CN101899217B - 固体可生物降解制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
固体可生物降解制品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101899217B CN101899217B CN2010101615202A CN201010161520A CN101899217B CN 101899217 B CN101899217 B CN 101899217B CN 2010101615202 A CN2010101615202 A CN 2010101615202A CN 201010161520 A CN201010161520 A CN 201010161520A CN 101899217 B CN101899217 B CN 101899217B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gluten
- solid biodegradable
- pasta
- dough
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L L-tartrate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- CEIPQQODRKXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-(6-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-indazole-5-carboximidate dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(C3=NNC4=CC=C(C=C43)C(=N)OCC)=CC=C21 CEIPQQODRKXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/02—Thermal after-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D22/00—Producing hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L89/00—Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2003/00—Use of starch or derivatives as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2089/00—Use of proteins, e.g. casein, gelatine or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0056—Biocompatible, e.g. biopolymers or bioelastomers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0059—Degradable
- B29K2995/006—Bio-degradable, e.g. bioabsorbable, bioresorbable or bioerodible
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S220/00—Receptacles
- Y10S220/30—Biodegradable
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1397—Single layer [continuous layer]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于固体可生物降解制品及其制备方法。本发明涉及一种固体可生物降解制品,其通过将基本上由含水小麦麸质组成的粘质、有弹性的生面团成型为成形的制品,并在温度为约25℃以下的环境中干燥该成形的制品而制得,或者通过将基本上由含水小麦麸质组成的粘质、有弹性的生面团成型为成形的制品,并将该成形的制品置于足以从成形的制品中去除多余水分的温度的环境中而制得,所述粘质、有弹性的生面团是通过在60℃以下的温度下混合0.1至0.9重量份的经由蛋白质分离或提取进行纯化的商用小麦麸质和0.9至0.1重量份的水而制得,其中每个重量以粘质、有弹性的生面团的总重量计。
Description
本申请是申请号为200580026448.X,申请日为2005年8月2日,发明名称为“用于制造固体可生物降解制品的低温模塑方法”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉参考
本发明要求2004年8月5日提交的题目为“低温模塑方法及由其制备的可生物降解制品”的美国临时专利申请No.60/599,215的权益,在此并入其全部作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及低温模塑方法。特别地,本发明涉及用于从小麦麸质制备固体可生物降解制品的低温模塑方法。
背景技术
废物处理是目前世界上一个主要的全球性问题。逐步增加的人口和使用了更多的聚合材料产生了填充无法生物降解的材料的大块垃圾掩埋地。已经努力来产生更多的可生物降解的材料。这些努力主要集中在制备当暴露在阳光下能够降解的聚合物或用淀粉和其他植物蛋白制备材料,这些材料在温度、湿度和微生物作用的正常环境或混合条件下能够在相对短的时间内降解。
Bassi等人(U.S.5,665,152)提出一种形成固体的基于不可食的可生物降解的谷物蛋白的制品的方法。将谷物蛋白制剂加热到高达约80℃的最高温度以制备基本均相和可流动的混合物,该混合物可形成固体可生物降解的制品。该制剂包括约20~85重量%的谷物蛋白、约5~75重量%的淀粉、最高约14重量%的水、10~40重量%的增塑剂和至少约0.01重量%的还原剂(例如亚硫酸氢钠,以将谷物蛋白中存在的二硫键断裂开)。也可以使用任选的成分例如填料、纤维、润滑剂/脱模剂和着色剂。在中等温度条件下加热制剂,通常进行剪切以获得基本均相和可流动的制剂。因此,在注模的条件下,模塑的优选温度条件基本确保了完全的蛋白变性。还原剂也是制剂的重要组分,因为其能显著地改进谷物蛋白的流动和混合,并且用于改进最终产品的外观、机械性能和抗湿气性。
Rayas等人(U.S.6,045,868)描述了一种方法,其中谷物面粉蛋白与醛交联,并用漂白剂漂白以形成用作包装用膜的交联的透明聚合物。该方法使用乙醇和水以在酸性或碱性pH下萃取,并且任选地在存在或不存在还原剂的情况下进行加热以提供待漂白和交联的聚合物。更特别地,该方法涉及生物聚合物质从谷物面粉中的分离,以利用选择的试剂通过溶解作用制备塑料膜。一旦分离,谷物面粉生物聚合物将进行交联和增塑以形成用于形成膜的溶液。优选进行加热以浓缩用于形成膜的溶液,并且在交联和漂白之前使面粉蛋白变性,使得当膜干燥时进行更多的蛋白之间的相互作用,并且形成更强的膜。加热必须在从30℃到溶液的沸点之间的范围内进行,优选为从60℃到沸点。
Woerdeman等人(WO 2004/029135A2)描述了一种具有可调的物质性能的麸质聚合物基质,其是通过使用含有聚硫醇的分子在配制时产生的。用于制备麸质聚合物基质的方法包括在含有聚硫醇分子的存在下将麸质分散或混合,或在麸质分散混合物中使麸质与含有聚硫醇的分子结合。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,该方法还包括一个分离步骤,其包括例如通过改变分散液的pH、改变所用的溶剂中的一种的浓度或通过改变混合物的离子强度,使蛋白或其部分沉淀。当进行压塑时,要求100℃的最低温度、2巴的最低压力和进行最少1分钟。
Aung(U.S.5,279,658)描述了一种适用于形成成形制品的组合物,包括面粉、淀粉和水。面粉、淀粉和水各自的量能够使得组合物在预设定的温度范围内是坚硬和稳定的。组合物优选含有40~80重量%的面粉、20~60重量%的淀粉和15~25重量%的水。面粉和淀粉获自天然谷物源,例如玉米、稻、马铃薯、木薯和小麦。组合物可以是丸状,或者是任何其他适于用于制备成形制品的形式。制备面粉和淀粉的混合物,其中面粉和淀粉具有均匀的粒径。在充分的压力、温度和湿气含量下将混合物加热和混合足够的时间,使得当压力下降时,混合物膨胀形成当其冷却时在预设定的温度下是坚硬和稳定的组合物。在蒸煮阶段,将筛过的混合物、水和任何着色或风味剂以2~7千克/小时的速度加入到挤出蒸煮器中,喷嘴比为2∶4,带有以90~220rpm速度旋转的单或双螺杆。在湿气含量为15~35%、温度为120°~220℃和压力为200~300psi的条件下将生面团混合、揉捏和蒸煮。通风降低压力使得生面团膨胀。将膨胀的热面团加压注入带有水冷却压膜的形状压榨机中。在形状压榨机中膨胀的热面团在冷却的压膜的表面快速冷却。在形状压榨机中将膨胀的包装材料压印到正确的厚度。然后形成的包装材料可以用防水剂喷涂、在炉中干燥和在冷却室中冷却。
本发明的一个目的是提供用于从小麦麸质制备固体的可生物降解的制品的低温模塑方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供涉及将小麦麸质干燥但不是蒸煮、使得小麦麸质蛋白的一级结构保持基本不变的低温模塑方法。
发明内容
通常,本发明涉及从小麦麸质制备固体的可生物降解的制品的方法。含水的小麦麸质为粘质、有弹性的生面团的形式。该粘质、有弹性的生面团包括至少8重量%的小麦麸质。将粘质、有弹性的生面团形成为成形的制品并置于足以从成形的面团中去除多余水分、但不会改变小麦麸质蛋白的一级结构(primary structure)的环境中,其中固体可生物降解的制品包括至少8重量%的小麦麸质结果。本发明的固体可生物降解的制品的例子包括例如如下的制品:食物储存容器、食物用具、饮料容器、箱、玩具、生物敷料、医学植入、过滤器和可生物降解的绝缘材料,其中每一固体可生物降解的制品包括至少8重量%的小麦麸质。
本发明的其他目的和优点可以在如下的说明书中部分地说明,并且从说明书中可以很明显的看出,或者可以通过实践本发明而获得。本发明的目的和优点可以通过在所属权利要求中特别指出的手段获得。
具体实施方式
本发明展示了从小麦麸质制备固体可生物降解的制品的低温方法。通常,成形的制品要经受足以出去多余水分的环境使之干燥成固体可生物降解的制品。理想的是在成形的制品中保留一些水分以用作增塑剂。因此,在成形制品的外部的干燥和水分从成形制品的内部的扩散之间要达成平衡。通过采用低温、控制环境中的湿度、或低温和低湿度条件实现该平衡。低温意味着施用的高于室温(至多为低于60℃的温度)的任何热量以用于驱除多余的水分,且不改变小麦麸质蛋白的一级结构。特别地,不期望使小麦麸质实际上被蒸煮(证据为小麦麸质膨胀)或经受热而引发的降解。相反,目的是提供一个有助于干燥成形制品的环境。因此,具有软内部的制品不适用于本发明的方法制备的固体可生物降解的制品或不是期望的。然而,由于干燥时使用低温造成的制品的表面的表面损害是可允许的,并且本领域的技术人员能够意识到。
该方法首先提供形式为粘质、有弹性的生面团的含水小麦麸质,其中粘质、有弹性的生面团包含至少8重量%的麸质,且其中小麦麸质包含具有一级结构的蛋白。用于本发明的小麦麸质可以是本领域的普通技术人员所公知的任何形式的小麦麸质。优选小麦麸质包含至少10%的小麦麸质。更特别地,小麦麸质包含约75重量%的小麦麸质、约10重量%的淀粉、约10重量%的湿气、约5重量%的脂质和约小于1重量%的矿物质。这种小麦麸质是粉末的形式,可商业获得,且已知为Amylum 110从Belgium的Aalst获得,或为Vital Wheat Gluten从MGP Ingredients,Incorporated in Achison,Kansas获得。另外,通过蛋白分馏或萃取提纯的商业小麦麸质可适用于该应用。
当小麦麸质是粉末的形式时,本领域普通技术人员所公知的任何含水试剂可用于本发明作为小麦麸质粉的水合试剂。因此,水合试剂并不仅限于水本身,而可以包括各种含水溶剂。这样的含水溶剂的例子包括,但不限于:水、稀释的HCl、稀释的乙酸、稀释的乳酸、含水的NaOH、含水的醇溶液、脲溶液、离液剂、清洁剂、盐溶液、能够膨胀蛋白链的有机溶剂。优选含水溶剂是水。根据混合条件选择基于水的溶剂。例如,可能需要将pH降低至4或更低。在这种情况,可以使用稀释的HCl、稀释的乙酸或乳酸。在碱性条件下,可以选择含水的NaOH。如果存在强碱性或酸性环境,蛋白结构可能受到不利的影响。含水醇溶液的例子包括但不限于:醇/水混合物,例如70%的乙醇或50%的丙醇混合物。当期望断裂氢键时,使用脲溶液。离液剂的例子是盐酸胍。清洁剂例如十二烷基磺酸钠、溴化十六烷基三甲基铵也可以用作含水溶剂。盐溶液也适用于本发明。也可以使用其他有机溶剂,例如酮、酰胺溶剂、间甲苯酚和六氟异丙醇,只要这种溶剂能够膨胀蛋白链。足够的含水溶剂必须与麸质粉混合,以水合粉末并形成粘质、有弹性的生面团。通常,将约0.1~约0.9重量份的含水溶剂加入到麸质粉中。更优选将约0.5~约0.75重量份的含水溶剂加入到麸质粉中。可以使用与还原剂和/或氧化剂(例如KIO3)结合的任何溶剂以促进生面团性能的优化。
将其他的添加剂加入到制剂中以获得期望的制品性能。例如,将填料加入到水合的小麦麸质中。可以使用本领域技术人员所公知的任何填料,优选填料选自:无机填料;有机填料;增强填料;或天然填料。另外,天然填料为例如来自贝类的壳、或更特别地为研磨成粉末的甲壳类动物的壳。
如需要也可以加入加工助剂。特别是加入例如漂白剂、交联剂和增塑剂的加工助剂。漂白剂的特定例子包括但不限于:过氧化氢、臭氧、碳酸钙、和过氧化钡。交联剂包括但不限于:双官能醛、p,p’-二氟-m,m’-二-硝基二苯基砜、1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯、1-氟-2-硝基-4-叠氮化苯、苯酚-2,4-二磺酰氯化物、α-萘酚-2,4-二磺酰氯化物、己二酸双-(对硝基苯基)酯、羰基双(蛋氨酸对硝基苯基)酯、二叠氮酒石酸、酒石双(甘氨酰叠氮化物)、琥珀酸酯双-(羟基-琥珀酰亚胺酯)、N-(叠氮硝基苯基)γ-氨基丁酸酯羟基-琥珀酰亚胺酯、1,3-二溴丙酮、对叠氮苯甲酰甲基溴化物、1,1-双-(叠氮乙酰基)-2-苯基乙烷、1-叠氮乙酰基-1-溴-2-苯基乙烷、双-叠氮-bensidine、戊二醛、聚亚甲基(n-3-12)二-亚胺酯(imidate)和聚硫醇。二官能醛的更特定例子包括甲醛和戊二醛。也可以添加例如甘油和乙二醇的增塑剂。
加入防腐剂以防止产品中霉的生长。这种防腐剂包括但不限于:抗坏血酸、亚硫酸盐、苯酚、氯化钙、硅胶、丙酸、乙酸、无机酸、叠氮化钠和甲醛。另外,对于某些应用期望加入杀菌剂。如需要加入颜料、紫外稳定剂和抗氧化剂以满足特定的产品要求。
在另一个实施方案中,水合小麦麸质与可生物降解的聚合物混合以形成粘质、有弹性的生面团。可生物降解的聚合物的例子包括但不限于聚乙酸或聚乙烯醇。在形成粘质、有弹性的生面团时,将至少8重量%的小麦麸质与可生物降解的聚合物和水(如果需要)一起混合。更特别地,调整小麦麸质、聚合物和水的比例以提供包含至少8重量%的小麦麸质的粘质、有弹性的生面团。
一旦提供了粘质、有弹性的生面团,将其形成为所期望的形状。使用本领域技术人员所公知的任何方法将弹性生面团形成为成形的制品。例如使用与标准设备相连的模来形成三维成形的制品,其中标准设备用于例如挤出、注塑、压塑和吹塑的形成方法中。另外,形成方法通过定形来进行。定形包括例如使生面团整平或转动和从生面团压印制品的活动。也可以使用形状压榨机。成形方法制得必需进一步干燥以使制品获得完整强度的水合成形制品。水合成形制品与还没有烧制的粘土制品(通常称之为生陶器)相类似。
不管使用哪种成形方法,在所有的情况下,一旦生面团成形,将水合成形制品置于足以从成形制品中清除多余水分、而不会影响小麦麸质蛋白的一级结构的环境中。通过控制温度、湿度、或温度和湿度来实现足以清除多余水分的环境。充分的环境能使得多余水分在成形制品的外部完全干燥之前从成形制品的内部脱离出来。理想的是在制品的内部保留一些水分以用作制品的增塑剂。优选地,环境具有低于约60℃的温度。更优选,环境具有低于约25℃的温度,特别是从约5℃到约20℃的范围。在某些情况下,环境可以是有助于干燥过程的强迫通风的环境。另外,具有低于约60℃的温度的低湿度环境也适用于本发明。完成该步骤产生了包含至少8重量%的小麦麸质的可生物降解的制品。
如本发明的另一个实施方案,如果在固体可生物降解制品的表面出现裂缝,将水应用到成形制品的表面以引发裂缝愈合。控制环境中的湿度以使其有利于除去多余水分而不会改变小麦麸质蛋白的一级结构。最后,如希望将防水涂层应用到可生物降解制品中。
制备本发明的固体可生物降解制品的一个优选实施方案包括压塑。在该方法中,将粘质、有弹性的生面团整平并置于公-母模具中。将平整的生面团在模具中压缩以形成成形的制品,将该制品置于温度小于约60℃、优选小于约25℃、最优选在约5℃到约20℃的范围内的环境中。优选使用从约2巴到约25巴的压力来压缩弹性生面团。
另外,将模具的公模部分除去,保留含有生面团的母模部分,将模具的公模部分返回到温度小于约60℃、优选小于约25℃、最优选在约5℃到约20℃的范围内的环境中。(或者,除去模具的母模部分,留下含有沉积在其上的生面团的模具的公模部分)。当生面团成形时,将其从低温环境中移出,将模具的公模部分置于生面团上。然后移走母模部分,使生面团沉积在模具的公模部分。然后将模具的公模部分返回到低温环境中直至生面团成形。在将公模部分从低温环境中移走后,将模具的母模部分置于模具的公模部分上,使其包含生面团,将模具的公模部分移走,将含有生面团的模具的母模部分返回到低温环境中。重复这些步骤直至生面团无指痕干燥(dry to touch)。在该点,将模具的公模部分和母模部分移走,将成形的制品(其与生陶器相似)置于低温环境中直至其不会因触摸而变形(yield to touch)。
另外,在压缩弹性生面团之前,将生面团置于温度小于约60℃、优选小于约25℃、最优选在约5℃到约20℃的范围内的环境中,优选当没有循环风时在将其置于模具中之前在该温度下放置约1小时。为防止在该过程中发生裂缝,将水应用到成形制品中。在低温环境中循环风以促进制品的干燥。
本发明的固体可生物降解制品可完全地生物降解,在低于60℃的温度下能够获得其足够的强度。另外,当起始生面团中没有添加剂时,该制品对于消费是安全的。该固体可生物降解的制品最低包含至少8重量%的小麦麸质,且小麦麸质的一级结构没有被改变。
实施例
材料。两种来源的商业小麦麸质用于该研究中:第一个来源是得自Amylum(Aalst,Belgium)的商业小麦麸质(根据Dumas方法(N×5.7)测定的“以现状(as-is basis)”的70.2%蛋白),而第二个来源是得自MGP Ingredients,Inc.(Atchison,KS,USA)的商业小麦麸质(根据供应商的“技术数据”表所报告的75%蛋白(N×5.7)。
试验。将100g的小麦麸质粉与大约60g的水混合。将组分彻底的混合几分钟直至麸质粉得以良好的水合,且麸质生面团已获得最大的强度(由谷物化学确定)。随后,将生面团整平,置于公模-蛋品包装纸板-成形模具中。将母模部分置于生面团上,将整个组件在5磅重量的压力下置于冰箱中。8小时后,移走重量和模具的母模部分。将模具的开放的公模部分返回到冰箱中以使生面团干燥数小时。8小时后,将生面团从公模中移出,再放置到母模中。再干燥8小时后,将样品置于公模中以进行均匀的干燥。当样品不再因触摸而变形时,将其完全从模具中取出,返回到冰箱中进行进一步干燥。当麸质蛋品包装纸板获得足够的强度时,将其从冰箱中取出进行测试。上述过程获得没有裂缝和表面缺陷的具有生物弹性的样品。
上述描述只是对于获得本发明的目的、特点和优点的优选实施方式的说明,其并不是将本发明限制于此。来自权利要求的精神和范围的对于本发明的任何修改都是本发明的一部分。
Claims (5)
1.一种固体可生物降解制品,其通过将基本上由含水小麦麸质组成的粘质、有弹性的生面团成型为成形的制品,并在足以从成形的制品中去除多余水分、但不会改变小麦麸质蛋白的一级结构的温度低于60℃的环境中干燥该成形的制品而制得,所述粘质、有弹性的生面团包含至少8重量%的小麦麸质,且其中小麦麸质包含具有一级结构的蛋白,并通过混合经由蛋白质分馏或萃取进行纯化的商用小麦麸质和0.9至0.1重量份的水而制得,其中所述固体可生物降解制品包括至少8重量%的小麦麸质结果。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固体可生物降解制品,其中所述温度低于25℃。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的固体可生物降解制品,其中该固体可生物降解制品选自食物用具、箱、玩具、生物敷料、医学植入物、过滤器或可生物降解的绝缘材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的固体可生物降解制品,其中所述食物用具为食物储存容器或饮料容器。
5.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的固体可生物降解制品,其还包含填料,所述填料选自无机填料、有机填料、增强填料或天然填料。
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US9428648B2 (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2016-08-30 | Green Materials, Llc | Wheat gluten based compositions and articles made therefrom |
US9420810B2 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2016-08-23 | Shearer's Foods, Llc | Shaped food article manufacturing systems and methods |
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IL180765A0 (en) | 2007-06-03 |
AU2005271646A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
EP1778461A2 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
US20110223367A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
CA2575786A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
CA2742442C (en) | 2014-04-08 |
WO2006017481A3 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
ZA200701787B (en) | 2008-06-25 |
JP2008509019A (ja) | 2008-03-27 |
KR20070051848A (ko) | 2007-05-18 |
JP4767951B2 (ja) | 2011-09-07 |
CN101899217A (zh) | 2010-12-01 |
CA2575786C (en) | 2011-10-11 |
US8435614B2 (en) | 2013-05-07 |
RU2007106972A (ru) | 2008-09-10 |
CA2742442A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
IL180765A (en) | 2010-11-30 |
RU2371313C2 (ru) | 2009-10-27 |
CN101005941A (zh) | 2007-07-25 |
US7867587B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 |
CN101005941B (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
WO2006017481A2 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
EP1778461A4 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
US20060027941A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
BRPI0513817A (pt) | 2008-05-20 |
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