CN101815618A - 耐光性膜 - Google Patents
耐光性膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101815618A CN101815618A CN200880110001A CN200880110001A CN101815618A CN 101815618 A CN101815618 A CN 101815618A CN 200880110001 A CN200880110001 A CN 200880110001A CN 200880110001 A CN200880110001 A CN 200880110001A CN 101815618 A CN101815618 A CN 101815618A
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- layer
- fast light
- light layer
- fast
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明提供耐光性膜,利用该耐光性膜,得到含有有机系紫外线吸收剂、同时在长期的光照射下也维持良好耐光性的耐光性膜,所述耐光性膜包含树脂膜、设置在该树脂膜上且含有有机系紫外线吸收剂而成的第一耐光层、及设置在第一耐光层上且含有具有紫外线吸收能力的金属氧化物而成的第二耐光层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐光性膜,其可以通过吸收紫外线来遮蔽紫外线,其自身对紫外线具有长期稳定的耐光性。
背景技术
热塑性树脂膜通用性高,可以在宽泛的领域中使用。聚酯、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚醚、聚苯乙烯等热塑性树脂因紫外线的作用而引起劣化或分解,发生变色,或机械强度降低,因此,有时在长期使用中招致障碍。为了防止劣化,一直以来使用各种紫外线吸收剂,含有紫外线吸收剂的热塑性树脂膜宽泛地使用于窗贴用途、塑料大棚用途、防虫用途等。
作为紫外线吸收剂,一般已知有无机系紫外线吸收剂和有机系紫外线吸收剂,由于无机系紫外线吸收剂吸收较宽波长区域的光,因此,要完全吸收紫外线时,会连可见光也吸收,故在可见光区域中的透射率变低。另一方面,由于有机系紫外线吸收剂吸收较窄波长区域的光,因此,可以维持可见光区域中的透射率,同时有效地吸收紫外线,但有机系紫外线吸收剂自身的耐光性不充分,在特别强的直射光下难以长期维持稳定的耐光性(日本特开平7-11231号公报、日本特开平7-11232号公报、日本特开2000-254518号公报、日本特开2000-106993号公报、日本特开2006-326971号公报)。
发明内容
本发明的课题在于提供耐光性膜,其含有有机系紫外线吸收剂,同时在长期的光照射下也维持良好耐光性。
即,本发明为耐光性膜,其包含树脂膜、设置在该树脂膜上且含有有机系紫外线吸收剂而成的第一耐光层、及设置在第一耐光层上且含有具有紫外线吸收能力的金属氧化物而成的第二耐光层。
具体实施方式
下面,对本发明进行详细说明。
树脂膜
树脂膜由热塑性树脂构成。作为该热塑性树脂,可以使用例如热塑性聚酯、聚碳酸酯、非晶质烯烃、聚醚、聚醚醚酮、聚苯醚、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸(アクリル)、聚酰胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯酸酯、聚磺酸、聚醚砜、聚芳硫醚、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、硅树脂、氟树脂。其中,优选热塑性聚酯。
作为热塑性聚酯,优选使用芳香族聚酯,可以例示聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。其中,优选聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯。热塑性树脂可以单独使用,也可以将多种组合使用。另外,也可以作为共聚物来使用。
本发明中的树脂可以为单层膜,也可以为由多层构成的层叠膜。
第一耐光层
第一耐光层设置在树脂膜上,含有有机系紫外线吸收剂而成。第一耐光层除有机系紫外线吸收剂之外,还可以含有例如树脂粘合剂、光稳定剂。
有机系紫外线吸收剂
作为本发明中的第一耐光层中所含的有机系紫外线吸收剂,使用吸收波长300~420nm、优选330~400nm的区域的全部或一部分区域的光的有机系紫外线吸收剂。通过使用在该范围具有吸收波长的有机系紫外线吸收剂,可在膜不着色的情形下吸收紫外线以进行遮蔽。
作为有机系紫外线吸收剂,可以使用例如二苯甲酮系、苯并三唑系、三嗪系、苯并噁嗪酮系、水杨酸酯系、氰基丙烯酸酯系、水杨酸酯系及丙烯腈系的有机系紫外线吸收剂。其中,二苯甲酮系、苯并三唑系、苯并噁嗪酮系的有机系紫外线吸收剂由于紫外线的吸收率高,故可特别优选使用。
作为二苯甲酮系的有机系紫外线吸收剂,可以例示:2,2-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基4-甲氧基二苯甲酮等。
作为苯并三唑系的有机系紫外线吸收剂,可以例示:(2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、(2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、(2’-羟基-5’-辛基苯基)苯并三唑及(2’-羟基-3’-叔丁基-5’-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4,6-双(1-甲基1-苯基乙基)苯酚、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-(1-甲基-1-苯基乙基)-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚、3-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-5-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基、辛基-3-[3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯基]丙酸酯、2-乙基己基-3-[3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯基]丙酸酯等。
作为苯并噁嗪酮系的有机系紫外线吸收剂,可以例示:2,2’-(1,4-亚苯基)双[4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮]、2,6-萘双(1,3-苯并噁嗪-4-酮)等。
有机系紫外线吸收剂可以使用一种,也可以将多种组合使用。另外,可以为低分子量型的有机系紫外线吸收剂,也可以为高分子量型的有机系紫外线吸收剂。
树脂粘合剂
在第一耐光层中可以含有粘合剂。树脂粘合剂可以为混合的状态,也可以为化学结合的状态。
在第一耐光层中配合树脂粘合剂的情况下,作为树脂粘合剂,优选使用透明的树脂,可以使用例如聚酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氟树脂、硅树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、氯乙烯树脂、乙烯醇缩丁醛(ビニルブチラ一ル)树脂、纤维素树脂及聚酰胺树脂,其中,优选光稳定性优异的丙烯酸树脂、硅树脂。
对于第一耐光层中的有机系紫外线吸收剂的含有比例,相对于构成第一耐光层的总成分100重量%,优选5~100重量%,进一步优选为10~100重量%。不足5重量%时,紫外线的吸收效率降低,为了赋予充分的紫外线吸收能力,需要较厚地涂覆,故不优选。
光稳定剂
在第一耐光层上可以进一步含有光稳定剂。
光稳定剂有猝灭剂和HALS两种。猝灭剂一般具有使处于激发状态的活性分子(例如单态氧1O2)脱激发的功能。另外,认为HALS作为补充由紫外线产生的自由基的捕捉剂起作用。作为光稳定剂,可以使用猝灭剂和HALS的任一种。在光稳定剂中,作为HALS,可以使用例如受阻胺化合物。
光稳定剂通常分散含有于第一耐光层。通过在第一耐光层中含有光稳定剂,可以使有机系紫外线吸收剂及树脂粘合剂的长期的耐光性提高。
在第一耐光层中含有光稳定剂的情况下,以有机系紫外线吸收剂100重量%为基准,含量例如为0.01~30重量%,优选为0.1~20重量%。
第一耐光层的厚度
第一耐光层的厚度优选0.03~35μm,进一步优选为0.05~20μm。通过为该范围的厚度,可以得到充分的耐光性和透明性、膜的良好操作性。
第一耐光层的形成方法
第一耐光层可以在树脂膜上通过例如涂覆、蒸镀来设置。涂覆的情况下,可以使用例如将在溶剂中分散或溶解有涂覆层的组合物的涂液涂覆在树脂膜上的湿式涂覆。
湿式涂覆可以使用辊法、浸渍法、气刀法、刮板法、金属丝棒法、滑动料斗法、挤出法、幕涂法等进行。另外,也可以使用基于通用机的旋转法或喷雾法。可以以凸版、胶版及照相凹版的3大印刷法为首,使用凹版、橡胶版、网版印刷之类的湿式印刷进行涂覆。其中,根据液体粘度或湿厚度选择优选的涂覆方法即可。
第二耐光层
第二耐光层设置在第一耐光层上,含有具有紫外线吸收能力的金属氧化物而成。在本发明中,按树脂膜、第一耐光层、第二耐光层的顺序进行配置。而且,为了得到长期的耐光性,以光的入射面位于第二耐光层侧的方式使用。
在本发明中,将含有具有紫外线吸收能力的金属氧化物的第二耐光层设置在第一耐光层之上,即设置在光的入射侧。由此,可以将第一耐光层的有机系紫外线吸收剂长期保持在稳定的状态。
金属氧化物
用于第二耐光层的具有紫外线吸收能力的金属氧化物,以吸收使第一耐光层中所使用的有机系紫外线吸收剂劣化的波长的光的目的使用。为了该目的,作为该金属氧化物,使用在300~400nm、优选330~390nm具有吸收波长的金属氧化物。通过使用在该范围具有吸收波长的金属氧化物,可以抑制第一耐光层的有机系紫外线吸收材料的劣化,同时得到基本上不着色的耐光性膜。
作为金属氧化物,可以使用例如氧化锌、氧化钛、氧化铈、三氧化钨、钛酸锶或氧化铁。这些金属氧化物可以单独使用,也可以将多种组合使用。金属氧化物可以在粒子的状态下配合于第二耐光层,也可以形成为薄膜。
作为粒子使用时,可以用氧化铝或氧化硅覆盖金属氧化物表面的一部分,以抑制光催化剂反应引起的周边有机物的劣化。
将金属氧化物作为粒子进行涂覆时,为了维持光线透射率,粒子的平均粒径优选为0.1μm以下,进一步优选为0.05μm以下。通过设定为该范围的粒径,可以维持光线透射率并致密地进行涂覆,紫外线的遮蔽性提高。
树脂粘合剂
在第二耐光层上可以含有树脂粘合剂。树脂粘合剂可以为混合的状态,也可以为化学结合的状态。
在第二耐光层上配合树脂粘合剂的情况下,优选使用透明的树脂,例如,可以使用聚酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氟系树脂、硅系树脂、三聚氰胺系树脂、氯乙烯树脂、乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂、纤维素树脂及聚酰胺树脂,其中,优选光稳定性优异的丙烯酸树脂、硅树脂。
对于第二耐光层中的金属氧化物的含有比例,相对于构成第二耐光层的总成分100重量%,优选为5~100重量%,进一步优选为10~100重量%。不足5重量%时,紫外线的吸收效率降低,为了赋予充分的紫外线吸收能力,需要较厚地涂覆故不优选。
光稳定剂
在第二耐光层上可以进一步含有光稳定剂。
该光稳定剂有猝灭剂和HALS两种,猝灭剂一般具有使处于激发状态的活性分子(例如单态氧1O2)脱激发的功能。另外,认为HALS作为补充由紫外线产生的自由基的捕捉剂起作用。作为光稳定剂,可以使用猝灭剂和HALS的任一种。在光稳定剂中,作为HALS,可以使用例如受阻胺化合物。
含有光稳定剂的情况下,通常分散含有于第二耐光层。通过在第二耐光层中含有光稳定剂,可以使树脂粘合剂的长期的耐光性提高。
在第二耐光层中含有光稳定剂的情况下,以金属氧化物100重量%为基准,含量例如为0.01~30重量%,优选为0.1~20重量%。
第二耐光层的厚度
第二耐光层的厚度优选0.01~10μm,进一步优选为0.05~10μm。通过为该范围的厚度,可以得到充分的耐光性和透明性、膜的良好操作性。
第二耐光层的形成方法
第二耐光层可以在第一耐光层上通过例如涂覆、干涂覆来设置。
涂覆的情况下,可以使用例如将在溶剂中分散或溶解有涂覆层的组合物的涂液涂覆在树脂膜上的湿式涂覆。湿式涂覆可以使用例如辊法、浸渍法、气刀法、刮板法、金属丝棒法、滑动料斗法、挤出法、幕涂法等进行。另外,也可以使用基于通用机的旋转法或喷雾法。可以以凸版、胶版及照相凹版的3大印刷法为首,使用凹版、橡胶版、网版印刷之类的湿式印刷进行涂覆。其中,根据液体粘度或湿厚度选择优选的涂覆方法即可。
干涂覆可以使用例如蒸镀法、溅射法、CVD法、离子喷镀法进行。
其它层
硬涂层
为了提高各层的密合性和长期户外使用时的耐久性,可以在树脂膜和第一耐光层之间、第一耐光层和第二耐光层之间、第二耐光层之上的部位的任一处以上设置硬涂层。该硬涂层的厚度例如为0.01~20μm,进一步优选为0.05~10μm。
硬涂层优选用与相接的层密合性良好的材料构成,从工业的生产率的观点考虑,优选热固化性树脂或能量线固化性树脂。作为热固化性树脂或能量线固化性树脂,可以使用例如丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、硅树脂、环氧树脂,优选使用在这些树脂成分中配合了氧化铝、二氧化硅、云母之类无机粒子的混合物。
缓冲层
可以与含有金属氧化物的第二耐光层相邻而设置由无机物质构成的厚度0.01~20μm、优选1~10μm的缓冲层。通过设置该缓冲层,可以利用金属氧化物引起的光催化剂反应抑制相邻的层的光劣化。例如,通过在第一耐光层和第二耐光层之间设置缓冲层,可以抑制金属氧化物的光催化剂反应引起的第一耐光层的劣化。作为构成缓冲层的无机物质,可以使用例如氧化铝、氧化硅。缓冲层可以兼作硬涂层。
防反射层
可以在构成本发明的耐光性膜的各层之间或最表层设置防反射层。通过设置防反射层,光线透射率提高,在太阳能电池等光量重要的领域也可利用,故优选。
将防反射层设置在最表层时,作为防反射层,将折射率1.30~2.0、厚度0.01~0.2μm的层层叠1~30层即可。需要说明的是,防反射层可以兼作硬涂层、缓冲层。
易胶粘层
在本发明中,可以在树脂膜上设置易胶粘层。该情况下,易胶粘层可以设置在树脂膜和第一耐光层之间,也可以设置在没有设置第一耐光层的一侧。易胶粘层设置在树脂膜和第一耐光层之间时,可以提高两者的胶粘性。易胶粘层设置在没有设置树脂膜的第一耐光层的一侧时,在将本发明的耐光性膜用作例如盖板时,可以得到与覆盖的对象良好的胶粘性。
易胶粘层优选使用对聚酯膜和第一耐光层两者显示优异胶粘性的材料,例如,可以使用聚酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、尿烷丙烯酸树脂、硅丙烯酸树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、聚硅氧烷树脂。这些树脂可以单独使用,也可以使用2种以上的混合物。
易胶粘层的厚度优选10~200nm,进一步优选为20~150nm。易胶粘层的厚度不足10nm时,使密合性提高的效果不足,超过200nm时,有时容易产生易胶粘层的凝聚破坏,密合性降低,故不优选。
作为设置易胶粘层的方法,优选在树脂膜的制造过程中利用涂布的方法。涂布优选在树脂膜的取向结晶完成之前涂覆涂液而进行。在此,所谓结晶取向完成之前的膜,包含未拉伸膜、使未拉伸膜在纵向或横向的任一方向上取向得到的单轴取向膜、进一步在纵向及横向的两方向上进行低倍率拉伸取向得到的膜(最终在纵向或横向使其进行再拉伸而完成取向结晶之前的双轴拉伸膜)等。其中,优选通过在未拉伸膜或单轴拉伸膜上涂覆涂液、直接进行纵拉伸和/或横拉伸、进一步实施热固定来设置易胶粘层。
实施例
以下,列举实施例对本发明进行更详细说明。
各物性利用下述的方法进行评价。
(1)光线透射率
使用分光光度计(岛津制作所制MPC3100),测定波长390nm下的光线透射率。
(2)耐光性
在样品膜上使用UV照射试验机(ATLAS社制SUNSTESTCPS+),在温度55℃、输出765W/m2下照射240小时,由此进行户外暴露促进试验。在户外暴露促进试验后,对膜的着色利用使用日本电色工业株式会社制SZS-∑90的透射测定来测定b*值,算出试验后的b*值和试验前的b*值之差,用下述基准进行评价。需要说明的是,将户外暴露促进试验简称为试验。
◎:试验后b*-试验前b*≤4...耐光性非常良好。
○:4<试验后b*-试验前b*≤8...耐光性改善。
×:8<试验后b*-试验前b*...耐光性不良。
实施例1
(树脂膜的制作)
将特性粘度为0.63、基本上不含有粒子的聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯的颗粒在170℃下干燥6小时后,供给至挤出机料斗。在熔融温度305℃下进行熔融混炼,用平均网眼为17μm的不锈钢细线过滤器进行过滤,通过3mm的狭缝状模具在表面温度60℃的旋转冷却鼓上进行挤出并骤冷,得到未拉伸膜。将该未拉伸膜以120℃进行预热,进一步在低速、高速的辊间从15mm上方用850℃的IR加热器进行加热,在纵方向拉伸至1.1倍。在该纵拉伸后的膜的一面以干燥后的涂覆层厚度为0.25μm的方式用辊涂机涂覆下记的涂剂A,形成易接层。
接着,供给至拉幅机,以140℃沿横方向拉伸至3.3倍。将得到的双轴取向膜在245℃的温度下热固定5秒,制成特性粘度0.58dl/g、厚度125μm的膜,其后,使该膜在悬垂状态下、在驰豫率0.7%、温度205℃下进行热弛豫,制成树脂膜。
(第一耐光层的形成)
由作为有机系紫外线吸收剂的Cyasorb UV24(Cytech社制:2,2-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮)40重量份、作为粘合剂的丙烯酸树脂的HALS Hybrid UV-G301(日本触媒制)54重量份、作为异氰酸酯固化剂的Desmodur N3200(住友バイエルウレタン社制)6重量份配制用于形成第一耐光层的组合物。将该组合物溶解于醋酸乙酯,制成固体成分浓度11重量%的溶液,而配制涂液。使用棒涂机将该涂液涂覆在树脂膜上并进行干燥,形成厚度2μm的第一耐光层。
(第二耐光层的形成)
使用棒涂机将氧化锌微粒的15重量%分散液NanoTek(C.I.化成制、平均粒径34nm)涂覆在第一耐光层上并进行干燥,形成厚度0.1μm的第二耐光层。
评价得到的耐光性膜的物性。将结果示于表1。
实施例2
(树脂膜的制作)
与实施例1同样地制作树脂膜。
(第一耐光层的形成)
由作为有机系紫外线吸收剂的Cyasorb UV24(Cytech社制:2,2-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮)50重量份、作为粘合剂的硅酮系粘合剂的TSR145(MOMENTIVE社制))49.8重量份、催化剂(CR13(MOMENTIVE社制))0.2重量份制成以甲苯为溶剂的固体成分浓度为24重量%的溶液,而配制涂液。使用棒涂机将该涂液涂覆在树脂膜上并进行涂覆、加热干燥,形成厚度1.5μm的第一耐光层。
(第二耐光层的形成)
用与实施例1同样的方法形成第二耐光层,得到耐光性膜。
评价得到的耐光性膜的物性。将结果示于表1。
实施例3
(树脂膜的制作)
与实施例1同样地制作树脂膜。
(第一耐光层的形成)
与实施例2同样地形成第一耐光层。
(第二耐光层的形成)
使用溅射法,将氧化锌以100nm厚度层叠在第一耐光层上,形成第二耐光层,得到耐光性膜。
评价得到的耐光性膜的物性。将结果示于表1。
实施例4
(树脂膜的制作)
与实施例1同样地制作树脂膜。
(第一耐光层的形成)
将有机系紫外线吸收剂CyasorbUV24(Cytech社制:2,2-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮)100重量份制成以甲苯为溶剂的固体成分浓度为12重量%的溶液,而配制涂液。使用棒涂机将该涂液涂覆在树脂膜上并进行干燥,形成厚度0.7μm的第一耐光层。
(第二耐光层的形成)
用与实施例3同样的方法在第一耐光层上形成第二耐光层,得到耐光性膜。
评价得到的耐光性膜的物性。将结果示于表1。
实施例5
与实施例3同样地操作,在树脂膜上形成第一耐光层,在其上形成第二耐光层。进一步使用溅射法在第二耐光层上的最表层以100nm的厚度层叠氧化硅的层,形成防反射层,得到具有防反射层的耐光性膜。
评价得到的耐光性膜的物性。将结果示于表1。
实施例6
与实施例3同样地操作,在树脂膜上形成第一耐光层。接着,使用溅射法在第一耐光层上以厚度50nm层叠氧化硅的层,由此形成缓冲层。在其上与实施例3同样地操作,形成第二耐光层,得到耐光性膜。
评价得到的耐光性膜的物性。将结果示于表1。
比较例1
与实施例1同样地操作,制作树脂膜。在该树脂膜上未设置第一耐光层及第二耐光层。
评价该膜的物性。将结果示于表1。
比较例2
与实施例1同样地操作,制作树脂膜,与实施例2同样地操作,制作形成了第一耐光层的膜。在该膜上未设置第二耐光层。
评价得到的耐光性膜的物性。将结果示于表1。
比较例3
与实施例1同样地操作,制作树脂膜,在树脂膜上直接形成第二耐光层。形成方法使用与实施例3同样的方法。在该膜上未形成第一耐光层。
评价得到的膜的物性。将结果示于表1。
表1
第一耐光层 | 第二耐光层 | 390nm光线透射率(%) | 耐光性 | |
实施例1 | 有机系紫外线吸收剂Cyasorb UV24 | 氧化锌微粒 | 39.5 | ◎ |
实施例2 | 有机系紫外线吸收剂Cyasorb UV24 | 氧化锌微粒 | 40.0 | ◎ |
实施例3 | 有机系紫外线吸收剂Cyasorb UV24 | 氧化锌膜(溅射) | 38.7 | ◎ |
实施例4 | 有机系紫外线吸收剂Cyasorb UV24 | 氧化锌膜(溅射) | 40.0 | ◎ |
实施例5 | 有机系紫外线吸收剂Cyasorb UV24 | 氧化锌膜(溅射) | 43.2 | ◎ |
实施例6 | 有机系紫外线吸收剂Cyasorb UV24 | 氧化锌膜(溅射) | 38.0 | ◎ |
比较例1 | - | - | 59.5 | × |
比较例2 | 有机系紫外线吸收剂Cyasorb UV24 | - | 45.8 | ○ |
比较例3 | - | 氧化锌膜(溅射) | 51.7 | ○ |
发明的效果
根据本发明,可以提供含有有机系紫外线吸收剂、同时在长期的光照射下也维持良好耐光性的耐光性膜。
产业适用性
本发明的耐光性膜可以理想地用于例如太阳能电池的构件之类的长期暴露于紫外线的用途,以及例如医药品之类的防止紫外线所致劣化的必要性高的物品的包装的用途。
Claims (3)
1.耐光性膜,其包含树脂膜、设置在该树脂膜上且含有有机系紫外线吸收剂而成的第一耐光层、及设置在第一耐光层上且含有具有紫外线吸收能力的金属氧化物而成的第二耐光层。
2.如权利要求1所述的耐光性膜,其中,第二耐光层的金属氧化物为选自由氧化锌、氧化钛、氧化铈、三氧化钨、钛酸锶及氧化铁构成的组中的至少1种。
3.如权利要求1所述的耐光性膜,其可用作太阳能电池的构件。
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CN103943702A (zh) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-23 | 营口旺平实业有限公司 | 一种无氟太阳能电池背板 |
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