CN101835596A - 复合成型品及其制造方法 - Google Patents

复合成型品及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101835596A
CN101835596A CN200880106376A CN200880106376A CN101835596A CN 101835596 A CN101835596 A CN 101835596A CN 200880106376 A CN200880106376 A CN 200880106376A CN 200880106376 A CN200880106376 A CN 200880106376A CN 101835596 A CN101835596 A CN 101835596A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
resin
molded article
composite molded
top layer
layer base
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Application number
CN200880106376A
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English (en)
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CN101835596B (zh
Inventor
冈野保高
长岛泰宪
手计仁志
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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Publication of CN101835596A publication Critical patent/CN101835596A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种复合成型品,所述复合成型品由板状构件和树脂构件构成,具有该板状构件与该树脂构件在互相对置的侧端面以凹凸形状接合的凹凸形状接合面,所述板状构件是将位于上面侧和下面侧的表层基材和位于它们之间的芯层基材进行一体化而得到的,其中,连续的、连接上述各表层基材描绘出的凹凸形状中的相邻凸部的顶部的直线线段形成凸部通过线,相对于每1mm长度的上述凸部通过线,沿着该凹凸形状中的凹凸而形成的实际接合线的长度为1.05mm以上。

Description

复合成型品及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合成型品及其制造方法。本发明的复合成型品由板状构件和树脂构件构成,该板状构件与该树脂构件在互相对置的侧端面接合一体化。本发明的复合成型品优选用作要求轻质、高强度、高刚度且薄壁的、便携式个人电脑、移动电话等可移动型电气·电子设备的部件形成材料。本发明的复合成型品特别优选用作上述设备的壳体的形成材料。
背景技术
个人电脑、电话等电气·电子设备的可移动化正在发展中。构成上述设备的部件要求为小型轻质或者薄壁,并且具有高强度、高刚度等机械特性。特别是对于上述设备的壳体来说,当从外部施加负荷时,必须能避免下述情况发生,即壳体的至少一部分弯曲,与内部部件接触,破损内部部件或者破坏壳体本身。
特开2006-044259号公报(专利文献1)中公开了一种形成壳体的成型品。该成型品是一种如下形成的一体化成型品,即,将由单向排列的多根连续的增强纤维和热固性树脂形成的层合构件(板状构件)用作壳体的顶板,壳体的侧框由含有增强纤维的热塑性树脂(树脂构件)形成,该顶板通过热塑性树脂组合物(粘合剂)与壳体侧框的上面粘合一体化,形成一体化成型品。上述一体化成型品的优点在于顶板与侧框之间充分粘合。但是,由于顶板与侧框之间的接合部位于侧框的上面,即,顶板与侧框上下重叠而形成接合部,所以该接合部处的顶板的厚度成为妨碍壳体薄壁化的主要原因。
特开2007-038519号公报(专利文献2)中公开了一种形成壳体的复合成型品。该复合成型品由板状构件和树脂构件构成,该板状构件与该树脂构件在相互对置侧的端面经接合一体化。该板状构件具有由上层、下层及位于该上层与下层之间的芯层构成的三层结构。即,上述复合成型品具有芯层被夹在上层与下层之间的夹心结构。芯层由软质构件(例如发泡材料)形成,上层及下层由硬质构件(例如含有增强纤维的树脂)形成。上述复合成型品如下制造,即,向上述板状构件的侧端面,将形成上述树脂构件的树脂进行注射成型(injection-molding)。通过上述注射成型,被注射的树脂的一部分以凸状从上述芯层的侧端面侵入芯层内入。通过以凸状侵入芯层内的树脂,上述板状构件与上述树脂构件之间接合。
在上述复合成型品中,存在下述优点,即,由于不存在板状构件与树脂构件上下重叠的接合部,二者的接合部位于二者的侧端面,所以可以实现壳体的薄壁化。但是,注射成型时的树脂的流动性低的情况下、或无法实现高注射压力的情况下等,树脂构件不能充分地以凸状侵入芯层内,难以得到板状构件与树脂构件之间的充分的接合强度。另外,在上述公知的壳体中,由于板状构件的侧端面与树脂构件的侧端面之间的接合线为直线,在接合部应力易于集中,因此难以得到充分的接合强度。
如上所述,人们依然期望提供一种能够既实现壳体薄壁化又能获得形成壳体的构件之间的充分的接合强度的技术。
专利文献1:特开2006-044259号公报
专利文献2:特开2007-038519号公报
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的问题点,本发明的课题在于提供一种可以轻质、高强度、高刚度、且能实现薄壁化的复合成型品。进而,提供一种板状构件与树脂构件之间的接合强度优异的复合成型品。另外,提供一种上述复合成型品的制造方法。
本发明的复合成型品如下所述。
一种复合成型品,所述复合成型品由板状构件和树脂构件构成,具有上述板状构件与上述树脂构件在互相对置的侧端面接合的接合面,上述板状构件由位于上面侧与下面侧的表层基材和位于该两表层基材之间的芯层基材构成,上述各表层基材由纤维增强树脂形成,上述芯层基材由比形成上述各表层基材的上述纤维增强树脂更软质的软质材料形成,其中,上述接合面中的至少一部分的接合面,是上述各表层基材的侧端面与上述树脂构件的侧端面以具有凹凸形状的方式接合而形成的凹凸形状接合面,连接所述各表层基材描绘出的凹凸形状中的相邻凸部的顶部的直线线段形成凸部通过线,所述凸部通过线由连续的直接线段形成,相对于每1mm长度的上述凸部通过线,沿着该凹凸形状中的凹凸形成的实际接合线的长度为1.05mm以上,并且,在上述凹凸形状接合面处,上述树脂构件具有嵌入上述两表层基材之间的树脂构件嵌入前端部。
在本发明的复合成型品中,优选至少上述凹凸形状接合面中的上述树脂构件的侧端面,除上述树脂构件嵌入前端部之外以平面形成。
在本发明的复合成型品中,优选至少在上述凹凸形状接合面处,上述板状构件的厚度与上述树脂构件的厚度实质上相同。
在本发明的复合成型品中,优选上述板状构件的厚度为0.7至1.5mm。
在本发明的复合成型品中,在上述凹凸形状接合面处,优选每100mm长度的上述凸部通过线,上述各表层基材描绘出的凹凸形状中的凸部的数量为1至100。
在本发明的复合成型品中,在上述凹凸形状接合面处,以上述各表层基材描绘出的凹凸形状中的凹部Pn的从上述凸部通过线到凹部谷底为止的距离为凹部深度Ln,在该凹部Pn的形状中以上述凸部通过线形成的凹部开口边的两端间的距离为凹部开口宽度Fn,则优选上述凹部深度Ln为上述凹部开口宽度Fn的0.1至10倍。
在本发明的复合成型品中,上述凹部Pn可以在凹部形状轮廓线的一部分中包含具有圆形的线段。
在本发明的复合成型品中,上述凹部Pn可以具有比上述凹部开口宽度Fn更宽的部分。
在本发明的复合成型品中,上述凹部Pn的形状实质上可以为多边形。
在本发明的复合成型品中,优选形成上述各表层基材的上述纤维增强树脂中的增强纤维为碳纤维。
在本发明的复合成型品中,优选形成上述各表层基材的上述纤维增强树脂中的基质树脂为含有热固性树脂的树脂。
在本发明的复合成型品中,优选形成上述芯层基材的上述软质材料为选自发泡材料、蜂窝材料、纤维片材、树脂片材中的至少一种材料。
在本发明的复合成型品中,优选上述树脂构件由纤维增强树脂形成。
在本发明的复合成型品中,优选形成上述树脂构件的纤维增强树脂中的增强纤维为玻璃纤维或碳纤维。
本发明的复合成型品的制造方法如下所述。
本发明的复合成型品的制造方法包括下述工序:
(a)准备板状构件的工序:在板状体的一侧端面设置多列从该端面朝向内部的沟,在该端面形成凹凸形状的板状构件,所述板状体由位于上面侧与下面侧的由纤维增强树脂形成的表层基材、和位于该两表层基材之间的由比上述纤维增强树脂更软质的材料形成的芯层基材构成;
(b)容纳工序:将准备好的板状构件容纳于注射成型机的模中的工序;及
(c)注射成型的工序:在将上述板状构件容纳于上述模内的上述注射成型机中,至少对上述板状构件的具有凹凸形状的上述端面注射树脂,进行注射成型,使该树脂与上述板状构件的具有凹凸形状的上述端面接合,同时将该树脂嵌入所述两表层基材之间。
在本发明的复合成型品的制造方法中,在上述注射成型的工序中注射上述树脂,优选使成型后的上述板状构件与树脂构件的厚度在上述板状构件和与其接合的树脂的至少具有上述凹凸形状的接合部处实质上相同。
本发明的复合成型品,由于形成其的板状构件与树脂构件在它们的接合面中的至少一部分接合面上以具有凹凸形状的方式接合,所以可以实现其薄壁化、轻质化、高刚度化、高强度化。上述复合成型品可以优选用作便携式个人电脑、移动电话等可移动化的电气·电子设备的壳体的形成构件。
附图说明
[图1]为本发明的复合成型品的实施方式之一的截面斜视图。
[图2]为图1所示复合成型品中的板状构件的截面斜视图。
[图3]为用于形成图1所示复合成型品中的板状构件的板状部基材之一例的分解斜视图。
[图4]为现有复合成型品之一例的截面斜视图。
[图5]为现有复合成型品的另一例的截面斜视图。
[图6]为本发明的复合成型品中的凹凸形状接合面之一例的平面图。
[图7]为本发明的复合成型品中的凹凸形状接合面的另一例的平面图。
[图8]为本发明的复合成型品中的凹凸形状接合面的进而另一例的平面图。
[图9]为本发明的复合成型品中的凹凸形状接合面的进而另一例的平面图。
[图10]为并列表示本发明的复合成型品中的凹凸形状接合面中的凹部形状的7个例子的平面图。
符号说明
10:本发明的复合成型品
10E:左侧边缘
10E2:右侧边缘
10E3:上侧边缘
11:板状构件
11SF:板状构件的侧端面
11A:板状构件的原料基材
11Aa、11Ab、11Ba、11Bb:连续增强纤维片材
12:树脂构件
12SF:树脂构件的侧端面
13JF、13JF2、13JF3:接合端面
13JL、13JL2、13JL3:接合线
13PL:凸部通过线
15a、15b:表层基材
15aA:上面侧的表层基材
15bA:下面侧的表层基材
16:芯层基材
16A:芯层基材
18:树脂构件的前端部
19:树脂构件的立壁
31Aa、31Ab、31Ba、31Bb:连续增强纤维
40:现有复合成型品
50:现有复合成型品
101:板状构件
101SF:板状构件的侧端面
101T:板状构件的厚度
102:树脂构件
102SF:树脂构件的侧端面
102T:树脂构件的厚度
103JF:接合面
103JL:接合线
104SE1:复合成型品的一侧边
105a、105b:表层基材
106:芯层基材
107:接合突起
108:树脂构件的前端部
Fn:凹部开口宽度
JL:接合线
Ln:凹部深度
PAn:表层基材的凸部
PL:凸部通过线
Pn:表层基材的凹部
具体实施方式
以下,一边参照附图一边对现有复合成型品的实施方式和本发明的复合成型品的实施方式进行说明。
图4和图5为分别不同实施方式的现有复合成型品的截面斜视图。上述实施方式由于非常相似,所以对于相同的单元,在图4和图5中使用相同的符号。
在图4及图5中,复合成型品40、50由板状构件101和树脂构件102构成。板状构件101和树脂构件102在互相对置的板状构件101的侧端面101SF和树脂构件102的侧端102SF互相接合,形成接合面103JF。上述接合面103JF在复合成型品40、50的表面以接合线103JL表示。接合线103JL为直线。通常该直线的方向与复合成型品40、50的一侧边104SE1的方向平行。因此,表示接合线103JL上的长度时,有时使用所谓平行方向长度的用语。
板状构件101由位于上面侧和下面侧的表层基材105a、105b、和位于上述表层基材105a、105b之间的芯层基材106构成。各表层基材105a、105b由纤维增强树脂形成。上述纤维增强树脂由单向多根排列的连续增强纤维和基质树脂构成。芯层基材106由比形成各表层基材105a、105b的纤维增强树脂更软质的软质材料形成。作为上述软质材料,可以使用发泡材料。利用由软质材料形成芯层基材106,在向板状构件101将形成树脂构件102的树脂进行注射成型的过程中,可以使形成树脂构件102的树脂压缩芯层基材106、嵌入两表层基材105a、105b之间。
在图4的复合成型品40中,在接合面103JF处,树脂构件102的侧端面102SF不嵌入两表层基材105a、105b之间。结果,为了加强接合面103JF上的板状构件101与树脂构件102的接合强度,在接合面103JF的部位,在树脂构件102的侧端面102SF处设置从下侧支撑板状构件101的接合突起107。因此,在复合成型品40中,树脂构件102的厚度102T变得比板状构件101的厚度101T更厚。结果,一般认为复合成型品40在其轻质化方面存在缺陷。
在图5的复合成型品50中,在接合面103JF处,树脂构件102的侧端面102SF嵌入两表层基材105a、105b之间。通过上述树脂构件102的嵌入,树脂构件102的前端部108位于芯层基材106向嵌入方向后退的部位。即,树脂构件102的前端部108位于两表层基材105a、105b之间的位置。结果,能够确保接合面103JF处的板状构件101与树脂构件102之间一定程度的接合强度。但是,在复合成型品50中,由于接合线103JL不是直线,所以树脂构件101向板状构件102内的嵌入仅发生在芯层基材106中,无法期待进一步提高板状构件101与树脂构件102的接合强度。
本发明的复合成型品的目的之一在于消除图5所示的现有复合成型品50的问题点。一边参照图1及图2,一边说明本发明的复合成型品的实施方式之一。
图1为本发明的复合成型品的实施方式之一的截面斜视图。图2为图1的复合成型品中使用的板状构件的截面斜视图。
在图1中,本发明的复合成型品10由板状构件11和树脂构件12构成。板状构件11与树脂构件12在互相对置的板状构件11的侧端面11SF与树脂构件12的侧端面12SF处以具有凹凸形状的方式互相接合,形成作为凹凸形状接合面的接合面13JF。接合面13JF在复合成型品10的表面以接合线13JL的形式呈现。由于接合面13JF为凹凸形状,所以接合线13JL为具有凹凸形状的曲线。
板状构件11由位于上面侧的表层基材15a、位于下面侧的表层基材15b和位于上述表层基材15a、15b之间的芯层基材16构成。各表层基材15a、15b由纤维增强树脂形成。芯层基材16由比形成各表层基材15a、15b的纤维增强树脂更软质的软质材料形成。利用由软质材料形成芯层基材16,在向板状构件11中将形成树脂构件12的树脂进行注射成型的过程中,可以使形成树脂构件12的树脂压缩芯层基材16,嵌入两表层基材15a、15b之间。即,使树脂构件12的前端部18位于板状构件11的两表层基材15a、15b之间。
复合成型品10在板状构件11与树脂构件12之间除上述接合面13JF之外,还具有接合面13JF2、13JF3及13JF4。但是,由于图1为截面图,所以图1中未示出接合面13JF4。在复合成型品10的表面,各接合面除表示为上述接合线13JL之外,还表示为接合线13JL2、13JL3及13JL4。但是,由于图1为截面图,所以图1中未示出接合线13JL4。在图1中,复合成型品10具有左侧边缘10E、右侧边缘10E2、上侧边缘10E3及下侧边缘10E4。但是,由于图1为截面图,所以图1中未示出下侧边缘10E4。
左侧边缘10E的方向与右左侧边缘10E2的方向互相平行,另外,上侧边缘10E3的方向与下侧边缘10E4的方向互相平行。接合线13JL2的方向与右侧边缘10E2的方向平行,接合线13JL3的方向与上侧边缘10E3的方向平行,接合线13JL4的方向与下侧边缘10E4的方向平行。具有凹凸形状的接合线13JL以描绘出凹凸形状的方式进展,其进展方向与左侧边缘10E的方向平行。因此,表示各接合线上的长度时,有时使用所谓平行方向长度的用语。
在复合成型品10中,沿着具有凹凸形状的接合面(凹凸形状接合面)13JF的凹凸形状中的凹凸而形成实际接合线的长度JL、即接合线13JL的长度,连接各表层基材15a、15b描绘出的凹凸形状中的相邻凸部的预部的直线线段形成凸部通过线13PL,凸部通过线13PL由上述连续的直线线段形成,上述接合线13JL的长度相对于每1mm长度的凸部通过线13PL为1.05mm以上。此值表示凹凸的程度。
通常凸部通过线13PL为直线。另外,凸部通过线13PL为直线时,凸部通过线13PL的方向通常与左边缘10E的方向相同。即,凸部通过线13PL为与左边缘10E平行的直线。由于图4所示的复合成型品40或图5所示的复合成型品50中的接合线103JL不是凹凸形状的曲线,而是直线,所以实际接合线的长度与接合线103JL的长度一致。
复合成型品10由于其接合面13JF具有上述凹凸形状,所以与接合面为平坦面的图4或图5所示的复合成型品40或50相比,接合面的接合强度进一步提高。在复合成型品10中,对于其他接合面13JF2、13JF3、13JF4,也可以根据需要,与接合面13JF的情况同样地使接合面的形状为凹凸形状。
也可以调节芯层基材16的大小使由软质材料形成的芯层基材16的侧端面的位置与各表层基材15a、15b的侧端面的位置相比稍稍靠近内侧。由此,可以根据芯层基材16的软质程度、注射压力的程度或者形成树脂构件12的树脂的种类,调节树脂构件12的前端部18的大小。
图3为用于制作图1的复合成型品10中的板状构件11的原料基材的分解斜视图。在图3中,原料基材11A由下述部分构成:由为软质材料的发泡材料形成的芯层基材16A;配置于芯层基材16A上面的单向多根排列的连续增强纤维片材11Aa;配置于芯层基材16A下面的单向多根排列的连续增强纤维片材11Ab;以及,配置于连续增强纤维片材11Aa上面的单向多根排列的连续增强纤维片材11Ba;配置于连续增强纤维片材11Ab下面的单向多根排列的连续增强纤维片材11Bb。
使连续增强纤维片材11Aa中的连续增强纤维31Aa的排列方向与连续增强纤维片材11Ba中的连续增强纤维31Ba的排列方向为相互垂直的方向。由上述连续增强纤维片材形成上面侧的表层基材15aA。另外,使连续增强纤维片材11Ab中的连续增强纤维31Ab的排列方向与连续增强纤维片材11Bb中的连续增强纤维31Bb的排列方向为互相垂直的方向。由上述连续增强纤维片材形成下面侧的表层基材15bA。
对于将两表层基材15aA、15bA与芯层基材16A粘合的方法,没有特别限定,但优选使用例如将粘合性的无纺布或薄膜夹在两表层基材15aA、15bA与芯层基材16A之间,进行压模的方法。除此之外,例如还有在两表层基材15aA、15bA与芯层基材16A之间涂布粘合剂的方法。
对于利用板状构件的原料基材11A制造板状构件11的方法,没有特别限定,例如可以采用使用热固性树脂的压模法(press moldingmethod)、手糊成型法(hand lay up molding method)、喷附成型法、真空袋成型法、加压成型法、热压罐成型法(autoclave molding method)、传递成型法。另外,例如可以采用使用热塑性树脂的压模法、冲压成型法(stamping method)。从操作性、力学特性的观点考虑,特别优选使用真空袋成型法、压模法、传递成型法。
对于将树脂构件12与板状构件11接合的方法,没有特别限定,但优选使用下述方法:将板状构件11置于注射成型机的模中,闭模后,将形成树脂构件12的树脂进行注射成型。除此之外,例如还有预先分别制作板状构件11和树脂构件12,用粘合剂将它们接合的方法。
在复合成型品10中,连接各表层基材15a、15b描绘出的凹凸形状中的相邻凸部的顶部的直线线段形成凸部通过线13PL,所述凸部通过线13PL由连续的直线线段形成,相对于每1mm长度的上述凸部通过线13PL,接合线13JL的长度为1.05mm以上。在接合面13JF处,如果相对于每1mm长度的凸部通过线13PL,接合线13JL的长度为1.05mm以上,则与接合线13JL的长度小于1.05mm的情况相比,在对接合面13JF施加负荷时,由于负荷被分散,所以接合强度进一步提高。
相对于每1mm长度的凸部通过线13PL,接合线13JL的长度优选为1.10mm以上、较优选为1.15mm以上。需要说明的是,接合线13JL的长度长的情况下,显示出接合强度提高的倾向,但即使长度达到必要长度以上,接合强度的提高达到最大限度的同时,也难以进行板状构件或各表层基材的加工。考虑上述方面,相对于每1mm长度的凸部通过线13PL,接合线13JL的长度优选为5mm以下,较优选为4mm以下。
板状构件或各表层基材的侧端面11SF所具有的凹凸形状的制作方法,没有特别限定,即使为复杂的凹凸形状,也可以通过使用立铣刀、铣刀等进行NC加工来制作。
在接合面13JF处,每100mm长度的凸部通过线13PL中,优选各表层基材15a、15b描绘出的凹凸形状中的凸部PAn的数量为1至100。此时,以相邻凸部之间的凹部Pn从凸部通过线13PL到凹部谷底为止的距离为凹部深度Ln,则凹部深度Ln较优选为0.5至100mm。
较优选每100mm长度的凸部通过线13PL中凸部PAn的数量为3至80。此时,凹部深度Ln较优选为1至80mm。
更优选每100mm长度的凸部通过线13PL中凸部PAn的数量为5至60。此时,凹部深度Ln较优选为2至60mm。
如果每100mm长度的凸部通过线13PL中凸部PAn的数量小于1、且凹部深度Ln小于0.5mm,则接合长度短,对接合面13JF施加负荷时,负荷不被分散,因此接合强度变得不充分。另外,如果每100mm长度的凸部通过线13PL中凸部PAn的数量超过100、且凹部深度Ln超过100mm,则难以进行板状构件11或表层基材15a、15b的加工,加工时间增长、加工成本增加。
图6至图9为设置在表层基材侧端面的具有分别不同凹凸形状的凹凸形状接合面例子的平面图。在图6至图9中,符号JL表示树脂构件接合时的接合线。符号PAn和符号PAn+1表示相邻的凸部。符号Pn表示相邻凸部PAn、PAn+1之间的凹部。符号PL表示由连续的、连接相邻凸部PAn、PAn+1的顶部的直线线段形成的凸部通过线。符号Ln表示凹部Pn从凸部通过线PL到凹部谷底为止的距离,即,凹部深度。符号Fn表示凹部Pn的形状中由凸部通过线PL形成的凹部开口边的两端之间距离,即,凹部开口宽度。
凹部深度Ln优选为凹部开口宽度Fn的0.1至10倍、较优选为0.5至8倍,更优选为1至5倍。如果凹部深度Ln小于凹部开口宽度Fn的0.1倍,则特别是从与接合面平行的方向对接合面施加负荷时,负荷难以被分散,因此接合强度变得不充分。需要说明的是,凹部深度Ln与凹部开口宽度Fn的上述倍率关系的前提是,对于凸部的总数N(n=1,2,3,...N),其中至少90%以上满足上述倍率关系。
凹部Pn优选在凹部形状的轮廓线的一部分中包含具有圆形的线段。通过使凹部Pn包含具有圆形的线段,除可以加长实际的接合线JL的长度之外,还可以防止在存在锐利部分时易于产生的应力集中。
凹部Pn也可以具有比凹部开口宽度Fn更宽的部分。为图9的凹部Pn的情况下,凹部Pn右侧的接合线JL与左侧的接合线JL随着向凹部Pn的谷底方向延伸,两者的间隔扩大。即,图9的凹部Pn具有比凹部开口宽度Fn更宽的部分。通过使凹部Pn具有比凹部开口宽度Fn更宽的部分,对接合面JF在其垂直方向上施加拉伸力时,能够增加锚定效果。
具有比凹部开口宽度Fn更较宽的部分的凹部Pn的其他7个例子的平面图,如图10(a)至(g)所示。图10(a)的凹部Pn的形状为液滴形。图10(b)的凹部Pn的形状为音符形。图10(c)的凹部Pn的形状为钟摆形。图10(d)的凹部Pn的形状为燕尾槽形或T字形。图10(e)的凹部Pn的形状为钥匙形或L字形。图10(f)的凹部Pn的形状为尾巴形或J字形。图10(g)的凹部Pn的形状是以菱形或风筝形为代表的多边形。
板状构件11的表层基材15a、15b由纤维增强树脂形成,作为用于其的树脂、即、基质树脂,包括热塑性树脂或热固性树脂。
作为热塑性树脂,例如可以举出聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚丁烯等聚烯烃;聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物(AS)等苯乙烯类树脂;聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、液晶聚酯等聚酯;聚甲醛(POM)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚苯硫(PPS)、聚苯醚(PPE)、改性PPE、热塑性聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚酰胺一酰亚胺(PAI)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚砜(PSU)、改性PSU、聚醚砜(PES)、聚酮(PK)、聚醚酮(PEK)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)、多芳基化合物(PAR)、聚醚腈(PEN)、热塑性酚类树脂、苯氧基树脂;聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)等氟类树脂,以及,聚苯乙烯类、聚烯烃类、聚氨酯类、聚酯类、聚酰胺类、聚丁二烯类、聚异戊二烯类、氟类等热塑性弹性体等;它们的共聚物、改性体及两种以上的掺合物、聚合物合金(polymer alloy)等。
作为热固性树脂,例如可以举出不饱和聚酯、乙烯基酯、环氧、酚(可熔酚醛树脂型)、尿素·三聚氰胺、聚酰亚胺等;它们的共聚物、改性体及它们的至少两种聚合物合金。
基质树脂优选刚度、强度优异的热固性树脂,从成型品的力学特性的观点考虑,较优选以环氧树脂为主要成分的热固性树脂。为了进一步提高耐冲击性,也可以在热固性树脂中添加热塑性树脂及/或其他弹性体,或橡胶成分。
作为增强纤维,例如可以使用铝纤维、黄铜纤维、不锈钢纤维等金属纤维;聚丙烯腈类、人造丝类、木质素类、沥青类等碳纤维;石墨纤维、玻璃纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维等无机纤维;芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维、聚苯硫纤维、聚酯纤维、丙烯酸纤维、尼龙纤维、聚乙烯纤维等有机纤维等。上述增强纤维可以单独进行使用,或者也可以合并使用两种以上。
从比强度、比刚度、轻质性的平衡的观点考虑,增强纤维较优选为碳纤维;从比强度、比弹性模量优异的方面考虑,优选至少含有聚丙烯腈类碳纤维。
各表层基材15a、15b的增强纤维可以是由含有增强纤维的多层构成的增强纤维片材。从能够得到更高强度、更高刚度的方面考虑,增强纤维优选为连续增强纤维。含有连续增强纤维的增强纤维片材中的连续增强纤维的长度可以为10mm以上。但是,没有必要在增强纤维片材的整体上均连续,也可以在中途断开。作为连续强化纤维的形态,可以举出布、单向排列的片材、编织物。从操作方面的观点考虑,优选使用布、单向排列的片材。上述形态可以单独进行使用,也可以合并使用两种以上的形态。其中,将复丝单向排列的片材可以更有效地得到强度、刚度,故优选。
使用含有增强纤维的片材作为表层基材时,从成型性、力学特性的观点考虑,增强纤维的比例优选为20至90体积%、较优选为30至80体积%。需要说明的是,在基质为树脂时,体积%采用JIS K7075-1991(碳纤维增强塑料的纤维含有率及空洞率试验方法)中记载的方法进行测定。
作为树脂构件12中使用的树脂,没有特别限定,但从利用注射成型等制作接合形状的观点考虑,优选使用热塑性树脂。
作为树脂构件的形成中使用的热塑性树脂,可以使用板状构件的形成中使用的上述热塑性树脂。其中,特别是从耐热性、耐药品性的观点考虑,较优选使用聚苯硫(PPS);从成型品外观、尺寸稳定性的观点考虑,较优选使用聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚苯醚(PPE)、苯乙烯类树脂;从成型品的强度、耐冲击性的观点考虑,较优选使用聚酰胺(PA)。
为了实现复合成型品的高强度化、高刚度化,作为树脂构件12的树脂也优选使用含有增强纤维的树脂。作为增强纤维,可以举出上述增强纤维。树脂构件12需要电波透过性时,作为增强纤维也优选使用非导电性的玻璃纤维。
作为形成板状构件11中的芯层基材16的软质材料,例如包括发泡材料、蜂窝材料等有孔材料、纤维片材、树脂片材。如果使用发泡材料及/或蜂窝材料,则可以得到更轻质的板状构件11。
作为软质材料的材质,没有特别限定,软质材料为热塑性树脂时,可以使用板状构件的形成中使用的上述热塑性树脂。其中,特别是从轻质化的观点考虑,优选使用聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)等聚烯烃类树脂;从与各表层基材15a、15b及树脂构件12的粘合性的观点考虑,优选使用聚酰胺类树脂、聚酯类树脂、聚乙烯醇类树脂、改性聚烯烃、它们的共聚物及它们的聚合物合金等。
期望使芯层基材16具有一定程度的刚度时,软质材料也可以含有玻璃纤维和碳纤维等增强纤维。
作为各表层基材15a、15b与芯层基材16的粘合方法,没有特别限定,可以在表层基材与芯层基材之间配置粘合性的无纺布、薄膜等使之粘合,或者也可以在一方或双方的基材上涂布粘合剂使之粘合。
作为本发明的复合成型品的用途,例如包括个人电脑、显示器、OA设备、移动电话、便携式信息终端、传真机、压缩盘播放器(compact discplayers)、便携式MD播放机、携带用收录机、PDA(电子笔记本等便携式信息终端)、数码摄像机、数码相机、光学设备、音频设备、空调、照明设备、娱乐用品、玩具用品、其他家电产品等电气·电子设备的壳体的构成材料。另外,包括托盘、底盘或壳体的构成材料。进而,还包括各种装置部件的构成材料。另外,还包括汽车和航空器的电气设备构件和内部装饰部件的构成材料。
本发明的复合成型品发挥其优异的轻质性、高强度、高刚度、薄壁性,特别适合用作电气·电子设备用壳体的构成材料。并且适合作用需要薄壁且宽幅的显示器的笔记本型个人电脑和便携式信息终端等的壳体的构成材料。
本发明的复合成型品根据其用途,优选具有阻燃性。在基于UL-94标准的垂直燃烧试验中板状构件11及树脂构件12的阻燃性,优选在为0.1至3.0mm中的任一厚度的试验片时为V-1或V-0。较优选在为0.1至1.0mm中的任一厚度的试验片时为V-1或V-0。
优选板状构件11及树脂构件12中的任一者或两者含有阻燃剂。作为阻燃剂,例如包括卤素化合物、锑化合物、磷化合物、氮化合物、有机硅类化合物、氟化合物、苯酚化合物或金属氢氧化物。其中,从抑制环境负荷的观点考虑,优选磷类阻燃剂。作为磷类阻燃剂,例如包括磷酸酯、缩合磷酸酯、磷杂菲类化合物等含磷化合物和红磷。其中,由于红磷中发挥赋予阻燃剂的作用的磷原子含有率大,所以为了得到充分的阻燃效果而应加入的阻燃剂的添加量为少量即可。
进而,根据所要求的特性,在不妨碍本发明的目的的范围内,也可以在板状构件11及树脂构件12中使用的树脂中含有其他填充材料和添加剂。作为填充材料和添加剂,例如包括无机填充材料、导电性赋予剂、成核剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧化剂、阻尼剂、抗菌剂、防虫剂、除臭剂、着色防止剂、热稳定剂、脱模剂、防带电剂、亲水性赋予剂、增塑剂、润滑剂、着色剂、颜料、染料、起泡剂、消泡剂、偶联剂。
以下说明本发明的具体的实施例。
实施例中的特性评价方法:
(1)拉伸断裂负荷(tensile cracking load)
采用下述试验装置、试验片、试验条件来进行试验。
·试验装置名称:精密万能试验机(岛津制作所制:Autograph)
·试验片:从板状构件11与树脂构件12的接合部中切出宽度为40mm×长度为50mm的试验片。
·夹头间距离:30mm
·十字头速度:1.6mm/min。
(2)接合部弯曲
从树脂构件12中的立壁19(参照图1)向与板状构件11的接合部,以直角放置L型不锈钢制尺,在该不锈钢制尺与接合部的表面之间插入间隙测量计,测定有无间隙及其大小、即、接合部的弯曲,将各样品的弯曲最大处的数值作为接合部弯曲值。
(3)相对于每1mm凸部通过线的实际接合线的长度
通过用尺进行的测定及计算,求出利用注射成型成型得到的复合成型品10的凹凸形状接合面中的凹凸重复单位的长度。凹凸形状的轮廓线的一部分中存在具有圆形的线段时,测定其圆形的半径或直径,利用由上述值求出圆周的公式,计算实际接合线的长度。各凹凸重复单位中的接合线的总长度除以由直线形成的凸部通过线的长度、即平行方向的长度,得到相对于每1mm凸部通过线长度、即每1mm平行方向长度的实际接合线的长度。
(4)每100mm长度的凸部通过线中的凸部的数量
通过用尺进行的测定及计算,求出利用注射成型成型得到的复合成型品10的凹凸形状接合面中的凹凸重复单位的长度。凹凸形状的轮廓线的一部分中存在具有圆形的线段时,测定其圆形的半径或直径,利用由上述值求出圆周的公式,计算实际接合线的长度。由于每个凹凸重复单位中存在一个凸部,所以用尺测定上述每个重复单位中凸部通过线的长度,100mm除以每重复单元中凸部通过线的长度,得到每100mm凸部通过线长度中凸部的数量。
(5)凹部深度Ln
用尺测定利用注射成型成型得到的复合成型品10凹部的深度。
(6)凹部开口宽度Fn
用尺测定利用注射成型成型得到的复合成型品10凹部的开口宽度。
(7)Ln/Fn的值
根据上述(5)和(6)的测定值通过计算求出。
实施例1
制作两片层合体用作板状构件11的表层基材,所述层合体通过将2层碳纤维单向预浸料片材(UD PP)P3052S-12(东丽(株)制、碳纤维T700S(强度为4900MPa、弹性模量为230GPa、碳纤维重量含有率为67重量%、基体树脂:环氧树脂)以其纤维排列方向相垂直的方式层合而形成,其中一片层合体作为上面侧的表层基材15a,另一片层合体作为下面侧的表层基材15b。准备发泡材料(古河电气工业(株)制EFSEL(该公司的注册商标)的产品编号为RC2010)(两倍发泡的聚丙烯)作为芯层基材16。
在准备好的芯层基材16的上下面配置粘合性聚烯烃无纺布(日本Vilene(株)制、熔点为150℃、单位面积重量为15g/m2),进而,在其上下面配置制作好的表层基材15a、15b,之后,对其进行压模(模温度为160℃、压力为6MPa、预热时间为5分钟、固化时间为30分钟),得到板状体。将所得板状体加工成300mm×230mm大小后,通过NC加工,在所得板状体的一侧端部形成表1的实施例1及图6所示的凹凸形状接合面,制作板状构件11。
将板状构件11放置到注射成型模内,闭膜后,将作为形成树脂构件12的树脂的共聚聚酰胺纤维增强树脂CM3511-G60(东丽(株)制、玻璃纤维含有量为60重量%)进行注射成型,制造如图1所示的复合成型品10,所述复合成型品中,具有立壁19的树脂构件12的与立壁19相对侧的一侧端进入板状构件11的凹凸形状内,具有凹凸形状接合面13JF地与板状构件11接合。在复合成形品10中,从立壁19到凹凸形状接合面13JF为止的树脂构件12的厚度为1.5mm,树构件12沿着左侧缘10E的宽度为30mm。
实施例2
除了通过NC加工在实施例1的板状体中形成表1的实施例2及图7所示的凹凸形状接合面之外,采用与实施例1同样的方法制作复合成型品。
实施例3
除了通过NC加工在实施例1的板状体中形成表1的实施例3及图7所示的凹凸形状接合面之外,采用与实施例1同样的方法制作复合成型品。
实施例4
除了通过NC加工在实施例1的板状体中形成表2的实施例4及图8所示的凹凸形状接合面之外,采用与实施例1同样的方法制作复合成型品。
实施例5
除了通过NC加工在实施例1的板状体中形成表2的实施例5及图9所示的凹凸形状接合面之外,采用与实施例1同样的方法制作复合成型品。
比较例1
除了通过NC加工在实施例1的板状体中形成由表3的比较例1所示的直线形成的接合面之外,采用与实施例1同样的方法制作图5所示的复合成型品50。
比较例2
制作两片层合体用作板状构件101(参照图4)的表层基材,所述层合体通过将2层碳纤维单向预浸料片材(UD PP)P3052S-12(东丽(株)制、碳纤维T700S(强度为4900MPa、弹性模量为230GPa、碳纤维重量含有率为67重量%、基体树脂:环氧树脂)以纤维排列方向相垂直的方式层合而形成,其中一片层合体作为上面侧的表层基材105a,另一片层合体作为下面侧的表层基材105b。准备发泡材料(古河电气工业(株)制EFSEL(该公司的注册商标)的产品编号为RC2010)(两倍发泡的聚丙烯)作为芯层基材106。
在准备好的芯层基材106的上下面配置粘合性聚烯烃无纺布(日本Vilene(株)制、熔点为150℃、单位面积重量为15g/m2),进而,在其上下面配置制作好的表层基材105a、105b,准备成为板状构件101的板状基材。
进而,另行准备成为树脂构件102的树脂成型体。上述树脂成型体具有用于装载板状构件101端部的重叠部(接合突起107)(宽度为3mm、厚度为1mm)。
在重叠部的上面配置粘合性共聚尼龙无纺布(日本Vilene(株)制、熔点为150℃、单位面积重量为40g/m2),将板状基材和树脂成型体进行压模(模温度为160℃、压力为6MPa、预热时间为5分钟、固化时间为30分钟),制造复合成型体。将复合成型体加工成300mm×230mm大小后,进行NC加工,由此形成由表3的比较例2所示的直线构成的接合面,除此之外,采用与实施例1同样的方法,制作图4所示的复合成型品40。
测定实施例1至5的复合成型品的拉伸断裂负荷,结果确认能够得到充分的接合强度。上述复合成型品由于不具有板状构件与树脂构件上下重合的状态下的接合部,所以相应地可以实现薄壁化。另一方面,在比较例1的复合成型品中,无法得到充分的拉伸断裂负荷,接合部弯曲也大。在比较例2的复合成型品中,虽然拉伸断裂负荷充分,但由于存在重叠部,所以无法实现薄壁化。
表1至3中的各项目的说明:
项目1:纤维的种类
项目2:基体树脂
项目3:发泡材料的材质
项目4:纤维的种类
项目5:基体树脂
项目6:凹部Pn的形状
项目7:凹部Pn的凹部形状的轮廓线中是否具有圆形的线段
项目8:相对于每1mm凸部通过线PL长度的实际接合线的长度(单位:mm)
项目9:每100mm长度的凸部通过线PL中凸部的数量
项目10:凹部深度Ln(单位:mm)
项目11:凹部开口宽度Fn(单位:mm)
项目12:Ln/Fn的值
项目13:板状构件与树脂构件的上下方向中重叠部的有无
项目14:拉伸断裂负荷(单位:N)
项目15:接合部弯曲的值(单位:mm)
[表1]
表1
Figure GPA00001049263000211
[表2]
表2
Figure GPA00001049263000221
[表3]
表3
Figure GPA00001049263000231
产业上的可利用性
本发明的复合成型品不仅可以适合用作笔记本型个人电脑和便携式终端等电气·电子设备壳体的构成构件,而且由于其具有轻质性、高强度、高刚度、薄壁性,所以也适合用作汽车部件的构成构件。

Claims (16)

1.一种复合成型品,由板状构件和树脂构件构成,具有所述板状构件与所述树脂构件在互相对置的侧端面接合的接合面,所述板状构件由位于上面侧与下面侧的表层基材和位于所述两表层基材之间的芯层基材构成,所述各表层基材由纤维增强树脂形成,所述芯层基材由比形成所述各表层基材的所述纤维增强树脂更软质的软质材料形成,其特征在于,所述接合面中的至少一部分接合面,是所述各表层基材的侧端面与所述树脂构件的侧端面以具有凹凸形状的方式接合而形成的凹凸形状接合面,连接所述各表层基材描绘出的凹凸形状中的相邻凸部的顶部的直线线段形成凸部通过线,所述凸部通过线由连续的所述直线线段形成,相对于每1mm长度的所述凸部通过线,沿着所述凹凸形状中的凹凸形成的实际接合线的长度为1.05mm以上,并且在所述凹凸形状接合面处,所述树脂构件具有嵌入所述两表层基材之间的树脂构件嵌入前端部。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合成型品,其中,至少所述凹凸形状接合面中的所述树脂构件的侧端面,除所述树脂构件嵌入前端部之外,以平面形成。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合成型品,其中,至少在所述凹凸形状接合面处,所述板状构件的厚度与所述树脂构件的厚度实质上相同。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合成型品,其中,所述板状构件的厚度为0.7至1.5mm。
5.如权利要求1所述的复合成型品,其中,在所述凹凸形状接合面处,每100mm长度的所述凸部通过线,所述各表层基材描绘出的凹凸形状中的凸部的数量为1至100。
6.如权利要求1所述的复合成型品,其中,在所述凹凸形状接合面处,以所述各表层基材描绘出的凹凸形状中的凹部Pn的从所述凸部通过线到凹部谷底为止的距离为凹部深度Ln,以在所述凹部Pn的形状中由所述凸部通过线形成的凹部开口边的两端间的距离为凹部开口宽度Fn,则所述凹部深度Ln为所述凹部开口宽度Fn的0.1至10倍。
7.如权利要求6所述的复合成型品,其中,所述凹部Pn在凹部形状轮廓线的一部分中包含具有圆形的线段。
8.如权利要求6所述的复合成型品,其中,所述凹部Pn具有比所述凹部开口宽度Fn更宽的部分。
9.如权利要求6所述的复合成型品,其中,所述凹部Pn的形状实质上为多边形。
10.如权利要求1所述的复合成型品,其中,形成所述各表层基材的所述纤维增强树脂中的增强纤维为碳纤维。
11.如权利要求1所述的复合成型品,其中,形成所述各表层基材的所述纤维增强树脂中的基质树脂为含有热固性树脂的树脂。
12.如权利要求1所述的复合成型品,其中,形成所述芯层基材的所述软质材料为选自发泡材料、蜂窝材料、纤维片材、树脂片材中的至少一种材料。
13.如权利要求1所述的复合成型品,其中,所述树脂构件由纤维增强树脂形成。
14.如权利要求13所述的复合成型品,其中,形成所述树脂构件的纤维增强树脂中的增强纤维为玻璃纤维或碳纤维。
15.权利要求1所述的复合成型品的制造方法,包括以下工序:
(a)准备板状构件工序:在板状体的一侧端面设置多列从所述端面朝向内部的沟,在所述端面形成凹凸形状,得到板状构件,所述板状体由位于上面侧与下面侧的由纤维增强树脂形成的表层基材、和位于所述两表层基材之间的由比所述纤维增强树脂更软质的材料形成的芯层基材构成;
(b)容纳工序:将准备好的板状构件容纳于注射成型机的模中的工序;及
(c)注射成型工序:在所述板状构件被容纳于所述模内的所述注射成型机中,至少向所述板状构件的具有凹凸形状的所述端面注射树脂,进行注射成型,使所述树脂与所述板状构件的具有凹凸形状的所述端面接合,同时将所述树脂嵌入所述两表层基材之间。
16.如权利要求15所述的复合成型品的制造方法,其中,在所述注射成型的工序中注射所述树脂,使成型后的所述板状构件与树脂构件的厚度在所述板状构件和与其接合的树脂的至少具有所述凹凸形状的接合部处实质上相同。
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