CN101886383A - Ecological system engineering technology for controlling and constructing stony desertification - Google Patents
Ecological system engineering technology for controlling and constructing stony desertification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a control, modification and scientific usage technology for rocky desertification and a complete ecological technology engineering thereof, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection and ecological construction. In the invention, a three-dimensional network-like air frame is constructed on the upper part of the ground on which the stony desertification control and ecological construction are planed to be carried out; the three-dimensional network-like air frame is activated with stone under the three-dimensional network-like air frame and an artificial succession technology is carried out for the three-dimensional network-like air frame and stony vegetation, or/and three-dimensional centralized saving utilization and nutrient cycle utilization are carried out for the earth under the three-dimensional network-like air frame, and or/and three-dimensionally receiving, storing, transporting rainwater of the three-dimensional network-like air frame are carried out and a system technology is used; and at last, an artificial community construction system for partial stony desertification ecological control is formed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the complete set technology engineering of improvement, transformation and the ecological construction in a kind of stony desertification plot.Belong to environmental protection and ecological construction technical field.
Background technology
Stony desertification is the ecological degradation phenomenon of earth surface karst landform, the karst landform area takes up an area of 1/10th of sphere area, China's stony desertification area is up to 12.96 ten thousand square kilometres, and main concentrating is distributed in provinces and regions such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei.Because stone riprap stands in great numbers, the arable land sporadicly disperses, soil depletion, and severe water and soil erosion, stony desertification has become the one of the main reasons of masses' poverty.Until now, China's stony desertification area is still in continuous expansion, data according to investigations, in 12 years of 1987-1999, China's stony desertification area has a net increase of 2.2 ten thousand square kilometres, 1999-2010 10 in the period of have a net increase of 2.46 ten thousand square kilometres again, present the gesture of continuous aggravation, become one in the social development of China Xi Budi district Longitude Ji
Big obstacle.
Stony desertification is generally believed one of the ecological degradation phenomenon of a kind of refractory reason that is earth surface.The fragmentary dispersion because large tracts of land stone is exposed, and native Barren is barren, arable area is few, severe water and soil erosion causes the masses can not plant with having, and people's lives are in poor state for a long time.Rocky desertification problem ， Yi Longitude becomes one of the serious environmental in the current whole world and She Hui Longitude Ji problem.The United Nations administers stony desertification and lists " Agenda 21 " in, and China has administered stony desertification and listed " Tenth-Five Year Plan outline " in.
For a long time, to the improvement construction of stony desertification, dropped into a large amount of human and material resources both at home and abroad, but because the weary real effectively control measures of Qi causes rocky desertification problem to be on the rise, area is still in continuous expansion.According to investigations, national stony desertification area from 8.3 ten thousand square kilometres of 1987, increases to present 12.96 ten thousand square kilometres, enlarges rapidly to increase about 3,000,000 mu speed every year on average.Thereby this is called as the persistent ailment of " earth cancer ", is a great problem of pendulum in face of people of the whole China.
Until now, Shang Weijian has effective complete ecological construction technology report in the stony desertification improvement both at home and abroad.
Invention includes
The objective of the invention is to overcome the prior art deficiency, invent a kind of elder generation and intending carrying out stony desertification ecological management construction top, ground, make up an aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape is with recycling to three-dimensional concentrated saving utilization of the soil of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape bottom and nutrient, or/and with the three-dimensional reception of the rainwater of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, store, the systems technology of carrying and using, or/and activation of the stone of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape bottom and the artificial succession technology of rock vegetation form local stony desertification restoration of the ecosystem artificial community construction system at last.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: intending carrying out the stony desertification improvement and the ecological construction face of land earlier, to have natural stone now as pillar, ground one or more cubic network shape of the construction aerial frame-saw of suiting measures to local conditions, the aerial frame-saw of each cubic network shape is or/and recycling with three-dimensional concentrated saving utilization of the soil of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape bottom and nutrient, or/and with the three-dimensional reception of the rainwater of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, store, carry and the using system technology, or/and, form the artificial community structural system that local stony desertification ecological management is built at last again to the stone activation and the artificial succession technology of rock vegetation of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape bottom.
The aerial frame-saw of described cubic network shape, be that different natural stone, the stone column of size and form is pillar in stony desertification ecological management ground/location to intend carrying out, adopt various wire rods, each is disperseed isolated stone, stone column, interconnect, constituting this plant of the network-like aerial framework ， of the polytype of different sizes, shape, height Wei Rattan provides and climbs up by holding on to support for the Zhu De Longitude plant of helping.Form the ecological environment of growths such as being beneficial to shade plant, epiphyte simultaneously below the network-like aerial framework.
Described stone activation and the artificial succession technology of rock vegetation, foster and apply fertilizer by nutrient solution, allow stone surface some epiphyte algae that begin to grow, and to sow simultaneously with the legume be that this plant of this plant of Zhu De Rattan Rang Rattan climbing is covered in the stone surface, allows the stone face form Yi in a short time and Ding the green of Nong Mi and cover, the stone surface that this has activated, except providing for group a large amount of feeds and the organic fertilizer, also decided environmental basis for plantation high benefit industrial crops pad.
By the three-dimensional reception of described rainwater, the storage of rainwater, the conveying and the using system technology of rainwater with the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, be meant in the stony desertification ecological construction, awning by the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape top, and stone surface rainwater intercepting drain, omnibearing stereo receives rainwater, and rainwater is transported in the water cellar with pipeline or irrigation canals and ditches, operation, use are provided, store, plantation plant in the artificial community plot that guarantees fully and constantly to be supplied to plan to carry out stony desertification improvement and ecological construction is or/and the annual water needs of cultivated animals.
Three-dimensional concentrated saving utilization of described soil and nutrient are recycling, be meant plan is carried out stony desertification improvement and the ground fragmentary hungry soil of ecological construction, concentratedly stack thicker soil horizon, and on thicker soil this plant of Zhong Zhi Rattan, use soil to save, increase soil fertility comprehensively and prevent soil loss, this plant of plantation De Rattan main part stem, leaf, flower, really, all all leave the face of land, climb on the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, for planting ombrophyte and raising chicken again in the aerial frame-saw lower layer space of cubic network shape, duck, and other animals, create favorable conditions.
The present invention is main to be to intend carrying out stony desertification restoration of the ecosystem ground region top earlier, utilize existing natural stone as pillar, suit measures to local conditions ground construction size, variform one or the aerial frame-saw of several cubic network shapes, this aerial frame-saw is for allowing the plant climbing that a growing environment is provided.
Because general stony desert does not have ground and only keeps some fragmentary thin soils, these soil can be concentrated relatively and be stacked, form a thick soil horizon, supply with this plant of Zhong Zhi Rattan, use soil to save, increase soil fertility comprehensively and prevent soil loss, carry out the artificial community construction of stony desertification ecological management.
This plant of the Rattan main part stem, leaf, flower of plantation, really all leaves the face of land, climbs the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, for planting ombrophyte and raising chicken, duck and other animals in the aerial frame-saw lower layer space of cubic network shape again, creates favorable conditions.
For the stony desertification ecological management is built the water source in zone, technical solution of the present invention is carried out solid with the rainwater of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape with can selecting to suit measures to local conditions and is received, stores, carries and use; Be to connect awning and the stone face rainwater that dams, flow in the aerial water cellar of UNICOM.The shape of these water cellars and, size and material therefor, decide with water cellar set-point and other concrete conditions.Adopt all technology, the stony desertification ecological management can be built the location, abundant water source is provided, the water demand of plant and animal in the lasting supplying artificial group.
Situation according to the artificial community stony desertification zone of planning to build upright ecology, the aerial frame-saw difference of the single cubic network shape of the present invention/or the three-dimensional concentrated saving utilization of soil and the nutrient of common and the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape bottom are recycling, perhaps/and with the three-dimensional reception of the rainwater of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, storage, conveying and using system technology, perhaps/and, constitute the different technologies scheme again to the stone activation and the free arrangement combination mutually of the artificial succession technology of rock vegetation of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape bottom.Use stone as pillar, make up the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, with the plant photosynthesis face in the artificial community, the water activity face, nutrient circulation face, and native Barren farming face are brought up to different last sheaf spaces comprehensively, framework the optimum ecosystem of " artificial community " three-dimensional dynamic equilibrium, successfully finished the final goal of stony desertification improvement and ecological construction.
The technology of the present invention characteristics: this system's technology is administered technology with conventional stony desertification, and following difference and characteristics are arranged in essence:
1, operate notional characteristics; This technology is the actual conditions according to stony desertification, at first fully pay attention to excavate the economic development potentiality in stony desertification plot, make the masses as early as possible economically Taste to sweet taste, stony desertification is administered build and combine with daily production Jin Mi, become masses' spontaneous action, when developping production, receive the improvement and a series of social benefit achievement of ecological environment.
2, characteristics on the speed of producing effects: present technique is at first stage of construction, adopt the aquaculture of instant effects such as produce effects fast economic plants and chicken, duck as far as possible, main body as artificial community is managed object, have then and implement, the characteristics that take effect have then been avoided the thought and the action obstacle of " the aid is too slow to be helpful " among the masses.
3, technical operation is simple, the masses at a glance can, once with clever.
4, the technology implementation cost is cheap, and the general masses can both bear.
5, since the soil centralized management, sunny, the circulation of air of frame plantation, disease and pest is less relatively, and therefore, the management of object is cultured in the equal plantation of the more non-stony desertification of cultivation management work, and is more simply laborsaving.
6, input-output ratio use material owing to build, and adopts mostly to gather materials on the spot and some use material at a low price, one of add year to drop into, income for many years, therefore, input-output ratio apparently higher than the locality non-stony desertification plant on an equal basis and the breed project.
7, use the theory and technology of " artificial community "; leading to this plant of Rattan is main vegetation aspect, activity with sunlight, heat, precipitation, air, soil in the stony desertification plot, rise to sheaf space comprehensively, from theoretical height, solved following two big fundamental issues in the stony desertification ecological construction in conjunction with practice:
1),, changes into three-dimensional, complete and connect the efficient operation process of reading from stony desertification environment lower plane, fracture, the matter energy of the poor efficiency operation process that flows.
2), pernicious, the destructive face of land reallocation state of light, heat, water, soil, gas natural resource under the stony desertification environment changes the constructive reallocation state based on plant of the optimum ecosystem into.
Above-mentioned four technology, the Latent that has fully excavated the stony desertification soil is in advantage, join multiple biology with suitable growth, by the people is measure, with light in the stony desertification plot, heat, water, soil, gas, stone, and plant, animal, form multi-level, " artificial community " system architecture of multiple class, by artificial community network structure operative configuration, produce various biological products, receive fast and Ming Xian De Longitude Ji benefit, and soil erosion be reduced to greatest extent, microclimate be improved significantly, ecological benefits and social benefit are Yu Longitude Ji benefit obtains simultaneous growth, for a new road of scientific development is walked out in the clear improvement of stony desertification.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be the present invention utilize the both sides equal height two natural stones as pillar, aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape of construction, this aerial frame-saw can allow plant climbing that the user mode schematic diagram of a growing environment is provided.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes a higher natural stone in centre, and several lower all around natural stones are as pillar, and aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape of construction, this aerial frame-saw can allow the plant climbing that the user mode schematic diagram of a growing environment is provided.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention utilizes a higher natural stone in centre, and several lower all around natural stones are as pillar, and the aerial frame-saw of another cubic network shape of construction, this aerial frame-saw can allow the plant climbing that the user mode schematic diagram of a growing environment is provided.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the present invention carries out the rainwater of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape three-dimensional reception, storage, conveying and user mode.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention is in the aerial frame-saw lower layer space of cubic network shape, with the schematic diagram of dry-lot feeding chicken, duck and other animals.
Fig. 6 be the present invention in the aerial frame-saw lower layer space of cubic network shape, these soil concentrate are stacked relatively, form a thick soil horizon, supply with this plant of Zhong Zhi Rattan, use soil, the schematic diagram of increasing soil fertility comprehensively and preventing soil loss to save.
The specific embodiment
Under the advocating of the famous scientist Cai Xitao of the older generation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wu Zhengyi, Qu Zhongxiang, a collection of scientist headed by awarding by the former Kunming ecological Studies chief Feng Yao of institute religion, adhere to constantly having created " artificial community " this ecological engineering subject recent decades, and in Yunnan, ground large tracts of land such as Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan Island promote, Ming Xian De Longitude Ji, ecology and social benefit have been obtained, obtain the first-class scientific award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the great talent and bold vision prize of international Switzerland.Obtain internationally generally praising and generally acknowledging, and through State Council approved, set up that to award with the Feng Yao religion be first artificial community international organization of president.The Feng Yao religion is awarded with him and is engaged in botany and ecological speciality all one's life, sums up and propose the complete skill of this " several key technologies of stony desertification ecological construction and system applies thereof ", is the stony desertification ecological construction, has started a brand-new situation.
This system's technology, form with following four basic key technologies:
1, the three-dimensional production network architecture technology in the stony desertification ecological construction; Present technique is that existing stone is as natural pillar in the usefulness stony desertification plot, and the three-dimensional aerial rack of construction with main plant production face (stem, leaf, flower, fruit etc.), is increased to various height space, and its main mode is as follows:
1-1, the plane frame; Use the stone that highly surpasses more than two meters, use various wire rods, make the frame that is parallel to the face of land, this kind frame is the desirable facility of this Longitude of plantation Duo Zhong Rattan Ji plant.
1-2, stand; Or height of linking to each other isolated at some are at the stone top of 2-3 meter, and fixing comparatively firm reinforcing bar etc. are as crossbeam, and the various wire rods of suspention form vertical shape rack on crossbeam, and all climb up by holding on to plant all can freely climb growth last.
1-3 is by frame; With isolated high boulder is the center, with Da Shi and short stone connection on every side, can form inclined-plane Kao Peng, for plant climbing growth with wire rod.
1-4, stand; Many kinds of economic plants as the stem of noble dendrobium and some edible mushrooms, medicinal fungus etc., need be planted planting management on the table top about a meter, can set up stand between highly close stone, also can gather materials on the spot at big flanks, build up stand with rubble.
1-5; Roof truss; In short stone part in groups, choose a higher stone as center pillar, stone tractive netting twine towards periphery, form one in the middle of the low roof shape frame in high four sides.
1-6; Stone face frame; At the stone veil frame that the Da Shi surface network forms, extremely useful for making full use of the Da Shi surface.
2, technology is set up in stone activation and the artificial succession of rock vegetation in the stony desertification ecological construction, it is characterized in that fostering and apply fertilizer by nutrient solution, makes the stone superficial growth go out epiphytes such as tongue ?.Meanwhile ， Ba kind is this plant of Zhu De Rattan with the legume, and climbing covers at dead Fu, can form the green Fu lid of stone face of Yi Nong Mi in a short time.The stone surface that this has activated, form activating surface gradually with certain moisture and nutrient, not only for group provides a large amount of feeds and fertilizer, and become development plantation as ' dendrobium candidum ', orchid, edible mushroom, contour benefit economy crop pad has been decided environmental basis.
3, in the stony desertification ecological construction, the solid of rainfall receives, stores, operation, use, the systematization technology.In China's Rocky Desertification Region, abundant precipitation is all arranged, adopt collection, operation, the storage procedures of science, can satisfy needing of animal and plant growth life fully.
3-1, the collection of rainfall
3-1-1 meets Yu Gaopeng; In the stone column location of standing in great numbers, with wire rod pull-up frame for plastic greenhouse, just can fully rainwater be caught, it is stand-by that the rainwater of catching in time is transported to the storage house by pipeline.
3-1-2, macrodome compiles rainfall; On tall and big stone face, adopt the rainfall interception technology, at the Da Shi plane of structure, construct the cross section ditch that dams, rainwater is descended along ditch, collect in the various water cellars stand-by.
3-1-3 spreads film in short Shi Tou Mi collection zone, rainfall all can be connect and be compiled in face of land indentation part, and drainage comes together in the water cellar stand-by.
3-2, the storage of rainfall
3-2-1, aerial water cellar is stored; Be to connect awning and the stone face rainwater that dams, flow in the aerial water cellar of UNICOM.The shape of these water cellars, size and material therefor are decided with water cellar set-point and other concrete conditions.This aerial storage procedures, ten minutes helps the usefulness of automatic dripping irrigation.
3-2-2, water cellar is stored on the ground; Choose the stone group who is arranged in definite shape, in the middle of the stone group certain area space will be arranged, as the usefulness of water storage.Pile up with rubble gap between the stone, encloses into a water cellar on the ground, and cellar for storing things Gao Keda repaves film special more than two meters, just can water storage.On the cellar for storing things, pull on iron wire, form one again and produce frame, but growing plant not only on the frame also can prevent water evaporates.Such ground water cellar can also be used as the usefulness than pocket crop automatic dripping irrigation.
3-2-3, half water cellar storage on the ground; This method is to above-mentioned similar, and the difference part is that part cellar for storing things under the face of land, has this physical relief part also can adopt.
3-2-4, underground water cellar is stored; At the underground cement kiln of building, rainwater concentrate is stored, for people and animals' water, being present patent application person initiated during not in the Rocky Desertification Region poverty alleviation of Guangnan County, Yunnan Province the eighties, now extensively promoted.
3-3, drip irrigation; With the above-mentioned aerial or water of water cellar storages on the ground, cause plant rhizome portion with flexible pipe and fix, need the regimen condition according to plant, control the quantitative drip irrigation supply with switch.
4, in the stony desertification ecological construction, soil centralized management, saving are used, are built up fertility and prevent the loss technology;
According to surveying Suan, the spatial surface that this plant root of Rattan occupies, generally less than branches and leaves etc. taken up space 1/10th, this just is the fragmentary table soil that disperses on the stony desertification face of land, concentrated use becomes possibility.This soil centralized management technology, not only saved greatly in the soil management relevantly apply fertilizer, pour water, work such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, and be the multilayer utilization on the face of land, as carry out the shade plant plantation, soilless culture, and raise livestock and poultry etc., the broad space is provided, use the pillar of stone column in addition, in expense and management, also bring very advantageous conditions as the essential fence of animal husbandry, mew.
4-1, the plantation pool; The low concave portion on the face of land needs with landform and plantation, becomes the stone ridge of high 30-40 with the rubble brick work, form one and exceed the face of land, will around table soil concentrate in the pool, until concordant, form the deep plantation pool of soil layer for planting use with the side of a pond.
4-2, the plantation platform; Press isohypse, the selection appropriate route with the stone pin and the rubble that distribute on the spot, is piled up the stone ridge of a height 30-40, and table soil concentrates in the stone ridge on every side, fills and leads up to concordant with the ridge until earth, promptly forms the deep plant growing tableland of a soil layer.
Above-mentioned four technology, the Latent that has fully excavated the stony desertification soil is in advantage, join multiple biology with suitable growth, by the people is measure, with light in the stony desertification plot, heat, water, soil, gas, stone, and plant, animal, form multi-level, " artificial community " system architecture of multiple class, by artificial community network structure operative configuration, produce various biological products, receive fast and Ming Xian De Longitude Ji benefit, and soil erosion be reduced to greatest extent, microclimate be improved significantly, ecological benefits and social benefit are Yu Longitude Ji benefit obtains simultaneous growth, for a new road of scientific development is walked out in the clear improvement of stony desertification.
Specific implementation method of the present invention is the stony desertification plot, by above-mentioned specific implementation method, turns the arable land, good farmland that a block manure water guarantees, ensures stable yields despite drought or excessive rain into.As on this ploughs, adopt those plants or animal, form that a kind of artificial community tactic pattern, all must be according to weather, the soil of different regions, and various social condition is applied in a flexible way.
Introduce several important economic plants that the stony desertification ecological management is built the plot development that are suitable for below.
South America You Rattan Latin formal name used at school Plukenetin volubilis linneo
Plukenetia volubilis linneo claims seal to add fruit with peanut, seal again, is the perennial woody climber oilseed plant of Euphorbiaceae, and former growth is Amazon River basin tropical rain forest in South America.Plukenetia volubilis linneo is planted then, can bear fruit then, and 2-3 promptly enters the phase of abounding with.The plukenetia volubilis linneo productive phase, is very long, and productive phase can reach 75 years; The field planting plant phase of abounding with can reach 10-15.Plukenetia volubilis linneo monoecism, wind pollination are main, the fruit-setting rate height, and output is very high.Original producton location Peru report per mu yield seed reaches as high as more than 250 kilograms.Seed is rich in grease, protein, amino acid, also has multivitamin and tocopherol.The grease part mainly is made up of polybasic unsaturated fatty acid, and its content is apparently higher than other all oilseed plants.The Sacha Inchi oil that squeezes from seed can be used for aspects such as food, health care, pharmacy, cosmetics.At aspects such as adjusting blood fat, angiocardiopathy preventing, maintenance skin significant effect is arranged also.Because constituent and very high nutritive value that Sacha Inchi oil is good are considered to best in the world vegetable oil; All there is sale in all developed countries and area to Related product in the world, and the developing target market of plukenetia volubilis linneo vegetable oil has very big potentiality.South America You Rattan is recently in China's Xishuangbanna successful introduction.
Because oil Rattan in South America has above-mentioned advantage, be again perennial wooden matter Rattan this, annual bearing is worked as in plantation then, output height, quality are good, are desirable stony desertification artificial communities. important constructive species.
Vanilla, Latin formal name used at school: Vanilla planifolia
Vanilla originates in African Madagascar tropical rain forest, has another name called vanilla, vanilla, is a kind of large-scale the orchid family spice berry.Vanilla fruit pod contains vanillic aldehyde (or claiming vanillon) and 150-170 kind compositions such as carbon hydrocarbon compound, alcohols, carboxyl compound, ester class, phenols, acids, phenolic ether class and heterocyclic compound.Because it has special odor type, is widely used as the blending raw material of high-grade food such as high-grade cigarette, famous brand of wine, cream, coffee, cocoa, chocolate.Now become a kind of natural flavouring that the various countries customer likes the most, so the laudatory title of " king of food flavor " is arranged.The general two-and-a-half years to three in vanilla plantation back year just can be yielded positive results, and then enter the phase of abounding with in six to seven years, and the economic life is about 10 years.Along with the prosperity of World Economics and human living standard's generally raising, supply falls short of demand always for the demand of vanilla, and the price straight line rises, and on American market, the price of per kilogram vanilla fruit pod is just up to 90 dollars, and bullish market.
Vanilla is called as " spices queen ".The fragrance of her uniqueness is used widely her in a lot of fields.What is particularly worth mentioning is that, be applied to cigarette industry, it can improve the quality scale of cigarette greatly, makes cigarette have soft smoke.The senior cigar of famous brand is abroad used vanilla bean tincture dipping tobacco leaf, thereby makes cigar produce the fine and smooth soft smoke cigarette perfume (or spice) of unlimited glamour.Use very extensively in the world in the famous cosmetics of super quality manufacturing process of vanilla beans extract, the compound fragrance that she is strong makes the cosmetics user that enchanting charm more be arranged.
Because vanilla has very high economic benefit, and climb characteristics such as slow, happiness the moon, in the stony desertification artificial community, the growing environment that can find fragrant cottonrose hibiscus orchid to be fit to the most.Be a desirable constructive species in the very rare stony desertification artificial community, implant mass can form a big industry.
The stem of noble dendrobium, Latin formal name used at school: Dendrobium officinale
Dendrobium candidum in the stem of noble dendrobium has another name called ribbed hedyotis herb, belongs to aerial orchid section herbaceous plant.Dendrobium candidum is the superfine product in the stem of noble dendrobium, and iron is green gains the name because of epidermis is for it.Dendrobium candidum has unique medical value, is born in and sets on last and the rock.Multi-processing becomes famous " maple bucket " patent medicine.Originate in ground such as Dabie Mountain, Chinese Anhui, Mt. Tiantai, East Zhejiang province, Ninghua, Fujian, Tiane, Guangxi, Yunnan mountain of papers and Sichuan, be distributed on the mountain region half dark and damp rock of the nearly km of height above sea level more, the low temperature of general equal ability-5 ℃.
Dendrobium candidum grows in the moon place of overhanging cliff, and normal suspension cable precipice of ancients or archery are gathered.As the health superfine product, be subjected to imperial palace noble's favor since ancient times deeply.But because its growth conditions is special, wild output is very rare, more excessively excavates for a long time because of among the people, causes wild resource endangered.
Modern study shows that the stem of noble dendrobium contains various trace elements, and these trace elements have confidential relation for the good health and a long life of human body, and the stem of noble dendrobium is more extensive to the anti-aging effects of human body than general medicine to the anti-aging effects of human body, more comprehensively.Because dendrobium candidum has high economic valency and plants, special in addition ecological habit and growth requirement, be suitable as very much in the stony desertification artificial community the important member plant in addition large tracts of land promote, form a big industry.
Sheng Rattan Latin formal name used at school: Calamus sp.
Belonging to Palmae, is a kind of strong but pliable in texture, liana that figure is extremely long, and its crust is bright in luster, and feel is level and smooth, and elasticity is splendid, is commonly called as rattan and slights.It
Fine and grow 500 meters of the Zui Long De Ke Da of 300 meters ， of Yi Ban Long Da.It is extremely strong to economize rattan climbing power, is the plant of the Zui Long of Shi circle Shang.
Economizing rattan is a kind of first-class natural braided material, and daily apparatus exquisitenesses such as the rattan chair of establishment, rattan case are attractive in appearance, kind is various, and is durable in use, through the ages, liked by the customer.
Nowadays, rattan plaited utensil that technology is produced, except that bulk products such as traditional chair, several, table, also have basket, indigo plant, box, case and flower stand, bookshelf and even a complete set of parlor, study furniture, exquisitely carved, quaint and be no lack of the epoch new meaning, have very strong practicality and artistry, and be adapted to different environment---place cold chamber to can not help that it is luxurious, unconsciously it is plain to be distributed in China's hall, be that rich or poor all suitable, refined custom is shared, so product market always is prosperous freely.But because of consumption increases year by year, supply falls short of demand far away for cultivation speed, and market is in short supply unusually, is desirable development object of Rocky Desertification Region.
Chinese gooseberry Latin formal name used at school: Actinidia chinensis Planch
Kiwi fruit has another name called Chinese grooseberry.Belong to perennial liana, the Chinese gooseberry dioecism, fruit shape ellipse is subsphaeroidal, Beijing opera brown or yellow green, there is fine hair on the surface, and skin is thin, and the pulp light green is translucent.Its juice multi-flavor perfume (or spice), sweet and sour taste, nutritive value are very high, and every hectogram fresh fruit contains vitamin C 100～400ml, be 5～10 times of citrus, for pears and apple 20～28 times so the title of " vitamin fruit " is arranged, also contain amino acid, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, several mineral materials such as potassium.Long-term eating can be improved human body SOD activity, builds up health, and delays senility, and therefore is described as " king of Chinese fruit ".
The monkey peach is nutritious, and is tasty.Sugar content about 13% in the fruit, acid content about 2%, and also every hectogram pulp contains 400 milligrams of vitamins, than high nearly 9 times of oranges and tangerines.The fresh fruit moderately sour and sweet, pleasant to the palate.Be referred to as " super fruit ", qualified.
The kiwi fruit market prospects are fabulous, and have the perennial characteristics of climbing up by holding on to, and are the good constructive species in the stony desertification artificial community.
Passionflower Latin formal name used at school: Passionfora edulis f.flavicarpa Deg.
Another name: egg fruit, enthusiasm fruit, Brazil nut, passion fruit are that a kind of torrid zone, subtropical zone liana are climbed up by holding on to fruit tree, and the sweet acid of fruit is good to eat, and is with rich flavor, and fragrance is pleasant.Present known passionflower fruit contains the aromatic substance that surpasses more than 132 kinds, is one of the most fragrant known fruit in the world, and the good reputation of " king of fruit juice " is arranged.It is suitable for being processed into fruit juice most, or is mixed into blended fruit juice with other fruit (as mango, pineapple, guava, mandarin orange orange and apple etc.) processing, can improve the mouthfeel and the fragrance of these fruit syrup significantly; The fruit juice that also can cook ice cream (ice cream) adds material, or as the additive of other food to promote fragrance, improve quality.In the world the demand of passionflower is grown steadily at present, especially areas such as Europe, North America constantly increase the demand of dahlia fruit juice, a large amount of passionflower magma of need import.Domesticly be subjected to very much customer's welcome from formal dahlia fruit juice and the mixed juice beverage released of nineteen ninety, demand is also growing steadily.Because of its climbing up by holding on to property and perennial characteristics, be a kind of desirable constructive species in the stony desertification artificial community.
Chinese yam latin name: Dioscorea opposite
Another name: Chinese yam, RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE frOm Henan of China, Chinese yam rhizome.Herbaceos perennial, stem is overgrow, and often is with purple, and the piece root is cylindrical, dioecism.Starch-containing and the protein of piece root, nutritious because of it, just be regarded as inexpensive qi-restoratives good merchantable brand since ancient times, both can make staple food grain, can do vegetables again, can also make the snack of sugarcoated haws and so on.
Chinese yam, tonify without causing stagnation, not hot not dry, can enriching spleen-QI and beneficial stomach-Yin, the Chang Peiwu Chinese yam is used in many anti-ageing prescriptions.Saponin with the dioscorea zingiberensis wright extraction, can synthesize with it and to produce kind surplus cortex hormone of aadrenaline with functions such as anti-inflammatory, analgesia, anesthesia, contraceptions, sex hormone, the protein anabolic hormone three major types hormone drug 60, be widely used in multiple diseases such as treatment heart disease, antitumor, rheumatoid disease, severe infections, and thorough treatment, be difficult for recurrence, have no side effect.Along with saponin in pharmaceutically extensive use, and wild resource reduces year by year, does not satisfy the market demand far away.Consider from grain security, Chinese yam also is the important constructive species of a very important stony desertification artificial community.
Large-fruited hodgsonia Latin formal name used at school: Hodgsonia macrocarpa
Large-fruited hodgsonia be the perennial Mu Zhi of Curcurbitaceae Rattan this, wild in Xishuangbanna tropical rain forest and evergreen broadleaf forest, big famous as egg because of melon seeds, melon seeds are greatly and the oil content height is good edible oil and dry fruit.Early sixties, botanical garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xishuangbanna had once successfully carried out the domestication work that wild change man plants, but because of it needs built production, and the cost cost is too high and fail to promote.By the network frame technology in the stony desertification artificial community, solved large-fruited hodgsonia fully in the subject matter of producing in promoting.
Chocho Latin formal name used at school: Sechium edule
Another name: foreign sponge gourd, close hand melon, chocho, good fortune longevity melon.Sponge gourd delicate fragrance crisp sweet, fine and tender taste in ocean in the fruit of the foreign sponge gourd of per 100 grams, contains protein 0.9-1.2 gram, carbohydrate 2.6-7.7 gram, vitamin C 12-22 milligram, carrotene 20 micrograms.The content of potassium is higher, can reach 190 milligrams, 0.1 milligram in riboflavin, 500 milligrams of calcium, 320 milligrams in phosphorus, 40 milligrams of iron, 10 milligrams in sodium, 0.03 milligram of copper, 7 milligrams in magnesium, zinc 8.35 microgram selenium 2.3 micrograms.Contain folic acid, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid etc. in addition.Normal food is useful to the ability that strengthens the human body resist the disease.The traditional Chinese medical science think it have regulate the flow of vital energy and in, the effect of soothing the liver cough-relieving, it is edible to be suitable for indigestion, inflatable uncomfortable in chest, vomiting, stomachache due to emotional depression and the hyperactive liver-qi attacking the stomach and tracheitis cough ant phlegm person.
The main feature of chocho is the output extra-high-speed, and every mu can be produced melon 4000-5000 kilogram, and the compliance extra-heavy, is not only good vegetables, also is of great value feed.In stony desertification artificial community, be a very desirable important member based on aquaculture.
Grape
Be well-known fruit and system liquor raw material, no longer its characteristic etc. described in detail here. because it belongs to many years livings these plants of Rattan and have vast market, so be suitable as constructive species in the stony desertification artificial community fully.
Except that above-mentioned kind, rare medicinal herbss such as pseudo-ginseng, genseng, rhizoma Gastrodiae, Paris polyphylla, in the stony desertification artificial community, therefore the suitableeest ecological environment that has their growths to require can be selected to use with suiting measures to local conditions.
Claims (5)
1. the ecological systems engineering technology of building is administered in stony desertification, it is characterized in that intending carrying out the stony desertification improvement and the ecological construction face of land earlier, to have natural stone now as pillar, ground one or more cubic network shape of the construction aerial frame-saw of suiting measures to local conditions, the aerial frame-saw of each cubic network shape is or/and recycling with three-dimensional concentrated saving utilization of the soil of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape bottom and nutrient, or/and with the three-dimensional reception of the rainwater of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, store, carry and the using system technology, or/and, form the artificial community structural system that local stony desertification ecological management is built at last again to the stone activation and the artificial succession technology of rock vegetation of the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape bottom.
2. the ecological systems engineering technology of building is administered in stony desertification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the aerial frame-saw of described cubic network shape, be that different natural stone, the stone column of size and form is pillar in stony desertification ecological management ground/location to intend carrying out, adopt various wire rods, each is disperseed isolated stone, stone column, interconnect, constitute different sizes, shape, height
This plant of the network-like aerial framework ， of polytype Wei Rattan climbs up by holding on to support for Zhu De Longitude Ji plant provides.Form the ecological environment of growths such as being beneficial to shade plant, epiphyte simultaneously below the network-like aerial framework.
3. the ecological systems engineering technology of building is administered in stony desertification according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described stone activation and the artificial succession technology of rock vegetation, foster and apply fertilizer by nutrient solution, allow stone surface some epiphyte algae that begin to grow, and to sow simultaneously with the legume be that this plant of this plant of Zhu De Rattan Rang Rattan climbing is covered in the stone surface, allowing the stone face form Yi in a short time Dings the green of Nong Mi and covers, the stone surface that this has activated, except providing for group a large amount of feeds and the organic fertilizer, also decided environmental basis for plantation high benefit industrial crops pad.
4. the ecological systems engineering technology of building is administered in stony desertification according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that by three-dimensional reception of described rainwater the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, the storage of rainwater, the conveying of rainwater and using system technology, be meant in the stony desertification ecological construction, awning by the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape top, and stone surface rainwater intercepting drain, omnibearing stereo receives rainwater, and rainwater is transported in the water cellar with pipeline or irrigation canals and ditches, operation is provided, use, store, plantation plant in the artificial community plot that guarantees fully and constantly to be supplied to plan to carry out stony desertification improvement and ecological construction is or/and the annual water needs of cultivated animals.
5. the ecological systems engineering technology of building is administered in stony desertification according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the three-dimensional concentrated saving of described soil utilizes and nutrient is recycling, be meant plan is carried out stony desertification improvement and the ground fragmentary hungry soil of ecological construction, concentratedly stack thicker soil horizon, and on thicker soil this plant of Zhong Zhi Rattan, use soil to save, increase soil fertility comprehensively and prevent soil loss, this plant of plantation De Rattan main part stem, leaf, flower, really, all all leave the face of land, climb on the aerial frame-saw of cubic network shape, for planting ombrophyte and raising chicken again in the aerial frame-saw lower layer space of cubic network shape, duck, and other animals, create favorable conditions.
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| CN103749023A (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-04-30 | 云南省林业科学院 | Method for treating stony desertification zone through frangipani interplanting cash crops and accompany-cultivated bees |
| CN104823820A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-08-12 | 浙江农林大学 | Cliff cultivation technique of dendrobium nobile |
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| CN106638339B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2022-04-08 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Algae blanket and preparation method thereof |
| CN107182335A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-22 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of Karst Mountains Desertification Area ecological restoring method |
| CN108651179A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-16 | 重庆市林业科学研究院 | It is a kind of to repair severe stony desertification method using liana |
| CN108651179B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2020-10-20 | 重庆市林业科学研究院 | Method for repairing severe stony desertification by using liana |
| CN108633592A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-12 | 重庆市林业科学研究院 | It is a kind of to repair moderate stony desertification method using liana |
| CN108934886A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州省思南县林海生态农牧专业合作社 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of hayashishita of green colored lady's slipper |
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