其它矿物;陶瓷;硅表面;木材;纤维素基材料如纸和纸板;硅和其它半导体;层压板;混凝土、砖以及其它建筑材料等。在施用本发明的涂料之前,所述基板可以已经用其它涂料或类似材料处理。
聚合物材料的实例包括,但不限于包括热塑性材料和热固性材料的那些材料,包括聚烯烃(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯等);聚酰亚胺;聚酯(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、液晶聚酯等);聚酰胺(包括聚对苯二甲酰胺);芳香族聚酰胺(例如凯夫拉尔和诺梅克斯氟化聚合物(例如氟化乙烯丙烯(FEP)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯等);聚醚酰亚胺;聚氯乙烯;聚偏氯乙烯;聚氨酯;纤维素聚合物;SAN;ABS;聚碳酸酯;聚丙烯酸酯;热固性环氧化合物和聚氨酯;弹性体(包括热塑性材料和热固性材料,以及包括橡胶(例如天然橡胶)和硅酮)等。
所述涂料可以为各种形式,包括但不限于悬浮液、溶液、膏以及以包含很少或没有液体的基本上固体物形式的材料。它们可以是自由流动的、粘性的、固体的、粉末的等。
所述涂料可以使用任何合适的方法施用至基板,包括但不限于涂覆、旋涂、溶液涂布、印刷(包括喷墨印刷)、电喷印刷或涂覆、浸涂、粉末涂覆等。所述涂料可以施用为多层。
当被施用至基板时,所述涂料可以具有各种形式。它们可以薄膜或线、图案和其它形状的形式存在。所述涂料可以覆盖有其它材料,例如保护层、清漆、聚合物、纤维等。
当被施用至基板时,所述涂料可以具有各种厚度。在本发明的一个实施方式中,当被施用至基板时,所述涂料可以优选具有至少约2nm的厚度,或更优选至少为约5nm。在本发明的各种实施方式中,所述涂料可以具有约2nm至约2mm、约5nm至约1mm、约2nm至约100nm、约2nm至约200nm、约2nm至约500nm、约2nm至约1微米、约5nm至约200nm、约5nm至约500nm、约5nm至约1微米、约5nm至约50微米、约5nm至约200微米、约10nm至约200nm、约50nm至约500nm、约50nm至约1微米、约1微米至约2mm、约1微米至约1mm、约1微米至约500微米、约1微米至约200微米、约1微米至约100微米、约50微米至约1mm、约100微米至约2mm、约100微米至约1mm、约100微米至约750微米、约100微米至约500微米、约500微米至约2mm、或约500微米至约1mm的厚度。
所述涂料可以以不同的厚度在不同的点施用至相同的基板,并且可以用于在基板上建起三维结构。
所述涂料可以用于钝化表面,例如金属(如钢、铝等)表面,包括外部表面如桥梁和建筑物。本发明的涂料的其他应用的示例包括:抗紫外线辐射涂料、抗磨损性涂料、抗液体(例如烃、乙醇、水等)和/或气体渗透的涂料、导电涂料、防静电涂料、抗爆和抗撞击涂料。它们可以用于使纤维具有导电性。所述涂料可以应用于太阳能电池、指示牌、平板显示器、柔性显示器包括发光二极管、有机发光二极管和聚合物发光二极管显示屏、显示器的背板和前板;以及照明设备包括电致发光和OLED照明设备。
所述涂料可以用于电器和电子设备及器件上,例如支架等,以提供EMI屏蔽性能。它们可以用于微型器件(例如为微型电化学系统(MEMS)装置),包括提供抗静电的涂层。
所述涂料可以在基板上形成导热通道以形成具有所希望的流动性能和多孔性的膜。这样的材料具有高度可变和可调谐的多孔性,并且可以形成空隙梯度。所述涂料可以用于形成具有各向异性的导热率和/或导电率的物品。所述涂料可以用于形成三维印刷样品。
实施例
样品测试
使用刮刀将液体分散物形式的涂料印刷在基板上,然后在125℃炉中于空气中干燥以形成薄膜。对印刷的膜(涂层)进行测试。
导电率
通过间距1英寸的触点使用标准万用表测试点对点体电阻(用欧姆表示)。如果电阻率以欧姆/方块来表示,则直径为约0.3mm的两银膏点应用于相隔约1英寸的膜表面上。通过这些点的电阻还使用标准万用表来测试,其度数被10除来计算以欧姆/方块为单位表示的电阻率。以单个数表述的结果是几个测量结果的平均值,并且以数字范围给出的结果显示了几个测量值的最高和最低度数。
剥离强度
通过将3M胶带232牢固粘附在印刷膜(包括所述膜的至少一个边缘),来测试所述涂料的剥离强度。将该胶带快速拉离所述薄膜,且检查该胶带的粘附下侧来检测剥离。该薄膜的剥离强度按如下方式评估:没有薄膜被转移至胶带被认为优秀;少量的薄膜小点散布在胶带表面上被认为是非常好;许多薄膜小点散布在胶带上被认为是良好;有所述薄膜的薄层或大块薄膜在胶带上被认为合格;所述薄膜从基板上分离或所述薄膜的大部分从基板上分离被认为很差。在一些情况下,会形成没有薄膜粘附在基板上。
抗划性
用指甲在薄膜表面来回划五次。检查刮擦的薄膜表面和指甲尖端,所述薄膜的抗划性按如下方式评估:没有明显的薄膜表面转移至指甲上被认为是优秀;有微小的薄膜表面转移至指甲或薄膜表面上没有明显划痕被认为是非常好;所述薄膜的表面上有一些划痕被认为良好;所述薄膜相当大部分被去除认为是合格;基板可见被认为是很差。在一些情况下,会形成没有薄膜粘附在基板上。
涂料制备方法
使用下面的技术和设备来混合该涂料的组分:
-超声发生器:样品是通过齿轮泵在Hieischer UIP 1000hd超声装置之间循环,所述超声装置在100%功率下运行,且装配有低幅(B2-1.8)放大器和具有落拓-斯太塔(roto-stator)顶端搅拌器的高剪切混合器。
-球磨机A1:Uunion Process 01HD型立式球磨机
-球磨机A2:Uunion Process 01HDDM型立式球磨机
-球磨机B:Eiger迷你250型M250-VSE-TEFV水平球磨机
-球磨机C:具有四个不锈钢臂的立式不锈钢球磨机,所述臂相互之间间隔90°。该球磨机由空气马达来驱动,并且具有底部排放阀。
-高剪切混合机:具有落拓-斯太塔(roto-stator)顶端搅拌器的匀质器。
配方中使用的成分:
埃雷克特龙(Electron)和颇自莼(Positron)是橘萜烯基溶剂,其由Ecolink公司(Ecolink,Tuchker GA)提供。
在实施例1-8中使用的组分如表1中所示。在每个实施例中使用的FGS的相似碳氧比也如表1中所示。
实施例1
将乙烯纤维素聚合物(标准45,其由陶氏公司供)、FGS和异丙基醇在球磨机中以5100rmp的速率球磨100分钟,其使用0.8毫米的5%钇稳定化的氧化锆作为研磨介质。将分散剂(EFKA5071,是高分子量羧酸的烷醇铵盐,其由汽巴公司提供)被添加到所述混合物中,然后再研磨另外10分钟。将所获得的涂料附着在纸张、玻璃和铝箔上。
实施例2
将乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)(405T,由霍尼韦尔公司提供)与载体混合和FGS在球磨机B中混合,并且使用0.8毫米的5%钇稳定化的氧化锆作为研磨介质以5000rpm的速率研磨100分钟。然后使用0.3毫米的5%钇稳定化的氧化锆作为研磨介质研磨另外100分钟。将所获得的涂料附着在涂布的纸、玻璃和铝箔上。
实施例3
将载体和FGS在球磨机A1中混合,并且使用1816克的3/16″直径的不锈钢球作为研磨介质以600rpm的速度研磨一小时。将乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)(由霍尼韦尔公司提供)被添加到混合物中,然后在650rpm的转速下球磨6个小时。将所获得的涂料附着在纸、玻璃和铝箔上。
实施例4
将乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)(由霍尼韦尔公司提供)和苯乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)(SMA 1440片,由沙多玛公司提供)与载体和FGS在球磨机A1中混合,并且使用1816克的3/16″直径的不锈钢球作为研磨介质以650rpm的速度球磨7小时。将所获得的涂料附着在未涂布的纸上。
实施例5
将载体和表面活性剂(Surfynol104,由空气化工产品公司提供)在球磨机(其装配有三盘搅拌器)A2中分散10分钟,其使用1256克的1mm直径的铬不锈钢球作为研磨介质以2000rpm的速度研磨。然后加入FGS并且将该混合物进一步研磨30分钟。添加丙烯酸分散体(142,由巴斯夫公司提供),并且将该混合物研磨两小时。加入平均分子量为60万的聚(环氧乙烷),并且另外球磨3小时。将所获得的涂料附着在纸、玻璃和铝箔上。
实施例6
将载体和FGS在Uunion Process 01HD型球磨机中混合,并且使用1816克的3/16″直径的不锈钢球作为研磨介质以600rpm的速度球磨30分钟。将非常低分子量的丙烯酸酯共聚物(Joncryl 682,由巴斯夫公司提供)添加到该混合物中,然后在650rpm的转速下另外球磨6个小时。将所得到的涂料附着在纸、玻璃和铝箔上。
实施例7
通过加热约20分钟将聚乙烯溶解在载体中,直到形成清澈的溶液。在搅拌该溶液时添加FGS,并且将所获得的混合物使用超声发生器分散1.5小时。所获得的涂料具有较差的粘附至纸上的粘附性,并且具有约4千欧的电阻。
实施例8
将甲基丙烯酸丁酯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(4044,由璐彩特国际公司(lucite International)提供)溶解于载体中。添加FGS,并且将所获得的混合物使用超声发生器分散15分钟。将该混合物在装置的高剪切混合物部分周期性冷却。将所获得的涂料附着在涂布的纸上。
实施例9
将4.9%重量的平均分子量为60万聚环氧乙烷(PEO)(236.2克)的水溶液与碳氧比C∶O为约100∶1(2.4g)的FGS、表面活性剂(Pluronic F127,其由巴斯夫公司提供)(2.4g)、消泡剂(AF 204,由西格玛公司提供)(0.3g)和水(50克)混合。使用3/16″直径的不锈钢球作为研磨介质以650rpm的速度将该混合物在球磨机C中球磨6小时。将所获得的涂料施用至热稳定的PET、涂布的纸和未涂布的纸,并且测定所获得的膜的粘附性和电阻率。测试结果如表2所示。
实施例10
将10.8%重量的平均分子量为60万聚环氧乙烷(PEO)(110.8克)的水溶液与碳氧比C∶O为约100∶1(2.4g)的FGS、表面活性剂(Srufynol 104H,其由空气化工产品公司提供)(2.4g)、消泡剂(AF 204,由西格玛公司提供)(0.2g)和水(134.2克)混合。使用3/16″直径的不锈钢球作为研磨介质以693rpm的速度将该混合物在球磨机C中球磨6小时。将所获得的涂料施用至热稳定的PET、涂布的纸和未涂布的纸,并且测定所获得的膜的粘附性和电阻率。测试结果如表2所示。
表2.
实施例11-17
在实施例11-15中,将20%重量聚酰胺粘合剂在异丙醇的溶液(Versamid750,由科格尼公司(Cognis)提供)(200克)与碳氧比C∶O为约100∶1(10g)的FGS和另外的异丙醇(40g)混合。在实施例16和17中,将20%重量聚酰胺粘合剂在异丙醇的溶液(Versamid750,由科格尼公司(Cognis)提供)(70克)与碳氧比C∶O为约100∶1(6g)的FGS和另外的异丙醇(124g)混合。
在所有情况中,使用0.3毫米的5%钇稳定化的氧化锆作为研磨介质,将所获得的悬浮液在100°F下在球磨机B中以5000rpm的速度球磨1.5小时。在实施例12和15的情况中,将BYK-ES80(不饱和酸的烷醇铵盐羧酸酯,由美国BYK公司提供,Wallingford,Conn.)(0.2g)添加到10g所获得的涂料中。在实施例14和17中,将10%重量聚苯胺(PANI)(Panipol F,由Panipol Oy公司提供,Porovoo,Finland)在氯仿中的溶液(2g)添加到10g所获得的涂料中。在添加每种这些添加剂之后,将所获得的混合物在高剪切混合器中混合约1分钟。在每种情况中,将所获得的涂料印刷在热稳定化的PET上,并且测定所获得的膜的粘附性和电阻率。测试结果如表3所示。
表3.
添加剂 | 剥离强度 | 抗划性 | 电阻(Ω/块) | |
实施例11 | 无 | 优秀 | 优秀 | 15 |
实施例12 | BYK | 非常好 | 非常好 | 12 |
实施例13 | 无 | 优秀 | 优秀 | 18-23 |
实施例14 | PANI | 优秀 | 优秀 | 15-25 |
实施例15 | BYK | 优秀 | 优秀 | 15 |
实施例16 | 无 | 优秀 | 优秀 | 20 |
实施例17 | PANI | 良好 | 良好 | 17 |
Claims (25)
1.一种涂料,包括官能化的石墨烯片和至少一种粘合剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的涂料,其中,所述粘合剂是聚合物粘合剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的涂料,进一步包括一种或多种载体。
4.如权利要求1所述的涂料,进一步包括一种或多种分散剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的涂料,其中,所述涂料具有至少约10-8S/cm的导电率。
6.如权利要求1所述的涂料,其中,所述涂料具有至少约103S/cm的导电率。
7.如权利要求1所述的涂料,其中,所述官能化的石墨烯片具有至少约300m2/g的表面积。
8.如权利要求1所述的涂料,其中,所述官能化的石墨烯片具有约400~约2400m2/g的表面积。
9.如权利要求1所述的涂料,其中,所述官能化的石墨烯片具有至少约3∶2的碳氧比。
10.如权利要求1所述的涂料,其中,所述官能化的石墨烯片具有至少约10∶1的碳氧比。
11.如权利要求1所述的涂料,进一步包括至少一种导电聚合物。
12.如权利要求1所述的涂料,进一步包括除了所述官能化的石墨烯片的至少一种含碳材料。
13.涂覆具有表面的基板的方法,该方法包括将包含官能化的石墨烯片和至少一种粘合剂的涂料应用于所述表面的步骤。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述基板包括聚合物材料。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述基板是金属。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述基板是织物、纺织品或者纤维制品。
17.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述涂料具有至少约10-8S/cm的导电率。
18.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述涂料具有至少约103S/cm的导电率。
19.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述官能化的石墨烯片具有至少约300m2/g的表面积。
20.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述官能化的石墨烯片具有约400~约2400m2/g的表面积。
21.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述官能化的石墨烯片具有至少约3∶2的碳氧比。
22.一种涂覆有涂料的物品,所述涂料包括官能化的石墨烯片和至少一种粘合剂。
23.如权利要求22所述的物品,其为电学或电子部件支架的形式。
24.如权利要求22所述的物品,其中,所述涂料具有至少约10-8S/cm的导电率。
25.如权利要求22所述的方法,其中,所述涂料具有至少约103S/cm的导电率。
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CN105670394A (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
JP2011510905A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
JP2016193827A (ja) | 2016-11-17 |
JP6339136B2 (ja) | 2018-06-06 |
US20150218392A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
US20110049437A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
US9039938B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
US20190194477A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
JP5670203B2 (ja) | 2015-02-18 |
WO2009123771A8 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
EP2240405A2 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
WO2009123771A3 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
EP2240405A4 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
WO2009123771A2 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
JP2014205619A (ja) | 2014-10-30 |
JP5985548B2 (ja) | 2016-09-06 |
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