CN101874152A - 排气净化装置 - Google Patents

排气净化装置 Download PDF

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CN101874152A
CN101874152A CN200880117016A CN200880117016A CN101874152A CN 101874152 A CN101874152 A CN 101874152A CN 200880117016 A CN200880117016 A CN 200880117016A CN 200880117016 A CN200880117016 A CN 200880117016A CN 101874152 A CN101874152 A CN 101874152A
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selective reduction
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particulate filter
outer tube
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CN101874152B (zh
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小和田稔
清水努
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Hino Motors Ltd
Tokyo Roki Co Ltd
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    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate silencers in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • F01N13/141—Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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Abstract

提供一种不会产生尿素的析出且能够可靠吸收微粒过滤器一侧与选择还原型催化剂一侧的热膨胀差的排气净化装置。微粒过滤器(5)以及选择还原型催化剂以相互的输入侧端部彼此朝向相同的方向的方式并列地配置，排气净化装置具备S字结构的联络流路(9)，从微粒过滤器(5)的输出侧端部排出的废气(3)逆向折返而导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部，能够向该联络流路(9)的上游添加尿素水，成为联络流路(9)的直线延伸部位的混合管(10)的中途作为使内管(16)与外管(17)插拔自如地重合的双重管部(18)而构成，外管(17)的终端固定安装在内管(16)的外周上，并且在所述外管(17)的适当位置形成有在轴心方向上扩缩自如的波纹部(19)，在内管(16)的终端外周外嵌安装有密封环(20)。

Description

排气净化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种排气净化装置。
背景技术
近年来，提出了下述的方案，在排气管的中途具备收集废气中的微粒的微粒过滤器，同时在该微粒过滤器的下游一侧具备选择还原型催化剂，即使在氧气共存的的状态下也能选择性地使NOx与氨反应，在该选择还原型催化剂与上述微粒过滤器之间作为还原剂添加尿素水，实现微粒与NOx的同时降低。
在这种情况下，由于尿素水向选择还原型催化剂的添加是在微粒过滤器与选择还原型催化剂之间进行的，所以如果要确保添加到废气中的尿素水热分解成氨和碳酸气为止的充分反应时间，则必须要加长从尿素水的添加位置到选择还原型催化剂的距离，但当使微粒过滤器与选择还原型催化剂隔开充分的距离分离配置时，向车辆上的搭载性明显受损。
因此，也提出了图1所示的紧凑的排气净化装置，在其中图示的排气净化装置中，在从柴油发动机1经由排气歧管2排出的废气3所流通的排气管4的中途，分别由壳体7、8包围保持地并列配置有收集废气3中的微粒的微粒过滤器5，以及位于该微粒过滤器5的下游一侧、具备即使在有氧气共存的状态下也能够选择性地使NOx与氨反应的性质的选择还原型催化剂6，同时设置将微粒过滤器5的输出侧端部与选择还原型催化剂6的输入侧端部之间连接在一起且在其上游一侧具备喷射器11的S字结构的联络流路9，穿过该该联络流路9从微粒过滤器5的输出侧端部排出的废气3逆向折返而导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂6的输入侧端部。
这样，在成为该联络流路9的直线延伸部位的混合管10的输入侧端部同心状地安装有喷射器11，以能够向该混合管10的中心位置添加尿素水，例如图2所示，通过导翼13等引导废气3，使其相对于形成在混合管10的输入侧端部的靠近微粒过滤器5的输出侧的侧面上的开口部12从切线方向导入，从而在混合管10内形成旋回流，能够促进由喷射器11添加的尿素水的分散。
另外，在图1中，在包围保持微粒过滤器5的壳体7内的前段装备有对废气3中的未燃烧燃料部分进行氧化处理的氧化催化剂14，在微粒的堆积量增加时，阶段性地通过上述氧化催化剂14向上游一侧的废气3中添加燃料，使该添加燃料在上述氧化催化剂14通过的期间进行氧化反应，通过该反应热而将废气3升温，之后提高微粒过滤器5的催化剂床温度，这样一来，主动地通过燃烧除去收集后的微粒，能够实现微粒过滤器5的强制再生。
而且，在包围保持选择还原型催化剂6的壳体8内的前段装备有降氨催化剂15，以便能够对以未反应的状态穿过了上述选择还原型催化剂6的剩余的氨进行氧化处理，从而能够将氨随着废气3向车外排出的事态防患于未然。
而且，若采用这样的结构，则通过微粒过滤器5收集废气3中的微粒，同时在混合管10的输入侧端部，尿素水从喷射器11添加到废气3中而分解成氨和碳酸气，在选择还原型催化剂6上，废气3中的NOx被氨良好地还原净化，其结果，实现了废气3中的微粒与NOx的同时降低。
此时，由于从微粒过滤器5的输出侧端部排出的废气3通过联络流路9逆向折返后被导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂6的输入侧端部，所以确保了从喷射器11的尿素水添加位置到选择还原型催化剂6的距离较长，其结果，确保了从尿素水生成氨的充分反应时间。
而且，由于微粒过滤器5与选择还原型催化剂6是并列设置的，联络流路9是沿着该微粒过滤器5和选择还原型催化剂6之间配置的，所以其整体结构紧凑，向车辆上的搭载性也大幅度提高。
另外，作为与本发明相关的现有技术文献信息，例如存在下述专利文献1等。
专利文献1：特开2005-155404号公报
但是，在这样并列配置微粒过滤器5与选择还原型催化剂6并通过S字结构的联络流路9联结的结构中，由于在微粒过滤器5的强制再生时等在微粒过滤器5一侧与选择还原型催化剂6一侧热膨胀差增大，所以容易在微粒过滤器5一侧与选择还原型催化剂6一侧之间产生相对的热应变，应力集中在连接微粒过滤器5与选择还原型催化剂6的S字结构的联络流路9的联结部或弯曲部等上而导致破损。
因此，本发明的发明者们首创了在联络流路9中成为微粒过滤器5以及选择还原型催化剂6的轴心方向延伸的直线延伸部位的混合管10的中途形成在其轴心方向上扩缩自如的波纹部，由于通过这样的波纹部的形成在联络流路9的直线延伸部位的内周连续地形成有多个环状槽，在其上游的混合管10的输入端部一侧，从喷射器11添加的尿素水的雾沫容易与上述环状槽碰撞，在此处碰撞的尿素水有可能会以未分解成氨的状态而作为尿素的固态物析出。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述实情而提出的，其目的在于提供一种不会产生尿素的析出、能够可靠地吸收微粒过滤器一侧与选择还原型催化剂一侧的热膨胀差的排气净化装置。
本发明的排气净化装置是微粒过滤器以及在其下游一侧所具备的选择还原型催化剂以相互的输入侧端部彼此朝向相同的方向的方式并列地配置，即使在氧气共存的状态下，所述选择还原型催化剂也能够选择性地使NOx与氨反应，所述排气净化装置具备S字结构的联络流路，从微粒过滤器的输出侧端部排出的废气逆向折返而导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部，能够向该联络流路的上游添加尿素水，其特征在于，联络流路的微粒过滤器以及选择还原型催化剂的轴心方向延伸的直线延伸部位的中途作为使成为该直线延伸部位的上游侧管路以及下游侧管路中的某一个的内管、与成为另一个的外管插拔自如地重合的双重管部而构成，该双重管部的外管的终端固定安装在内管的外周上，并且在所述外管的适当位置形成有在轴心方向上扩缩自如的波纹部，在内管的终端外周外嵌安装有与外管的内周滑动自如地抵接而防止废气的侵入的密封环。
这样一来，即使在微粒过滤器的强制再生时等微粒过滤器一侧与选择还原型催化剂一侧的热膨胀差增大，由于该热膨胀差通过双重管部的波纹部的扩缩而被吸收，避免了微粒过滤器一侧与选择还原型催化剂一侧之间的相对的热应变的产生，所以，避免了应力向连接微粒过滤器一侧与选择还原型催化剂的联络流路的联结部或弯曲部等集中。
另一方面，虽然在形成有波纹部的外管的内侧连续地形成有成为上述波纹部19的翻转形状的多个环状槽，但由于这些环状槽被内管包覆而不置于废气的气流中，所以不会产生尿素水的雾沫向上述环状槽碰撞，从而防止了在此处碰撞的尿素水以未分解成氨的状态作为尿素的固化物析出的事态。
而且，由于在内管的终端外周外嵌安装有滑动自如地与外管的内周抵接而防止废气的侵入的密封环，所以消除了废气随着尿素水的雾沫进入内管与外管之间的间隙中的可能性，而且，由于通过该密封环，内管的终端保持成相对于外管的内周为同心状，所以即使波纹部扩缩，内管与外管的相对位移在轴心方向上被引导，阻止了上述波纹部处的弯曲位移。
根据上述本发明的排气净化装置，能够具有下述各种优良的效果。
(I)能够不产生尿素的析出地可靠吸收微粒过滤器一侧与选择还原型催化剂一侧的热膨胀差，防止起因于该热膨胀差的微粒过滤器一侧与选择还原型催化剂一侧之间的相对的热应变，避免应力向联络流路的联结部或弯曲部等集中。
(II)由于通过密封环能够防止废气向内管与外管之间的间隙侵入，所以能够将尿素水随着尿素水的雾沫在内管与外管之间析出的可能性防患于未然，而且，由于通过密封环能够将内管的终端保持成相对于外管的内周为同心状，所以即使波纹部扩缩，也能够在轴心方向上引导内管与外管的相对的位移，阻止波纹部处的弯曲位移，防止联络流路的直线延伸部位的强度降低。
附图说明
图1是表示现有例的示意图。
图2是从与图1的混合管的输入侧端部相对峙的朝向看到的剖视图。
图3是表示本发明的一实施例的剖视图。
附图标记说明：
3：废气
5：微粒过滤器
6：选择还原型催化剂
9：联络流路
10：混合管(直线延伸部位)
16：内管
17：外管
18：双重管部
19：波纹部
20：密封环
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对本发明的一实施例进行说明。
图3表示本发明的排气净化装置的一例。在本实施例中涉及与前述的图1以及图2的装置大致相同地构成的排气净化装置，联络流路9的混合管10(微粒过滤器5以及选择还原型催化剂6(参照图1)的轴心方向延伸的直线延伸部位)的中途作为使成为该混合管10的上游侧管路的内管16，和成为下游侧管路的外管17插拔自如地重合在一起的双重管部18构成的。
这样，该双重管部8上的外管17的终端固定安装在内管16的外周，同时在该外管17的适当位置形成有在轴心方向上扩缩自如的波纹部19，在内管16的终端外周外嵌有与外管17的内周滑动自如地抵接、防止废气3侵入的密封环20。
这样一来，即使在微粒过滤器5的强制再生时等微粒过滤器5一侧与选择还原型催化剂6一侧的热膨胀差增大，由于该热膨胀差能够通过双重管部18的波纹部19的扩缩被吸收，避免了在微粒过滤器5一侧与选择还原型催化剂6一侧之间的相对的热应变的产生，因而避免了应力向连接微粒过滤器5一侧与选择还原型催化剂6一侧的联络流路9的联结部或弯曲部等集中。
另一方面，虽然在形成有波纹部19的外管17的内侧连续地形成有成为上述波纹部19的翻转形状的多个环状槽，但由于这些环状槽被内管16包覆而不置于废气3的气流中，所以不会产生尿素水的雾沫向上述环状槽碰撞，从而防止了在此处碰撞的尿素水以未分解成氨的状态作为尿素的固化物析出的事态。
而且，由于在内管16的终端外周外嵌安装有滑动自如地与外管17的内周抵接而防止废气3的侵入的密封环20，所以消除了废气3随着尿素水的雾沫进入内管16与外管17之间的间隙中的可能性，而且，由于通过该密封环20，内管16的终端保持成相对于外管17的内周为同心状，所以即使波纹部19扩缩，内管16与外管17的相对位移在轴心方向上被引导，阻止了上述波纹部19处的弯曲位移。
因此，根据上述实施例，能够不产生尿素的析出地可靠吸收微粒过滤器5一侧与选择还原型催化剂6一侧的热膨胀差，防止起因于该热膨胀差的微粒过滤器5一侧与选择还原型催化剂6一侧之间的相对的热应变，避免应力向联络流路9的联结部或弯曲部等集中。
而且，由于通过密封环20能够防止废气3向内管16与外管17之间的间隙侵入，所以能够将尿素随着尿素水的雾沫而在内管16与外管17之间析出的可能性防患于未然，而且，由于通过密封环20能够将内管16的终端保持成相对于外管17的内周为同心状，所以即使波纹部9扩缩，内管16与外管17的相对的位移在轴心方向上被引导，能够阻止波纹部19处的弯曲位移，从而能够防止联络流路9的混合管10的强度降低。
本发明的排气净化装置并不仅限于上述实施例，用于向联络流路中途添加尿素水的结构也并不仅限于图示的例子，除此之外，能够在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内外加各种变更。

Claims (1)

1.一种排气净化装置，微粒过滤器以及在其下游一侧所具备的选择还原型催化剂以相互的输入侧端部彼此朝向相同的方向的方式并列地配置，即使在氧气共存的状态下，所述选择还原型催化剂也能够选择性地使NOx与氨反应，所述排气净化装置具备S字结构的联络流路，从微粒过滤器的输出侧端部排出的废气逆向折返而导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部，能够向该联络流路的上游添加尿素水，其特征在于，联络流路的微粒过滤器以及选择还原型催化剂的轴心方向延伸的直线延伸部位的中途作为使成为该直线延伸部位的上游侧管路以及下游侧管路中的某一个的内管、与成为另一个的外管插拔自如地重合的双重管部而构成，该双重管部的外管的终端固定安装在内管的外周上，并且在所述外管的适当位置形成有在轴心方向上扩缩自如的波纹部，在内管的终端外周外嵌安装有与外管的内周滑动自如地抵接而防止废气的侵入的密封环。
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EP2224108A4 (en) 2010-12-01
US20100257850A1 (en) 2010-10-14
US8353152B2 (en) 2013-01-15
CN101874152B (zh) 2012-12-19
EP2224108B1 (en) 2012-02-01
ATE543985T1 (de) 2012-02-15
EP2224108A1 (en) 2010-09-01
WO2009066458A1 (ja) 2009-05-28
JP5017065B2 (ja) 2012-09-05
JP2009127463A (ja) 2009-06-11

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