CN101910613A - 车辆驱动装置及其控制方法 - Google Patents

车辆驱动装置及其控制方法 Download PDF

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CN101910613A
CN101910613A CN2009801017079A CN200980101707A CN101910613A CN 101910613 A CN101910613 A CN 101910613A CN 2009801017079 A CN2009801017079 A CN 2009801017079A CN 200980101707 A CN200980101707 A CN 200980101707A CN 101910613 A CN101910613 A CN 101910613A
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motor
wheel
locking
parking
lock
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CN101910613B (zh
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加藤创
渡边秀人
横内由充
武田邦生
田中政行
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B60W10/184Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems with wheel brakes
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W30/192Mitigating problems related to power-up or power-down of the driveline, e.g. start-up of a cold engine
    • B60W30/194Mitigating problems related to power-up or power-down of the driveline, e.g. start-up of a cold engine related to low temperature conditions, e.g. high viscosity of hydraulic fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/48Signals to a parking brake or parking lock; Control of parking locks or brakes being part of the transmission
    • F16H63/483Circuits for controlling engagement of parking locks or brakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

当满足用于起动发动机(50)的条件时,控制器(90)执行锁定切换控制,然后控制器(90)执行起转控制(步骤S6),在所述锁定切换控制中车轮(88)被制动装置(86)强制锁定且驻车锁定机构(200)被释放以解除对驱动轴的锁定(步骤S4,步骤S5),在所述起转控制中发动机(50)由电动发电机(MG1)起动。

Description

车辆驱动装置及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆驱动装置及车辆驱动装置的控制方法。特别地,本发明涉及一种车辆驱动装置和包括内燃发动机的车辆驱动装置的控制方法。
背景技术
当内燃发动机起动时,执行利用电动机使内燃发动机的曲轴起转(起动,crank)的起转控制。在进行这种起转控制时,如在日本专利申请2002-307982号公报(JP-A-2002-307982)中所述,如果温度低且由此润滑剂的粘度高,则电动机上的负荷增大,并且由此难以起动内燃发动机。此外,低温使得给电动机供电的电池的电压降低,并且这还会使内燃发动机的起动性能恶化。
利用发动机和电动机两者行驶的混合动力车辆通过在燃料经济性趋于低的运转区域内使用电动机来实现高的燃料经济性。因此,发动机常常不在混合动力车辆发动后立即起动。
但是,当气温低时,在混合动力车辆发动的同时利用电动机使发动机起转以用于车厢加热、系统预热等。但是,由于在低温下电池的电压降低,所以利用电动机起动发动机要花更长时间。因此,在发动机开始自驱动之前的不稳定状态下,发动机由电动机的转矩驱动的状态和发动机驱动电动机的状态交替发生。也就是说,电动机转矩的方向重复反转,由此引起驻车锁定齿轮的振动,导致在驻车锁定齿轮和驻车锁定爪之间产生齿轮接触噪声。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种减小起动内燃发动机时的噪声的车辆驱动装置和车辆驱动装置的控制方法。
本发明的第一方面涉及一种车辆驱动装置,具有:发动机;用于起动所述发动机的电机;用于从所述发动机接收转矩并驱动所述车辆的车轮的驱动轴;用于锁定所述驱动轴的驻车锁定机构;用于锁定所述车轮的制动装置;和用于控制所述电机、所述驻车锁定机构和所述制动装置的控制器。当满足用于起动所述发动机的条件时,所述控制器执行锁定切换控制,然后所述控制器执行起转控制,在所述锁定切换控制中所述车轮被所述制动装置强制锁定且所述驻车锁定机构被释放以解除对所述驱动轴的锁定,在所述起转控制中所述发动机由所述电机起动。
本发明第一方面的车辆驱动装置可以为,在所述发动机在所述起转控制之后开始自驱动后,所述控制器利用所述驻车锁定机构锁定所述驱动轴并解除所述制动装置对所述车轮的所述强制锁定。
本发明第一方面的车辆驱动装置还可具有温度传感器。在这种情况下,如果由所述温度传感器检测出的温度低于预定温度,则所述控制器可在所述锁定切换控制之后执行所述起转控制,以及如果由所述温度传感器检测出的所述温度高于所述预定温度,则所述控制器可执行所述起转控制而不执行所述锁定切换控制。
本发明第一方面的车辆驱动装置可以为:所述制动装置包含驻车制动器和液压制动器;在所述锁定切换控制期间,所述控制器利用所述液压制动器强制锁定所述车轮;以及如果所述车轮未被所述驻车制动器锁定,则所述控制器执行所述起转控制而不执行所述锁定切换控制。
本发明的第二方面涉及一种车辆驱动装置,具有:发动机;用于起动所述发动机的电机;用于从所述发动机接收转矩的驱动轴;车轮;用于锁定所述驱动轴的驻车锁定机构;用于锁定所述车轮的车轮锁定装置;和用于控制所述电机、所述驻车锁定机构和所述车轮锁定装置的控制器。当满足用于起动所述发动机的条件时,所述控制器执行锁定切换控制,然后所述控制器执行起转控制,在所述锁定切换控制中所述车轮被所述车轮锁定装置强制锁定且所述驻车锁定机构被释放以解除对所述驱动轴的锁定,在所述起转控制中所述发动机由所述电机起动。
本发明第二方面的车辆驱动装置可以为,所述车轮包括驱动轮和从动轮两者,或包括所述驱动轮和所述从动轮中的任一者。
本发明的第三方面涉及一种车辆驱动装置的控制方法,所述车辆驱动装置具有发动机、用于起动所述发动机的电机、用于从所述发动机接收转矩并驱动所述车辆的车轮的驱动轴、用于锁定所述驱动轴的驻车锁定机构、和用于锁定所述车轮的制动装置。并且所述控制方法包括:判定是否满足用于起动所述发动机的条件;以及当满足所述起动条件时,执行锁定切换控制,然后利用所述电机起动所述发动机,在所述锁定切换控制中所述车轮被所述制动装置强制锁定且所述驻车锁定机构被释放以解除对所述驱动轴的锁定。
本发明第三方面的方法还可包括在所述发动机在所述起转控制之后开始自驱动后,利用所述驻车锁定机构锁定所述驱动轴并解除所述制动装置对所述车轮的所述强制锁定。
本发明第三方面的方法可以为,所述车辆驱动装置还具有温度传感器;如果由所述温度传感器检测出的温度低于预定温度,则在所述锁定切换控制之后执行所述起转控制;以及如果由所述温度传感器检测出的所述温度高于所述预定温度,则执行所述起转控制而不执行所述锁定切换控制。
本发明第三方面的方法可以为,所述制动装置包含驻车制动器和液压制动器;所述液压制动器用于在所述锁定切换控制期间强制锁定所述车轮;以及如果所述车轮未被所述驻车制动器锁定,则执行所述起转控制而不执行所述锁定切换控制。
根据本发明的上述方面,能防止用于锁定驱动轴的锁定机构中的齿轮接触噪声,并由此减小起动内燃发动机时的噪声。
附图说明
从下面参照附图对优选实施例的说明中将清楚看到本发明的上述和其它目的、特征及优点,在附图中相似的附图标记用于表示相似的元件,并且其中:
图1是示出根据本发明一示例性实施例的车辆驱动装置的构型的视图;
图2是示出驻车锁定机构的结构的详细视图;
图3是示出被用作控制器的典型计算机的构型的视图;以及
图4是示出由所述控制器执行的程序的流程的流程图。
具体实施方式
在下文中将参照附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施例。在附图中,相同的元件和部分用相同的附图标记表示,并且将不重复对它们的说明。
图1示意性地示出根据本发明实施例的车辆驱动装置10的构型。参照图1,车辆驱动装置10具有发动机50、行星齿轮组20、电动发电机MG1、MG2、和驻车锁定机构200。
行星齿轮组20具有:与太阳齿轮轴25联接的太阳齿轮21,太阳齿轮轴25是供曲轴56沿轴向穿过的中空轴;具有与曲轴56同轴布置的转动轴的齿圈22;设置在太阳齿轮21和齿圈22之间以便在围绕太阳齿轮21回转的同时自身转动的小齿轮23;和固定在曲轴56的端部且供小齿轮23转动支承的行星架24。
这样,行星齿轮组20具有三个驱动力输入-输出轴,也就是,太阳齿轮21、齿圈22和行星架24的转动轴。在工作中,首先确定要输出到这三个轴中的两个或从这两个轴输入的驱动力,然后基于针对这两个轴所确定的驱动力确定输出到剩余一个轴或从这个轴输入的驱动力。
与齿圈22一样,齿圈29也形成在齿圈壳体中。在齿圈29和电动发电机MG2的转子轴26之间设置有减速齿轮单元。减速齿轮单元是行星齿轮组。该行星齿轮组的行星架固定在一壳体上。转子轴26的转动从太阳齿轮经小齿轮27传递到齿圈29。
用于输入驱动力的驱动力输入齿轮28设置在齿圈22的壳体的外周上。驱动力在驱动力输入齿轮28和驱动力传递齿轮11之间传递。驱动力传递齿轮11经转动轴12与齿轮13联接。齿轮13驱动差动装置70。在下坡路等上进行驱动时,车轮88的转动传递到差动装置70,并且齿轮13由差动装置70驱动。
差动装置70具有驱动齿轮14,小齿轮72、74,和半轴齿轮(侧齿轮)76、78。驱动齿轮14设置在差速器壳体(未用任何附图标记表示)外周上并与所述壳体一体转动。小齿轮72、74的转动轴固定在所述差速器壳体上。半轴齿轮76、78各自设置成与小齿轮72、74啮合且分别与作为车轮88的转动轴的驱动轴80、82联接。
在驱动车轮88的驱动轴82上设置有制动盘84。在制动盘84的外周上设置有制动装置86。制动装置86具有制动钳、液压缸、制动衬块等。在各个后轮96上设置有鼓式制动器94。
虽然未详细示出,但鼓式制动器94由两个鼓式制动器构成,一个用于驻车,另一个用于(行车)制动。当使用用于驻车的鼓式制动器锁定车轮96时,所述鼓式制动器的制动蹄通过经制动踏板91(或驻车制动杆)操纵的线丝而打开并压靠一鼓。另一方面,当使用用于制动的鼓式制动器锁定车轮96时,所述鼓式制动器的制动蹄通过响应于制动踏板被操作而变化的液压或通过由控制器90控制的液压而打开并压靠所述鼓。应注意,如果需要,用于制动后轮的鼓式制动器可用盘式制动器来代替。
电动发电机MG1具有转子32和定子33。在转子32的外周上设置有永磁体35。绕定子33缠绕有用于产生旋转磁场的三路线圈34。转子32太阳齿轮轴25联接,太阳齿轮轴25与行星齿轮组20的太阳齿轮21一体转动。定子33由层叠的薄电磁钢板制成。定子33固定在图中未示出的壳体上。
当电动发电机MG1作为电动机工作时,转子32在由永磁体35产生的磁场和由三路线圈34产生的磁场之间的相互作用下转动。另一方面,当电动发电机MG1作为发电机工作时,由永磁体35产生的磁场和转子32的旋转之间的相互作用在三路线圈34的两端产生电动势。
电动发电机MG2具有转子42和定子43。在转子42的外周上设置有永磁体45。绕定子43缠绕有用于产生旋转磁场的三路线圈44。转子42与转子轴26联接。定子43由层叠的薄电磁钢板制成。定子43固定在图中未示出的壳体上。
当电动发电机MG2作为发电机工作时,由永磁体45产生的磁场和转子42的旋转之间的相互作用在三路线圈44的两端产生电动势。另一方面,当电动发电机MG2作为电动机工作时,转子42在由永磁体45产生的磁场和由三路线圈44产生的磁场之间的相互作用下转动。
驻车锁定机构200具有与齿圈22一体转动的驻车锁定齿轮61、用于锁定驻车锁定齿轮61的驻车锁定爪106、推动驻车锁定爪106与驻车锁定齿轮61啮合的驻车锁定凸轮210和与驻车锁定凸轮210连接以移动驻车锁定凸轮210的杆104。
驻车锁定机构200具有用于使轴102转动的驻车锁定致动器142。随着轴102由驻车锁定致动器142转动,设置在轴102上的止动板100运动并由此驱动杆104。更具体地,随着轴102顺时针转动,驻车锁定凸轮210将驻车锁定爪106向上推,由此驻车锁定机构200被锁定。相反,随着驻车锁定凸轮210逆时针(与顺时针相反)转动,驻车锁定凸轮210被拉离驻车锁定爪106,由此驻车锁定机构200被解锁。
图2详细示出驻车锁定机构200的结构。应注意,该示例性实施例假定车辆驱动装置10的档位在两个位置——P位置(驻车位置)和非P位置之间切换。但是,车辆驱动装置10也可具有两个或更多个非P位置,例如R(倒档)位置、N(空档)位置、D(驱动)位置等。例如,车辆驱动装置10的档位可在四个档位——P位置和包括R、N和D位置的三个非P位置之间切换。
如图2所示,档位切换机构48包括由驻车锁定致动器142转动的轴102、与轴102一起转动的止动板100、根据止动板100的转动而工作的杆104、图1所示的驻车锁定齿轮61、用于锁定驻车锁定齿轮61的驻车锁定爪106、限制止动板100的转动以将档位固定在预定位置的棘爪簧100、和辊子112。
止动板100由驻车锁定致动器142驱动以改变档位。一编码器146用作计数装置,其获得与驻车锁定致动器142的转动量对应的计数值。输出轴传感器144检测轴102的转动位置。
图2示出档位处在非P位置的状态。在该状态下,由于驻车锁定爪106不锁定驻车锁定齿轮61,所以车辆的驱动轴的转动不受干扰。如果此后在沿箭头C的方向看去时轴102由致动器142沿顺时针方向转动,则杆104经止动板100沿图2中箭头A的方向被按压,由此驻车锁定爪106由驻车锁定凸轮210沿图2中箭头B的方向被上推,驻车锁定凸轮210是设在杆104末端的锥形凸轮。
随着止动板100转动,棘爪簧100的位于形成在止动板100顶部的两个凹口之一、也就是非P凹口120处的辊子112越过顶峰122并移动到另一个凹口、也就是P凹口124中。辊子112装配在棘爪簧110上以便可绕其轴线转动。当止动板100转动直到辊子112到达P凹口124时,驻车锁定爪106被上推到驻车锁定爪106的突出部208位于驻车锁定齿轮61的齿之间的位置,由此车辆的驱动轴的转动被机械地限制。
在本发明的该示例性实施例中,如图1所示,驻车锁定齿轮61设置在与齿圈22一体转动的部分上,且驻车锁定机构200设置成锁定驻车锁定齿轮61。但是,驻车锁定机构200可设置在驱动轴和驱动轮88之间的任何位置。
参照图2,驻车锁定机构200由驻车锁定齿轮61和驻车锁定爪106构成。驻车锁定齿轮61是盘状的并且具有沿驻车锁定齿轮61的转动方向形成的齿轮齿。应注意,驻车锁定齿轮61也可设置在其它位置,例如设在与驱动力输入齿轮28啮合的轴上。
驻车锁定爪106在一端可枢转地支承在行星齿轮组壳体上。突出部208设置在驻车锁定爪106的中央并与驻车锁定齿轮61的齿互锁。驻车锁定凸轮210设置在驻车锁定爪106的另一端以便与驻车锁定爪106接触。
驻车锁定凸轮210形成为例如锥形。随着驻车锁定凸轮210沿图2中箭头A的方向移动,驻车锁定爪106的端部沿图2中箭头B的方向沿锥形驻车锁定凸轮210的倾斜表面枢转运动。随着换档杆(图中未示出)移动到与P位置对应的位置,驻车锁定凸轮210沿箭头A的方向移动。此时,驻车锁定凸轮210由被驻车锁定致动器142转动的止动板100驱动。
随着驻车锁定凸轮210这样被驱动,驻车锁定爪106的突出部208被置于驻车锁定齿轮61的齿之间,由此驻车锁定齿轮61被锁定。这就是驻车锁定机构200是如何锁定作为驱动轮的车轮88的。
图3示出用作控制器90的计算机180的构型。
参照图3,计算机180包括CPU(中央处理单元)185、A/D(模拟/数字)转换器181、ROM(只读存储器)182和RAM(随机存取存储器)183、以及接口184。
A/D转换器181将从各种传感器等输出的模拟信号AIN转换成数字信号,然后将它们输出至CPU 185。CPU 185通过由数据总线、地址总线等构成的总线186与ROM 182、RAM 183和接口184连接,并且CPU 185向它们输出各种数据和从它们输入各种数据。
ROM 182存储各种数据,例如由CPU 185执行的各种程序和由CPU185使用的各种图谱。RAM 183提供供CPU 185执行各种数据处理的工作区域,并且它用于临时记录各变量。
接口184例如用于主计算机180和其它计算机的ECU(电子控制单元)之间的通信。在ROM 182是电气地可重写的存储器(例如,闪存)的情况下,接口184还可用于在ROM 182上写入新的数据。此外,接口184用于从计算机可读的数据存储装置如存储卡、CD-ROM等读入数据信号SIG。
CPU 185将数据输入信号DIN输入到输入端口并将数据输出信号DOUT输出到输出端口。
应注意,控制器90不限于上述结构。例如,控制器90可由多个CPU构成。此外,控制器90可由多个分立设置的ECU构成,例如发动机ECU、制动器ECU、电机ECU等。
图4的流程图示出由控制器90执行的控制程序的流程。该控制程序在主发动机控制程序以规则的时间间隔要求时或每次满足预定的条件时执行。
参照图1和图4,用于开始该程序的初始条件是驻车锁定爪106当前与驻车锁定齿轮61接合。
在程序开始后,在步骤S1中,控制器90判定目前是否满足发动机起动条件。例如,在电池的充电水平(SOC)低于预定水平的状态下或在温度低以致于发动机需要暖机的状态下当在脚踏制动踏板被踏下时起动开关被压下时,判定为满足发动机起动条件。
如果在步骤S1中判定为已满足发动机起动条件,则控制转到步骤S2。反之,如果在步骤S1中判定为尚未满足发动机起动条件,则控制转到步骤S9并返回主发动机控制程序。
在步骤S2中,控制器90判定驻车制动器当前是否为ON状态(开启)。也就是说,在该程序中,在步骤S4中利用电子控制制动器锁定车轮88、96,然后在步骤S5中驻车锁定爪106移动到空档位置。步骤S2中的判定被执行为用于电子控制制动器的运行故障的故障保护。
如果在步骤S2中判定为驻车制动器当前为ON状态,则控制转到步骤S3。在步骤S3中,控制器90基于用于检测发动机冷却剂温度的冷却剂温度传感器的输出来判定冷却剂温度是否低于基准温度-10℃。该基准温度用于判定电池的电压当前是否低到或发动机润滑剂的粘度当前是否高到使得发动机50的起转要花长时间。因此,基准值不限于-10℃,而是对于具有特定类型发动机、具有特定性能等的电池的各种车辆是可以变化的,或者每次发动机50起动时其是可重新设定的。要与基准温度相比较的温度不限于由冷却剂温度传感器检测的冷却剂温度,而是也可以为任何其它温度、例如由其它温度传感器检测的温度,只要能判定发动机的温度、电池的温度等是否低即可。
如果在步骤S3中判定为冷却剂温度低于-10℃,则存在这样的可能性,即,使发动机50起转所需的时间变长,以致于车辆乘员可能被驻车锁定齿轮61和驻车锁定爪106之间的齿轮接触噪声所烦扰。因此,控制器90转到步骤S4并通过经ECB(电子控制制动器)致动用于车轮88的盘式制动器和用于车轮96的鼓式制动器来锁定车轮88、96,由此锁定车辆。应注意,该ECB可对应于本发明的“车轮锁定装置”。然后,在步骤S5中,控制器90致动驻车锁定致动器142以将驻车锁定爪106移动到空档位置,在空档位置驻车锁定爪106离开驻车锁定齿轮61.当驻车锁定爪106处于空档位置时,在驻车锁定爪106和驻车锁定齿轮61之间没有齿轮接触噪声产生,因此在步骤S5中在发动机起转时的噪声水平保持得低。
另一方面,如果在步骤S2中判定为驻车制动器当前未处于ON状态,则控制器90在步骤S6中起动发动机50而不执行步骤S4和步骤S5中的锁定切换控制。这是作为用于ECB的运行故障等的故障保护来完成的。
此外,如果在步骤S3中判定为冷却剂温度高于基准温度,亦即-10℃,则控制器90在步骤S6中起动发动机50而不执行步骤S4和步骤S5中的锁定切换控制。也就是说,在这种情况下,由于发动机50能容易地起动,用于发动机起转所需的时间不会变长到使得齿轮接触噪声烦扰车辆乘员,因此不必执行步骤S4和步骤S5中的锁定切换控制。应注意,步骤S3中的判定过程可省略,并且可不考虑温度地执行步骤S4和步骤S5中的锁定切换控制。
当发动机50在步骤S6中的起转之后已开始自驱动时,在步骤S7中控制器90将驻车锁定爪106移动到驻车位置,然后在步骤S8中释放ECB。应注意,当驾驶员踩下脚踏制动踏板时不执行ECB的释放。在步骤S7和步骤S8之后,控制在步骤S9中返回到主发动机控制程序。
下面将参照图1概述本发明的实施例。所述车辆驱动装置具有:发动机50;用于起动发动机50的电动发电机MG1;用于从发动机50接收转矩并驱动车轮88的驱动轴;用于锁定所述驱动轴的驻车锁定机构200;用于锁定车轮88的制动装置86;和控制电动发电机MG1、驻车锁定机构200和制动装置86(其可以是如在上述示例中那样的ECB)的控制器90。当满足用于起动发动机50的条件时,控制器90执行锁定切换控制,然后执行起转控制,在所述锁定切换控制中车轮88(或车轮88、96)被制动装置86(其可以是如在上述示例中那样的ECB)强制锁定且驻车锁定机构200被释放以解除对所述驱动轴的锁定(步骤S4,步骤S5),在所述起转控制中发动机50由电动发电机MG1起动。
优选地,在发动机50开始自驱动后,控制器90利用驻车锁定机构200锁定所述驱动轴并解除制动装置86(其可以是如在上述示例中那样的ECB)对车轮88(或车轮88、96)的所述强制锁定。
优选地,所述车辆驱动装置还具有温度传感器(冷却剂温度传感器52)。如果由所述温度传感器检测出的温度低于预定温度(步骤S3:是),则执行所述锁定切换控制(步骤S4,步骤S5),然后执行所述起转控制(步骤S6)。如果由所述温度传感器检测出的温度高于所述预定温度(步骤S3:否),则执行所述起转控制(步骤S6)而不执行所述锁定切换控制(步骤S4,步骤S5)。
优选地,制动装置86(其可以是如在上述示例中那样的ECB)包括驻车制动器和液压制动器。在这种情况下,在所述锁定切换控制中(步骤S4,步骤S5),控制器90利用所述液压制动器强制锁定车轮88(或车轮88、96)。如果车轮96未被所述驻车制动器锁定(步骤S2:否),则控制器跳过所述锁定切换控制(步骤S4,步骤S5)执行所述起转控制(步骤S6)。
此外,对本发明示例性实施例的上述描述可以被看作是对用于控制车辆驱动装置10的方法的描述,所述车辆驱动装置具有发动机50、用于起动发动机50的电动发电机MG1、从发动机50接收转矩并驱动车轮88的驱动轴、和用于锁定所述驱动轴的驻车锁定机构200、用于锁定车轮88的制动装置86。也就是说,该方法包括:判定是否已满足用于起动发动机50的条件的步骤(步骤S1);执行锁定切换控制的步骤,在所述锁定切换控制中车轮88被制动装置86强制锁定且驻车锁定机构200被释放以解除对驱动轴的锁定(步骤S4,步骤S5);和利用电动发电机MG1起动发动机50的步骤(步骤S6)。
优选地,上述用于车辆驱动装置10的控制方法还包括以下步骤:在发动机50开始自驱动后,利用驻车锁定机构200锁定所述驱动轴并解除制动装置86对驱动轮88的强制锁定(步骤S7,步骤S8)。
这样,根据上述结构和控制程序,能减小在低温下起动发动机时混合动力车辆中的齿轮接触噪声并由此改善车辆乘员的舒适性。
上述控制程序可作为计算机180上的软件程序执行,并且这些程序可存储在数据存储装置(ROM、CD-ROM、存储卡)中并根据需要读取到计算机180中,或者它们可通过通信线路获得。
虽然上述示例性实施例的车辆驱动装置已并入到将发动机50的驱动力经驱动力分配机构传递到驱动车轴以及传递到电动机的串-并行混合动力系统中,但本发明不限于这种应用。也就是说,本发明可应用于具有发动机起动电机、驻车锁定机构和电子控制制动器的任何车辆。
虽然已参照本发明的示例性实施例描述了本发明,但应当理解,本发明不限于所述的实施例或构造。相反,本发明意图涵盖各种变型和等同布置。此外,虽然所公开的本发明的各种要素以各种示例性组合和构型示出,但是包括更多、更少或仅单个要素的其它组合和构型也在所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种车辆驱动装置,其特征在于包括:
发动机;
用于起动所述发动机的电机;
用于从所述发动机接收转矩并驱动所述车辆的车轮的驱动轴;
用于锁定所述驱动轴的驻车锁定机构;
用于锁定所述车轮的制动装置;和
用于控制所述电机、所述驻车锁定机构和所述制动装置的控制器,
其中当满足用于起动所述发动机的条件时,所述控制器执行锁定切换控制,然后所述控制器执行起转控制,在所述锁定切换控制中所述车轮被所述制动装置强制锁定且所述驻车锁定机构被释放以解除对所述驱动轴的锁定,在所述起转控制中所述发动机由所述电机起动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆驱动装置,其中在所述发动机在所述起转控制之后开始自驱动后,所述控制器利用所述驻车锁定机构锁定所述驱动轴并解除所述制动装置对所述车轮的所述强制锁定。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆驱动装置,还包括温度传感器,
其中如果由所述温度传感器检测出的温度低于预定温度,则所述控制器在所述锁定切换控制之后执行所述起转控制,以及
如果由所述温度传感器检测出的所述温度高于所述预定温度,则所述控制器执行所述起转控制而不执行所述锁定切换控制。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的车辆驱动装置,其中:
所述制动装置包含驻车制动器和液压制动器;
在所述锁定切换控制期间,所述控制器利用所述液压制动器强制锁定所述车轮;以及
如果所述车轮未被所述驻车制动器锁定,则所述控制器执行所述起转控制而不执行所述锁定切换控制。
5.一种车辆驱动装置,其特征在于包括:
发动机;
用于起动所述发动机的电机;
用于从所述发动机接收转矩的驱动轴;
车轮;
用于锁定所述驱动轴的驻车锁定机构;
用于锁定所述车轮的车轮锁定装置;和
用于控制所述电机、所述驻车锁定机构和所述车轮锁定装置的控制器,
其中当满足用于起动所述发动机的条件时,所述控制器执行锁定切换控制,然后所述控制器执行起转控制,在所述锁定切换控制中所述车轮被所述车轮锁定装置强制锁定且所述驻车锁定机构被释放以解除对所述驱动轴的锁定,在所述起转控制中所述发动机由所述电机起动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆驱动装置,其中所述车轮包括驱动轮和从动轮两者,或包括所述驱动轮和所述从动轮中的任一者。
7.一种车辆驱动装置的控制方法,所述车辆驱动装置具有发动机、用于起动所述发动机的电机、用于从所述发动机接收转矩并驱动所述车辆的车轮的驱动轴、用于锁定所述驱动轴的驻车锁定机构、和用于锁定所述车轮的制动装置,所述方法的特征在于包括:
判定是否满足用于起动所述发动机的条件;和
当满足所述起动条件时,执行锁定切换控制,然后利用所述电机起动所述发动机,在所述锁定切换控制中所述车轮被所述制动装置强制锁定且所述驻车锁定机构被释放以解除对所述驱动轴的锁定。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,还包括在所述发动机在所述起转控制之后开始自驱动后,利用所述驻车锁定机构锁定所述驱动轴并解除所述制动装置对所述车轮的所述强制锁定。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中:
所述车辆驱动装置还具有温度传感器;
如果由所述温度传感器检测出的温度低于预定温度,则在所述锁定切换控制之后执行所述起转控制;以及
如果由所述温度传感器检测出的所述温度高于所述预定温度,则执行所述起转控制而不执行所述锁定切换控制。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法,其中:
所述制动装置包含驻车制动器和液压制动器;
所述液压制动器用于在所述锁定切换控制期间强制锁定所述车轮;以及
如果所述车轮未被所述驻车制动器锁定,则执行所述起转控制而不执行所述锁定切换控制。
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CN108068790A (zh) * 2016-11-16 2018-05-25 福特全球技术公司 用于减少电动车辆的噪声、振动、和粗糙性的车辆系统和方法
CN112576747A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2021-03-30 日本电产株式会社 驻车锁定装置和具有该驻车锁定装置的马达单元

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WO2009095772A1 (en) 2009-08-06
US8645037B2 (en) 2014-02-04
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